Scientific Reports最新文献

{"title":"Inhibition of the complement component C5 and the Toll-like receptor molecule CD14 prevents systemic and local kidney inflammation in mice experiencing brain death.","authors":"Tom E Mollnes, Neeltina M Jager, Petra J Ottens, Camilla Schjalm, Zwanida J Veldhuis, Henri G D Leuvenink, Søren E Pischke","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-12071-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12071-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain death (BD) induces a systemic inflammation impairing donor organ quality. Complement and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), with the key co-receptor CD14 molecule, are key innate recognition immune systems. We hypothesized that dual inhibition of complement (C5) and TLRs (CD14) will prevent BD-mediated innate immune inflammation. BD was induced in mice either untreated, treated with a C5 inhibitor, a CD14 inhibitor, or both. Blood and kidneys were collected after three hours. Cytokines were analyzed using enzyme-immuno assays and qPCR. In plasma, a substantial increase in interleukin-6 (IL-6), KC (IL-8 analogue), IL-12, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein MIP-1α, MIP-1β, eotaxin, RANTES and G-CSF (median 90-fold increase) were observed in BD animals compared to sham (all p < 0.01). In kidneys, BD substantially induced IL-6, KC, TNF, MCP-1, P-Selectin, and VCAM-1 (all p < 0.01). In plasma, C5 and CD14 inhibition, either single or in combination, virtually abolished all cytokines in the BD animals (> 90% for six cytokines and 70-90% for three) (all p < 0.01). In kidneys, the effect of inhibition was similar (> 90% for IL-6 and KC and 60-80% for TNF and MCP-1 (all p < 0.01). Single and combined inhibition of C5 and CD14 efficiently prevented BD-induced systemic inflammation and reduced local kidney inflammation in a mouse model.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"27018"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nighttime sleep duration and dual management of blood pressure and glycemia in Chinese with comorbid hypertension and diabetes.","authors":"Binglin Chen, Haifeng Xu, Yan Shi, Minna Cheng, Jia Chen, Xuyan Su, Haiying Tang, Danying Pan, Qinghua Yan","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-12567-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-025-12567-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To characterize the associations between nighttime sleep duration and control of blood pressure (BP) and glycemia in individuals with comorbid hypertension and diabetes, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 2794 participants aged ≥ 50 years with confirmed diabetes and hypertension. Participants were categorized into five self-reported nighttime sleep duration groups: < 6 h, 6-7 h, 7-8 h, 8-9 h, and > 9 h. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between sleep duration and BP/glycemic control, with adjustment for demographic, clinical, and behavioral confounders. We observed that prolonged sleep duration (> 9 h) was independently associated with uncontrolled BP after confounder adjustment. Subgroup analyses revealed that short sleep duration (< 6 h and 6-7 h) was linked to uncontrolled BP among males, whereas prolonged sleep duration was associated with uncontrolled BP among females, participants under 65 years, those with regular medication adherence, and non-nappers. For glycemic control, prolonged sleep duration conferred a protective effect among normal-weight individuals, but this association was not evident in the overall sample. Our results suggested that BP regulation may play a dominant role in competitive metabolic regulation demands compared to glycemic regulation. We recommended that individualized interventions aimed at modifying the habitual sleep duration of patients with comorbidities may be a crucial strategy to enhance BP and blood glucose management.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"27017"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theory and simulation of far field diffraction patterns in Talbot-based transient grating spectroscopy at X-ray free electron lasers.","authors":"Andrii Goloborodko, Carles Serrat, Cristian Svetina","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-11515-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-025-11515-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recent extension of transient grating (TG) spectroscopy to the X-ray regime at X-ray free electron lasers (XFEL) facilities has opened new possibilities for studying ultrafast dynamics and nanoscale transport. Recent experiments have employed the Talbot effect to generate excitation gratings in the hard X-rays, e.g., at 7 keV, using X-ray phase masks, enabling simplified, collinear TG setups with only two beams. Despite promising experimental progress, a comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding far-field diffraction patterns in Talbot-based X-ray TG is still lacking. In this work, we present a detailed theoretical study of stationary far-field diffraction patterns in TG spectroscopy using the Talbot effect, providing essential insights for interpreting and optimizing recent XFEL experiments. We systematically investigate: (1) the influence of the sample material properties such as, index of refraction and thickness, and beam intensity, included in the phase effectivity parameter causing broadening of the spatial spectrum; (2) the role of wavefront curvature in modulating diffraction regimes; (3) the effect of sample position on far-field patterns; (4) the emergence of heterodyne effects due to phase shifts across diffraction orders; and (5) the impact of using two different wavelengths for pump and probe beams and analyzing the effect of their relative intensities. Our analysis focuses on static spatial properties rather than dynamical transients, offering a foundation for precise material characterization and nonlinear spectroscopy. Simulations are performed using parameter values representative of XFEL conditions, including hard X-ray wavelengths and sub-micrometer grating periods. The results highlight how phase effectivity, beam parameters, and sample placement govern the formation of non-trivial diffraction patterns, providing critical guidance for future X-ray TG experiments. The model focuses on nonlinear phase effects at hard X-ray energies, which are generally very weak and become relevant only at high intensities. This study delivers the first systematic theoretical framework for Talbot-based TG spectroscopy, bridging a vital gap in understanding far-field diffraction effects in cutting-edge XFEL applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"27021"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The origin of modern North Africans as depicted by a massive survey of mitogenomes.","authors":"Giulia Colombo, Elisabetta Moroni, Alessandro Raveane, Nicola Rambaldi Migliore, Vincenzo Agostini, Rosalinda Di Gerlando, Claudio Fiorini, Leonardo Caporali, Francesca Gandini, Elena Raimondi, Eugenia D'Atanasio, Hovirag Lancioni, Valerio Carelli, Maria Pala, Beniamino Trombetta, Andrea Novelletto, Jean-Michel Dugoujon, Alessandro Achilli, Antonio Torroni, Martin B Richards, Fulvio Cruciani, Ornella Semino, Anna Olivieri","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-12209-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12209-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>North Africa occupies a unique geographical position in the Mediterranean basin. The genetic profile of modern North African populations is the result of ancient and recent movements of people and periods of isolation. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive mitogenome analysis based on unbiased population sampling from across North Africa including a dataset of 733 modern (238 of which new) and 43 ancient mitogenomes from Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt, compared with modern mitogenomes from Eurasia and sub-Saharan Africa. Our analyses, based on a phylogeographic and demographic approach suggest that mitogenome variability in North African populations (i) can be traced back to three main origins - Eurasia, North Africa and sub-Saharan Africa - and (ii) has been defined during crucial key time periods - from the Palaeolithic to the last millennia. In particular, we identified a signal for population movements from sub-Saharan Africa to North Africa during the favourable climatic period of the Green Sahara, providing evidence from complete mitogenomes that the human dispersals associated with this period also involved females.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"27025"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic profiles impacted by brief mindfulness intervention with contributions to improved health.","authors":"Yi-Yuan Tang, Jeffrey S Patterson, Rongxiang Tang, Jinhua Chi, Ngoc Bao Phuong Ho, Dorothy D Sears, Haiwei Gu","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-12067-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12067-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mounting evidence indicates that mindfulness-based interventions improve physical and mental health. However, whether brief mindfulness intervention supports health benefits by regulating metabolic profiles is poorly understood. To address this gap, this randomized controlled trial compared ten 1-hour sessions of integrative body-mind training (IBMT) with relaxation training (RT) in 42 participants. Untargeted metabolomics was performed on fasting serum samples to investigate the physiological effects of the interventions on metabolic profiles. After IBMT, significant increases were observed in glycine derivatives, glutamate, and tetrahexosylceramide, while multiple sulfur containing compounds decreased. In contrast, RT yielded no significant intervention effects. A direct comparison between IBMT and RT revealed significant group differences in the levels of glycine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphoglycerol, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin derivatives, and α-linolenic acid. Further, pathway and enrichment analyses confirmed the effects of IBMT on amino acid and lipid metabolism with significant alterations to sphingolipid, α-linolenic acid, and linoleic acid metabolism as well as histidine and pyruvate metabolism. These findings suggest that IBMT can reprogram key metabolic pathways. In conclusion, this study offers insights into how a brief mindfulness intervention modulates metabolic profiles and highlights the potential of mindfulness-based interventions to promote health through metabolic regulation. These findings may guide the development of future mindfulness-based health promotion strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"27022"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular diversity of dissolved organic matter reflects macroecological patterns in river networks.","authors":"Erika C Freeman, Maruti K Mudunuru, Kelli L Feeser, Emily Ann McClure, Ricardo González-Pinzón, Christopher S Ward, Eric M Bottos, Stefan Krause, Jasquelin Peña, Michelle E Newcomer","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-12835-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12835-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Deciphering dissolved organic matter (DOM) molecular complexity is crucial for understanding ecosystem function. Using the continental-scale Worldwide Hydrobiogeochemistry Observation Network for Dynamic Rivers Systems (WHONDRS) Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS) dataset, we reveal fundamental scaling patterns of DOM chemodiversity with watershed characteristics. Analysis of 54 river sites shows local and regional watershed features significantly influence DOM chemodiversity (2500-8718 unique formulae), exhibiting consistent scaling patterns across compound classes and a novel latitudinal gradient (decreasing diversity with increasing latitude). Scaling relationships for DOM composition vary by compound class. Crucially, the scaling parameters (B, baseline chemodiversity; Z, sensitivity) are linearly interrelated. This B-Z relationship is most robust for potentially bio-labile carbohydrates (coefficient of determination R² ≈ 0.85), diminishing for recalcitrant, plant-derived molecules (such as lignin), and indicates (potential) biolability-dependent coupling between baseline diversity and environmental responsiveness. These quantitative scaling relationships, with scaling exponents ranging from - 2.1 to 2.2 across compound classes, enable prediction of DOM composition across watersheds, offering a framework to understand ecosystem responses to environmental change. This research bridges biogeochemistry and ecology, providing tools to anticipate molecular transformations across scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"27019"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fecal metabolome and microbiome are altered in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy compared to healthy dogs.","authors":"Fien Verdoodt, Myriam Hesta, Evy Goossens, Filip Van Immerseel, Jenifer Molina, Luc Van Ham, Lynn Vanhaecke, Lieselot Y Hemeryck, Sofie F M Bhatti","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-09919-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09919-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Idiopathic epilepsy (IE) is the most common chronic neurological disease in dogs, and a natural animal model for human epilepsy types with genetic and unknown etiology. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) is a promising target for improving brain health in individuals where brain function is hampered. It's role in the pathophysiology of epilepsy remains however unclear. We aimed to identify differences in fecal metabolome and microbiome between healthy and dogs with IE. To this purpose, fecal samples of healthy (n = 39) and dogs with IE (n = 49) were metabolically profiled (n = 148 metabolites) and fingerprinted (n = 3690 features) using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, and the bacterial phylogeny examined using 16 S rRNA sequencing. Dogs with IE were categorized as drug-resistant (DR) (n = 27) or mild phenotype (MP) (n = 22). In dogs with DR IE compared to healthy, fecal metabolites such as histamine (P = 0.022) and microbiome genera such as Escherichia-Shigella (P = 0.021) increased, associated with a proinflammatory environment. In dogs with MP IE compared to healthy, alterations associated with anti-inflammatory properties, such as increased fecal serotonin (P = 0.034) and Blautia hominis (P = 0.012) were revealed. Overall, a role for the MGBA communication in canine IE was established.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"27024"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined exposure to three heavy metals and the risk of age-related macular degeneration in the Korean population.","authors":"Soonsu Shin, Jae-Hong Ryoo","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-12671-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-025-12671-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxicological and histological evidence suggests that heavy metals accumulate in the retina, implicating their potential role in the development of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). However, most prior epidemiologic studies have focused on individual metal exposures, overlooking possible joint effects. This study assessed the association between co-exposure to lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and cadmium (Cd) and AMD risk among Korean adults using 2008-2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. A total of 4818 participants aged 40 years or older were included. Logistic regression models evaluated single-metal associations, while quantile g-computation and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) assessed mixture effects. Participants in the third quartile of Pb had significantly higher odds of AMD (adjusted OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.07-2.88) than those in the lowest quartile. Quantile g-computation showed that a one-quartile increase in the metal mixture was associated with elevated AMD risk (adjusted OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.02-1.41). BKMR confirmed that the heavy metal mixture increased the risk of AMD, with Pb being the primary contributor in smokers and Cd in non-smokers. Our findings indicate that co-exposure to heavy metals elevates AMD risk and that the predominant contributing metal may differ depending on smoking status.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"27016"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigations of microthermal actuator employing the amplification theory for achieving competitive performance.","authors":"Mohamed Abdelsalam Mansour, Mustafa M Elsayed, Alaa M Ali, Abdelrahman Toraya, Noha Gaber","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-11763-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41598-025-11763-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The past decade has seen the rapid development of microthermal actuators designs; this is due to their wide usage in various sectors such as biomedical applications and communication. This study presents the experimental assessment, fabrication, and numerical simulation of a novel thermal actuator device applying the amplification theory to achieve competitive overall performance. The device consists of two L-shape lever and half-bridge amplification mechanisms accompanied by microthermal actuators forming all a compliant system. The input displacement is amplified at the output by about 3.55 as a multiplication ratio. Experimental characterization has been performed over a wide voltage range reaching 15 V and achieving 19 μm actuation. Considering how the material's properties change with temperature and their effect on the simulation results has been proven critical upon comparing experimental with the numerical results. The simulation has shown consistency with experimental results only when employing temperature-dependent models up to a voltage of 12 V achieving 12.9 μm actuation, unlike assuming constant parameters which is widely used in literature that shows noticable deviation throughout characterization range. Additionally, when designing an effective micro electrothermal actuator, there are other parameters that need to be considered besides high output displacement. Therefore, the comparison with other designs has included all the main specifications that are of concern. The performance is discussed based on the main features of any thermal actuator: displacement, temperature, area, and applied voltage, all combined in a performance evaluation index (PEI). The importance of this index is that it evaluates the overall effectivness of a thermal actuator, whereas one can have excellent performance for one of aforementioned features at the expense of the others, which may degrade the total assessment. Our device shows the highest value of this index of 0.0021 μm/mm²/K/V at applied voltage of 10 V mapping to the lowest temperature profile at 617.5 K and smallest area among its credible counterparts.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"27023"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gravitation-biased ion migration in aqueous solutions.","authors":"Jooyoung Im, J Carlos Santamarina","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-12089-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12089-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gravity-biased drift of hydrated ions is assumed negligible and therefore disregarded in analysis and design. In this study, we reassess the impact of gravity on hydrated ion migration in aqueous solutions by subjecting six chloride salt solutions to controlled centrifugal acceleration across varying flight durations. The resulting data show that ion migration depends on both g-level and duration, providing clear evidence of gravitational bias. Based on the measured mobilities, gravity-induced effects should not be overlooked in systems extending over several meters or operating on century-long timescales. Recognizing gravity-driven migration has the potential to shift design paradigms, from industrial processes to the geological storage of nuclear waste.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"27026"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}