{"title":"Short-term language switching training reveals an adaptive cerebellar network for bilingual language control.","authors":"Qianwen Chang,Fengyang Ma,Qiming Yuan,Mo Chen,Taomei Guo","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15365","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have revealed that the cerebellum is involved in bilingual language control. In the present study, we further examined the cerebellum's role in bilingual language control and the plasticity of the cerebellar network using a training paradigm. Two groups of Chinese-English bilinguals performed the same language switching task in the pre-test and post-test sessions during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. After the pre-test, only the training group received an 8-day training in language switching. Results showed that bilingual language control was associated with a cerebellar network including multiple posterior cerebellar subregions as well as the anterior cerebellum (i.e., lobules IV-V). Furthermore, the cerebellar network exhibited adaptive changes with enhanced local neural efficiency and network connectivity after training. For the first time, our study revealed the plasticity of the cerebellar network in bilingual language control.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144146047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Active predators do not necessarily specialize in sedentary prey: A simulation model","authors":"Inon Scharf","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15379","url":null,"abstract":"Predators employ diverse foraging modes, ranging from ambush to active pursuit of prey. While ambush predators are associated with capturing mobile prey, the specialization of active predators on sedentary prey remains less understood. I examined the circumstances under which active predators preferentially capture sedentary prey. Using a spatially explicit individual‐based simulation model, I manipulated the spatial patterns of sedentary prey, movement directionality, speed of mobile prey and active predators, and the presence of competing ambush predators. Key factors such as area‐restricted search (ARS) by active predators, uncertain capture success of prey, and prey reappearance after capture were also considered. The results suggest that active predators do not necessarily specialize in sedentary prey. Instead, their prey preference is influenced by prey spatial patterns and competition with ambush predators: clumped spatial patterns of sedentary prey and the use of ARS by active predators as well as competition with ambush predators drove active predators to focus on sedentary prey. Conversely, nondirectional movement by predators and faster‐moving prey often led to higher proportions of mobile prey being captured. These findings challenge traditional assumptions about active predator specialization and emphasize the importance of integrating spatial and behavioral dynamics into predator–prey models.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Value-added utilization of agricultural wastes in biocomposite production: Characteristics and applications.","authors":"Karuppusamy Manickaraj,Ramakrishnan Thirumalaisamy,Sivasubramanian Palanisamy,Nadir Ayrilmis,Ehab El Sayed Massoud,Murugesan Palaniappan,S Lakshmi Sankar","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15368","url":null,"abstract":"Agro-waste-based biocomposites are reinforced with natural fibers derived from agricultural residues. These biocomposite materials have attracted a great deal of interest in recent years due to their environmentally friendly and sustainable nature as an alternative to conventional synthetic materials. Issues of environmental sustainability and the search for waste management solutions have driven research into the development of materials that minimize reliance on nonrenewable resources and have a low environmental impact. This review presents an overview of the physical and mechanical properties of some selected biocomposites derived from rice husk, coconut shell, and sugarcane bagasse. Critical properties such as density, water absorption, tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact resistance have been investigated, as these properties largely determine the practicality of the derived materials. In this regard, this paper reiterates the need for further investigation of agro-waste-based biocomposites as an effective alternative toward greener and more eco-friendly industrialization. These materials will offer great opportunities not only to reduce the environmental footprint, but also to increase the value of agricultural waste by promoting a circular economy.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nathaniel Lubin, Yuning Liu, Amanda Yarnell, S. Bryn Austin, Zachary J. Ward, Ravi Iyer, Jonathan Stray, Matthew Lawrence, Alissa Cooper, Peter Chapman
{"title":"Social media harm abatement: Mechanisms for transparent public health assessment","authors":"Nathaniel Lubin, Yuning Liu, Amanda Yarnell, S. Bryn Austin, Zachary J. Ward, Ravi Iyer, Jonathan Stray, Matthew Lawrence, Alissa Cooper, Peter Chapman","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15345","url":null,"abstract":"Social media platforms have been accused of causing a range of harms, resulting in dozens of lawsuits across jurisdictions. These lawsuits are situated within the context of a long history of American product safety litigation, suggesting opportunities for remediation outside of financial compensation. Anticipating that at least some of these cases may be successful and/or lead to settlements, this article outlines an implementable mechanism for an abatement and/or settlement plan capable of mitigating abuse. The paper describes the requirements of such a mechanism, implications for privacy and oversight, and tradeoffs that such a procedure would entail. The mechanism is framed to operate at the intersection of legal procedure, standards for transparent public health assessment, and the practical requirements of modern technology products.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Third-order self-embedded vocal motifs in wild orangutans, and the selective evolution of recursion.","authors":"Chiara De Gregorio,Marco Gamba,Adriano R Lameira","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15373","url":null,"abstract":"Recursion, the neuro-computational operation of nesting a signal or pattern within itself, lies at the structural basis of language. Classically considered absent in the vocal repertoires of nonhuman animals, whether recursion evolved step-by-step or saltationally in humans is among the most fervent debates in cognitive science since Chomsky's seminal work on syntax in the 1950s. The recent discovery of self-embedded vocal motifs in wild (nonhuman) great apes-Bornean male orangutans' long calls-lends initial but important support to the notion that recursion, or at least temporal recursion, is not uniquely human among hominids and that its evolution was based on shared ancestry. Building on these findings, we test four necessary predictions for a gradual evolutionary scenario in wild Sumatran female orangutans' alarm calls, the longest known combinations of consonant-like and vowel-like calls among great apes (excepting humans). From the data, we propose third-order self-embedded isochrony: three hierarchical levels of nested isochronous combinatoric units, with each level exhibiting unique variation dynamics and information content relative to context. Our findings confirm that recursive operations underpin great ape call combinatorics, operations that likely evolved gradually in the human lineage as vocal sequences became longer and more intricate.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erika M. Vitale, Amina H. Tbaba, Kaitlyn Tam, Kyle R. Gossman, Adam S. Smith
{"title":"Opposite‐sex pairing alters social‐induced GCaMP and dopamine activity in the insula of male prairie voles","authors":"Erika M. Vitale, Amina H. Tbaba, Kaitlyn Tam, Kyle R. Gossman, Adam S. Smith","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15363","url":null,"abstract":"The prairie vole (<jats:italic>Microtus ochrogaster</jats:italic>) is a monogamous rodent species which displays selective social behaviors to conspecifics after establishing a pair‐bonded relationship, specifically partner‐directed affiliation and stranger‐directed aggression. This social selectivity relies on the ability of an individual to respond appropriately to a social context and requires salience detection and valence assignment. The anterior insular cortex (aIC) has been implicated in stimulus processing and categorization across a variety of contexts, but its regulation of pair bond–induced social selectivity in prairie voles has not been studied. Here, we examined whether neural activity and gene expression in the aIC change during male–female pairings in male prairie voles. Opposite‐sex pairing was characterized by changes to calcium and dopamine transients in the aIC that corresponded with the display of social selectivity across pair bond maturation. Furthermore, D1 and D2 receptor mRNA expression was significantly higher in males after 48 h of cohabitation with a female partner compared to same‐sex housed males, and D2 mRNA remained elevated after a week of cohabitation. Together, these results implicate a role for dopamine and its receptors in the aIC across the transition from early‐ to late‐phase pair bonding.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144066089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qing Wang,Bin Zhang,Qisheng Wang,Zhengfang Yang,Qianqian Guo,Guanbin Wen,Yanli Nie,Dongquan Wang
{"title":"Green biomass carbon points with efficient broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and widespread application.","authors":"Qing Wang,Bin Zhang,Qisheng Wang,Zhengfang Yang,Qianqian Guo,Guanbin Wen,Yanli Nie,Dongquan Wang","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15358","url":null,"abstract":"With low toxicity and good biocompatibility, carbon dots (CDs) are widely used in the fields of biosensing and drug delivery. In recent years, they have demonstrated excellent antimicrobial properties, thus becoming another research hotspot in the antimicrobial field. However, most of the studies showed that CDs were effective in inhibiting Gram-positive bacteria but ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, macadamia nutshell (MNS)-CDs were prepared from the hard shells of macadamia nuts by a one-step hydrothermal method, and their appearance, morphology, structural composition, antimicrobial properties, and toxicity were investigated. The results showed that the MNS-CDs were spherical particles with an average diameter of about 4.25 nm, with hydrophilic groups, a hemolysis rate of less than 2%, good biocompatibility, and excellent antimicrobial properties against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The antimicrobial mechanism of these materials was also investigated. The inhibition of Gram-negative bacteria by MNS-CDs was mainly due to electrostatic interactions, while the inhibition of Gram-positive bacteria was mainly based on activated oxygen sterilization. Furthermore, MNS-CDs achieved good antimicrobial effects when applied in the fields of water purification, plates, fabrics, and food packaging, indicating that the prospects of their broad application are good.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saroj Khadka,Emily L Kinney,Brooke E Ryan,Laura A Mike
{"title":"Mechanisms governing bacterial capsular polysaccharide attachment and chain length.","authors":"Saroj Khadka,Emily L Kinney,Brooke E Ryan,Laura A Mike","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15364","url":null,"abstract":"Capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) are high-molecular weight glycopolymers that form a capsule layer on the surface of many bacterial species. This layer serves as a crucial barrier between bacteria and their environment, protecting them from host immune responses and environmental stressors while facilitating adaptation to host niches. The capsule also affects other critical virulence factors of plant and human pathogens such as biofilm production and exchange of antimicrobial-resistance genes. Bacterial pathogens modulate several CPS properties including abundance, chain length, and cell surface retainment to optimize niche-specific fitness. CPS composition varies greatly among bacterial species due to differences in sugar units comprising the polymer. Despite the diversity in composition, three conserved CPS biosynthetic systems are common across bacterial species. Although less explored than CPS polymerization and export, the processes of chain length control and attachment are also broadly conserved among bacterial species. Here, we discuss the common strategies that bacteria use to retain CPS to their cell surface and the mechanisms by which bacteria define and control CPS chain length. Additionally, we highlight the outstanding questions related to these processes, identifying areas where future research is needed to gain better insights into these crucial CPS systems.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developing loneliness interventions for people with personality disorders: A call to action.","authors":"Matthias A Reinhard,Frank Padberg","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15367","url":null,"abstract":"Loneliness is common in personality disorders (PDs) and may contribute to their severity and persistence. Systematic research on loneliness interventions for PD is sparse but clearly needed. According to the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders, loneliness may be related to personality functioning and may link to domains of self (identity and self-direction) and interpersonal functioning (empathy and intimacy). A deeper understanding of the interaction between perceived loneliness and individual dysfunction across these domains is essential for establishing novel psychological interventions that effectively treat loneliness. As a first step in developing a valid therapy model, we suggest a modular framework that encompasses loneliness-associated perceptions, cognitions, feelings, and behaviors that can be targeted with specific strategies. To further develop this framework, additional empirical research, for example, clinical studies on loneliness-tailored interventions in PD, should be performed in parallel with more conceptual research that challenges and integrates current hypotheses and theories.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah Law,Temenuzhka Marinova,Lillie Ewins,Elizabeth Marks
{"title":"Understanding the psychological impact of flooding on older adults: A scoping review.","authors":"Sarah Law,Temenuzhka Marinova,Lillie Ewins,Elizabeth Marks","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15356","url":null,"abstract":"Flooding is increasing in frequency and intensity as a function of climate change. Older populations are vulnerable to the physical and mental health impacts of flooding, having less ability to cope and fewer rescue possibilities compared to younger ages, with resulting mental health impacts. This scoping review, based on JBI Scoping Review Methodology, scoped and summarized the evidence for the psychological impacts of flooding on older adults. Electronic databases were searched for reports of direct or indirect experiences of flooding in older adults globally (mental health, well-being, emotional outcomes). Ten articles across four continents were included. Risk of bias analysis found that 80% of articles were of weak and 20% were of moderate quality. Most studies focused on depression (70%), posttraumatic stress (60%), and anxiety (20%) as outcomes. Over half considered additional impacts and protective factors. This small but growing literature base demonstrates that climate-related flooding affects the mental health of older adults, with associations between flooding, depression, and posttraumatic stress. Poor social support contributes to worse mental health outcomes, suggesting that helpful interventions might focus on enhancing resilience through building social networks. All studies reviewed were from high-income countries; more research is required with countries with lower income.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}