Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences最新文献

{"title":"New York State Climate Impacts Assessment Chapter 08: Society and Economy","authors":"Luis Aguirre-Torres, Robin Leichenko, Mary Austerman, Deborah Balk, Hallie E. Bond, Riobart E. Breen, David Burgy, Cassandra John, Franchelle Parker, Kenneth Schlather, Amanda Stevens","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15199","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is affecting or will affect the lives of every resident of New York State. This chapter examines the impacts of climate change on five critical areas in the state: populations and migration, the economy, education, culture, and government. The chapter highlights differential vulnerabilities among the state's regions, populations, workers, and businesses, paying particular attention to issues of equity and environmental justice.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New York State Climate Impacts Assessment Chapter 09: Transportation","authors":"Amy Macdonald, Joan McDonald, Thomas Schmitt, Hua Cai, Jennifer Ceponis, Cheila Cullen, Projjal Dutta, Andrea Cristina Ruiz, Amanda Stevens","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15198","url":null,"abstract":"The transportation sector's functionality depends on climate conditions. Many New York State residents, communities, businesses, and institutions have already experienced transportation-related climate change impacts, and many more will experience impacts in the future. This chapter examines climate change impacts on the various modes of transportation in New York State. It also highlights climate-driven vulnerabilities among the state's communities, workers, regions, and businesses, with particular attention paid to issues of equity and environmental justice.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New York State Climate Impacts Assessment Chapter 02: New York State's Changing Climate","authors":"Christopher Lamie, Daniel Bader, Kathryn Graziano, Radley Horton, Kecil John, Natalie O'Hern, Sophia Spungin, Amanda Stevens","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15240","url":null,"abstract":"Many fundamental aspects of New York State's climate have already begun to change, and the changes are projected to continue—and in some cases, accelerate—throughout the 21st century. This chapter explores observed and projected changes in a variety of physical variables that relate directly to weather and climate, starting with average and extreme air temperature and proceeding to the associated effects on precipitation, extreme events, and core properties of New York's coastal and inland waters. These climate attributes and hazards lead to impacts throughout the eight sectors of this assessment.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New York State Climate Impacts Assessment Chapter 04: Buildings","authors":"Nicholas B. Rajkovich, Carrie Brown, Illya Azaroff, Erik Backus, Shannon Clarke, Jared Enriquez, Bethany Greenaway, Meghan T. Holtan, Jamal Lewis, Ozgem Ornektekin, Laurie Schoeman, Amanda Stevens","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15200","url":null,"abstract":"New York State has nearly 5.3 million buildings, and all of them are vulnerable in some way to the impacts of climate change. Understanding these impacts is critical, because risks to buildings not only threaten individual lives but also pose threats to community-level resilience. This chapter examines the impacts of climate change on buildings and, by extension, the people and communities they shelter and support. It also highlights building types and populations that are at particular risk and presents adaptation strategies to protect the state's existing and future building stock from climate impacts.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New York State Climate Impacts Assessment Chapter 03: Agriculture","authors":"Deborah Aller, Allison M. Chatrchyan, Alejandro Calixto, Jaime Cummings, Ariel Ortiz-Bobea, Gregory Peck, Junior Schouten, Benjamin Weikert, Elizabeth Wolters, Amanda Stevens","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15192","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture is a vital industry in New York State, which ranks among the top-producing states for dairy, fruits, and several other commodities. As agriculture depends on the weather and specific climatic conditions, this sector faces extraordinary challenges as New York's climate changes. This chapter explores the many impacts of a changing climate on agriculture, the ways these impacts interact with other challenges that New York farmers and farmworkers face, and opportunities for the agriculture industry to adapt and build resilience.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of the glucagon receptor antagonist volagidemab in type-1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Deep Dutta, A. B. M. Kamrul-Hasan, Vineet Surana, Rajiv Singla, Deepak Khandelwal, Sameer Aggarwal, Lakshmi Nagendra, Saptarshi Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15262","url":null,"abstract":"The glucagon receptor antagonist (GRA) volagidemab is the first-in-class fully human monoclonal antibody that inhibits glucagon receptor. GRA can improve glycemia by reducing endogenous glucose production and reduce risks of diabetic ketoacidosis by suppressing ketogenesis. This systematic review and meta-analysis analyzed the efficacy and safety of volagidemab in type-1 diabetes (T1D). Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving T1D patients receiving volagidemab. The primary outcome was to evaluate changes in total daily dose (TDD) of insulin. The secondary outcomes were to evaluate changes in measures of glycemia, hypoglycemia, and adverse events. Data from 3 RCTs (98 patients) were analyzed. Volagidemab (70 mg/week) was associated with a significant reduction in TDD of insulin requirement (mean difference [MD]: −8.45 units/day (95% confidence interval [CI]: [−12.09, −4.81]); <i>I</i>² = 83%; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and average blood glucose (MD: −21.42 mg/dL (95% CI: [−37.10, −5.74]); <i>I</i>² = 88%; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), compared to placebo. Volagidemab use was associated with a significant increase in time in range (blood glucose: 70–180 mg/dL) (MD: 10.93% (95% CI: [6.69, 15.17]); <i>I</i>² = 55%; <i>p </i>&lt; 0.01) and significant reduction in time above range (blood glucose &gt;180 mg/dL) (MD: −11.93% (95% CI: [−14.71, −9.15]); <i>I</i>² = 6%; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) without any impact on time below range (blood glucose &lt;70 mg/dL) (MD: 0.14% (95% CI: [−0.56, 0.84]); <i>I</i>² = 0%; <i>p</i> = 0.70), compared to placebo. Occurrence of treatment-emergent adverse events (odds ratio [OR]: 0.96 (95% CI: [0.36, 2.56]); <i>I</i>² = 8%; <i>p</i> = 0.94) and hypoglycemia (OR: 0.56 (95% CI: [0.11, 2.89]); <i>I</i>² = 0%; <i>p </i>= 0.49) were similar among volagidemab users as compared to placebo. Short-term volagidemab use was associated with significant reduction in insulin requirement along with improvement in glycemia.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142760766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay of elasticity and flow velocity on gorgonian feeding and implications for bioinspired design","authors":"Matea Santiago, Laura A. Miller","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15250","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence shows that gorgonians are more resistant to ocean acidification and rising temperatures than hard corals and are vital to reef health and the reestablishment of disrupted coral reef communities. Gorgonian coral's resilience and its diversity of morphology and environment make it well-suited as a model organism for bioinspired design applied to particle capture. We focus on flow near the polyps, using an updated form of the immersed boundary method to model the fluid–structure interaction of the flexible polyps and the surrounding ocean water. The inlet velocity and the polyp elasticity are simultaneously varied to gain insight into (1) how these parameters affect the emergent reconfiguration of their tentacles and (2) how the interaction of the reconfiguration and inlet velocity impacts passive particle capture. Two main behaviors are observed: a recirculation regime, in which particles recirculate in a region near the oral disk, and a unidirectional regime, in which the particles move unidirectionally through the tentacles without recirculation. Our results show that different regimes support different feeding strategies. We apply these results as bioinspired filtration, discussing how an elastic material could benefit specific engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142760774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “On the risk of abrupt changes in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre in CMIP6 models”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15268","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Swingedouw, D., Bily, A., Esquerdo, C., Borchert, L. F., Sgubin, G., Mignot, J., &amp; Menary, M. (2021). On the risk of abrupt changes in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre in CMIP6 models. <i>Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences</i>, <i>1504</i>(1), 187–201.</p>\u0000<p>Figure 1, line 2, contains an error. “SPG (70–20°W, 45–60°N)” should have been “SPG (50–10°W, 45–60°N)”.</p>\u0000<p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142742802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the mosaic model of brain evolution: Rearing environment defines local and global plasticity","authors":"Magda L. Dumitru, Anders Martin Frugård Opdal","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15267","url":null,"abstract":"Comparative animal studies have identified a trend toward a more global structural organization as brains become larger, suggesting that brain regions grow in sync as predicted by the concerted model of brain evolution. At the same time, brain plasticity studies have identified a boost in local brain structure triggered by the environment, suggesting that brain regions grow independently, as predicted by the mosaic model. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether the environment can also trigger shifts toward a more global brain structure, that is, whether phenotypic plasticity proceeds in a concerted fashion. Here, we examined the impact of radically different rearing environments on brain organization in a teleost fish, the three-spined stickleback (<i>Gasterosteus aculeatus</i>). We computed novel indices of local and global brain structure across groups reared in the two environments and entered them as predictors of differences in brain and body sizes. Changes in local brain structure predicted differences in both body and brain sizes, whereas changes in global brain structure only predicted differences in brain size. Our findings highlight the emergence of brain plasticity in a population as local and global changes that are both compatible with the concerted model.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Credit and blame for AI–generated content: Effects of personalization in four countries","authors":"Brian D. Earp, Sebastian Porsdam Mann, Peng Liu, Ivar Hannikainen, Maryam Ali Khan, Yueying Chu, Julian Savulescu","doi":"10.1111/nyas.15258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.15258","url":null,"abstract":"Generative artificial intelligence (AI) raises ethical questions concerning moral and legal responsibility—specifically, the attributions of credit and blame for AI-generated content. For example, if a human invests minimal skill or effort to produce a beneficial output with an AI tool, can the human still take credit? How does the answer change if the AI has been personalized (i.e., fine-tuned) on previous outputs produced without AI assistance by the same human? We conducted a preregistered experiment with representative sampling (<i>N</i> = 1802) repeated in four countries (United States, United Kingdom, China, and Singapore). We investigated laypeople's attributions of credit and blame to human users for producing beneficial or harmful outputs with a standard large language model (LLM), a personalized LLM, or no AI assistance (control condition). Participants generally attributed more credit to human users of personalized versus standard LLMs for beneficial outputs, whereas LLM type did not significantly affect blame attributions for harmful outputs, with a partial exception among Chinese participants. In addition, UK participants attributed more blame for using any type of LLM versus no LLM. Practical, ethical, and policy implications of these findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":8250,"journal":{"name":"Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences","volume":"238 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142696907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}