Scientific Reports最新文献

{"title":"An artificial intelligence model for predicting an appropriate mAs with target exposure indicator for chest digital radiography.","authors":"Jia-Ru Lin, Tai-Yuan Chen, Yu-Syuan Liang, Jyun-Jie Li, Ming-Chung Chou","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-96947-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96947-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In digital radiography, image quality is synergistically affected by anatomy-specific examinations, exposure factors, body parameters, detector types, and vendors/systems. However, estimating appropriate exposure factors before radiography with optimized image quality without overexposure or underexposure to patients is difficult. Thus, there is an unmet need to establish a model to predict appropriate mAs for optimizing image quality before radiography. This study aimed to establish a machine learning (ML) model for predicting an appropriate current-time product (mAs) using the target exposure indicator in chest digital radiography. An anthropomorphic chest phantom was used to establish a target exposure indicator which was used to define overexposure and underexposure in the human study. This study enrolled 1,000 (M/F = 915/85) subjects who underwent regular chest radiography. The chest thickness, height, weight, body mass index, mAs, and concomitant reached exposure (REX) were recorded. To construct the prediction model, the dataset was randomly separated into training (80%) and testing (20%) sets by matching their demographic characteristics. Five ML models were trained using the training set with 10-fold cross validation, and the model performance was evaluated using the testing set with correlation coefficients, root-mean-square error, and mean average error. The phantom study showed that the average REX was 355.6 which served as the target exposure indicator. In human study, the comparisons showed that the artificial neural network (ANN) model was the most suitable for predicting both REX and mAs values. The results demonstrated that, on average, the predicted mAs values were 10% lower and 8% higher than the values determined by AEC in the overexposure (REX > 355.6) and underexposure (REX < 355.6) groups, respectively. Moreover, the predicted mAs values were further reduced in all patients when lowering the target REX values. We concluded that the ML approach was feasible for building an artificial intelligence model for predicting appropriate mAs with target exposure indicator for chest digital radiography.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"11942"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying a unique chromosomal pattern to predict the gemcitabine response in patients with cholangiocarcinoma.","authors":"Sutheemon Techa-Ay, Sasithorn Watcharadetwittaya, Raksawan Deenonpoe, Prakasit Sa-Ngiamwibool, Chanita Panwoon, Watcharin Loilome, Poramate Klanrit, Anchalee Techasen, Yaovalux Chamgramol, Manida Suksawat, Napat Armartmuntree, Thomas O'Connor, Hideyuki Saya, Malinee Thanee","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-96442-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96442-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an epithelial bile duct cancer frequently found at an advanced stage, leading to poor response to current therapies. Although gemcitabine (GEM) and cisplatin (CIS) are the current gold-standard for treating unresectable CCA, GEM resistance often occurs. To predict the response to GEM, we evaluated chromosomal aberrations using a chromosome microarray, and their association with GEM response by histoculture drug response assay. Our findings revealed principal component analysis and orthogonal partial-least square discriminant analysis cross validated score plot between response and non-response groups were different. Different signature patterns of chromosomes between response and non-response groups analyzed by heatmap analysis identified 34 regions of 15 chromosomes. An increased signal in responders and a decreased signal in non-responders were found in regions 4q32.1, 5q12.3, 10q21.3, 11p11.2, 11q14.2, 16p11.2, 17q22, 21q21.3 and 22q12.3. In contrast, a high signal in non-responders and low signal in responders were seen in regions 2q37.2, 11q14.1, 16q22.3 and 16q23.3. High signal of CDH13 and TENM4 were demonstrated in GEM non-response, while a high CWC27 signal was noted in GEM response. This signature pattern could provide the knowledge to improve a predictive biomarker for GEM response, benefitting for individual CCA patient management and chemotherapeutic selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"11984"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of anti-VZV IgG levels on Parkinson's disease risk and progression: a Mendelian randomization analysis.","authors":"Jinxing Sun, Xiangchen Li, Shengmei Ma, Haopeng Lin, Zhenke Li, Junheng Jia, Yasaman Alizadeh, Qianqian Wu, Ying Hou, Hong Wang, Qi Wang, Guangjian Zhang, Xingang Li, Weiguo Li, Chao Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-96382-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96382-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research suggests a potential link between varicella zoster virus (VZV) and Parkinson's disease (PD), but the causal relationship between anti-VZV IgG levels and PD is not well understood. Using two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR), we assessed the causal impact of anti-VZV IgG levels on PD risk and progression. Our study found a significant association between higher anti-VZV IgG levels and an increased risk of PD. For PD progression, higher anti-VZV IgG levels were linked to a greater risk of constipation, insomnia, and Restless Legs. These findings remained consistent after sensitivity analyses. In conclusion, our study suggests that elevated anti-VZV IgG levels may contribute to an increased risk and progression of PD, supporting a potential causal link that warrants further mechanistic investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"11985"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic characterization of human pancreatic CD206- and CD206 + macrophages.","authors":"Alexander Jonsson, Olle Korsgren, Anders Hedin","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-96313-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96313-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Macrophages reside in all organs and participate in homeostatic- and immune regulative processes. Little is known about pancreatic macrophage gene expression. In the present study, global gene expression was characterized in human pancreatic macrophage subpopulations. CD206- and CD206 + macrophages were sorted separately from pancreatic islets and exocrine tissue to high purity using flow cytometry, followed by RNA-seq analysis. Comparing CD206- with CD206 + macrophages, CD206- showed enrichment in histones, proliferation and cell cycle regulation, glycolysis and SPP1-associated immunosuppressive polarization while CD206 + showed enrichment in complement and coagulation-, IL-10 and IL-2RA immune regulation, as well as scavenging-related gene sets. Comparing islet CD206- with exocrine CD206-, enrichments in islet samples included two sets involved in immune regulation, while enrichments in exocrine samples included sets related to extracellular matrix and immune activation. Fewer differences were found between CD206 + macrophages, with enrichments in islet samples including two IL2-RA related gene sets, while enrichments in exocrine samples included sets related to extracellular matrix and immune activation. Comparing macrophages between individuals with normoglycemia, elevated HbA1c or type 2 diabetes, only a few diverse differentially expressed genes were identified. This work characterizes global gene expression and identifies differences between CD206- and CD206 + macrophage populations within the human pancreas.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"12037"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the spatial resolution of magnetic solitons in magnetic force microscopy and the effect on their sizes.","authors":"I Castro, A Riveros, J L Palma, L Abelmann, R Tomasello, D R Rodrigues, A Giordano, G Finocchio, R A Gallardo, N Vidal-Silva","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-95584-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95584-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this work, we explored theoretically the spatial resolution of magnetic solitons and the variations of their sizes when subjected to a magnetic force microscopy (MFM) measurement. Next to tip-sample separation, we considered reversal in the magnetization direction of the tip, showing that the magnetic soliton size measurement can be strongly affected by the magnetization direction of the tip. In addition to previous studies that only consider thermal fluctuations, we developed a theoretical method to obtain the minimum observable length of a magnetic soliton and its length variation due to the influence of the MFM tip by minimizing the soliton's magnetic energy. We show that a simple spherical model for the MFM tip can capture most of the physics underlying tip-sample interactions, with the key requirement being an estimate of the magnetization field within the sample. Our model uses analytical and numerical calculations and prevents overestimating the characteristic length scales from MFM images. We compared our method with available data from MFM measurements of domain wall widths, and we performed micromagnetic simulations of a skyrmion-tip system, finding a good agreement for both attractive and repulsive domain wall profile signals and for the skyrmion diameter in the presence of the magnetic tip. In addition, the theoretically calculated frequency shift presents good qualitative agreement with experimental measurements. Our results provide significant insights for a better interpretation of MFM measurements of different magnetic solitons and will be helpful in the design of potential reading devices based on magnetic solitons as information carriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"11944"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecule subtypes play important roles for second primary malignancies development based on 324,661 breast cancer survivors.","authors":"Jin Shi, Jian Liu, Guo Tian, Daojuan Li, Di Liang, Yutong He","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-96716-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96716-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The incidence trend of breast molecule subtypes was unclear. There was not quantified risk by subtype with the second primary malignancies (SPMs) and limited evidence about the risk factors for developing SPMs in first primary breast cancer(FPBC). Data from 18 SEER registries were used to identify FPBC, which were randomly selected for training and validation sets. The SPMs information of breast cancer survivors in Hebei were also collected to compare the distribution with SEER. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed to explore the risk factors and integrated to the establishment of nomogram and risk stratification model. There was a decreased trend for TNBC, but an increased trend for Luminal A. The median survival months were 46, 46, 46 and 44 for Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2 enriched and TNBC, with the median latency time were 39, 39, 40 and 41.0 months, respecitvely, The cumulative incidence rates(CIR) of SPMs were 2.61%, 2.30%, 2.21% and 2.84%. Age at diagnosis, clinical lymph node status, radiotherapy and subtypes were independent risk factors for SPMs. A predict nomogram was established with the AUC of 0.682 and 0.679 for three- and five- year incidence risk in training set. Patients were divided into the low-risk (31.94%), intermediate-risk (51.83%) and high-risk (16.23%) groups by risk stratification model. The first common SPMs was second breast cancer in both SEER and Hebei cohort, the second and third rank SPMs were lung and gynecological cancer in SEER, but presented the opposite result in Hebei. The incidence rates and SPMs of subtypes were difference. The high risk individuals could be identified by risk stratification model, who need more closely followed up by Clinicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"12018"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-scale conv-attention U-Net for medical image segmentation.","authors":"Peng Pan, Chengxue Zhang, Jingbo Sun, Lina Guo","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-96101-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96101-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>U-Net-based network structures are widely used in medical image segmentation. However, effectively capturing multi-scale features and spatial context information of complex organizational structures remains a challenge. To address this, we propose a novel network structure based on the U-Net backbone. This model integrates the Adaptive Convolution (AC) module, Multi-Scale Learning (MSL) module, and Conv-Attention module to enhance feature expression ability and segmentation performance. The AC module dynamically adjusts the convolutional kernel through an adaptive convolutional layer. This enables the model to extract features of different shapes and scales adaptively, further improving its performance in complex scenarios. The MSL module is designed for multi-scale information fusion. It effectively aggregates fine-grained and high-level semantic features from different resolutions, creating rich multi-scale connections between the encoding and decoding processes. On the other hand, the Conv-Attention module incorporates an efficient attention mechanism into the skip connections. It captures global context information using a low-dimensional proxy for high-dimensional data. This approach reduces computational complexity while maintaining effective spatial and channel information extraction. Experimental validation on the CVC-ClinicDB, MICCAI 2023 Tooth, and ISIC2017 datasets demonstrates that our proposed MSCA-UNet significantly improves segmentation accuracy and model robustness. At the same time, it remains lightweight and outperforms existing segmentation methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"12041"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crowd counting at the edge using weighted knowledge distillation.","authors":"Muhammad Asif Khan, Hamid Menouar, Ridha Hamila, Adnan Abu-Dayya","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-90750-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90750-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual crowd counting has gained serious attention during the last couple of years. The consistent contributions to this topic have now solved several inherited challenges such as scale variations, occlusions, and cross-scene applications. However, these works attempt to improve accuracy and often ignore model size and computational complexity. Several practical applications employ resource-limited stand-alone devices like drones to run crowd models and require real-time inference. Though there have been some good efforts to develop lightweight shallow crowd models offering fast inference time, the relevant literature dedicated to lightweight crowd counting is limited. One possible reason is that lightweight deep-learning models suffer from accuracy degradation in complex scenes due to limited generalization capabilities. This paper addresses this important problem by proposing knowledge distillation to improve the learning capability of lightweight crowd models. Knowledge distillation enables lightweight models to emulate deeper models by distilling the knowledge learned by the deeper model during the training process. The paper presents a detailed experimental analysis with three lightweight crowd models over six benchmark datasets. The results report a clear significance of the proposed method supported by several ablation studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"11932"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of field conditions on the degradation of cellulose-based and PLA nonwoven mulches.","authors":"Paula Marasović, Michał Puchalski, Dragana Kopitar","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-94686-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94686-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of the field conditions on needle-punched mulches made of cellulose fibres and PLA biopolymer during the 300 days of exposure was investigated. The study observed the degradation of nonwoven mulches during specific exposure periods (30, 90, 180 and 300 days), evaluating their mechanical, morphological and chemical properties. The impact of nonwoven mulches on soil temperature and moisture, consequently on the number of microorganisms developed beneath mulches after 300 days of exposure, were analysed and associated with obtained results complementing comprehension of nonwoven mulch degradation. The findings show that nonwoven mulches made from jute, hemp, viscose and PLA fibres change when exposed to environmental conditions (soil, sunlight, rainfall, snow, ice accumulation, air and soil temperatures, wind). The changes include alterations in colour, structure shifts and modifications in properties. The results highlight the degradation pathways of cellulose and PLA mulches, revealing that cellulose-based fibres degrade through the removal of amorphous components, leading to increased crystallinity and eventual structural breakdown. WAXD findings demonstrated that microbial and environmental factors initially enhance crystalline regions in cellulose fibres but ultimately reduce tensile strength and flexibility due to amorphous phase loss. FTIR analysis confirmed the molecular changes in cellulose chains, particularly in pectin and lignin, while SEM provided direct evidence of surface damage and fibre disintegration. Furthermore, it was found that fibre types of nonwoven mulch influence soil moisture retention and soil microbial activity due to a complex interplay of fibre composition, environmental conditions and nonwoven fabric characteristics. Comprehensive mechanical, morphological and chemical results of different types of nonwoven mulch during the 300 days of exposure to the field conditions provide valuable insights into sustainable practices for using nonwoven mulches for growing crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"11986"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of urbanization on land use land cover change using geographic information system and remote sensing: a case of Mizan Aman City Southwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Addis Bikis, Muluye Engdaw, Digvijay Pandey, Binay Kumar Pandey","doi":"10.1038/s41598-025-94189-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-94189-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Land use land cover change due to urbanization is the prime driving forces to environmental problem and land surface temperature. The gap of the study is the lack of awareness of stakeholders regarding the protection of native forests, fruit trees, and BEBEKA coffee plantations. Deforestation for urban functions, including timber production, construction materials, and firewood, adversely affects the environment. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of urbanization on Land Use Land Cover Change (LULCC) at Mizan Aman city, southwest Ethiopia from 1992 to 2022 using geographic information systemand remote sensing technique. The study employed systematic sampling household surveys and high-resolution remote sensing techniques to identify the impact of urbanization on land use land cover change and land surface temperature change. Sample household survey was focused on family size, education level, parcel, year of construction of the house, type of employment and monthly household income. The LULC classification were based on eight land cover class (settlement, dense forest, moderate forest, sparse forest, closed grassland, open grassland, open shrub land, annual crop land). Preprocessing, classification of the images and accuracy assessment were tested separately using the kappa coefficient. The analysis incorporates factor graph optimization for ambiguity resolution. The results indicated that cumulative accuracy were 81.52%, 82.96%, 85.41% and 84.46% and kappa coefficient 82.41%, 84.86%, 89.45% and 88.76%% for the year 1992, 2002, 2012 and 2022 respectively. This research showed that dense forest, moderate forest, sparse forest and open shrub land were significantly decreased by 68.96%, 24.60%, 31.36% and 8.28% respectively in the last 30 years. Urban settlement were increased at alarming rate due to land demand for housing, infrastructure and manufacturing. Therefore, urban planners must prioritize sustainable environmental management, integrated land use zoning, and active community involvement in order to protect against unsustainable changes in land use and land cover. For future research, incorporating methodologies such as multi-source remote sensing and high-resolution imaging will help differentiate land cover more effectively. Mizan Aman City experiences a nine-month rainy season with a hot climate, and cloud cover can affect image quality, making it challenging to map land covers clearly. Utilizing SENTINEL high-resolution data can enhance ambiguity resolution and improve spatio-temporal monitoring frameworks. Furthermore, integrating CO₂ estimation techniques could offer deeper insights into the environmental changes associated with urbanization.</p>","PeriodicalId":21811,"journal":{"name":"Scientific Reports","volume":"15 1","pages":"12014"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143812441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}