Applied Sciences-Basel最新文献

{"title":"The Feasibility and User Experience of a Program of Progressive Cued Activity to Promote Functional Upper Limb Activity in the Inpatient Rehabilitation Setting with Follow-Up at Home.","authors":"Kimberly Bassindale, Sarah Golus, Jake Horder, Maureen Winkoski, Meghann Sytsma, Whitney A Morelli, Maura Casadio, John McGuire, Robert A Scheidt","doi":"10.3390/app15063010","DOIUrl":"10.3390/app15063010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although upper limb impairment is one of the most common deficits post-stroke and contributes substantially to diminished functional independence, many survivors receive low dosages of upper limb task training in the inpatient setting. This study evaluates the feasibility and user experience of a progressive-challenge cued activity program, delivered via wearable technology, to promote upper limb activity in an inpatient rehabilitation facility (IRF) post-stroke. Participants (<i>N</i> = 30) wore our wearable system <i>Souvenir</i>, which provided vibrotactile cues to prompt activity in the more-involved arm during idle time. Compliance with the program was high (94% in the IRF), and the system successfully prompted increased activity, as evidenced by significantly higher post-cue response rates compared to pre-cue activity rates (mean difference = 35.1%, <i>t</i>(28) = 9.398, <i>p</i> < 0.001). User experience was positive, with participants reporting high usability, satisfaction, and motivation. Follow-up data collected in unstructured home settings (<i>n</i> = 23) demonstrated continued high compliance (96%) and favorable user experience. These findings suggest that <i>Souvenir</i> and its cued activity program can effectively convert idle time into therapeutic activity while minimizing caregiver burden. Future research should focus on enhancing user engagement and evaluating the clinical efficacy of this approach in improving functional outcomes post-stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":"15 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12302696/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144734358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Subglottic Stenosis Severity on Vocal Fold Vibration and Voice Production in Realistic Laryngeal and Airway Geometries Using Fluid-Structure-Acoustics Interaction Simulation.","authors":"Dariush Bodaghi, Qian Xue, Scott Thomson, Xudong Zheng","doi":"10.3390/app15031168","DOIUrl":"10.3390/app15031168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the impact of subglottic stenosis (SGS) on voice production using a subject-specific laryngeal and airway model. Direct numerical simulations of fluid-structure-acoustic interaction were employed to analyze glottal flow dynamics, vocal fold vibration, and acoustics under realistic conditions. The model accurately captured key physiological parameters, including the glottal flow rate, vocal fold vibration patterns, and the first four formant frequencies. Simulations of varying SGS severity revealed that up to 75% stenosis, vocal function remains largely unaffected. However, at 90% severity, significant changes in glottal flow and acoustics were observed, with vocal fold vibration remaining stable. At 96%, severe reductions in glottal flow and acoustics, along with marked changes in vocal fold dynamics, were detected. Flow resistance, the ratio of glottal to stenosis area, and pressure drop across the vocal folds were identified as critical factors influencing these changes. The use of anatomically realistic airway and vocal fold geometries revealed that while anatomical variations minimally affect voice production at lower stenosis grades, they become critical at severe stenosis levels (>90%), particularly in capturing distinct anterior-posterior opening patterns and focused jet effects that alter glottal dynamics. These findings suggest that while simplified models suffice for analyzing mild to moderate stenosis, patient-specific geometric details are essential for accurate prediction of vocal fold dynamics in severe cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12467110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intramedullary Stress and Strain Correlate with Neurological Dysfunction in Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy.","authors":"Mahmudur Rahman, Karthik Banurekha Devaraj, Omkar Chauhan, Balaji Harinathan, Narayan Yoganandan, Aditya Vedantam","doi":"10.3390/app15020886","DOIUrl":"10.3390/app15020886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is characterized by progressive neurological dysfunction, yet the contribution of intramedullary stress and strain during neck motion remains unclear. This study used patient-specific finite element models (FEMs) of the cervical spine and spinal cord to examine the relationship between spinal cord biomechanics and neurological dysfunction. Twenty DCM patients (mean age 62.7 ± 11.6 years; thirteen females) underwent pre-surgical MRI-based modeling to quantify von Mises stress and maximum principal strains at the level of maximum spinal cord compression during simulated neck flexion and extension. Pre-surgical functional assessments included hand sensation, dexterity, and balance. During flexion, the mean intramedullary stress and strain at the level of maximum compression were 7.6 ± 3.7 kPa and 4.3 ± 2.0%, respectively. Increased intramedullary strain during flexion correlated with decreased right-hand sensation (r = -0.58, <i>p</i> = 0.014), impaired right-hand dexterity (r = -0.50, <i>p</i> = 0.048), and prolonged dexterity time (r = 0.52, <i>p</i> = 0.039). Similar correlations were observed with intramedullary stress. Patients with severe DCM exhibited significantly greater stress during flexion than those with mild/moderate disease (<i>p</i> = 0.03). These findings underscore the impact of dynamic spinal cord biomechanics on neurological dysfunction and support their potential utility in improving DCM diagnosis and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11845244/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing Automated Hematoma Expansion Classification from Baseline and Follow-Up Head Computed Tomography.","authors":"Anh T Tran, Dmitriy Desser, Tal Zeevi, Gaby Abou Karam, Julia Zietz, Andrea Dell'Orco, Min-Chiun Chen, Ajay Malhotra, Adnan I Qureshi, Santosh B Murthy, Shahram Majidi, Guido J Falcone, Kevin N Sheth, Jawed Nawabi, Seyedmehdi Payabvash","doi":"10.3390/app15010111","DOIUrl":"10.3390/app15010111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hematoma expansion (HE) is an independent predictor of poor outcomes and a modifiable treatment target in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Evaluating HE in large datasets requires segmentation of hematomas on admission and follow-up CT scans, a process that is time-consuming and labor-intensive in large-scale studies. Automated segmentation of hematomas can expedite this process; however, cumulative errors from segmentation on admission and follow-up scans can hamper accurate HE classification. In this study, we combined a tandem deep-learning classification model with automated segmentation to generate probability measures for false HE classifications. With this strategy, we can limit expert review of automated hematoma segmentations to a subset of the dataset, tailored to the research team's preferred sensitivity or specificity thresholds and their tolerance for false-positive versus false-negative results. We utilized three separate multicentric cohorts for cross-validation/training, internal testing, and external validation (<i>n</i> = 2261) to develop and test a pipeline for automated hematoma segmentation and to generate ground truth binary HE annotations (≥3, ≥6, ≥9, and ≥12.5 mL). Applying a 95% sensitivity threshold for HE classification showed a practical and efficient strategy for HE annotation in large ICH datasets. This threshold excluded 47-88% of test-negative predictions from expert review of automated segmentations for different HE definitions, with less than 2% false-negative misclassification in both internal and external validation cohorts. Our pipeline offers a time-efficient and optimizable method for generating ground truth HE classifications in large ICH datasets, reducing the burden of expert review of automated hematoma segmentations while minimizing misclassification rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143568650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forward Computational Modeling of Respiratory Airflow.","authors":"Emmanuel A Akor, Bing Han, Mingchao Cai, Ching-Long Lin, David W Kaczka","doi":"10.3390/app142411591","DOIUrl":"10.3390/app142411591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The simulation of gas flow in the bronchial tree using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become a useful tool for the analysis of gas flow mechanics, structural deformation, ventilation, and particle deposition for drug delivery during spontaneous and assisted breathing. CFD allows for new hypotheses to be tested <i>in silico</i>, and detailed results generated without performing expensive experimental procedures that could be potentially harmful to patients. Such computational techniques are also useful for analyzing structure-function relationships in healthy and diseased lungs, assessing regional ventilation at various time points over the course of clinical treatment, or elucidating the changes in airflow patterns over the life span. CFD has also allowed for the development and use of image-based (i.e., patient-specific) models of three-dimensional (3D) airway trees with realistic boundary conditions to achieve more meaningful and personalized data that may be useful for planning effective treatment protocols. This focused review will present a summary of the techniques used in generating realistic 3D airway tree models, the limitations of such models, and the methodologies used for CFD airflow simulation. We will discuss mathematical and image-based geometric models, as well as the various boundary conditions that may be imposed on these geometric models. The results from simulations utilizing mathematical and image-based geometric models of the airway tree will also be discussed in terms of similarities to actual gas flow in the human lung.</p>","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":"14 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12225619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual Reality Training Affects Center of Pressure (COP)-Based Balance Parameters in Older Individuals.","authors":"Nicole Arnold, Oshin Wilson, Lara Thompson","doi":"10.3390/app14167182","DOIUrl":"10.3390/app14167182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Postural imbalance is a leading cause of injury in older adults. Our study investigated the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR)-based interventions on balance ability in this population. Here, we examined 21 older, healthy adults (75.8 ± 5.2 years old). Participants performed 6 weeks of balance training, twice per week for 30 min; the experimental group donned an Oculus VR headset during the training while control participants did not. To assess balance ability, a force platform measured displacement of the center of pressure (COP) during quiet standing in double-leg, tandem, and single-leg stances with eyes closed pre- and post-assessment. COP measurements included mediolateral (ML) and anterior-posterior (AP) directions for root mean square (RMS), peak-to-peak displacement (MAXD), total excursion (TE), and 95% confidence area ellipse (AE) parameters. Post-training assessments showed improvements (significant decreases) in the COP parameters. Control group COP parameters improved in various stances ranging from a 3% to 40% decrease on average. The VR group improved MAXD, TE, and 95% AE ranging from a 5% to 47% decrease, on average, across various stances post-compared to pre-training. VR-based exercise training programs may encourage older adults to engage in mobility exercises, leading to a reduced risk of falls or injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":"14 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12459611/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ground Reaction Forces and Joint Moments Predict Metabolic Cost in Physical Performance: Harnessing the Power of Artificial Neural Networks.","authors":"Arash Mohammadzadeh Gonabadi, Farahnaz Fallahtafti, Prokopios Antonellis, Iraklis I Pipinos, Sara A Myers","doi":"10.3390/app14125210","DOIUrl":"10.3390/app14125210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding metabolic cost through biomechanical data, including ground reaction forces (GRFs) and joint moments, is vital for health, sports, and rehabilitation. The long stabilization time (2-5 min) of indirect calorimetry poses challenges in prolonged tests. This study investigated using artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict metabolic costs from the GRF and joint moment time series. Data from 20 participants collected over 270 walking trials, including the GRF and joint moments, formed a detailed dataset. Two ANN models were crafted, net_GRF for the GRF and net_Moment for joint moments, and both underwent training, validation, and testing to validate their predictive accuracy for metabolic cost. Net_GRF (six hidden layers, two input delays) showed significant correlations: 0.963 (training), 0.927 (validation), 0.883 (testing), <i>p</i> < 0.001. Net_Moment (three hidden layers, one input delay) had correlations of 0.920 (training), 0.956 (validation), 0.874 (testing), <i>p</i> < 0.001. The models' low mean squared errors reflect their precision. Using Partial Dependence Plots, we demonstrated how gait cycle phases affect metabolic cost predictions, pinpointing key phases. Our findings show that the GRF and joint moments data can accurately predict metabolic costs via ANN models, with net_GRF being notably consistent. This emphasizes ANNs' role in biomechanics as a crucial method for estimating metabolic costs, impacting sports science, rehabilitation, assistive technology development, and fostering personalized advancements.</p>","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":"14 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11735018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Digital Holographic Imaging to Monitor Real-Time Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy Dynamics in Response to Norepinephrine Stimulation.","authors":"Wahida Akter, Herman Huang, Jacquelyn Simmons, Alexander Y Payumo","doi":"10.3390/app14093819","DOIUrl":"10.3390/app14093819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, characterized by an increase in cell size, is associated with various cardiovascular diseases driven by factors including hypertension, myocardial infarction, and valve dysfunction. In vitro primary cardiomyocyte culture models have yielded numerous insights into the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms driving hypertrophic growth. However, due to limitations in current approaches, the dynamics of cardiomyocyte hypertrophic responses remain poorly characterized. In this study, we evaluate the application of the Holomonitor M4 digital holographic imaging microscope to track dynamic changes in cardiomyocyte surface area and volume in response to norepinephrine treatment, a model hypertrophic stimulus. The Holomonitor M4 permits non-invasive, label-free imaging of three-dimensional changes in cell morphology with minimal phototoxicity, thus enabling long-term imaging studies. Untreated and norepinephrine-stimulated primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were live-imaged on the Holomonitor M4, which was followed by image segmentation and single-cell tracking using the HOLOMONITOR App Suite software version 4.0.1.546. The 24 h treatment of cultured cardiomyocytes with norepinephrine increased cardiomyocyte spreading and optical volume as expected, validating the reliability of the approach. Single-cell tracking of both cardiomyocyte surface area and three-dimensional optical volume revealed dynamic increases in these parameters throughout the 24 h imaging period, demonstrating the potential of this technology to explore cardiomyocyte hypertrophic responses with greater temporal resolution; however, technological limitations were also observed and should be considered in the experimental design and interpretation of results. Overall, leveraging the unique advantages of the Holomonitor M4 digital holographic imaging system has the potential to empower future work towards understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying cardiomyocyte hypertrophy with enhanced temporal clarity.</p>","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":"14 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11138140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141181150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropometric Measurements, Physical Fitness Performance and Specific Throwing Strength in Adolescent Track-and-Field Throwers: Age, Sex and Sport Discipline","authors":"Yifan Zhao, Kewei Zhao","doi":"10.3390/app131810118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810118","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aims of this study were: (1) to profile anthropometric, physical fitness, and specific throwing strength characteristics among 14–18 years boys and girls throwers; (2) to evaluate which factors vary with age, and which correlate with specific throwing strength; (3) to identify the measured variables that best predict specific throwing strength. Methods: Anthropometric, physical fitness, and specific throwing strength of 154 boys and 104 girls, who participated in track-and-field throw (Shot put, Javelin, Discus and Hammer throw) from four age categories (U15, U16, U17, U18), were measured in September 2022. The differences and correlations in parameters among different age, sex and throwing groups were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric testing. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify the variables that best explain the specific throwing strength. Results: Disparities in height between boys and girls of the same age have consistently existed, however, the dissimilarity in weight tends to diminish as they grow older. Boys and girls of identical age groups exhibit noteworthy disparities in terms of speed, agility, and jumping prowess. These disparities tend to amplify as they advance in age. Significant differences were observed among boys of different ages in Height (p = 0.038), Body Mass (p = 0.02), BMI (p = 0.025), sit and reach test (p = 0.035), standing long jump (p = 0.012), standing triple jump (p < 0.01), forward overhead medicine ball throw (p = 0.002) and the hexagon agility test (p < 0.01). No differences were found in anthropometric measurements among girls, but differences were found in the hexagon agility test (p = 0.017) and plank test (p = 0.041). Specific throwing strength exhibits variations due to differences in events, age, and gender. Additionally, physical fitness performance, especially lower limb power, linear sprint speed, forward overhead medicine ball throw and backward overhead shot throw, have a high correlation with specific throwing strength. Conclusions: These findings broaden the existing knowledge base for coaches and practitioners, enabling them to discern the distinctive attributes of track and field throwers and capture the crucial physical markers that are pivotal for nurturing the progression of track-and-field throwers. The study suggests that throwers aged 14 to 18 should strive to comprehensively cultivate their athletic abilities.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47967148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Anti-Muscle Atrophy Effects of Ishige sinicola in LPS-Induced C2C12 Myotubes through Its Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Actions","authors":"Mi-Bo Kim, Hyeju Lee, Chaehyeon Lee, Yuqing Tan, Sang Gil Lee","doi":"10.3390/app131810115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810115","url":null,"abstract":"Inflammation and oxidative stress are known to be major factors in muscle atrophy. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the antioxidant activity of Ishige sinicola ethanol extract (ISE) and fractions from ISE could prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotubes. IS was extracted with ethanol and fractionated with five organic solvents. Then, ISE and five fractions from ISE were used to evaluate the total antioxidant activity and the protective effect of LPS-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotubes. The ISE and butanol (BuOH) fraction showed higher total antioxidant activity and higher total phenol content than other fractions of ISE. The ISE and BuOH fraction significantly attenuated the LPS-induced diameter of C2C12 myotubes as well as the mRNA and protein expression levels of the muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases. The mRNA expression of forkhead box O type 3α was stimulated by LPS, which was suppressed by the BuOH fraction but not ISE. Furthermore, ISE and the BuOH fraction significantly reduced LPS-stimulated gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammation-inducible enzymes, which was mediated by through the inhibition of the p38/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway. Thus, ISE exerts a protective effect against muscle atrophy in LPS-induced C2C12 myotubes through the antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects of ISE.","PeriodicalId":48760,"journal":{"name":"Applied Sciences-Basel","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46322707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}