Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences最新文献

{"title":"The rebirth of repressive chromatin during early vertebrate development","authors":"Dilani Rajapakse-Yongue, Mary Goll","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15360","url":null,"abstract":"Following fertilization, gamete-specific chromatin configurations must be reset to allow for the rebirth of an embryo-specific chromatin landscape capable of driving organismal development. During early cell divisions, the rebuilding of embryonic chromatin requires the renewed delineation of transcriptionally permissive and repressive chromatin states across the genome. This review summarizes our current understanding of how repressive chromatin states are reborn during vertebrate embryogenesis. We highlight both shared and divergent features across species, emphasizing well-characterized mouse and zebrafish models.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144219460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroanalysis and electrophysiological recording of bio-doped conducting polymer-modified neural electrodes.","authors":"Alexander R Harris, Ben J Allitt, Antonio G Paolini","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electroanalytical methods are used to understand, modify, and control bionic devices. Bionic devices can record or stimulate cells to understand and/or control normal or abnormal biological processes. These devices contain electrodes that transduce electrical current within the electrical circuit into ionic current within a tissue. Despite the similarity between electroanalysis and electrophysiology, there remains a poor understanding of the relationship between the two techniques, including their methodology and theory. This paper investigates the electrochemical and acute electrophysiological recording performance of neural electrodes. A range of behaviors is achieved by modifying electrodes with the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with chondroitin sulfate, dextran sulfate, or para-toluene sulfonate. The results support previous studies showing that increased electrode area reduced total impedance below the Maxwell-Wagner relaxation frequency and thermal noise while increasing the signal-to-noise ratio and neural spike count. The results allowed novel investigation of relative contributions of biological and electrode properties to electrophysiological performance, with increased electrode area having a larger impact on neural population within recording range rather than reducing thermal noise. The utility of measuring electrode impedance for predicting electrophysiological performance is mainly for an indirect measure of electrode area. The results provide insight into noise sources from electrophysiological recordings and limitations in cable theory in neuroscience.</p>","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144224139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxytocin and opioid antagonists: A dual approach to improving social behavior","authors":"Olga Dal Monte, Prabaha Gangopadhyay, Philip T. Putnam, Steve W. C. Chang","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15376","url":null,"abstract":"Social behavior is a cornerstone of mental health and well-being, shaped by complex neuromodulatory processes. Pharmacological interventions targeting social deficits have largely centered around oxytocin (OT). While some clinical trials have shown promising results for OT in addressing social impairments, others have reported inconsistent outcomes, with concerns about its weak and variable effects. The central OT system is exceptionally complex, given its interactions with several neuromodulatory systems. This review explores the dynamic relationship between the OT and opioid systems in regulating social behavior and their potential therapeutic applications. Despite the known physiological relationship between the opioid and OT systems, many questions about the effects of their interaction on social behavior remain unanswered. Recent research investigating the combined effects of OT and opioid antagonists has reported promising results in improving social functioning. Here, we highlight key challenges in this area, including how to manipulate the OT and opioid systems without disrupting their natural balance, understanding their role in real-world social contexts, and achieving precise modulation of their effects. Evaluating these points will require cutting-edge neuroscience techniques, such as optogenetics, CRISPR, and designer ligands, to refine our understanding and pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies to improve social functioning.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144219459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “NPCC4: Climate change and New York City's health risk”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15382","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Matte, T., Lane, K., Tipaldo, J. F., Barnes, J., Knowlton, K., Torem, E., Anand, G., Yoon, L., Marcotullio, P., Balk, D., Constible, J., Elszasz, H., Ito, K., Jessel, S., Limaye, V., Parks, R., Rutigliano, M., Sorenson, C., &amp; Yuan, A. (2024). NPCC4: Climate change and New York city's health risk. &lt;i&gt;Ann NY Acad Sci&lt;/i&gt;., 1539, 185–240. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15115&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;The original text provided estimates in Section 3.1.2 and Figure 3 of annual heat-exacerbated deaths in New York City (NYC) based on the NYC Health Department's “2023 NYC Heat-Related Mortality Report,” cited as Ref. 25. The NYC Health Department has since published a report&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; correcting an error in the original code and updating the analysis to better account for temporal patterns in COVID-19 mortality. The NYC Health Department has posted an explanatory note online&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and released a corrected “2024 NYC Heat-Related Mortality Report.”&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;figure&gt;&lt;picture&gt;\u0000&lt;source media=\"(min-width: 1650px)\" srcset=\"/cms/asset/c32657e1-84ab-479e-97ca-21a2c5c93f87/nyas15382-fig-0001-m.jpg\"/&gt;&lt;img alt=\"Details are in the caption following the image\" data-lg-src=\"/cms/asset/c32657e1-84ab-479e-97ca-21a2c5c93f87/nyas15382-fig-0001-m.jpg\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"/cms/asset/efa09140-825a-469a-a4e9-54e9a341ea11/nyas15382-fig-0001-m.png\" title=\"Details are in the caption following the image\"/&gt;&lt;/picture&gt;&lt;figcaption&gt;\u0000&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;FIGURE 3&lt;span style=\"font-weight:normal\"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;div&gt;Open in figure viewer&lt;i aria-hidden=\"true\"&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span&gt;PowerPoint&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;\u0000&lt;/div&gt;\u0000&lt;div&gt;Annual average heat-exacerbated deaths for extreme heat event (EHE) days, and days reaching a maximum temperature of 82°F or higher, including EHE days, in 5-year moving time windows, 1971–2020, New York City. EHE days were defined as at least 2 consecutive days with 95°F or higher daily maximum heat index (HI) or any day with a maximum HI of 100°F or higher. The EHE and days at or above 82°F estimates come from separate regression models. &lt;i&gt;Source&lt;/i&gt;: 2024 New York City Heat-Related Mortality Report.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;\u0000&lt;/figcaption&gt;\u0000&lt;/figure&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;The corrected text and figure, based on the corrected report, are below. The figure layout has been revised for clarity. The &lt;i&gt;x&lt;/i&gt;-axis labels in the figure correspond to the end of each time period rather than the beginning.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Corrected text&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;\u0000&lt;p&gt;In its 2023 report,&lt;sup&gt;25&lt;/sup&gt; the NYC Health Department estimates that hot weather, defined as days with a maximum temperature reaching 82°F or hotter, kills an estimated 560 NYC residents each year, on average. This includes an annual average of seven heat-stress deaths from 2012 to 2021. By contrast, an annual average of 555 heat-exacerbated deaths occurred from 2016 to 2020; 116 of those deaths occurred during extreme heat events, defined by the National Weather Service (NWS) heat advisory threshold for NYC&lt;sup&gt;26&lt;/sup&gt;: “at least two","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144202389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The conundrum of esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction: Answers to key clinical questions","authors":"Kristle Lee Lynch, C. Prakash Gyawali, Enrique Coss‐Adame, Stefano Siboni, Christopher Vélez, Abraham Khan, Pierfrancesco Visaggi, Joshua A. Sloan, Sravanya Gavini, Marco Sozzi, Justin Wu","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15362","url":null,"abstract":"Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by abnormal esophagogastric junction residual pressures in the setting of intact esophageal body peristalsis. This manometric finding is most clinically relevant in patients with dysphagia and chest pain, and may arise from various mechanisms, including structural processes, catheter positioning artifact, and medications. Rarely, manometric EGJOO is a consequence of abnormal relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) akin to achalasia. Thus, it is critical in the evaluation of EGJOO to determine if a true pressure gradient exists across the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) that warrants therapy. There are many unanswered questions in EGJOO diagnosis and management, which are addressed in this review in the context of the use of provocative maneuvers during high‐resolution manometry, complementary and alternate testing, and therapeutic options.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Positive social relations, loneliness, and immune system gene regulation","authors":"Sung‐Ha Lee, Jeanyung Chey, Incheol Choi, Yoosik Youm, Steve Cole","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15372","url":null,"abstract":"Perceived isolation (i.e., loneliness) has been linked to an immune response gene profile known as the conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA), but little is known about how positive social relations might affect human genome function. We analyzed two studies of Korean adults to determine whether the positive qualities of an individual's general social relations with others (warmth, satisfaction, and trust; as measured by the Positive Relations with Others [PRWO] subscale of the The Ryff Scales of Psychological Well‐being) might be inversely associated with CTRA gene expression. In Study 1 (53 participants, mean age = 72 years, 47% female), PRWO were significantly associated with reduced CTRA profiles, even after controlling for loneliness. Similarly, in Study 2 (152 participants, mean age = 45 years, 50% female), PRWO were significantly associated with reduced CTRA profiles, particularly in the context of higher collectivism. These findings suggest that gene regulatory correlates of social flourishing extend beyond the absence of loneliness, and may contribute to health advantages associated with social well‐being. Loneliness and social flourishing may not simply represent opposite ends of a single continuum but rather function as related yet distinct processes affecting human molecular well‐being.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The unseen teen: Social platforms and accountability for addressing adolescent well‐being","authors":"Kellie Owens, Amanda Lenhart","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15375","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescent mental health issues are of growing concern, with many pointing to social media platforms as exacerbating the problem. Based on interviews with 25 social media and social gaming platform employees, this study interrogates product design processes within companies to understand if and how adolescent well‐being is considered when building online platforms. Our findings suggest that companies do not generally consider adolescent well‐being in their product design, and when they do, may choose not to enact needed changes. Instead, our analysis suggests that companies design for an imagined average user, ignoring subgroups with needs that, if addressed, would bring benefits for everyone. They may also employ strategic ignorance by not collecting data on adolescents’ use of their platforms or by creating structures that absolve staff from responsibility for youth mental health. Public health practitioners can reduce burdens on adolescents and families for managing their use of online platforms by holding platform companies accountable for design choices that lead to diminished adolescent well‐being. To do this, public health practitioners could collect granular, updated data on adolescents’ use of social media, create detailed pictures of how different types of adolescents use different products, develop structural measures of well‐being for adolescents online, and recommend product changes.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual‐modality study on the neural features of cochlear implant simulated tone and consonant perception","authors":"Leqiang Cao, Qi Zheng, Yubo Wu, Hongxing Liu, Mingkun Guo, Yanru Bai, Guangjian Ni","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15380","url":null,"abstract":"Accurately perceiving lexical tones and consonants is critical for understanding speech in tonal languages. Cochlear implant (CI) users exhibit reduced phonetic perception due to spectral loss in CI encoding, yet the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. This study combined electroencephalography and functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to investigate the neural processing mechanisms of CI‐simulated channelized speech in 26 normal‐hearing adults during the processing of tones (T1–T4) and consonants (“ba,” “da,” “ga,” “za”). Results showed that the N1 amplitude in auditory evoked potentials was significantly lower for channelized speech than a natural human voice (NH), particularly for T2 and T4 tones, indicating a weaker perception of channelized speech. Functional connectivity analysis revealed that an NH exhibited significantly higher synchrony in the δ and θ frequency bands than channelized speech, which was more pronounced in the right temporal lobe. This finding was also observed with “za” consonants. fNIRS results showed stronger right temporal lobe activation for channelized speech, suggesting that the brain requires greater auditory effort to process channelized speech. Combining both modalities revealed neural compensatory mechanisms underlying channelized speech—manifesting as “low‐efficiency perception with high cognitive load.” This study provides potential biomarkers for CI rehabilitation assessment and a foundation for future research.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term language switching training reveals an adaptive cerebellar network for bilingual language control.","authors":"Qianwen Chang,Fengyang Ma,Qiming Yuan,Mo Chen,Taomei Guo","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15365","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have revealed that the cerebellum is involved in bilingual language control. In the present study, we further examined the cerebellum's role in bilingual language control and the plasticity of the cerebellar network using a training paradigm. Two groups of Chinese-English bilinguals performed the same language switching task in the pre-test and post-test sessions during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. After the pre-test, only the training group received an 8-day training in language switching. Results showed that bilingual language control was associated with a cerebellar network including multiple posterior cerebellar subregions as well as the anterior cerebellum (i.e., lobules IV-V). Furthermore, the cerebellar network exhibited adaptive changes with enhanced local neural efficiency and network connectivity after training. For the first time, our study revealed the plasticity of the cerebellar network in bilingual language control.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144146047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active predators do not necessarily specialize in sedentary prey: A simulation model","authors":"Inon Scharf","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15379","url":null,"abstract":"Predators employ diverse foraging modes, ranging from ambush to active pursuit of prey. While ambush predators are associated with capturing mobile prey, the specialization of active predators on sedentary prey remains less understood. I examined the circumstances under which active predators preferentially capture sedentary prey. Using a spatially explicit individual‐based simulation model, I manipulated the spatial patterns of sedentary prey, movement directionality, speed of mobile prey and active predators, and the presence of competing ambush predators. Key factors such as area‐restricted search (ARS) by active predators, uncertain capture success of prey, and prey reappearance after capture were also considered. The results suggest that active predators do not necessarily specialize in sedentary prey. Instead, their prey preference is influenced by prey spatial patterns and competition with ambush predators: clumped spatial patterns of sedentary prey and the use of ARS by active predators as well as competition with ambush predators drove active predators to focus on sedentary prey. Conversely, nondirectional movement by predators and faster‐moving prey often led to higher proportions of mobile prey being captured. These findings challenge traditional assumptions about active predator specialization and emphasize the importance of integrating spatial and behavioral dynamics into predator–prey models.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}