Scientific Reports最新文献

Reliability analysis of subsea pipeline system based on fuzzy polymorphic bayesian network.

IF 3.8 2区综合性期刊

Scientific Reports Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-92588-3

Chao Liu, Chuankun Zhou, Hongyan Wang, Shenyu Liu, Junguo Cui, Wenbo Zhao, Shichao Liu, Liping Tan, Wensheng Xiao, Yaqi Chen

{"title":"Reliability analysis of subsea pipeline system based on fuzzy polymorphic bayesian network.","authors":"Chao Liu, Chuankun Zhou, Hongyan Wang, Shenyu Liu, Junguo Cui, Wenbo Zhao, Shichao Liu, Liping Tan, Wensheng Xiao, Yaqi Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-92588-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-025-92588-3","url":null,"abstract":"Subsea pipeline system faces significant challenges in practical engineering applications, including system complexity, environmental variability, and limited historical data. These factors complicate the accurate estimation of component failure rates, leading to fault polymorphism and inherent uncertainty. To address these challenges, this study proposes a reliability analysis method based on a Fuzzy Polymorphic Bayesian Network (FPBN). The approach utilizes a multi-state fault tree to construct a polymorphic Bayesian Network (BN), integrating traditional BN techniques with the consideration of multiple failure states and fuzzy failure rates. This extension allows the network to handle uncertainties such as imprecise fault data and unclear logical relationships. The method is applied to subsea pipeline risk analysis by developing a system BN model. Through quantitative analysis, the failure probability of the system is calculated. Reverse fault diagnosis is then conducted to determine the posterior probabilities of root nodes and identify system vulnerabilities. The results demonstrate that the FPBN effectively addresses the ambiguity and uncertainty in component failure rates, providing a robust framework with practical engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"11523"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tire-road surface characteristics estimation for skid-steered wheeled vehicle.

IF 3.8 2区综合性期刊

Scientific Reports Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-96066-8

Ao Li, Xiaolin Guo, Yuzheng Zhu, Xueyuan Li, Xin Gao

{"title":"Tire-road surface characteristics estimation for skid-steered wheeled vehicle.","authors":"Ao Li, Xiaolin Guo, Yuzheng Zhu, Xueyuan Li, Xin Gao","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-96066-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-025-96066-8","url":null,"abstract":"Skid-steered wheeled vehicles have gained extensive application across multiple domains owing to their outstanding maneuverability, with the demand for intelligent features continuously growing. The achievement of such intelligence is critical to the accuracy of the control, which is significantly influenced by the stiffness of the tire and the adhesion coefficient of the road. However, current estimation methods face challenges such as inadequate precision and monolithic validation techniques. To address these issues, we propose a hybrid off-line and on-line estimation approach. Initially, a dynamic model for multi-axle vehicles and a brush-based tire model were constructed. Following this, an Extended Forgetting Factor Recursive Least Squares (EFRLS) for estimating the road adhesion coefficient, alongside an adaptive genetic algorithm (AGA) for estimating tire parameters, was developed. Ultimately, joint simulations using Tracksim and SimLink, along with real-world vehicle tests, were performed. The estimated coefficient of road adhesion was found to remain stable within the reference range, while the discrepancy between the tire stiffness values obtained from the simulation using the estimated parameters and those from the real vehicle tests was of the order of [Formula: see text].","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"11527"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An IPv6 address fast scanning method based on local domain name association.

IF 3.8 2区综合性期刊

Scientific Reports Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-95680-w

Yakai Fang, Liancheng Zhang, Luyang Li, Ce Sun, Yi Guo, Hongtao Zhang, Bin Lin, Jichang Wang, Wenhao Xia

{"title":"An IPv6 address fast scanning method based on local domain name association.","authors":"Yakai Fang, Liancheng Zhang, Luyang Li, Ce Sun, Yi Guo, Hongtao Zhang, Bin Lin, Jichang Wang, Wenhao Xia","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-95680-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-025-95680-w","url":null,"abstract":"With the increase of security issues in IPv6 networks, conducting address scanning in IPv6 networks proves beneficial for identifying potential security risks and vulnerabilities. To enhance the privacy of users' IPv6 addresses, mainstream OS (Operating System) nodes currently employ randomized interface identifiers and temporary IPv6 addresses. Additionally, since most existing IPv6 address scanning methods rely on active scanning, which makes current on-link IPv6 address scanning methods face the challenges of incomplete scan results, poor coverage across different OSs, significant impact on network performance, and the inability to promptly detect subsequently joined hosts. To this end, An IPv6 address fast scanning method based on local domain name association (FScan6), which combines active scanning and passive listening, is proposed. The active scanning module targets different OSs using distinct protocols (Browser and DNS-SD) to obtain local domain names of on-link hosts. Meanwhile, the passive listening module monitors traffic to extract local domain names of on-link hosts. Then, it employs mDNS protocol to retrieve IPv6 addresses associated with these local domain names. A typical on-link IPv6 network environment was constructed, comprising 26 versions of Windows, Apple, and Linux OSs, and FScan6 was compared with 9 IPv6 address scanning methods. The experimental results show that FScan6 outperforms existing IPv6 address scanning methods in terms of OS coverage and scanning result completeness. Specifically, regarding OS coverage, FScan6 successfully detected all IPv6 addresses across 26 different OS versions, which outperformed 9 address scanning tools and scripts by a factor of 2.89 times at most. Regarding scanning result completeness, FScan6 identified up to 54 additional IPv6 addresses at most compared to these tools and scripts. Additionally, FScan6 has a minimal impact on network performance, with the packet loss rate induced by the tool consistently remaining at 0%.","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"11524"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spherical multigrid neural operator for improving autoregressive global weather forecasting.

IF 3.8 2区综合性期刊

Scientific Reports Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-96208-y

Yifan Hu, Fukang Yin, Weimin Zhang, Kaijun Ren, Junqiang Song, Kefeng Deng, Di Zhang

{"title":"Spherical multigrid neural operator for improving autoregressive global weather forecasting.","authors":"Yifan Hu, Fukang Yin, Weimin Zhang, Kaijun Ren, Junqiang Song, Kefeng Deng, Di Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-96208-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-025-96208-y","url":null,"abstract":"Data-driven approaches for global weather forecasting have shown great potential. However, conventional architectures of these models struggle with spherical distortions, leading to unstable autoregressive forecasts. Although methods such as spherical Fourier neural operator (SFNO) based on spherical harmonic convolution can alleviate these problems, they face the challenge of high computational cost. Here, we introduce a spherical multigrid neural operator (SMgNO) that integrates spherical harmonic convolution and low resolution SFNO in the multigrid framework, effectively alleviating data distortions while requiring few computational resources. Experiments for spherical shallow water equations and medium-range global weather forecasting demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of SMgNO. For 500 hPa geopotential height with a 7 days lead time, SMgNO achieves a 9.31% and 6.83% improvement in anomaly correlation coefficient over IFS T42 and SFNO, respectively. Furthermore, SMgNO requires only 10% floating-point operations of SFNO for forward propagation and 30.90% less GPU memory than SFNO during training.","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"11522"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Refined modeling and coupled vibration analysis of the sleeper lifting device in long span bridges under temperature and train dynamics.

IF 3.8 2区综合性期刊

Scientific Reports Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-95884-0

Zhehua Zhang, Yun Zhang, Jianfeng Mao, Mansoor Khan, Kun Wang, Ling Jin, Shengqiao Xu, Zhiwu Yu

{"title":"Refined modeling and coupled vibration analysis of the sleeper lifting device in long span bridges under temperature and train dynamics.","authors":"Zhehua Zhang, Yun Zhang, Jianfeng Mao, Mansoor Khan, Kun Wang, Ling Jin, Shengqiao Xu, Zhiwu Yu","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-95884-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-025-95884-0","url":null,"abstract":"The safety and smoothness of high-speed train operations, particularly through bridge zones, are crucial for ensuring operational stability and comfort. Regions such as large-span continuous and simply supported girder bridges, specifically the beam joint regions and beam ends, pose significant challenges due to the dynamic interaction between trains, tracks, and bridges. This study develops a refined coupled model of the train-track-sleeper lifting device-bridge (TTSB) system to simulate the dynamic responses of trains passing through large-displacement sleeper-lifting device (LSD) zones. The model incorporates the effect of axial displacement changes caused by temperature variations at the bridge girder ends, which influence the spacing of fasteners. The refined modeling approach improves both the accuracy and computational efficiency of dynamic simulations. The methodology employs a numerical model to simulate train dynamics at various speeds (250-425 km/h) and fastener spacing ranges (0.35-0.85 m). The study examines key parameters, including vertical and lateral displacements, accelerations, wheel load reduction rates, and derailment coefficients. The results show that increased fastener spacing leads to significant changes in vertical and lateral displacement and acceleration (up to 45.8% for Fastener A and 43.4% for Fastener B). Additionally, the wheel load reduction rate and derailment coefficient exhibit fluctuations with varying fastener spacing, highlighting safety implications. These findings validate the model's effectiveness and offer insights for optimizing track structure design in high-speed railways, improving safety and operational stability.","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"11526"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trans pixelate substitution scheme for denoising computed tomography images towards high diagnosis accuracy.

IF 3.8 2区综合性期刊

Scientific Reports Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-95866-2

Fengjun Hu, Hanjie Gu, Fan Wu, Chahira Lhioui, Salwa Othmen, Ayman Alfahid, Amr Yousef, Paolo Mercorelli

{"title":"Trans pixelate substitution scheme for denoising computed tomography images towards high diagnosis accuracy.","authors":"Fengjun Hu, Hanjie Gu, Fan Wu, Chahira Lhioui, Salwa Othmen, Ayman Alfahid, Amr Yousef, Paolo Mercorelli","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-95866-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-025-95866-2","url":null,"abstract":"Medical images are obtained from different optical scanners and devices to provide in-body diagnosis and detection. Such scanned/acquired images are tampered with/ distorted by the unnecessary noise present in the pixel levels. A Trans-Pixelate Denoising Scheme (TPDS) is implemented to denoise these pictures to enhance the diagnosis's precision. This scheme is specific for CT images with high noise between pixelated and non-pixelated boundaries. Therefore, the boundary detected from an input CT image is suggested for a trans-pixel substitution using a two-layer neural network. The first layer is responsible for verifying the substitution-based diagnosis accuracy, and the second is identifying trans-pixels that improve accuracy. The outcome of the neural network is used to train the noisy inputs under either of the conditions to improve the diagnosis accuracy. The Proposed TPDS improves diagnosis accuracy, precision, and pixel detection by 7.3%, 8.14%, and 13.05% under different trans-pixel rates/boundaries. Under the same variant, this scheme reduces error and detection time by 11.15% and 9.03%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"11525"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A three-stage machine learning and inference approach for educational data.

IF 3.8 2区综合性期刊

Scientific Reports Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-89394-2

Ting Da

引用次数: 0

Detection of pathogens associated with acute febrile illness in children under five years of age in rural Tanzania.

IF 3.8 2区综合性期刊

Scientific Reports Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-96190-5

Athanasia Maro, AbdulHamid S Lukambagire, Blandina T Mmbaga, Jie Liu, Sixbert I Mkumbaye, Nelson Amani, Judith Njau, Reginald A Kavishe, Jean Gratz, Eric R Houpt, Jo E B Halliday

{"title":"Detection of pathogens associated with acute febrile illness in children under five years of age in rural Tanzania.","authors":"Athanasia Maro, AbdulHamid S Lukambagire, Blandina T Mmbaga, Jie Liu, Sixbert I Mkumbaye, Nelson Amani, Judith Njau, Reginald A Kavishe, Jean Gratz, Eric R Houpt, Jo E B Halliday","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-96190-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-025-96190-5","url":null,"abstract":"Acute febrile illness (AFI) investigations are crucial for public health. They can provide data on disease prevalence, morbidity, and mortality, and improve treatment, management, control, and detection of outbreaks in areas with limited diagnostic tests. Current understanding of multiple causes of AFI in the paediatric population in Tanzania is limited. This study aimed to simultaneously detect 33 pathogens using TaqMan Array Card based real-time PCR. Whole blood samples were collected from a total of 247 children (2-59 months old) who presented with febrile illness at Dareda and Haydom hospitals in north-eastern Tanzania between November 2015 and March 2016. Overall, 50 (20.2%) and 8 (3.2%) of 247 children had at least one and more than one pathogen detected respectively. Bacterial zoonoses were frequently detected including Brucella spp. (n = 18, 7.3%), C. burnetii (n = 4, 1.6%), Bartonella spp. (n = 3, 1.2%), Rickettsia spp. (n = 3, 1.2%) and Leptospira spp. (n = 1, 0.4%). Dengue virus was detected in 14 (5.7%) individuals and Plasmodium spp. in 12 (4.9%) individuals. These findings reveal the potential clinical importance of zoonoses and arboviruses in febrile children in Tanzania and highlight the need to consider a broad range of pathogens in febrile illness diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"11520"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental study on flexural behavior of bonded steel-concrete composite beams.

IF 3.8 2区综合性期刊

Scientific Reports Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-94906-1

Junhu Shao, Haijun Jiang, Lei Zhang, Wenfeng Huang, Tingmin Mou, Yuehan Sun

{"title":"Experimental study on flexural behavior of bonded steel-concrete composite beams.","authors":"Junhu Shao, Haijun Jiang, Lei Zhang, Wenfeng Huang, Tingmin Mou, Yuehan Sun","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-94906-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94906-1","url":null,"abstract":"To address the limitations of mechanical shear connectors, adhesives are used in this research as shear connectors of steel-concrete composite beams (SCCBs). Several groups of bending tests were conducted to compare the flexural behavior of bonded and mechanical SCCBs. Moreover, the results show that the failure modes of the bonded SCCBs mainly include yielding of the bottom flange of the I-beam and the cracking of the concrete bottom surface, local detachment between the two bonding surfaces and the crushing of the concrete slab at the top surface. The rigidity of the bonded SCCB is higher than that of the mechanical one. In addition, the ultimate load of the bonded SCCB connected by 6 mm thick epoxy resin is the highest, which is about 16.8% higher than that of mechanical one. Furthermore, increasing the adhesive layer's thickness can improve the adhesive performance to a certain extent. Thus, it is suggested that the adhesive thickness should exceed 4 mm, and 6 mm is the optimal. In addition, as local detachment of the adhesive layer occurred in this test, further research can be carried out to avoid such damage.","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"11451"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shear wave velocity structure at King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, derived from MASW and microtremor arrays.

IF 3.8 2区综合性期刊

Scientific Reports Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-90894-4

Kamal Abdelrahman

{"title":"Shear wave velocity structure at King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, derived from MASW and microtremor arrays.","authors":"Kamal Abdelrahman","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-90894-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90894-4","url":null,"abstract":"Shear wave velocity (Vs) is an essential parameter for soil strength and mechanical properties of rocks. Twenty profiles of multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW), five microtremor measurements, and two geotechnical boreholes have been conducted at the King Saud University site. According to the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program classification, the results indicated three distinct layers. The first layer is comprised of silty sand with gravel and thickness ranges of 4-14 m of shear wave velocity (Vs) from 400 to 760 m/s, indicating site C class; the second layer features highly weathered limestone where Vs varies between 760 and 1500 m/s refers B class, while the third layer consists of compact/massive limestone where Vs varies from 1500 to 3500 m/s representing site A class. The bedrock varies in depth from south to north, showing the shallowest depth in the central zone. Moreover, the estimated shear wave velocity and bedrock depth from microtremor measurements agree with MASW results. These results specified distinct weak zones at depths ranging from 2 to 25 m through the study area, emphasizing potential geotechnical concerns associated with these weak zones. Integrating shear wave velocity and microtremor measurements is crucial for advancing sustainable urban development by providing more informed design choices considering local soil conditions. This highlights the significance of geophysical techniques in supporting sustainable development initiatives.","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"11497"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143781161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0