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{"title":"Post-marketing quality assessment of some brands of rosuvastatin tablets available in Jos, North-Central Nigeria","authors":"Ukpe Ajima,&nbsp;Rosemary Chioma Omeni,&nbsp;Johnson Ogoda Onah,&nbsp;Jane David,&nbsp;John Owunebe Ehoche","doi":"10.1186/s13065-025-01470-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-025-01470-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rosuvastatin is a synthetic statin medication approved for the management of lipid disorders and also for preventing cardiovascular disease in at-risk individuals. Generic rosuvastatin formulations have been developed which are comparatively lower in cost and also assumed to be bio-similar to the innovator brand Crestor^®. The present study investigated the chemical and physical attributes together with the in vitro bioequivalence profiles of four generic brands of rosuvastatin calcium tablets marketed in Jos, Nigeria in comparison to the reference brand. The tablet dimensions (thickness and diameter), weight variation, friability, hardness, disintegration time and dissolution profiles were evaluated in accordance to standard procedures. The samples were also assayed using Ultraviolet–Visible spectrophotometry at wavelength of 242.5 nm in methanol. In vitro bioequivalence was evaluated by determining the difference (<span>({text{f}}_{1})</span>) and similarity (<span>({text{f}}_{2})</span>) factors. The generic brands all complied with the pharmacopoeial specifications for weight variation, friability and disintegration. In addition, the tablet brands tested all had active drug content ranging from 94.92 to 109.2% and released over 80% of rosuvastatin calcium within the first twenty minutes of the dissolution studies thereby complying with pharmacopoeial requirements for content and dissolution respectively. All brands had similarity factor (<span>({text{f}}_{2})</span>) values ranging from 50 to 100 and difference factor (<span>({text{f}}_{1})</span>) values between 0 to 15% at pH 6.6, thus implying that the brands can be used interchangeably with the innovator brand. The chemical and physical tests carried out reveal that the locally marketed brands of rosuvastatin calcium are of good quality and meet the required regulatory standards.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bmcchem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13065-025-01470-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter interacting with individual conditions increase breast cancer incidence: a large-scale Chinese cohort","authors":"Yue Sun,&nbsp;Xia Meng,&nbsp;Dong Sun,&nbsp;Jian-yi Zhao,&nbsp;Canqing Yu,&nbsp;Meng Zhu,&nbsp;Liang Shi,&nbsp;Mingyi Sang,&nbsp;Ling Yang,&nbsp;Yiping Chen,&nbsp;Huaidong Du,&nbsp;Zhengming Chen,&nbsp;Hongbing Shen,&nbsp;Liming Li,&nbsp;Jun Lv,&nbsp;Haidong Kan,&nbsp;Qiang Ding,&nbsp;Dianjianyi Sun,&nbsp;the China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group","doi":"10.1186/s12302-025-01105-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12302-025-01105-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the impact of long-term fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) exposure on breast cancer incidence in a cohort of 281,152 women from the China Kadoorie Biobank who were initially free of breast cancer.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>PM_2.5 concentrations were estimated using a high-resolution satellite-based model, and breast cancer cases were ascertained through national databases. Over a median follow-up of 11.12 years, 2393 new breast cancer cases were reported. Analyses using Cox proportional hazard and restricted cubic spline models demonstrated a non-linear association between PM_2.5 exposure and breast cancer incidence, with a marked increase in risk observed once PM_2.5surpassed 53.6 μg/m³. For every 10 μg/m³ increase in PM_2.5, the hazard ratio for breast cancer incidence was 1.07 (95% confidence interval: 1.03–1.12). Furthermore, interactions were noted between PM_2.5, physical activity, and life satisfaction, indicating that high pollution levels may diminish the protective benefits of exercise and positive psychological well-being.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings highlight the need for stringent air pollution control measures and underscore the importance of integrated strategies that consider environmental, lifestyle, and psychological factors to reduce the burden of breast cancer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":546,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Sciences Europe","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s12302-025-01105-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring the structural, optoelectrical, and optical properties of the Al-doped ZnSnO3 thin films","authors":"I. M. El Radaf,&nbsp;H. Y. S. Al-Zahrani","doi":"10.1007/s10854-025-14841-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-025-14841-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the current research, undoped and Al-doped ZnSnO₃ thin films are fabricated by cost-effective spray pyrolysis at various Al ratios. The XRD measurements reveal a rhombohedral structure for the ZnSnO₃ and Al-doped ZnSnO₃ thin films. The reflectance, <i>R,</i> and transmittance, <i>T</i> measurements of the ZnSnO₃ and Al-doped ZnSnO₃ thin films were employed to evaluate the linear optical parameters like refractive index, energy gap, and absorption coefficient. The increase in Al content improves the refractive index values and reduces the energy gap from 3.46 to 2.93 eV. The nonlinear absorption coefficient and nonlinear refractive index of the ZnSnO₃ and Al-doped ZnSnO₃ thin films were improved by raising the Al content from 2.5 to 7.5 wt%. The optoelectrical measurements show a significant increase in carrier concentration and electrical conductivity with increasing Al content, while optical analysis demonstrates a maintained or improved transparency in the visible range. These results suggest that the Al-doped ZnSnO₃ films offer high conductivity and excellent optical transparency, which are crucial for transparent conductive oxide (TCO) applications. On the other hand, the rise in Al content reduces the sheet resistance of the examined ZnSnO₃ and Al-doped ZnSnO₃ thin films. The figure of merit of the ZnSnO₃ and Al-doped ZnSnO₃ thin films was increased by raising the Al content from 2.5 to 7.5 wt%. The optimized Al doping concentration for achieving the best balance between conductivity and transparency is discussed, and the potential of Al-doped ZTO as a competitive TCO material for next-generation photovoltaic and electronic devices is highlighted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"36 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic Analysis of Magnesia Spinel Formation by Thermal Analysis","authors":"N. V. Filatova,&nbsp;N. F. Kosenko,&nbsp;A. S. Artyushin","doi":"10.1134/S0036024425700281","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036024425700281","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thermal analysis of mixtures of various alumina precursors (powders of fused corundum, metallurgical alumina and non-metallurgical G-00, a product of combustion of xerogel from aluminum nitrate and citric acid) with periclase, at different heating rates, was performed. By analyzing the shape and position of exothermic peaks that corresponded to magnesia spinel MgAl₂O₄ formation, the effective values of the activation energy were determined according to the Kissinger, Augis–Bennett, and Ozawa equations, as well as the values of the Avrami coefficient. The effect of mechanical activation (MA) of reagents was analyzed. The joint treatment of periclase and corundum-containing reagents made it possible to reduce the activation energy (<i>E</i>_a) of the reaction by 15–20%. The pretreatment of one of the mixture components was the most appropriate for periclase, since it allowed to reduce <i>E</i>_a by ~14%, while the MA of corundum alone reduced this characteristic by only ~9%. The use of xerogel combustion product of aluminum oxide composition in the synthesis of spinel was very effective, as it accelerated the process by reducing <i>E</i>_a by ~11% even without MA. The values of the Avrami constant were in the range of 0.57–0.76, which corresponded to the mechanism of nucleation and crystal growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":767,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A","volume":"99 4","pages":"669 - 675"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CA1 induced dental follicle stem cells co-culture with dental pulp stem cells and loaded three-dimensional printed PCL/β-TCP scaffold: a novel strategy for alveolar cleft bone regeneration","authors":"Hao-Ran Zhao,&nbsp;Jin-Ze Zhao,&nbsp;Ning Zhao,&nbsp;Ling-Fa Xue,&nbsp;Yao-Xiang Xu,&nbsp;Jin Yue,&nbsp;Wen-Lin Xiao","doi":"10.1007/s10856-025-06889-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10856-025-06889-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Bone tissue engineering for alveolar clefts is in the early stages of development, and more research is needed to determine the optimal cell types, growth factors and delivery methods for the therapy.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We co-cultured Carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1) induced dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs) with dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). In vitro, the Lentivirus vector overexpressing CA1 (LV-CA1) gene was constructed, transfected into DFSCs, and co-cultured with DPSCs indirectly. Osteoblast biomarkers in differentiated DFSCs were detected using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. In vivo, establish a rat alveolar cleft model, transplanted stem cell Polycaprolactone/β-tricalcium phosphate (PCL/β-TCP) three-dimensional printed composite scaffold and samples were collected at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively. The osteogenic effect was evaluated through micro computed tomography and histomorphometric analysis.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In vitro, the activity of DFSCs in the LV-CA1+Co-culture group was increased, and the mRNA and protein expressions of CA1, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Bone morphogenetic proteins 2 (BMP2), and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) were amplified to varying degrees <i>(P</i> &lt; 0.05<i>)</i>. In vivo, micro-CT displayed at 4 and 8 weeks postoperatively, the LV-CA1+Co-culture group had a considerably higher percentage of new bone development (39.1% and 56.9%) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) than the other two groups. Histomorphometric analysis displayed the LV-CA1+Co-culture group had more newly formed bone trabeculae and immature collagen.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>A strategy based on a novel osteogenic gene CA1 and dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells co-culture is applied to the alveolar cleft, providing a novel idea for the application of bone tissue engineering in alveolar cleft bone grafting.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10856-025-06889-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lattice calculation of the (eta _ceta _c) and (J/psi J/psi ) s-wave scattering length","authors":"Yu Meng,&nbsp;Chuan Liu,&nbsp;Xin-Yu Tuo,&nbsp;Haobo Yan,&nbsp;Zhaolong Zhang","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14192-z","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14192-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We calculate the s-wave scattering length in the <span>(0^+)</span> sector of <span>(eta _ceta _c)</span> and the <span>(2^+)</span> sector of <span>(J/psi J/psi )</span> using three <span>(N_f=2)</span> twisted mass gauge ensembles with the pion mass <span>(300{-}365)</span> MeV and lattice spacing <span>(a=0.0667,0.085,0.098)</span> fm, respectively. The scattering lengths are extracted using the conventional Lüscher finite size method. We observe sizable discretization effects and the results after a continuum extrapolation are <span>(a^{0^+}_{eta _ceta _c}=-0.104(09))</span> fm and <span>(a^{2^+}_{J/psi J/psi }=-0.165(16))</span> fm. The slight difference of light quark mass is ignored in this study. Our results indicate that the interaction between the two respective charmonia are repulsive in nature in both cases.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14192-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: The Sirt1/FOXO signal pathway involves in regulating osteomyelitis progression via modulating mitochondrial dysfunctions and osteogenic differentiation","authors":"Runyao Zhang,&nbsp;Nannan Kou,&nbsp;Feifei Liu,&nbsp;Huan Tong,&nbsp;Shaobo Li,&nbsp;Lirong Ren","doi":"10.1007/s10735-025-10422-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10735-025-10422-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Histology","volume":"56 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Upper bound limit analysis of thin plates with a generalized conforming element formulated by the quadrilateral area coordinate method","authors":"Jiangtao Xia,&nbsp;Shenshen Chen,&nbsp;Pengyu Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s00419-025-02786-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00419-025-02786-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":477,"journal":{"name":"Archive of Applied Mechanics","volume":"95 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the Complexity of Alzheimer’s Disease: Insights into Etiology and Advancements in Treatment Strategies","authors":"Bakhtawar Khan,&nbsp;Muhammad Khalid Iqbal,&nbsp;Muhammad Ajmal Khan,&nbsp;Hamid Khan,&nbsp;Mubin Mustafa Kiyani,&nbsp;Shahid Bashir,&nbsp;Shao Li","doi":"10.1007/s12031-025-02337-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12031-025-02337-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alzheimer’s disease, a complex and progressive neurological disorder, is the leading cause of late-life dementia. Pathologically, it is marked by the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Over the past two decades, advancements in understanding the disease’s pathogenesis have spurred research into new pharmacological treatments that target its underlying mechanisms. Currently available drugs, such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (rivastigmine, galantamine, donepezil) and the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine, primarily address symptoms and are effective only in the later stages of the disease. While these medications can slow disease progression and provide symptomatic relief, they do not offer a cure. Despite having a clear understanding of Alzheimer’s neuropathology, the precise mechanisms driving the disease remain elusive. The lack of effective treatments that can stop the start and progression of the disease may be caused by our incomplete understanding of the pathogenic process. New therapeutic targets are now available due to the significant advancements made in pathophysiology over the past few years, which should allow for a direct attack on the underlying illness process. The various pathophysiological pathways that underlie Alzheimer’s disease and how it is managed by conventional medication therapy, including current exploratory therapeutic options, are covered in this review article. Innovative, beneficial policies are essential to determine and progress therapeutic molecules to defend against AD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Neuroscience","volume":"75 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Intermolecular Interaction in Graphene Flake-Lithium Structure","authors":"Hamed Ali Akbari,&nbsp;S. M. Azami","doi":"10.1134/S0036024425700360","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0036024425700360","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Molecule’s electron densities usually are considered for understanding how electrones condence about their spatial positions in a certain molecular structure. Electron densities also are examined as deformation densities which are defined as the difference between total electron density of complex and fragments. In this work, the deformation density is used for surveying of intermolecular interactions in various graphene flake-lithium structures according to same charge and spin multiplicity. Also, the effects of kinetic energy pressure (KEP) and relaxation have been shown with images of intermolecular interactions in our molecular complexes.</p>","PeriodicalId":767,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A","volume":"99 4","pages":"752 - 763"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}