Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Researching gender and loneliness differently","authors":"Manuela Barreto, David Matthew Doyle, Marlies Maes","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15283","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of research on loneliness considers gender by comparing the loneliness reported by men and women. Drawing on current conceptualizations of gender and its effects, we propose alternative ways in which gender should be examined in relation to loneliness. To do so, we consider multiple gender-related factors and the role of the social environment, particularly societal ideologies about what gender is and how it should be expressed. We provide examples of how this expanded conceptualization can contribute to an improved understanding of loneliness by focusing on the impact of gender nonconformity, gendered life experiences, and couple relationships. We highlight the need for more research and evidence to fill existing gaps in understanding. We conclude that the field can move forward by considering the role of biological sex, gender identity, gender expression, gender roles, gender relational experiences, and sexual orientation, as well as the social norms against which these are experienced. To truly examine the role of gender in loneliness, we need to consider the normative context where some, but not others, are minoritized and marginalized, as well as move beyond binary notions of gender to include those with nonbinary, transgender, and intersex identities.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Audio-visual concert performances synchronize audience's heart rates","authors":"Anna M. Czepiel, Lauren K. Fink, Mathias Scharinger, Christoph Seibert, Melanie Wald-Fuhrmann, Sonja A. Kotz","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15279","url":null,"abstract":"People enjoy engaging with music. Live music concerts provide an excellent option to investigate real-world music experiences, and at the same time, use neurophysiological synchrony to assess dynamic engagement. In the current study, we assessed engagement in a live concert setting using synchrony of cardiorespiratory measures, comparing inter-subject, stimulus–response, correlation, and phase coherence. As engagement might be enhanced in a concert setting by seeing musicians perform, we presented audiences with audio-only (AO) and audio-visual (AV) piano performances. Only correlation synchrony measures were above chance level. In comparing time-averaged synchrony across conditions, AV performances evoked a higher inter-subject correlation of heart rate (ISC-HR). However, synchrony averaged across music pieces did not correspond to self-reported engagement. On the other hand, time-resolved analyses show that synchronized deceleration-acceleration heart rate (HR) patterns, typical of an “orienting response” (an index of directed attention), occurred within music pieces at salient events of section boundaries. That is, seeing musicians perform heightened audience engagement at structurally important moments in Western classical music. Overall, we could show that multisensory information shapes dynamic engagement. By comparing different synchrony measures, we further highlight the advantages of time series analysis, specifically ISC-HR, as a robust measure of holistic musical listening experiences in naturalistic concert settings.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142917707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geometric series exists in nature: Evidence from sorted area sequences of floral parts and leaves","authors":"Peijian Shi, Bailian Larry Li, Jinfeng Wang, Youying Mu, Weihao Yao, Meng Lian, Linli Deng, Karl J. Niklas","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15282","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of a geometric series (GS) plays an important role in mathematics. However, it has been neglected in describing biological size series. Herein, we show that a GS describes the nonreproductive (perianth) parts of the flowers of four Magnoliaceae species and two Rosaceae species and the leaves of 60 <jats:italic>Alangium chinense</jats:italic> and 60 <jats:italic>Shibataea chinensis</jats:italic> shoots. The sorted areas of floral parts and leaves formed a sequence that was fitted by a GS with the mean of the quotients of two adjacent members in the sequence as the common ratio of a GS. The mean absolute percent error (MAPE) was used to measure the goodness of fit of each GS. Over 99.7% of the MAPE values (371 out of the 372 tested flowers) were less than 10%, and over 97.8% of the MAPE values were less than 5%. Likewise, over 77.5% of the MAPE values (93 out of the 120 tested shoots) were less than 10%, and over 35% of the MAPE values were less than 5%. These analyses provide empirical evidence that the GS exists in nature, and confirm the usefulness of a classical algebraic formula for the study of plant developmental biology.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142917161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rhythm of horse gaits","authors":"Lia Laffi, Teresa Raimondi, Carola Ferrante, Eleonora Pagliara, Andrea Bertuglia, Elodie Floriane Briefer, Marco Gamba, Andrea Ravignani","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15271","url":null,"abstract":"What makes animal gaits so audibly rhythmic? To answer this question, we recorded the footfall sound of 19 horses and quantified the rhythmic differences in the temporal structure of three natural gaits: walk, trot, and canter. Our analyses show that each gait displays a strikingly specific rhythmic pattern and that all gaits are organized according to small‐integer ratios, those found when adjacent temporal intervals are related by a mathematically simple relationship of integer numbers. Walk and trot exhibit an isochronous structure (1:1)—similar to a ticking clock—while canter is characterized by three small‐integer ratios (1:1, 1:2, 2:1). While walk and trot both show isochrony, trot has a slower tempo and is more precise and accurate, like a metronome. Our results quantitatively discriminate horse gaits based on rhythm, revealing striking commonalities with human music and some animal communicative signals. Gait and vocal rhythmicity share key features, and the former likely predates the latter; we suggest this supports gait‐based hypotheses for the evolution of rhythm. Specifically, the perception of locomotor rhythmicity may have evolved in different species under pressure for predator recognition and mate selection; it may have been later exapted for rhythmic vocal communication.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142888293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavior-change lifestyle interventions for the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents: A scoping review","authors":"Liubai Li, Feng Sun, Jian Du, Zhixia Li, Tianjiao Chen, Xuanyu Shi","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15278","url":null,"abstract":"Behavior-change lifestyle interventions are fundamental in children and adolescent obesity management. This scoping review discusses optimal behavior-change lifestyle interventions in the treatment of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. A literature search on diet, physical activity, and behavioral intervention for obesity treatment in children and adolescents aged 0–19 years was conducted in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses with randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English from June 2016 to November 2022 were retrieved to identify recent advancements. Obesity outcomes included body weight, body mass index (BMI), BMI <i>z</i>-score, and fat percentage, among others. The 28 located reviews included: four studies on diet therapy; five on physical activity (exercise training); one on sedentary activities; 18 on multicomponent behavior-change lifestyle interventions, including three that incorporated gaming; three with eHealth, mobile health (mHealth), or telehealth, with one in each category; and two on motivational interviewing. Behavior-change lifestyle interventions to reduce obesity in children and adolescents were associated with moderate effects, with low-quality evidence for diet therapy and high-quality evidence for exercise training, both for weight or BMI reduction. Long-term intensive multicomponent behavioral interventions with parental involvement demonstrated better effects.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of macroautophagy in substance use disorders","authors":"Zhaoying Yu, Shujun Lin, Xinshuang Gong, Zhiting Zou, Xiangdong Yang, Yuer Ruan, Liyin Qian, Yu Liu, Zizhen Si","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15272","url":null,"abstract":"Macroautophagy, a universal cellular process, sends cellular material to lysosomes for breakdown and is often activated by stressors like hypoxia or drug exposure. It is vital for protein balance, neurotransmitter release, synaptic function, and neuron survival. The role of macroautophagy in substance use disorders is dual. On one hand, substances like cocaine, methamphetamine, opiates, and alcohol can activate macroautophagy pathways to degrade various neuroinflammatory factors in neuronal cells, providing a protective function. On the other hand, long-term and excessive use of addictive substances can inhibit macroautophagy pathways, obstructing the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes and losing the original protective function. This review first summarizes the key proteins and signaling pathways involved in macroautophagy, including mTORC1, AMPK, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and suggests that the regulation of macroautophagy plays a central role in drug-rewarding behavior and addiction. Second, we focus on the interactions between macroautophagy and neuroinflammation induced by drugs, evaluating the potential of macroautophagy modulators as therapeutic strategies for substance use disorder (SUD), and identifying autophagy-related biomarkers that can be used for early diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response. Our review summarizes the important scientific basis involved in macroautophagy pathways for the development of new therapies for SUD.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable isotope tempestology of tropical cyclones across the North Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Ocean basins","authors":"Ricardo Sánchez-Murillo, Dimitris A. Herrera, Kegan K. Farrick, Germain Esquivel-Hernández, Rolando Sánchez-Gutiérrez, Javier Barberena-Moncada, Jorge Guatemala-Herrera, Yelba Flores-Meza, Roberto Cerón-Pineda, Laura Gil-Urrutia, Jorge Cardona-Hernández, Tania Peña-Paz, Junior O. Hernández-Ortiz, Wendy Harrison-Smith, Geoffrey Marshall, Aurel Persoiu, Juan Pérez-Quezadas, Miguel Mejía-González, Luis González-Hita, Marcia Barrera de Calderón, Alejandro García-Moya, Debora Hernández, Kristen Welsh, Rene M. Price, Diego A. Riveros-Iregui, Ny Riavo G. Voarintsoa, Joshua C. Bregy, Minerva Sánchez-Llull, Carlos Alonso-Hernández, Saúl Santos-García, Ana M. Durán-Quesada, Christian Birkel, Jan Boll, Kim M. Cobb, Adrián F. Obando-Amador, Ingrid M. Vargas-Azofeifa, Doerthe Tetzlaff, Chris Soulsby, Sylvia G. Dee","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15274","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical cyclones (TCs) are one of the major natural hazards to island and coastal communities and ecosystems. However, isotopic compositions of TC-derived precipitation (P) in surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) reservoirs are still lacking. We tested the three main assumptions of the isotope storm “spike” hypothesis (sudden spikes in isotopic ratios). Our database covers 40 TCs and is divided into recent (<i>N</i> = 778; 2012–2023) and archived (<i>N</i> = 236; 1984–1995) rainfall isotope observations and SW/GW isotope monitoring (<i>N</i> = 6013; 2014–2023). Seasonal rainfall contribution from TCs ranged from less than 1% to over 54% (4% on average) between 1984 and 2023. Mean δ¹⁸O compositions across TCs domains were significantly lower than the regional (noncyclonic) δ¹⁸O mean (−5.24 ± 4.27‰): maritime (−6.29 ± 3.28‰), coastal (−7.78 ± 4.28‰), and inland (−9.80 ± 5.18‰) values. Coastal and maritime TC convection resulted in large rainfall amounts with high isotope compositions. This could bias past climate reconstructions toward unrealistic drier conditions. Significant δ¹⁸O and <i>d</i>-excess differences were found between storm intensities. P/SW and P/GW isotope ratios revealed the rapid propagation of TC excursions in freshwater systems. Our findings highlight the potential of TC isotope observations for diagnosing intensity and frequency in paleoproxies beyond idealized TC models.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"261 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review of the efficacy of yoga and mindfulness in the management of pediatric obesity","authors":"Mardia López-Alarcón, Miguel A. Villasis-Keever, José R. Fernández","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15245","url":null,"abstract":"The neuroplasticity of adolescents could make them responsive to interventions affecting brain maturation such as yoga and mindfulness. We aimed to determine their efficacy and safety for the management of children and adolescents with obesity. A systematic search using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycInfo was performed up to March 2024. We considered randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using yoga or mindfulness alone (or combined with standard therapy) compared to placebo, nothing, or standard therapy for weight loss. Methodological quality of studies was assessed with the Risk of Bias 2 tool. The primary outcomes were changes in weight and adiposity (kg, body mass index [BMI], BMI <i>z</i>-score, fat mass, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio). We assessed 4 yoga and 7 mindfulness RCTs, including 620 participants 8–19 years old. The number of participants varied per type of intervention (yoga, <i>n</i> = 10–63; mindfulness, <i>n</i> = 11–47). Comparators were no-intervention or active controls. All yoga trials reported anthropometric improvements, but all trials combined yoga with extra physical activity. Five out of seven mindfulness trials reported anthropometric improvements. The methodological quality of the RCTs was low. No safety information was reported. The effect of yoga and mindfulness on psychological and metabolic variables was inconsistent. This evidence is insufficient to recommend yoga or mindfulness for the management of adolescents with obesity.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of longitudinal risk and protective factors for loneliness in youth","authors":"Susanne Buecker, Kimberly Petersen, Anne Neuber, Yixuan Zheng, Daniel Hayes, Pamela Qualter","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15266","url":null,"abstract":"To effectively tackle loneliness in youth, prevention and intervention strategies should be based on solid evidence regarding risk and protective factors in this age group. This systematic literature review identifies and narratively synthesizes longitudinal studies of risk and protective factors for loneliness in children and adolescents aged below 25 years. A systematic literature search was conducted in October 2023 using PsycINFO and MEDLINE, resulting in <i>n</i> = 398 articles, with <i>n</i> = 105 articles meeting the inclusion criteria. The examined factors included demographic (e.g., gender), socioeconomic (e.g., income sufficiency), social (e.g., peer acceptance), mental health (e.g., depression), physical health (e.g., disabilities), health behavior (e.g., sport participation), and psychological factors (e.g., shyness). Additionally, adverse childhood experiences (e.g., child maltreatment) and environmental factors (e.g., neighborhood characteristics) were investigated. Despite the wide range of potential risk and protective factors examined, relatively few studies provided strong evidence for a prospective association with loneliness. Risk factors that were consistently identified across multiple longitudinal studies included low peer acceptance and peer victimization, depression, social anxiety, internalizing symptoms, low self-esteem, shyness, and neuroticism. Additional replication is required to evaluate factors that have shown significant associations with loneliness in only a limited number of longitudinal studies (e.g., aggression).","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced wet grip with North American river otter paws","authors":"Alexis C. Noel, Jason Lieb, Benjamin Seleb, Mary Thatcher, Soohwan Kim, Aqua T. Asberry, Jason H. Nadler, David L. Hu","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15263","url":null,"abstract":"The semi-aquatic North American river otter (<i>Lontra canadensis</i>) has the unique challenge of navigating slippery algae-coated rocks. Unlike other river otter species, each rear paw of the North American river otter has a series of soft, circular, and keratinized plantar pads similar to the felt pads on the boots of fly fishermen. Surrounding these soft pads is a textured epidermal layer. In this combined experimental and numerical study, we investigate the influence of the plantar pads and surrounding skin on the otter's grip. We filmed an otter walking and performed materials testing and histology on preserved otter paws. We present experiments and numerical modeling of how the otter paw may help evacuate water when contacting the river bed. We hope this study will draw interest into natural amphibious grip mechanisms for use in sports and the military.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142810168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}