Scientific Reports最新文献

{"title":"Overview of systematic reviews on behavioral determinants of physical activity and healthy eating in schoolchildren.","authors":"Giuliano Duarte Anselmi, Adriana Aparecida de Oliveira Barbosa, Gerson Ferrari, Anna Christina Pinheiro Fernandes, Jacqueline Araneda-Flores, Danáe Arancibia González, Tito Pizarro-Quevedo","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-19332-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-19332-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Childhood obesity and poor dietary habits represent significant public health challenges globally. Schools provide a crucial environment for interventions promoting physical activity and healthy eating behaviors due to their extensive reach and influential role in child development. This overview aims to synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of school-based interventions promoting physical activity and healthy eating behaviors among school-aged children, examining the role of behavior change techniques (BCTs) and behavioral determinants influencing their success. This study is an overview of systematic reviews and follows the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions as well as the PRIOR (Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Reviews) statement. A literature searches until September 30, 2024, was performed in four electronic databases for this Overview: Cochrane database of systematic reviews, MEDLINE via PubMed, Epistemonikos, and PsycINFO. No language restrictions were imposed. Data were included and extracted from all systematic reviews evaluating interventions implemented in school settings targeting physical activity, healthy eating, or both, in children aged 6-11 years. Two reviewers independently screened the identified articles and extracted data related to the study characteristics, intervention components, behavioral outcomes (e.g., moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, dietary quality), cognitive outcomes (e.g., self-efficacy, knowledge, attitudes), and biological outcomes (e.g., BMI, waist circumference), classifying BCTs using standardized classifications whenever available. The AMSTAR-2 tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. Six systematic reviews, encompassing over 230,000 participants, were included. Multicomponent interventions combining physical activity, dietary education, cognitive strategies, and environmental modifications demonstrated consistent positive outcomes. Effective BCTs frequently identified included goal setting, self-monitoring, restructuring the physical environment, and providing feedback on behavior, especially via digital platforms. While significant improvements were consistently noted in behavioral outcomes such as increased physical activity and improved dietary habits, evidence regarding cognitive and biological outcomes like BMI reduction was moderate yet favorable. Methodological quality varied, with most reviews rated critically low, except for one high-quality Cochrane review. School-based interventions integrating multiple BCTs, particularly goal setting, self-monitoring, feedback, and environmental restructuring, are effective in promoting physical activity and healthy eating among school-aged children. Future interventions should emphasize long-term sustainability, technological integration, and address existing methodological limitations to enhance effectiveness and generalizability. Systematic review registration Registered in","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"35379"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New flexible bidirectional converter for electric vehicle substations connecting microgrids.","authors":"Nguyen The Vinh, Van-Thang Nguyen, Nguyen Van Dung, Hong-Son Vu","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-19277-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-19277-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper proposes a flexible and energy-efficient power conversion system capable of bidirectional energy flow between AC and DC microgrids, as well as electric vehicles (EVs). The converter is designed by integrating fundamental DC/DC topologies-namely Push-Pull and Half-Bridge converters-with a multi-level DC/AC inverter. It supports multiple operating modes, enabling seamless integration of both fixed and mobile EV charging stations through dedicated DC/DC charging interfaces tailored to various system configurations. A hierarchical multi-agent control strategy is employed, with clearly defined roles for each converter control component to enable coordinated operation across diverse use cases. Simulation results conducted in MATLAB demonstrate a high power factor of up to 96.5% during both EV charging and discharging processes to the interconnected microgrids. The system accommodates EV input voltages ranging from 350 to 1500 VDC and currents from 15 to 45 A, covering a wide range of medium to fast charging levels. The optimal switching frequency is determined through a detailed power loss analysis across input and output stages. The proposed converter offers a compact design, supports a wide range of voltage levels with low battery-side ripple, and ensures efficient bidirectional energy conversion between various grids.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"35391"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of selected Ghanaian herbal antimalarials against laboratory strains and clinical isolates of Plasmodium falciparum.","authors":"Silas N Yeboah, Mina Ansong, Deborah Clotworthy, Priscilla E Domie, Jersley D Chirawurah, Collins K Awiaga, Charles Mensah, Mona-Liza E Sakyi, Edem Adika, Collins M Morang'a, Gordon A Awandare, Yaw Aniweh, Lucas N Amenga-Etego","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-19429-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-19429-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The recurrent emergence of drug-resistant Plasmodium parasites threatens malaria control and elimination strategies. In Ghana, there is a growing traditional medicine (TM) sector to support health delivery. In particular, the popularity of these alternative herbal malaria treatments is rapidly growing due to easy access, low cost, and perceived benefits. Some of these herbal malaria medicines are indicated to contain compounds that are in the same chemical classes as standard ACT partner drugs (e.g., quinolines). Thus, this study sought to evaluate the efficacy of selected antimalarial herbal drugs against Plasmodium falciparum parasites. In the study, twenty commercially available liquid formulations of antimalarial herbal medicines were obtained from drug stores and pharmacies within Madina, Accra, Ghana. The formulations were lyophilized and reconstituted into 50 mg/ml stock solutions. Following this, in vitro growth inhibition assays were used to assess the anti-plasmodial activity of these formulations against five laboratory strains and two clinical isolates of P. falciparum. The data from this study shows that of the 20 herbal products tested, 30.0% (n = 6) had potent activity across the six parasite strains screened with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of less than 50 ug/ml. In total, 3 of the 6 potent formulations were observed to exert their anti-plasmodial activity at the trophozoite stage whilst the rest showed varied activity in the various intraerythrocytic stages. These data highlight a couple of issues that have broad public health implications. (1) majority of herbal preparations tested showed poor anti-plasmodial activity, (2) the current study also highlights the need to strengthen the regulatory role in the efficacy testing and quality monitoring of TMs in Ghana.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"35368"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of clayey soil hardpan layers in turbid plumes from water flow.","authors":"Yan-Zhao Yuan, Zhongye Zhu, Chao Zheng, Yuxuan Zheng, Hongyin Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-04080-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04080-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the formation mechanism of hardpan layers in liquefied silty soils, this study simulates external physical disturbances using a controllable rotating wheel and observes the internal flow field evolution through Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experiments. The objectives are to analyze the flow field structure, soil microstructure, and basic geotechnical parameters under varying disturbance intensities. Results show the emergence of two distinct flow velocity centers during liquefaction: Center A, where upward seepage drives fine particles from the bottom, and Center B, associated with high pore pressure beneath the disturbance source-both critical to soil skeleton rearrangement and liquefaction. Microscopic imaging (500×) and index tests reveal that increasing disturbance intensity leads to skeleton coarsening, directional rearrangement, and compaction of deeper layers. These findings clarify the liquefaction-seepage mechanism driving hardpan formation and provide insight into microstructural evolution under hydrodynamic disturbance.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"35245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wet wipes from Citrus limon sanitizer and banana fiber nonwovens.","authors":"Kamalha Edwin, Kanene Levi Brian, Musinguzi Alex","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-19396-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-19396-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Whereas sanitizing wipes are among the strategies for combatting COVID-19, there are growing concerns concerning their disposal, due to majority of them being made of non-biodegradable fibres. Additionally, majority of the sanitizing solutions used are associated with irritations and some are carcinogenic. In this study, banana wipes, impregnated with an organic antimicrobial formulation were developed to counter the unbiodegradable wipes made of synthetic fibres and impregnated with toxic antimicrobial formulations. A spunlaced non-woven fabric made from 100% banana fibres was impregnated with a commercial formulation containing essential oils from lemon, eucalyptus, cedar and orange. The impregnated banana fabric wipe exhibited antimicrobial activity against all tested bacterial strains, including Escherichia coli (both ATCC 25,922 and the wild strain), Staphylococcus aureus (both ATCC 25,923 and the wild strain), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (both ATCC 27,853 and the wild strain), with inhibition zones ranging from 10.00 ± 1.00 mm to 13.67 ± 1.16 mm, compared to the standard 14.00 mm. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the fabric showed that the tensile strength in the wet state increased by 4.29% and 20.41% in both the machine and cross directions respectively. Given that synthetic fibres are used in wipes to achieve a high wet tensile strength since most cellulosic fibres become weaker and disintegrate when wet, it can be concluded that banana fibres can be effectively used in wipes application given that they are biodegradable and are stronger when wet.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"35387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative performance analysis of fully homomorphic and attribute-based encryption schemes.","authors":"Kirti Dinkar More, Dhanya Pramod","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-19404-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-19404-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To integrate Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) and Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) within the NS-2 simulation environment, we propose a novel simulation model called FHE and ABE with Fast Exponentiation Optimization (FA-FEO) for smart city environment monitoring. This model evaluates important performance metrics like throughput, latency, memory utilization, power consumption, etc. With networked sensors and devices, the IoT enables efficient data collection and monitoring, but challenges like safe data transfer with energy constraints, and privacy preservation remain crucial. To provide strong data security and privacy while permitting smooth communication across decentralized IoT networks, our approach (FA-FEO) places a strong emphasis on the employment of FHE and ABE. A study of the performance of IoT network communication under basic implementation of FHE, two types of ABE like Ciphertext-policy ABE (CP-ABE) and Key-policy ABE (KP-ABE), and a BASE encryption indicates the significance of both ABE and FHE for practical smart city applications. The proposed model has been evaluated in detail using simulations for smart city environment monitoring scenarios and the results show that it is possible to deal with the overhead caused by FHE and ABE, guaranteeing safe and efficient energy-efficient solutions for scenarios such as environmental monitoring in smart cities.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"35323"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145258959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bayesian deep reinforcement learning for uncertainty quantification and adaptive support optimization in deep foundation pit engineering.","authors":"Weiming Gu","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-19002-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-19002-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study develops a novel framework integrating Bayesian inference with deep reinforcement learning for uncertainty quantification and adaptive support optimization in multi-physics coupled deep foundation pit systems. The methodology systematically incorporates prior knowledge and real-time monitoring observations through Markov Chain Monte Carlo updating to refine parameter estimates while employing deep reinforcement learning algorithms for autonomous support optimization. A comprehensive multi-physics coupled numerical model captures mechanical-hydraulic-thermal interdependencies with explicit coupling mechanisms and Shanghai-specific soil characterization. Validation through a representative Shanghai deep foundation pit project demonstrates superior performance with prediction accuracy (R² = 0.91), reliability quantification (coverage probability = 96.8%), and practical improvements including 35% reduction in maximum wall displacement (from 45.8 to 29.7 mm), 42% decrease in surface settlement (from 28.5 to 16.5 mm), and 18% cost savings (¥2.3 million) compared to conventional deterministic approaches. The intelligent system achieved zero safety incidents, 12% construction duration reduction, and enhanced deformation control through real-time adaptive support adjustments including optimized prestressing forces and strategic anchor installations. The research contributes essential theoretical foundations and practical tools for advancing intelligent construction practices in complex urban geotechnical engineering applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"35281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosting microparticle tracking with neuromorphic cameras by optical modulation.","authors":"José Huenchual-Escobar, Pablo Solano, J Staforelli, Esteban Vera, Jorge Tapia","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-19215-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-19215-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a robust, non-invasive strategy to optimize the detection and tracking of Brownian microparticles using event-based cameras inspired by neuromorphic vision, enhancing their functionality beyond the internal sensor settings. By introducing artificial sway into the sensor plane with a steering mirror, we significantly increase the event recording rate, thereby improving the spatiotemporal resolution of the tracked particles. From the spatial distribution of detected events, we identify the positions of isolated particles without prior knowledge of their shapes, bypassing the limitations of tracking algorithms based on particle centroids. In our experiment, we modulated the mirror at 1 kHz, achieving up to a 400-fold enhancement in temporal resolution. To test our method, we characterize the Brownian motion of a microparticle by calculating the variance of its position and estimating the diffusion coefficient of the medium at various temperatures through the mean-square displacement calculation. Using permutation entropy, we confirm that our modulation does not affect the stochastic nature of the particle movement.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"35299"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining intimate partner violence as a barrier to childhood immunization in India with focus on maternal and child factors.","authors":"Priyanka Kumari, Rahul Kumar, Rangasamy Nagarajan","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-05474-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05474-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intimate partner violence (IPV) can negatively impact the use of child health services, in addition to causing direct harm and even death to women. IPV is defined as physical, sexual, or emotional abuse and controlling behaviors by a current or former partner or spouse. Evidence points to a connection between the children of violent intimate partners and the children's vaccination status. This study aims to investigate the relationship between women's exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and childhood immunization in India. The National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) 2019-21 is used, and information from 5106 mothers of children selected from the violence module is utilized in this study. Bivariate and multivariate multilevel logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between women's exposure to IPV and the full immunization of children. To assess any moderating effect of the education of the woman, the sex of the child, and the birth order on the association between exposure to spousal IPV and full immunization, interactions were checked. The crude analysis revealed that children of mothers who experienced sexual violence (COR: 0.75; 95% CI 0.61-0.83), emotional violence (COR: 0.91, 95% CI 0.81-0.99) and any forms of violence (COR: 0.83, 95% CI 0.70-0.95) were less likely to be fully immunized than no abused women were. Moderation analysis revealed that sexual, emotional, and any form of IPV are also moderated by a secondary level of education. A significant association between any form of IPV and full immunization was found for children in second or third birth order (AOR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.52-0.84; p = 0.001). Intimate partner violence (IPV) severely impacts maternal and child health, influencing decision-making and access to healthcare services. This leads to poorer health outcomes, including lower immunization rates for children. Addressing IPV through targeted interventions is crucial for improving maternal and child well-being. Increased efforts are needed to reduce IPV prevalence and raise awareness about the importance of reproductive and child health initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"35248"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing encrypted HTTPS traffic classification based on stacked deep ensembles models.","authors":"Ahmed M Elshewey, Ahmed M Osman","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-21261-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-21261-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The classification of encrypted HTTPS traffic is a critical task for network management and security, where traditional port or payload-based methods are ineffective due to encryption and evolving traffic patterns. This study addresses the challenge using the public Kaggle dataset (145,671 flows, 88 features, six traffic categories: Download, Live Video, Music, Player, Upload, Website). An automated preprocessing pipeline is developed to detect the label column, normalize classes, perform a stratified 70/15/15 split into training, validation, and testing sets, and apply imbalance-aware weighting. Multiple deep learning architectures are benchmarked, including DNN, CNN, RNN, LSTM, and GRU, capturing different spatial and temporal patterns of traffic features. Experimental results show that CNN achieved the strongest single-model performance (Accuracy 0.9934, F1_macro 0.9912, ROC-AUC_macro 0.9999). To further improve robustness, a stacked ensemble meta-learner based on multinomial logistic regression was trained on model outputs, achieving state-of-the-art performance with Accuracy 0.9949, Precision_macro 0.9923, Recall_macro 0.9941, F1_macro 0.9932, and ROC-AUC_macro 0.9998. The framework also outputs confusion matrices, ROC curves, and learning curves for interpretability. To ensure reproducibility and practical use, the full codebase is publicly available on GitHub, providing researchers and practitioners with a deployment-ready pipeline for encrypted traffic analytics where ensemble learning surpasses individual models.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"35230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145259091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}