Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences最新文献_第10页

Optical manipulation of molecular function by chromophore-assisted light inactivation. 通过发色团辅助光失活对分子功能进行光学操纵。

IF 4.4 3区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.011

Kiwamu Takemoto

{"title":"Optical manipulation of molecular function by chromophore-assisted light inactivation.","authors":"Kiwamu Takemoto","doi":"10.2183/pjab.97.011","DOIUrl":"10.2183/pjab.97.011","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to simple on/off switches for molecular activity, spatiotemporal dynamics are also thought to be important for the regulation of cellular function. However, their physiological significance and in vivo importance remain largely unknown. Fluorescence imaging technology is a powerful technique that can reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics of molecular activity. In addition, because imaging detects the correlations between molecular activity and biological phenomena, the technique of molecular manipulation is also important to analyze causal relationships. Recent advances in optical manipulation techniques that artificially perturb molecules and cells via light can address this issue to elucidate the causality between manipulated target and its physiological function. The use of light enables the manipulation of molecular activity in microspaces, such as organelles and nerve spines. In this review, we describe the chromophore-assisted light inactivation method, which is an optical manipulation technique that has been attracting attention in recent years.","PeriodicalId":20707,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences","volume":"97 4","pages":"197-209"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8062263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25579586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental verification of the standard model of particle physics. 粒子物理标准模型的实验验证。

IF 3.1 3区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.013

Tomio Kobayashi

引用次数: 1

Development of a cell-free protein synthesis system for practical use. 一种实用的无细胞蛋白质合成系统的研制。

IF 3.1 3区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.015

Yaeta Endo

{"title":"Development of a cell-free protein synthesis system for practical use.","authors":"Yaeta Endo","doi":"10.2183/pjab.97.015","DOIUrl":"10.2183/pjab.97.015","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional cell-free protein synthesis systems had been the major platform to study the mechanism behind translating genetic information into proteins, as proven in the central dogma of molecular biology. Albeit being powerful research tools, most of the in vitro methods at the time failed to produce enough protein for practical use. Tremendous efforts were being made to overcome the limitations of in vitro translation systems, though mostly with limited success. While great knowledge was accumulated on the translation mechanism and ribosome structure, researchers rationalized that it may be impossible to fully reconstitute such a complex molecular process in a test tube. This review will examine how we have solved the difficulties holding back progress. Our newly developed cell-free protein synthesis system is based on wheat embryos and has many excellent characteristics, in addition to its high translation activity and robustness. Combined with other novel elementary technologies, we have established cell-free protein synthesis systems for practical use in research and applied sciences.","PeriodicalId":20707,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences","volume":"97 5","pages":"261-276"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8141837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38975218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Generation and manipulation of current-induced spin-orbit torques. 电流诱导的自旋轨道力矩的产生和操控。

IF 3.1 3区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.025

Kazuya Ando

引用次数: 0

Synthesis and applications of high-performance P-chiral phosphine ligands. 高性能 P 手性膦配体的合成与应用。

IF 3.1 3区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.026

Tsuneo Imamoto

引用次数: 0

Review of plasma turbulence experiments. 等离子体湍流实验回顾。

IF 4.4 3区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.006

Akihide Fujisawa

引用次数: 0

TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) plays crucial roles in multiple biological systems through polyubiquitination-mediated NF-κB activation. TNF 受体相关因子 6（TRAF6）通过多泛素化介导的 NF-κB 激活，在多个生物系统中发挥着至关重要的作用。

IF 4.4 3区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.009

Mizuki Yamamoto, Jin Gohda, Taishin Akiyama, Jun-Ichiro Inoue

{"title":"TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) plays crucial roles in multiple biological systems through polyubiquitination-mediated NF-κB activation.","authors":"Mizuki Yamamoto, Jin Gohda, Taishin Akiyama, Jun-Ichiro Inoue","doi":"10.2183/pjab.97.009","DOIUrl":"10.2183/pjab.97.009","url":null,"abstract":"NF-κB was first identified in 1986 as a B cell-specific transcription factor inducing immunoglobulin κ light chain expression. Subsequent studies revealed that NF-κB plays important roles in development, organogenesis, immunity, inflammation, and neurological functions by spatiotemporally regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in several cell types. Furthermore, studies on the signal pathways that activate NF-κB led to the discovery of TRAF family proteins with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, which function downstream of the receptor. This discovery led to the proposal of an entirely new signaling mechanism concept, wherein K63-ubiquitin chains act as a scaffold for the signaling complex to activate downstream kinases. This concept has revolutionized ubiquitin studies by revealing the importance of the nonproteolytic functions of ubiquitin not only in NF-κB signaling but also in a variety of other biological systems. TRAF6 is the most diverged among the TRAF family proteins, and our studies uncovered its notable physiological and pathological functions.","PeriodicalId":20707,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences","volume":"97 4","pages":"145-160"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8062261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25579583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-dimensional diffusion process of allele frequencies in population genetics. 群体遗传学中等位基因频率的多维扩散过程。

IF 4.4 3区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.008

Hideki Innan, Takahiro Sakamoto

引用次数: 0

Polyphosphate-dependent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) kinase: A novel missing link in human mitochondria. 多磷酸依赖烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD)激酶:人类线粒体中一个新的缺失环节。

IF 3.1 3区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.024

Kousaku Murata

{"title":"Polyphosphate-dependent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) kinase: A novel missing link in human mitochondria.","authors":"Kousaku Murata","doi":"10.2183/pjab.97.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.97.024","url":null,"abstract":"Polyphosphate [poly(P)] is described as a homopolymer of inorganic phosphates. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide kinase (NAD kinase) catalyzes the phosphorylation of NAD+ to NADP+ in the presence of ATP (ATP-NAD kinase). Novel NAD kinase that explicitly phosphorylates NAD+ to NADP+ using poly(P), besides ATP [ATP/poly(P)-NAD kinase], was found in bacteria, in particular, Gram-positive bacteria, and the gene encoding ATP/poly(P)-NAD kinase was also newly identified in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Both NAD kinases required multi-homopolymeric structures for activity expression. The enzymatic and genetic results, combined with their primary and tertiary structures, have led to the discovery of a long-awaited human mitochondrial NAD kinase. This discovery showed that the NAD kinase is a bacterial type of ATP/poly(P)-NAD kinase. These pioneering findings, i.e., ATP/poly(P)-NAD kinase, NAD kinase gene, and human mitochondrial NAD kinase, have significantly enhanced research on the biochemistry, molecular biology, and evolutionary biology of NAD kinase, mitochondria, and poly(P), including some biotechnological knowledge applicable to NADP+ production.","PeriodicalId":20707,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences","volume":"97 8","pages":"479-498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8553519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39501992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

New insights into the regulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity by the endoplasmic reticulum and its membrane contacts. 内质网及其膜接触对突触传递和可塑性调控的新见解。

IF 3.1 3区综合性期刊

Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.028

Masafumi Tsuboi, Yusuke Hirabayashi

{"title":"New insights into the regulation of synaptic transmission and plasticity by the endoplasmic reticulum and its membrane contacts.","authors":"Masafumi Tsuboi, Yusuke Hirabayashi","doi":"10.2183/pjab.97.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.97.028","url":null,"abstract":"Mammalian neurons are highly compartmentalized yet very large cells. To provide each compartment with its distinct properties, metabolic homeostasis and molecular composition need to be precisely coordinated in a compartment-specific manner. Despite the importance of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a platform for various biochemical reactions, such as protein synthesis, protein trafficking, and intracellular calcium control, the contribution of the ER to neuronal compartment-specific functions and plasticity remains elusive. Recent advances in the development of live imaging and serial scanning electron microscopy (sSEM) analysis have revealed that the neuronal ER is a highly dynamic organelle with compartment-specific structures. sSEM studies also revealed that the ER forms contacts with other membranes, such as the mitochondria and plasma membrane, although little is known about the functions of these ER-membrane contacts. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and physiological roles of the ER structure and ER-mitochondria contacts in synaptic transmission and plasticity, thereby highlighting a potential link between organelle ultrastructure and neuronal functions.","PeriodicalId":20707,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences","volume":"97 10","pages":"559-572"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8687855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39594314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2