Scientific Reports最新文献

{"title":"Deterministic and ANN-based modelling of measles transmission using real epidemiological data.","authors":"Kamil Shah, Changqing Du, Ali Akgül, Farad Sameer Alshammari, Sanaa Ahmed Bajri, Hamiden Abd El-Wahed Khalifa","doi":"10.1038/s41598-026-53188-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-026-53188-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to develop a nonlinear SVLIQR epidemic model to investigate measles transmission dynamics by incorporating vaccination, latency, quarantine, and treatment effects. The qualitative properties of the model, including positivity and boundedness of solutions, are established. The basic reproduction number is derived using the next-generation matrix method, and the existence of disease-free and endemic equilibrium points is examined. The local stability of the disease-free equilibrium is analysed using the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, while global stability is studied through the Castillo-Chávez approach. In addition, model parameters are estimated using the least squares method based on reported measles cases in China from 2005 to 2017. To improve the numerical approximation and capture the nonlinear dynamics of the system, an ANN-based solver coupled with the ode45 scheme is implemented. The results show that the model fits the reported data well, and the ANN framework provides highly accurate and convergent approximations under different epidemiological parameter settings. Numerical simulations further indicate that higher vaccination and quarantine rates significantly reduce measles transmission. Overall, the proposed framework provides a useful and reliable tool for understanding measles dynamics and assessing effective intervention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13578358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148978125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclosporin A triggers a RIG-I-mediated interferon response through multiple cellular processes.","authors":"Lars Meier, Martin Schauflinger, Pauline Neubecker, Dennis Freisem, Lena Gimpl, Michelle Gellhorn Serra, Helene Hoenigsperger, Benjamin Rupf, Susanne Herold, Stefan Bauer, Konstantin M J Sparrer, Stephan Becker, Lucie Sauerhering","doi":"10.1038/s41598-026-68563-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-026-68563-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of broad-spectrum antiviral agents is essential for preparedness against emerging viruses with pandemic potential. Cyclosporin A (CsA), a clinically approved immunosuppressant, has been shown to exert antiviral activity against a wide range of viruses. Recent evidence suggests that this effect is partially mediated through the induction of interferon lambda (IFN-λ), which in turn stimulates a set of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) that establish an antiviral cellular state. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying IFN-λ induction by CsA have remained poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that CsA triggers a retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-dependent activation of the IFN-λ/ISG signaling axis. This is accompanied by the upregulation of mitochondrial double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Importantly, we show that CsA causes pronounced alterations in the mitochondrial cristae network. CsA also impairs autophagy, as evidenced by reduced autophagosomal membrane formation and increased levels of the autophagy marker p62. Supporting a functional link, treatment with the autophagy inducer Torin-1 reverses CsA-induced dsRNA accumulation, IFN-λ expression and ISG transcription. Together, our data indicate that the antiviral activity of CsA is partially driven by converging cellular processes involving mitochondrial remodeling, dsRNA accumulation, and impaired autophagy, which collectively activate the RIG-I/IFN-λ/ISG axis, offering mechanistic insights with therapeutic implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13578290/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148977975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Returning an extirpated native carnivore to its former range: a habitat suitability analysis of Kangaroo Island for spotted-tailed quolls (Dasyurus maculatus).","authors":"Mia Retallack, Bertram Ostendorf, Bronwyn Fancourt, David Peacock","doi":"10.1038/s41598-026-56577-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-026-56577-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Native predators have declined significantly in range and abundance globally. In Australia, the spotted-tailed quoll's (Dasyurus maculatus) range has contracted by up to 30% since Europeans arrived in the late 1700s, with its extirpation from Kangaroo Island sometime after 1837. A feral cat eradication program is currently underway on Kangaroo Island which, if successful, will leave a vacant predator niche. The spotted-tailed quoll has been proposed as the most suitable species to reoccupy this niche, however following its local extirpation, over 50% of the island's vegetation was cleared, mostly during the 1940s-50s, resulting in uncertainty about the current habitat suitability for spotted-tailed quolls. We used MaxEnt and fuzzy modelling to determine if Kangaroo Island in its current state is suitable for reintroduction of the spotted-tailed quoll. MaxEnt modelling suggested that mean annual rainfall and temperature, and soil clay and sand percentage have the greatest influence on habitat suitability. Fuzzy modelling identified distinct patterns of potential den site availability, with > 50% of Kangaroo Island providing habitat containing a suitably large proportion of den sites. Cape Gantheaume, south and south-western Dudley Peninsula and large areas of western Kangaroo Island support the highest habitat suitability and could be suitable initial reintroduction sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13578372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148977855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting missed alerts in detection dogs.","authors":"Jörg Schultz, Liza Rothkoff, Edgar O Aviles-Rosa, Nathaniel J Hall, Michele N Maughan","doi":"10.1038/s41598-026-71367-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-026-71367-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Detection dogs are widely used in tasks ranging from explosives detection to medical diagnostics. Yet even well-trained dogs occasionally fail to indicate target odors. Such missed alerts can have severe operational consequences. Here we show that missed alerts are preceded by measurable changes in the dog's behavioral and physiological state. Using a controlled olfacto-treadmill system with precisely timed odor presentation, we analyzed movement dynamics and physiological signals during the seconds preceding each trial. A machine learning model trained on pre-odor movement patterns predicted subsequent missed indications with above-chance accuracy (AUC = 0.81). Adding heart rate, short-term variation in the intervals between heartbeats, and core body temperature to the model increased the identification of missed alerts from 77 to 85%. As these signals emerged seconds before odor exposure, they may reflect variation in a broader performance state rather than isolated trial-specific events. Combining predictions across consecutive trials thus provided a running estimate of miss risk across the session. Together, these findings suggest that detection performance reflects a dynamic biological process and provide a foundation for anticipatory monitoring of working dog readiness.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13578711/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148977859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-cost IoT real-time environmental monitoring and one-hour LSTM forecasting for small-scale agricultural applications.","authors":"Ganna H Hebishy, Ahmed K Hassan, Samaa F Osman, Mohamed S Saraya","doi":"10.1038/s41598-026-69489-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-026-69489-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Standard equipment is too expensive and complex, frequently limiting continuous environmental monitoring in small-scale farming. To overcome this, a low-cost seven-channel IoT monitoring and forecasting system was developed and deployed, utilizing an Arduino Uno R3 and ESP8266 NodeMCU Wi-Fi module. The system acquired temperature, humidity, precipitation, soil moisture, methane, carbon monoxide, and air quality, transmitting data to the ThingSpeak cloud platform at an average interval of approximately one minute. The DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor carries a manufacturer-rated accuracy of ± 0.5 °C and ± 2-5% RH; the remaining sensors report uncalibrated raw output, as no reference-instrument validation was performed. The device was deployed for 21 days at a residential garden site in the Nile Delta region of Egypt. A total of 30,981 of 31,460 exported observations, 98.48% of the exported record were retained after the application of the preprocessing pipeline, which consisted of time-aware interpolation and Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF)-guided stationarity conditioning. A 70/15/15 chronological train/validation/test split was used to prevent temporal leakage. The analysis revealed distinct environmental patterns, including a rising trend of 0.296 °C/day, an anti-phase coupling between temperature and humidity, and an increase in raw gas sensor output overnight. To make use of this data for predictive insights, seven different univariate LSTM models were trained to forecast one hour ahead. When evaluated against persistence and seasonal-naive baselines on the same test set, the LSTM held a modest edge over persistence for methane (Mean Absolute Percentage Error, MAPE: 0.81%) and air quality (MAPE: 0.31%), while a simple persistence forecast matched or outperformed the LSTM for the remaining five channels. This field deployment demonstrates the technical feasibility of pairing affordable hardware with deep learning forecasting for continuous environmental monitoring, providing a foundation for future irrigation-support applications in resource-constrained settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13578431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148977914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Habit-formation strategies enhance long-term outcomes of a self-compassionate touch micropractice: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Eli S Susman, Serena Chen, Dacher Keltner, Allison G Harvey","doi":"10.1038/s41598-026-63457-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-026-63457-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This preregistered study tested a 15-minute, self-guided, online, single-session intervention designed to promote habit formation of self-compassionate touch micropractice (≤ 20 s/day). A U.S. national adult sample (N = 497) was randomized to self-compassionate touch with habit formation tools (SCT+HABITS) or self-compassionate touch alone (SCT)-and assessed at baseline, month-3, and month-6. Relative to SCT, SCT+HABITS showed greater baseline-to-3-month and baseline-to-6-month increases in practice frequency, practice automaticity (habit formation), self-compassion, and self-compassion automaticity, as well as greater baseline-to-6-month reductions in symptoms of psychopathology (mental health symptoms). Baseline-to-3-month increases in practice automaticity mediated baseline-to-6-month effects, accounting for approximately 40-83% of the total group effects. Both interventions demonstrated high acceptability. Their outcomes did not differ by racialized identity. Findings highlight the role of habit formation in promoting positive outcomes of self-compassionate touch micropractice, and perhaps well-being practices more broadly. The scalability and adaptability of SCT+HABITS highlight a promising model for advancing efficient, effective, user-friendly interventions.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05866718, registered 23/05/2023.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13578738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148978109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transport anomalies and lattice effects in superconducting Nb-doped Bi[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text].","authors":"Yanan Li, Christian Parsons, Anand Prashant Dwivedi, William Nelson, Ryan Baumbach, Marvin A Schofield, Arneil P Reyes, Prasenjit Guptasarma","doi":"10.1038/s41598-026-63608-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-026-63608-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interplay between symmetry-breaking orders in topological materials dictates their exotic quantum states. Here, we report a combined transport, NMR, and electron diffraction study of Nb-doped Bi[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text], with doping level x ([Formula: see text]). Electron diffraction reveals superlattice features and periodic lattice distortions, accompanied by a pronounced resistivity anomaly between 150 and 200 K and NMR line broadening below this temperature, consistent with a temperature-driven lattice and electronic instability. The resistivity anomaly scales with nominal Nb concentration x and coexists with superconductivity at low temperatures. While its microscopic origin remains unresolved, our observations reveal competing possibilities, including charge ordering, structural disorder, and frozen lattice distortions, highlighting the rich interplay between structure and electronic states in this system. Our results position Nb[Formula: see text]Bi[Formula: see text]Se[Formula: see text] as a tunable platform for investigating intertwined electronic and structural phenomena in topological materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13578256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148978099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HED-ID: a federated expert system for interpretable and resource-adaptive intrusion detection on edge devices.","authors":"Kushboo Nasir, Sahar K Badri, Asad Khattak, Daniyal M Alghazzawi, Mohammed Yahya Alghamdi, Mona Alkhozae, Abeer Almakky, Rania M Alhazmi, Muhammad Zubair Asghar","doi":"10.1038/s41598-026-61336-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-026-61336-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The proliferation of edge computing in industrial and IoT networks necessitates expert systems that support accurate, interpretable, and resource-efficient intrusion detection under strict privacy and computational constraints. This paper presents HED-ID, a fully integrated federated expert system designed for real-time, edge-oriented anomaly detection. The system combines: (i) a stacked bidirectional GRU (BiGRU) architecture with hybrid temporal-spatial attention for sequential and feature-level anomaly modeling, (ii) a resource-adaptive Grey Wolf Optimizer (A-GWO) that modulates exploration-exploitation behavior based on real-time CPU utilization and Bayesian epistemic uncertainty, with formal convergence proof under bounded resource shifts (Appendix A), (iii) federated SHAP, which aggregates local explanations using weighted averaging to produce consistent global attributions without sharing raw data, (iv) a multi-objective fitness function that simultaneously considers accuracy, model complexity, and predictive uncertainty, and (v) SHAP-guided iterative pruning for reducing computational overhead while preserving model fidelity. Empirical evaluation on CICIDS-2017, UNSW-NB15, ToN-IoT, and a noisy-edge variant of ToN-IoT (10-20% controlled packet loss and jitter) demonstrates 95.6% accuracy in cloud-like conditions and 93.8% on Raspberry Pi 4 (4 GB RAM) before pruning, with inference latency maintained within 18-22 ms. Post-pruning, memory usage decreases from 92 to 115 MB to 78-96 MB, with ≤ 1.1% accuracy degradation. To support deployment, Docker orchestration templates, pruning threshold configurations, and Grafana-based monitoring are provided-reducing retraining interventions from 11 to 4 per year in a simulated 50-device edge environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13578756/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148978107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Daeshiho-tang attenuates inflammatory response and oxidative stress in LPS-stimulated macrophages by regulating TLR4/MyD88, NF-κB, MAPK, and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways.","authors":"Yong Jin Oh, Seong Eun Jin, Hyeun-Kyoo Shin, Hyekyung Ha","doi":"10.1038/s41598-026-69985-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-026-69985-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13578709/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148977971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Searching for separation between frequency-modulated calls of blue and fin whales.","authors":"Svenja Wöhle, Clea Parcerisas, Susannah Buchan, John Calambokidis, Kathleen M Stafford, Elena Schall","doi":"10.1038/s41598-026-71077-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-026-71077-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reliable differentiation of similar acoustic signals remains a major challenge for passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) of sympatric marine mammal species. Blue (Balaenoptera musculus) and fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) produce frequency-modulated (FM) downsweeping calls with overlapping frequency ranges and durations, making species attribution difficult. This study combines long-term PAM datasets with animal-borne tag recordings to investigate how these FM calls can be reliably distinguished by species. Tag recordings with confirmed species identity showed substantial overlap in most acoustic features, but the parameter Duration 90% offered partial separation: with most fin whale FM calls < 0.6 s, and blue whale FM calls > 0.7 s. Applied to high-quality calls from moored data with signal-to-noise ratios above 12 dB, this approach may provide a conservative, rule-based means of classification. A more robust approach was achieved by combining deep learning feature extraction with non-linear dimensionality reduction. Integrating confirmed ground-truth tag recordings as a reference space enabled previously unseen FM calls from long-term PAM recordings to be attributed by acoustic similarity to known calls while maintaining an explicit measure of uncertainty by leaving acoustically ambiguous calls unassigned. Together, these approaches provide a practical framework for more reliable call attribution, enhancing long-term PAM-based monitoring of blue and fin whales.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13578311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148977893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}