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{"title":"Cinnamaldehyde Alleviates Alveolar Epithelial Cell Injury in ALI by Inhibiting the CaMKII Pathway.","authors":"Lei Liu, Hao Zhang, Siming Chen, Wankang Dian, Zhou Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s12013-024-01544-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12013-024-01544-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alveolar epithelial cell injury plays a key role in acute lung injury (ALI) and is a vital determinant of its severity. Here, we aimed to assess the protective effects of cinnamaldehyde (CA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced A549 cells and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. A549 cells were stimulated with 1 μg/mL LPS for 24 h to establish an alveolar epithelial cell injury model and subsequently treated with CA or Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor KN93. Flow cytometry, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, and lactate dehydrogenase release assays were used to evaluate apoptosis, cell viability, and lactate dehydrogenase activity, respectively. Levels of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis tactor-α, and interferon-γ) and oxidative stress markers (reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and specific assay kits, respectively. Furthermore, levels of apoptosis-related proteins (cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2-associated X, and Bcl-2) and CaMKII were assessed via western blotting. CA did not exhibit significant cytotoxicity in A549 cells. It dose-dependently improved the cell viability, suppressed apoptosis, decreased cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl-2-associated X levels, and increased Bcl-2 levels in LPS-treated A549 cells. It also inhibited inflammatory factor release and oxidative stress in LPS-induced A549 cells. Similar results were observed in the KN93- and CA-treated groups. Western blotting assay revealed that CA and KN93 inhibited CaMKII pathway activation, as indicated by the reduced p-CaMKII and p-phospholamban (PLN) levels and p-CaMKII/CaMKII and p-PLN/PLN ratios. Overall, CA alleviated alveolar epithelial cell injury by inhibiting the inflammatory response and oxidative stress and inducing cell apoptosis in LPS-induced A549 cells by regulating the CaMKII pathway, serving as a potential candidate for ALI prevention and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":510,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":"1097-1104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142306878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Bioactivity of Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco and Its Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus: Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Effects.","authors":"Sharika Noshin, Rahul Dev Bairagi, Sadia Airin, Dipa Debnath, Md Sohanur Rahaman, Amit Kumar Acharzo, Most Nazmin Aktar, Mohammed Bourhia, Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah, Md Amirul Islam","doi":"10.1007/s12013-024-01553-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12013-024-01553-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mangrove fungi provide a vast and unexplored source of diverse and unique chemicals and biological properties. The plant Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco and its endophytic fungus aspergillus species were collected from different sites of the Baleswar river region in Sundarban. Hence, we compared the antioxidant properties of the associated fungus ACSF-1 and the methanolic bark extract of Aegiceras corniculatum (MBAC) by measuring the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and DPPH free radical assay. Subsequently, antimicrobial activity was measured using the disc diffusion method, and cytotoxic activity was measured using the brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The results showed that MBAC has even more DPPH scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 44.036 μg/mL), TPC (310.275 mg GAE/g), and TFC (66.275 mg QE/g) in comparison with DPPH scavenging activity (IC₅₀ = 92.542 μg/mL), TPC (234.832 mg GAE/g), and TFC (134.887 mg QE/g) in ACSF-1. The median lethal concentration value (LC₅₀) of MBAC and ACSF-1 was found to be 43.93 μg/mL and 336.84 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, MBAC showed a dose-dependent antimicrobial response to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, whereas ACSF-1 was found to have activity against Bacillus subtilis and S. aureus. These results emphasize the unique pharmacological characteristics of both the plant and fungus, indicating their potential usefulness in various therapeutic fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":510,"journal":{"name":"Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics","volume":" ","pages":"1197-1206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142714846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, DFT study, in silico ADMET evaluation, molecular docking, and QSAR analysis of new anti-tuberculosis drugs derived from 2-hydroxybenzohydrazide derivatives.","authors":"Alaa E Hassanien, Ghada Elsherbiny, Gamal M Abdelfattah, Marwa M Abdel-Aziz, Eman A El-Hagrassey","doi":"10.1007/s11030-025-11130-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11030-025-11130-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the potential of novel thiazole and hydroxybenzohydrazide derivatives as antitubercular agents. Using molecular docking and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the binding affinities of these derivatives to the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) enzyme of M. tb were assessed. InhA is crucial for the mycobacterial fatty acid synthase II (FAS-II) pathway, making it a prime target for drug development. QSAR analysis was employed to relate molecular descriptors to biological activity, and ADMET descriptors evaluated the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of the compounds. Experimental synthesis of the compounds and their characterization via IR and NMR spectroscopy confirmed their structures. DFT calculations revealed multiple conformers for each compound, with specific isomers showing enhanced stability and favorable binding interactions with InhA. These findings suggest that the synthesized derivatives have potential as new antitubercular agents, offering a basis for future drug development strategies against multidrug-resistant TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":708,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Diversity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143530855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry data of human skin treated with diclofenac using sparse autoencoder.","authors":"Atsumi Shinozaki, Kazuhiro Matsuda, Satoka Aoyagi","doi":"10.1007/s00216-024-05711-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00216-024-05711-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Methods that facilitate molecular identification and imaging are required to evaluate drug penetration into tissues. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), which has high spatial resolution and allows 3D distribution imaging of organic materials, is suitable for this purpose. However, the complexity of ToF-SIMS data, which includes nonlinear factors, makes interpretation challenging. Therefore, in this study, ToF-SIMS data of a stratum corneum treated with diclofenac were analyzed using machine learning to enable the evaluation of drug distribution. Diclofenac-related mass peaks were identified using autoencoder results, and the degree of penetration was evaluated across 2-20^th stripped tapes. In addition, the permeation pathway was clarified by comparing the secondary ion images of phosphatidylethanolamine (PhEA; a marker of the inside of the cell); cholesterol, which is abundant in cell membranes; and diclofenac. Based on the biomolecule-related ion images showing the penetration pathway of diclofenac applied to the skin, diclofenac penetrates both the extracellular space and inside cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":462,"journal":{"name":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry","volume":" ","pages":"1049-1054"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142891275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Electron Beam Treatment of Composite ATZ and TZP Ceramics on Surface Topography and Reaction of Osteoblast-Like Cells","authors":"A. E. Petrov,&nbsp;I. Yu. Bakeev,&nbsp;A. A. Zenin,&nbsp;A. S. Klimov","doi":"10.1134/S1027451024701672","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451024701672","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present the effect of electron beam treatment on the surface roughness of composite ceramics as well as on the behavior of osteoblast-like cells seeded on the surface. Aluminum oxide and zirconium dioxide based composite ceramics and tetragonal zirconium dioxide stabilized yttrium oxide based ceramics were selected as materials. Sandblasting and electron beam treatment were used as surface modification methods. Micrographs of the sample surface and section after electron beam treatment are presented. Differentiation at the stage of osteoblast formation was assessed by the expression of osteocalcin (BGLAP) genes. An increase in the expression of BGLAP gene responsible for osteocalcin production after surface modification by electron beam was shown. The BGLAP gene expression was higher on tetragonal zirconium dioxide stabilized with yttrium oxide material, compared to a composite material based on zirconium dioxide with the addition of 20% aluminum oxide, at all roughness values studied, including polished surface. To analyze cell proliferation, they were stained with alizarin red on the surface of a zirconium dioxide material stabilized with yttrium oxide. It has been shown that an increase in roughness leads to increased cell proliferation.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"18 6","pages":"1656 - 1661"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Heat Input on the Microstructure and Phase Composition of Additively Manufactured Ti–6Al–4V Alloy","authors":"K. D. Kamelina,&nbsp;A. V. Panin,&nbsp;M. S. Syrtanov","doi":"10.1134/S1027451024701453","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451024701453","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Optical microscopy and X-ray phase analysis are used to investigate the grain structure and phase composition of Ti–6Al–4V titanium-alloy samples produced by wire-feed electron beam additive manufacturing using a linear strategy. X-ray fluorescence analysis is employed to examine the elemental composition of the Ti–6Al–4V alloy samples fabricated through 3D printing. The samples are rectangular plates cut from bars, which are produced under varying thermal-exposure parameters, specifically different beam currents and 3D-printing speeds. We compare the elemental composition of the printed Ti–6Al–4V samples with that of the wire from which they were produced. The effect of heat-input magnitude on the sizes of primary β‑phase grains and α-phase plates in the samples and the volumetric fraction of the residual β phase is determined. We demonstrate how the sizes of primary β-phase grains and α-phase plates, along with the volumetric fraction of the residual β-phase, change with increasing distance from the contact point of the samples with the substrate. We propose hypotheses regarding the causes of these changes. The effect of the substrate on the elemental and phase composition of the samples is also shown.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"18 6","pages":"1495 - 1500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ion Beam Emittance Measurements of Proton Injector for Compact Neutron Source DARIA","authors":"S. S. Vybin,&nbsp;I. V. Izotov,&nbsp;V. A. Skalyga,&nbsp;A. V. Polyakov,&nbsp;A. F. Bokhanov","doi":"10.1134/S1027451024701611","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451024701611","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article is devoted to measurement of proton beam parameters as one of the stages of proton injector for linear accelerator of compact neutron source DARIA development. Experimental results of ion source operating modes investigation are presented in this work. Gasdynamic electron-cyclotron resonance ion source GISMO is used as a proton injector. The plasma of the ion source is characterized as dense (the electron density is about 10¹³ cm^–3) and hot (the electron temperature is about 30 eV). High volumetric energy input in plasma (up to 250 W cm^–3) is achieved by the use of powerful “technological” gyrotron radiation to the plasma heating. The total ion beam current and beam emittance measurements were conducted during experiment at different facility parameters: inlet gas pressure, microwave power, magnetic lens current, and extraction voltage. The beam emittance was measured using pepper-pot method. The optimal ion source operation mode was found. The total beam current was above 100 mA at the proton beam energy of 40 keV, and the root-mean square normalized emittance was 0.21 π mm mrad. The obtained results of measurements are beneficial from the point of view of possibilities to control the ion source operating modes.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"18 6","pages":"1615 - 1622"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Annealing on the Microstructure and Structural-Phase State of Nanoscale Multilayer Zr/Nb Coatings after Irradiation with He+ Ions","authors":"R. S. Laptev,&nbsp;E. N. Stepanova,&nbsp;A. D. Lomygin,&nbsp;D. G. Krotkevich,&nbsp;A. A. Sidorin,&nbsp;O. S. Orlov","doi":"10.1134/S1027451024701404","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1027451024701404","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Radiation degradation is a serious problem affecting the service life of many structural materials used in harsh environments. Modern research is aimed at developing materials with improved mechanical and physical properties, as well as increased resistance to radiation damage. Nanoscale multilayer coatings are one such material. The effect of annealing on the microstructure, defect structure, and mechanical properties of nanoscale multilayer materials consisting of alternating Zr and Nb layers after irradiation with He⁺ ions was studied. Multilayers Zr/Nb materials were prepared by magnetron sputtering, with the thickness of each layer being 50 nm. Analysis was performed using the following techniques: positron annihilation spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Defects in the structure were investigated layer by layer using a variable energy positron beam and Doppler broadening spectroscopy. Analysis of changes in nanohardness, Young’s modulus, and structural-phase state has shown that the multilayer structure is preserved in Zr/Nb multilayers with a thicknesses of individual layer of 50 nm after irradiation with He⁺ ions and subsequent annealing in the range from 100 to 300°C.</p>","PeriodicalId":671,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Surface Investigation: X-ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques","volume":"18 6","pages":"1460 - 1465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling soil organic carbon at multiple depths in woody encroached grasslands using integrated remotely sensed data","authors":"Sfundo Mthiyane,&nbsp;Onisimo Mutanga,&nbsp;Trylee Nyasha Matongera,&nbsp;John Odindi","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13671-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13671-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Woody plants encroachment into grasslands has considerable hydrological and biogeochemical consequences to grassland soils that include altering the Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) pool. Consequently, continuous SOC stock assessment and evaluation at deeper soil depths of woody encroached grasslands is essential for informed management and monitoring of the phenomenon. Due to high litter biomass and deep root structures, woody encroached landscapes have been suggested to alter the accumulation of SOC at deeper soil layers; however, the extent at which woody plants sequester SOC within localized protected grasslands is still poorly understood. Remote sensing methods and techniques have recently been popular in SOC analysis due to better spatial and spectral data properties as well as the availability of affordable and eco-friendly data. In this regard, this study sought to quantify the accumulation of SOC at various depths (30 cm, 60 cm, and 100 cm) in a woody-encroached grassland by integrating Sentinel-1 (S1), Sentinel-2 (S2), PlanetScope (PS) satellite imagery, and topographic variables. SOC was quantified from 360 field-collected soil samples using the loss-On-Ignition (LOI) method and spatial distribution of SOC across the Bisley Nature Reserve modelled by employing the Random Forest (RF) algorithm. The study’s results demonstrate that the integration of topographic variables, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), and PlanetScope data effectively modelled SOC stocks at all investigated soil depths, with high <i>R</i>² values of 0.79 and RMSE of 0.254 t/ha. Interestingly, SOC stocks were higher at 30 cm compared to 60 cm and 100 cm depths. The horizontal reception (VH), Slope, Topographic Weightiness Index (TWI), Band 11 and vertical reception (VV) were optimal predictors of SOC in woody encroached landscapes. These results highlight the significance of integrating RF model with spectral data and topographic variables for accurate SOC modelling in woody encroached ecosystems. The findings of this study are pivotal for developing a cost-effective and labour-efficient assessment and monitoring system for the appropriate management of SOC in woody encroached habitats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-025-13671-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicon-based narrowband photodetectors with blade-coated perovskite light extinction layer for high performance visible-blind NIR detection","authors":"Qihao Huang,&nbsp;Liting Tao,&nbsp;Hongliang Zhu,&nbsp;Wenxin Lin,&nbsp;Jianjun Chen,&nbsp;Yanjun Fang","doi":"10.1007/s10854-025-14454-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-025-14454-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>NIR narrowband imaging is highly desirable for its applications in biological sensing, environmental monitoring and military defense. Unfortunately, it cannot be fulfilled by the most widely used silicon-based photodetectors due to their broadband response. Herein, we present novel silicon-based narrowband photodetectors (Si-NBPDs) with the wavelength response ranging from 800 to 1200 nm, by integrating the perovskite light extinction layer with the Si-based metal–semiconductor-metal photodetectors. The perovskite layer was prepared by a low-cost and scalable methylamine-assisted blading-coating method, and its thickness was comprehensively modulated to achieve the highest visible to NIR rejection ratio up to 120. Impressively, these Si-NBPDs exhibited a high sensitivity with the lowest detectable light intensity down to 200 pW·cm⁻², a fast response speed with rise/fall time of 11/68 µs, and a large liner dynamic range of 120 dB. Furthermore, the proof-of-concept NIR imaging test exhibited that this photodetector was immune to visible background influence, which shows its promising applications in biological fluorescence imaging as the NIR-I&amp;II windows.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"36 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}