{"title":"Vapor-assisted surface reconstruction enables outdoor-stable perovskite solar modules","authors":"Xiangnan Sun, Wenda Shi, Tianjun Liu, Jinzhan Cheng, Xin Wang, Peng Xu, Wei Zhang, Xiaoming Zhao, Wanlin Guo","doi":"10.1126/science.adv4280","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adv4280","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Natural illumination variations in light-dark cycles induce irreversible ion migration in perovskite solar cells, posing substantial challenges to their long-term outdoor operational stability. We addressed this issue by isolating defective octahedra at the perovskite surface using a vapor-deposited polydentate ligand. Surface octahedra isolation suppresses ion migration into the charge transport layer and reduces surface ionic defects, modulating the kinetics of ion migration during light-dark cycles. Our 785-square-centimeter industrial-scale perovskite solar modules achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.6%. Our modules demonstrated enhanced diurnal stability, retaining more than 97% of their initial PCE even after 101 light-dark cycles at 50°C. Our perovskite modules maintained stable power output during 45 days of outdoor operation under severe summer conditions, exhibiting stability comparable with that of the reference silicon cell.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6750","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144176532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SciencePub Date : 2025-05-29DOI: 10.1126/science.adz2599
Jon Cohen
{"title":"The organ farm.","authors":"Jon Cohen","doi":"10.1126/science.adz2599","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adz2599","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene-edited pig kidneys are finally moving the long-stymied field of xenotransplantation forward.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6750","pages":"906-912"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SciencePub Date : 2025-05-29DOI: 10.1126/science.adx8992
Stoyo Karamihalev, Nadine Gogolla
{"title":"A wave of emotion","authors":"Stoyo Karamihalev, Nadine Gogolla","doi":"10.1126/science.adx8992","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adx8992","url":null,"abstract":"<div >Emotions shape how individuals experience the world. Some emotions appear and fade away in seconds or minutes, whereas others linger for longer. Acute fear might dissipate quickly upon escape to safety or could transform into enduring anxiety. The grief caused by bereavement may persist for even longer, affecting an individual for many months. Whether fleeting or lasting, emotions influence perceptions, behavior, and decisions well beyond the experience that set them in motion. Yet very little is known about how the brain holds onto these internal states. Explaining the biological basis of their enduring nature is crucial for building a mechanistic understanding of emotion. On page 933 of this issue, Kauvar <i>et al</i>. (<i>1</i>) report an evolutionarily conserved brainwide response to an emotional stimulus that serves as the early-stage neural substrate of an emotion state. Thus, they identify a fundamental process that may help explain how emotions emerge.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6750","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SciencePub Date : 2025-05-29DOI: 10.1126/science.adr5604
Hessam Shahbazi, Pardis Seraji, Husam Farraj, Taimin Yang, Allen Kim, Seyyedfaridoddin Fattahpour, Ilias Papailias, Matthew Diamond, Shahriar Namvar, Alireza Ahmadiparidari, Shuxi Wang, Zhenxian Liu, Shihui Feng, Khagesh Kumar, Muhtar Ahart, Jordi Cabana, Sara Kadkhodaei, Junlan Wang, Zhehao Huang, Russell J. Hemley, Amin Salehi-Khojin
{"title":"Resiliency, morphology, and entropic transformations in high-entropy oxide nanoribbons","authors":"Hessam Shahbazi, Pardis Seraji, Husam Farraj, Taimin Yang, Allen Kim, Seyyedfaridoddin Fattahpour, Ilias Papailias, Matthew Diamond, Shahriar Namvar, Alireza Ahmadiparidari, Shuxi Wang, Zhenxian Liu, Shihui Feng, Khagesh Kumar, Muhtar Ahart, Jordi Cabana, Sara Kadkhodaei, Junlan Wang, Zhehao Huang, Russell J. Hemley, Amin Salehi-Khojin","doi":"10.1126/science.adr5604","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.adr5604","url":null,"abstract":"<div >We present the successful synthesis and characterization of a one-dimensional high-entropy oxide (1D-HEO) exhibiting nanoribbon morphology. These 1D-HEO nanoribbons exhibit high structural stability at elevated temperatures (to 1000°C), elevated pressures (to 12 gigapascals), and long exposure to harsh acid or base chemical environments. Moreover, they exhibit notable mechanical properties, with an excellent modulus of resilience reaching 40 megajoules per cubic meter. High-pressure experiments reveal an intriguing transformation of the 1D-HEO nanoribbons from orthorhombic to cubic structures at 15 gigapascals followed by the formation of fully amorphous HEOs above 30 gigapascals, which are recoverable to ambient conditions. These transformations introduce additional entropy (structural disorder) besides configurational entropy. This finding offers a way to create low-dimensional, resilient, and high-entropy materials.</div>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6750","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144165692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SciencePub Date : 2025-05-29DOI: 10.1126/science.adz3354
Michael Price
{"title":"Leprosy was an American scourge long before Europeans arrived.","authors":"Michael Price","doi":"10.1126/science.adz3354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adz3354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scientists find DNA from an enigmatic bacterium in 1000-year-old skeletons.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6750","pages":"900-901"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SciencePub Date : 2025-05-29DOI: 10.1126/science.adu7144
Maria Lopopolo, Charlotte Avanzi, Sebastian Duchene, Pierre Luisi, Alida de Flamingh, Gabriel Yaxal Ponce-Soto, Gaetan Tressieres, Sarah Neumeyer, Frédéric Lemoine, Elizabeth A Nelson, Miren Iraeta-Orbegozo, Jerome S Cybulski, Joycelynn Mitchell, Vilma T Marks, Linda B Adams, John Lindo, Michael DeGiorgio, Nery Ortiz, Carlos Wiens, Juri Hiebert, Alexandro Bonifaz, Griselda Montes de Oca, Vanessa Paredes-Solis, Carlos Franco-Paredes, Lucio Vera-Cabrera, José G Pereira Brunelli, Mary Jackson, John S Spencer, Claudio G Salgado, Xiang-Yang Han, Camron M Pearce, Alaine K Warren, Patricia S Rosa, Amanda J de Finardi, Andréa de F F Belone, Cynthia Ferreira, Philip N Suffys, Amanda N Brum Fontes, Sidra E G Vasconcellos, Roxane Schaub, Pierre Couppié, Kinan Drak Alsibai, Rigoberto Hernández-Castro, Mayra Silva Miranda, Iris Estrada-Garcia, Fermin Jurado-Santacruz, Ludovic Orlando, Hannes Schroeder, Lluis Quintana-Murci, Mariano Del Papa, Ramanuj Lahiri, Ripan S Malhi, Simon Rasmussen, Nicolás Rascovan
{"title":"Pre-European contact leprosy in the Americas and its current persistence.","authors":"Maria Lopopolo, Charlotte Avanzi, Sebastian Duchene, Pierre Luisi, Alida de Flamingh, Gabriel Yaxal Ponce-Soto, Gaetan Tressieres, Sarah Neumeyer, Frédéric Lemoine, Elizabeth A Nelson, Miren Iraeta-Orbegozo, Jerome S Cybulski, Joycelynn Mitchell, Vilma T Marks, Linda B Adams, John Lindo, Michael DeGiorgio, Nery Ortiz, Carlos Wiens, Juri Hiebert, Alexandro Bonifaz, Griselda Montes de Oca, Vanessa Paredes-Solis, Carlos Franco-Paredes, Lucio Vera-Cabrera, José G Pereira Brunelli, Mary Jackson, John S Spencer, Claudio G Salgado, Xiang-Yang Han, Camron M Pearce, Alaine K Warren, Patricia S Rosa, Amanda J de Finardi, Andréa de F F Belone, Cynthia Ferreira, Philip N Suffys, Amanda N Brum Fontes, Sidra E G Vasconcellos, Roxane Schaub, Pierre Couppié, Kinan Drak Alsibai, Rigoberto Hernández-Castro, Mayra Silva Miranda, Iris Estrada-Garcia, Fermin Jurado-Santacruz, Ludovic Orlando, Hannes Schroeder, Lluis Quintana-Murci, Mariano Del Papa, Ramanuj Lahiri, Ripan S Malhi, Simon Rasmussen, Nicolás Rascovan","doi":"10.1126/science.adu7144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adu7144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leprosy, primarily caused by <i>Mycobacterium leprae</i>, is considered a disease introduced into the Americas during European colonization. However, the recent discovery of a second pathogen causing leprosy, <i>M. lepromatosis</i>, mainly found in the Americas, challenges this view. Here, we show that <i>M. lepromatosis</i> infected humans in the Americas before European contact. By screening 389 ancient and 408 contemporary samples, we have expanded the genetic data available for the species. Phylogenetic analyses revealed distinct human-infecting clades of <i>M. lepromatosis</i>, with one dominating North America since colonial times. The presence of millennia-old strains in North and South America indicates <i>M. lepromatosis</i> may have been widespread during the Late Holocene, demonstrating <i>M. lepromatosis</i> leprosy has a long-standing history in the Americas before European arrival.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":" ","pages":"eadu7144"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144180983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SciencePub Date : 2025-05-29DOI: 10.1126/science.adz3356
Rachel Nuwer
{"title":"California hummingbirds are evolving fast-because of feeders.","authors":"Rachel Nuwer","doi":"10.1126/science.adz3356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adz3356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Beaks have grown longer and larger, and ranges have expanded to follow the feeders.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6750","pages":"902-903"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SciencePub Date : 2025-05-29DOI: 10.1126/science.adz3357
Richard Stone
{"title":"A giant telescope shrouded in mystery.","authors":"Richard Stone","doi":"10.1126/science.adz3357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adz3357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>China is readying to build one of the world's largest telescopes-but only scant details have emerged.</p>","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6750","pages":"904"},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SciencePub Date : 2025-05-29DOI: 10.1126/science.ady6762
{"title":"Why We Die: The New Science of Aging and the Quest for Immortality","authors":"","doi":"10.1126/science.ady6762","DOIUrl":"10.1126/science.ady6762","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21678,"journal":{"name":"Science","volume":"388 6750","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":44.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.science.org/doi/reader/10.1126/science.ady6762","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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