Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences最新文献

Origin of an orbiting star around the galactic supermassive black hole. 围绕银河系超大质量黑洞的轨道恒星的起源。

IF 3.1 3区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Epub Date: 2023-12-25 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.100.007

Shogo Nishiyama, Tomohiro Kara, Brian Thorsbro, Hiromi Saida, Yohsuke Takamori, Masaaki Takahashi, Takayuki Ohgami, Kohei Ichikawa, Rainer Schödel

{"title":"Origin of an orbiting star around the galactic supermassive black hole.","authors":"Shogo Nishiyama, Tomohiro Kara, Brian Thorsbro, Hiromi Saida, Yohsuke Takamori, Masaaki Takahashi, Takayuki Ohgami, Kohei Ichikawa, Rainer Schödel","doi":"10.2183/pjab.100.007","DOIUrl":"10.2183/pjab.100.007","url":null,"abstract":"The tremendous tidal force that is linked to the supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the center of our galaxy is expected to strongly subdue star formation in its vicinity. Stars within 1'' from the SMBH thus likely formed further from the SMBH and migrated to their current positions. In this study, spectroscopic observations of the star S0-6/S10, one of the closest (projected distance from the SMBH of ≈0''.3) late-type stars were conducted. Using metal absorption lines in the spectra of S0-6, the radial velocity of S0-6 from 2014 to 2021 was measured, and a marginal acceleration was detected, which indicated that S0-6 is close to the SMBH. The S0-6 spectra were employed to determine its stellar parameters including temperature, chemical abundances ([M/H], [Fe/H], [α/Fe], [Ca/Fe], [Mg/Fe], [Ti/Fe]), and age. As suggested by the results of this study, S0-6 is very old (≳10 Gyr) and has an origin different from that of stars born in the central pc region.","PeriodicalId":20707,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"86-99"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10864168/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138478406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cloning of human Type I interferon cDNAs. 克隆人类 I 型干扰素 cDNA。

IF 3.1 3区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Epub Date: 2023-11-30 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.100.001

Shigekazu Nagata

引用次数: 0

Molecular and cellular mechanisms of developmental synapse elimination in the cerebellum: Involvement of autism spectrum disorder-related genes. 小脑发育突触消除的分子和细胞机制：自闭症谱系障碍相关基因的参与。

IF 4.4 3区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.100.034

Takaki Watanabe, Masanobu Kano

{"title":"Molecular and cellular mechanisms of developmental synapse elimination in the cerebellum: Involvement of autism spectrum disorder-related genes.","authors":"Takaki Watanabe, Masanobu Kano","doi":"10.2183/pjab.100.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.100.034","url":null,"abstract":"Neural circuits are initially created with excessive synapse formation until around birth and undergo massive reorganization until they mature. During postnatal development, necessary synapses strengthen and remain, whereas unnecessary ones are weakened and eventually eliminated. These events, collectively called \"synapse elimination\" or \"synapse pruning\", are thought to be fundamental for creating functionally mature neural circuits in adult animals. In the cerebellum of neonatal rodents, Purkinje cells (PCs) receive synaptic inputs from multiple climbing fibers (CFs). Then, inputs from a single CF are strengthened and those from the other CFs are eliminated, and most PCs become innervated by single CFs by the end of the third postnatal week. These events are regarded as a representative model of synapse elimination. This review examines the molecular and cellular mechanisms of CF synapse elimination in the developing cerebellum and argues how autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-related genes are involved in CF synapse development. We introduce recent studies to update our knowledge, incorporate new data into the known scheme, and discuss the remaining issues and future directions.","PeriodicalId":20707,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences","volume":"100 9","pages":"508-523"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The spontaneous-diabetes rat: a model of noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus by Yoshio Goto and Masaei Kakizaki (1981). 自发性糖尿病大鼠：非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病模型》，Yoshio Goto 和 Masaei Kakizaki 著（1981 年）。

IF 4.4 3区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.100.036

Hiroo Imura

引用次数: 0

Motonori Matuyama and reversals of geomagnetic field. 松山元典与地磁场逆转。

IF 4.4 3区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.100.031

Masaru Kono

{"title":"Motonori Matuyama and reversals of geomagnetic field.","authors":"Masaru Kono","doi":"10.2183/pjab.100.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.100.031","url":null,"abstract":"In 1929, Matuyama published his paper on the magnetization of mostly Quaternary volcanic rocks. In this paper, he described the results of paleomagnetic measurements of volcanic rocks from Japan and nearby areas and concluded that the latest transition of the magnetic field from reversed to normal state occurred in the early Quaternary. In the 1960s, two groups of scientists from the USA and Australia quite vigorously conducted studies of both magnetization and age of volcanic rocks. By about 1966, they completed the reversal timescale for the last 4 million years, which was to become the basis for many earth science studies. For easy reference, they suggested to call the most recent normal or reversed periods as Brunhes, Matuyama, Gauss, and Gilbert polarity epochs, with the names taken from the scientists who made very important contributions to paleomagnetism. Chron is now the official term for the epoch, and each chron is specified by a combination of a number and a character showing the polarity. However, the names of polarity epochs were already so popular that they are still quite frequently used in scientific papers. The Matuyama epoch is between 0.773 and 2.595 million years before present. Moreover, its lower limit is now used to define the start of the Quaternary.","PeriodicalId":20707,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences","volume":"100 9","pages":"491-499"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142626695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

At the dawn of novel aromatics: "On the Synthesis of Hinokitiol" by Tetsuo Nozoe et al. 新型芳烃的曙光Tetsuo Nozoe 等人撰写的 "论 Hinokitiol 的合成"。

IF 4.4 3区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-11 Epub Date: 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.99.020

Hiroyuki Isobe

引用次数: 0

Synthesis and applications of helical polymers with dynamic and static memories of helicity. 具有螺旋度动态和静态记忆的螺旋聚合物的合成和应用。

IF 4.4 3区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-12-11 Epub Date: 2023-10-18 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.99.025

Eiji Yashima

引用次数: 0

Glancing at the birth of a galaxy of scientists from Rikō Majima. 看着星系诞生的科学家们从陆岛出发。

IF 3.1 3区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Epub Date: 2023-08-29 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.99.019

Hiroyuki Isobe, Masahiro Hirama

引用次数: 0

Biomedical advances and future prospects of high-precision three-dimensional radiotherapy and four-dimensional radiotherapy. 高精度三维放射治疗和四维放射治疗的生物医学进展和未来展望。

IF 4.4 3区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Epub Date: 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.99.024

Hiroki Shirato

{"title":"Biomedical advances and future prospects of high-precision three-dimensional radiotherapy and four-dimensional radiotherapy.","authors":"Hiroki Shirato","doi":"10.2183/pjab.99.024","DOIUrl":"10.2183/pjab.99.024","url":null,"abstract":"Biomedical advances of external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with improvements in physical accuracy are reviewed. High-precision (±1 mm) three-dimensional radiotherapy (3DRT) can utilize respective therapeutic open doors in the tumor control probability curve and in the normal tissue complication probability curve instead of the one single therapeutic window in two-dimensional EBRT. High-precision 3DRT achieved higher tumor control and probable survival rates for patients with small peripheral lung and liver cancers. Four-dimensional radiotherapy (4DRT), which can reduce uncertainties in 3DRT due to organ motion by real-time (every 0.1-1 s) tumor-tracking and immediate (0.1-1 s) irradiation, have achieved reduced adverse effects for prostate and pancreatic tumors near the digestive tract and with similar or better tumor control. Particle beam therapy improved tumor control and probable survival for patients with large liver tumors. The clinical outcomes of locally advanced or multiple tumors located near serial-type organs can theoretically be improved further by integrating the 4DRT concept with particle beams.","PeriodicalId":20707,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"389-426"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10749389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41210685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improvement of patient care using cancer genomic profiling: SCRUM-/CIRCULATE-Japan experience. 使用癌症基因组图谱改善患者护理：SCRUM-/Circular-EJapan经验。

IF 3.1 3区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2023-10-11 Epub Date: 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.99.015

Atsushi Ohtsu, Koichi Goto, Takayuki Yoshino

{"title":"Improvement of patient care using cancer genomic profiling: SCRUM-/CIRCULATE-Japan experience.","authors":"Atsushi Ohtsu, Koichi Goto, Takayuki Yoshino","doi":"10.2183/pjab.99.015","DOIUrl":"10.2183/pjab.99.015","url":null,"abstract":"We launched SCRUM-Japan platform for the cancer genome profiling (CGP) test screening followed by the enrollment to genomically-matched clinical trials in 2015. More than 30,000 tissue-based and 10,000 liquid-based CGP tests have already been performed for enrolling to a total of 127 industry-/investigator-initiated registration trials, which resulted in regulatory approvals of 12 new agents with 14 indications in Japan. Using the clinical-genomic database, a new driver gene was recently discovered with dramatic response by genomically-matched agent. Our comparative study with tissue-based CGPs revealed more usefulness of liquid biopsy in terms of less invasive manner, shorter turn-round time, and higher enrollment rate for matched treatments than tissue-based in gastrointestinal cancers. For detecting minimal/molecular residual disease (MRD) after surgery, post-surgical monitoring with tumor-informed liquid biopsy assay in association with two randomized control trials have also started in 2020 (CIRCULATE-Japan). The observational cohort study showed obvious efficacy of the MRD monitoring for predicting recurrence, leading to change clinical practice in patient selection who should receive adjuvant therapy in the near future.","PeriodicalId":20707,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences","volume":" ","pages":"241-253"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10749397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10020554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0