Springer最新文献

{"title":"A new approach to superstring","authors":"A. Schwarz","doi":"10.1007/JHEP04(2025)021","DOIUrl":"10.1007/JHEP04(2025)021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We show how starting with one-string space of states in BRST formalism one can construct a large class of physical quantities containing, in particular, scattering amplitudes for bosonic string and superstring. The same techniques work for heterotic string.</p>","PeriodicalId":635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":"2025 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/JHEP04(2025)021.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variational Loop Vertex Expansion","authors":"Vasily Sazonov","doi":"10.1007/JHEP04(2025)032","DOIUrl":"10.1007/JHEP04(2025)032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Loop Vertex Expansion (LVE) was developed to construct QFT models with local and non-local interactions. Using LVE, one can prove the analyticity in the finite cardioid-like domain in the complex plain of the coupling constant of the free energies and cumulants of various vector, matrix, or tensor-type models. Here, applying the idea of choosing the initial approximation depending on the coupling constant, we construct the analytic continuation of the free energy of the quartic matrix model beyond the standard LVE cardioid over the branch cut and for arbitrary large couplings.</p>","PeriodicalId":635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":"2025 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/JHEP04(2025)032.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adiabatic Hydrodynamization and the emergence of attractors: a unified description of hydrodynamization in kinetic theory","authors":"Krishna Rajagopal,&nbsp;Bruno Scheihing-Hitschfeld,&nbsp;Rachel Steinhorst","doi":"10.1007/JHEP04(2025)028","DOIUrl":"10.1007/JHEP04(2025)028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>“Attractor” solutions for the pre-hydrodynamic, far-from-equilibrium, evolution of the matter produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions have emerged as crucial descriptors of the rapid hydrodynamization of quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Adiabatic Hydrodynamization (AH) has been proposed as a framework with which to describe, explain, and predict attractor behavior that draws upon an analogy to the adiabatic approximation in quantum mechanics. In this work, we systematize the description of pre-hydrodynamic attractors in kinetic theory by showing how to use the AH framework to identify these long-lived solutions to which varied initial conditions rapidly evolve, demonstrating the robustness of this framework. In a simplified QCD kinetic theory in the small-angle scattering limit, we use AH to explain both the early- and late-time scaling behavior of a longitudinally expanding gluon gas in a unified framework. In this context, we show that AH provides a unified description of, and intuition for, all the stages of what in QCD would be bottom-up thermalization, starting from a pre-hydrodynamic attractor and ending with hydrodynamization. We additionally discuss the connection between the notions of scaling behavior and adiabaticity and the crucial role of time-dependent coordinate redefinitions in identifying the degrees of freedom of kinetic theories that give rise to attractor solutions. The tools we present open a path to the intuitive explanation of how attractor behavior arises and how the attractor evolves in all stages of the hydrodynamization of QGP in heavy ion collisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":635,"journal":{"name":"Journal of High Energy Physics","volume":"2025 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/JHEP04(2025)028.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Some simple theories of gravity with propagating nonmetricity","authors":"Yusuke Mikura,&nbsp;Roberto Percacci","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14036-w","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14036-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate symmetric metric-affine theories of gravity with a Lagrangian containing all operators of dimension up to four that are relevant to free propagation in flat space. Complementing recent work in the antisymmetric case, we derive the conditions for the existence of a single massive particle with good properties, in addition to the graviton.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14036-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FMRP Controls Neuronal Architecture and Synaptic Content of NMDA Receptors in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons","authors":"Elisa Corti,&nbsp;Carlos B. Duarte","doi":"10.1007/s12031-025-02325-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12031-025-02325-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fragile X syndrome is the most common inherited form of intellectual disability and is caused by the transcriptional silencing of the <i>Fmr1</i> gene and the lack of fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein (FMRP). FMRP is an RNA-binding protein that regulates the synthesis of synaptic proteins which are essential for proper brain function. Although circuit hyperexcitability is a hallmark of fragile X syndrome (FXS), the cell-autonomous effects of FMRP deficiency remain poorly understood. In this work, we investigated the functional consequences of the absence of FMRP on neuronal morphology and on ionotropic glutamate receptor surface distribution, using primary cultures of mice hippocampal neurons isolated from wild-type (WT) and <i>Fmr1</i> knock-out (KO) pups. MAP2 staining of <i>Fmr1</i> KO neurons showed a decrease in total dendritic length and complexity of the dendritic tree, accompanied by an increase in soma size compared to WT neurons. Moreover, immunolabelling of surface glutamate receptors performed under non-permeabilising conditions showed that <i>Fmr1</i> KO neurons presented a higher content of synaptic surface GluN2A and a lower content of GluN2B subunits of NMDA receptors, while GluA1 and GluA2 distribution remained unchanged. Finally, multielectrode array data showed that <i>Fmr1</i> KO neurons presented reduced spontaneous activity compared to control neurons. These data support the hypothesis that at the cellular level, <i>Fmr1</i> KO hippocampal neurons are less excitable due to altered input processing, driven by structural defects and altered GluN2A expression in the synaptic plasma membrane.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Neuroscience","volume":"75 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12031-025-02325-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlled co-precipitation synthesis of Gd and Mn doped zinc tungstate: insights into structural, optical, magnetic behavior, and dielectric properties","authors":"Sadegh Azadmehr,&nbsp;Sanaz Alamdari,&nbsp;Majid Jafar Tafreshi,&nbsp;Zaighum Tanveer,&nbsp;Omid Mirzaee,&nbsp;Aliasghar Najafzadehkhoee,&nbsp;Jose J. Velázquez","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08399-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08399-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gadolinium and manganese-doped zinc tungstate (ZnWO₄: Gd &amp; ZnWO₄: Mn (1 at%)) nanocrystals were successfully prepared using a simple co-precipitation method. The structural, morphological, and chemical properties of the materials were thoroughly investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning/transmission electron microscopy (SEM/TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The crystallite sizes of the Gd-doped and Mn-doped samples were 46 nm and 59 nm, respectively. XRD analysis confirmed that both samples exhibited a single monoclinic phase crystal structure. The Gd-doping resulted in a more uniform particle size distribution and smoother surface morphology, which could enhance the optical and magnetic properties of the material. In contrast, Mn-doping led to the formation of more agglomerated particles with a rougher texture, potentially affecting the specific surface area and its interaction with external fields. SEM/TEM images also revealed an increase in average particle size with the Mn dopant. Optical properties, as measured by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), showed a band gap of 3.79 eV for ZnWO₄: Gd and 3.40 eV for ZnWO₄: Mn. Magnetic measurements indicated enhanced magnetic properties for ZnWO₄: Mn compared to both pure ZnWO₄ and ZnWO₄: Gd. The dielectric properties, including the dielectric constant (εr), dielectric loss (tan δ), and AC conductivity, were studied over a frequency range from 100 Hz to 3 MHz at room temperature. The reduced coercivity observed in the Mn-doped sample suggests improved performance for potential applications in transformers, windings, and magnetic storage devices, where reduced core loss and enhanced efficiency are key requirements.This study not only enhances the understanding of the influence of Gd and Mn doping on ZnWO₄ properties but also opens up new possibilities for the development of multifunctional materials for advanced technological applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A highly selective electrochemical aptasensor for Pb2+ based on molecular imprinting technology and tetrahedral DNA nanostructure","authors":"Jiaqi Han,&nbsp;Nianxin Zhu,&nbsp;Jiahao Sha,&nbsp;Jinyan Cai,&nbsp;Hui Cao,&nbsp;Tai Ye,&nbsp;Liling Hao,&nbsp;Fei Xu","doi":"10.1007/s00604-025-07101-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00604-025-07101-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p> A novel electrochemical biosensor for the detection of lead ions (Pb²⁺) with improved specificity and sensitivity was developed. The sensor design incorporated molecular imprinting technology, where chitosan was polymerized on the electrode surface to form a lead-specific cavity structure, thereby enhancing selectivity in complex sample matrices. Meanwhile, the tetrahedral DNA nanostructure was employed as the recognition probe to mitigate the entanglement issues commonly associated with single-stranded DNA, thus improving the sensitivity of the detection. The developed sensor exhibited a linear dynamic range from 0.050 to 2.000 μg/mL, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0034 μg/mL. The aptasensor’s efficacy was verified through the analysis of aquatic samples, demonstrating a high degree of reliability comparable to that of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":705,"journal":{"name":"Microchimica Acta","volume":"192 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Cu in tailoring the structure and soft magnetic performance of Fe-based nanocrystalline alloys during two-step annealing","authors":"T. X. Huang,&nbsp;Z. B. Song,&nbsp;Aditya Jain,&nbsp;Y. G. Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10854-025-14681-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-025-14681-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The exceptional performance of Fe-based nanocrystalline alloys is well-recognized, however, the regulation of their microstructure remains a noteworthy concern. This study aims to maintain a fixed Fe content while optimizing the composition of the Fe_80.5B_9.5+<i>x</i>P₈Cu_1.5-<i>x</i>Nb_0.5 alloys (<i>x</i> = 0, 0.4, &amp; 0.8 at%) by substituting Cu with extra B. The microstructural evolution of these alloys with varying Cu content during two-step annealing and its influence on magnetic properties have been systematically investigated using XRD, DSC, and Mössbauer spectroscopy techniques. The Mössbauer spectra results reveal that the microstructural evolution of alloys with varying Cu content is significantly impacted by relaxation. Additionally, a model is proposed to describe the evolution of nanostructures in alloys with varying Cu content during two-step annealing. Notably, the alloy with an optimized Cu addition (1.1 at.%) exhibits a refined nanostructure and enhanced soft magnetic properties (<i>B</i>_s = 1.82 T, <i>H</i>_c = 5.66 A/m) after two-step annealing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"36 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchically porous activated carbon electrodes synthesized from expired tablets for high-performance supercapacitor and photocatalysis application","authors":"Elumalai Dhandapani,&nbsp;Kavitha Kandiah,&nbsp;Gowdhaman Arumugam,&nbsp;Ranjith Rajendran,&nbsp;Navaneethan Duraisamy","doi":"10.1007/s10854-025-14654-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-025-14654-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hierarchically porous activated carbons (HACs) were derived from expired tablets through facile carbonization with the aid of H₃PO₄ activation. The enhanced specific surface area (SSA) and porous architecture of the derived ACs were confirmed using standard characterization techniques. The as-prepared HACs exhibited an improved specific capacitance (CS) of 141.8 F/g at 2 A/g, with a cyclability of 70% after 2,000 repeated charge–discharge cycles. The HACs//HACs symmetric supercapacitor (SC) device demonstrated a CS of 46.8 F/g at 2 A/g. Additionally, the HACs//HACs symmetric device exhibited the highest energy density of 12.7 Wh/kg and a power density of 4656.5 W/kg. The HACs//HACs device also displayed exceptional cyclability, maintaining 80.2% retention after 3,000 charge/discharge cycles at 20 A/g. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of both ACs and HACs was assessed under visible light through the photodegradation of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye in aqueous solution. The results indicated that the HACs exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity, with approximately 80% degradation after 120 min, compared to the ACs. These findings demonstrate that the HACs electrode is a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and promising candidate for high-performance energy storage applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"36 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143749072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and Structural Elucidation of Copper Binding Tri- and Tetrapyrrole Ligands Produced by the Marine Diatom <i>Phaeodactylum Tricornutum</i>.","authors":"Lydia Babcock-Adams, Jingxuan Li, Amy M McKenna, Christopher L Hendrickson, Daniel J Repeta","doi":"10.1021/jasms.4c00380","DOIUrl":"10.1021/jasms.4c00380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In seawater, most dissolved copper (Cu) is complexed by organic ligands, many of which are thought to be produced by phytoplankton. Although very little is known about the composition and structure of these ligands, they play an important role in determining the reactivity and bioavailability of Cu. In this study, <i>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</i>, a marine diatom known to produce Cu ligands (CuLs), was grown in laboratory pure culture, and the CuLs were recovered from the growth media. Using liquid chromatography coupled to ultrahigh resolution tandem mass spectrometry, 11 Cu ligand complexes were identified and assigned molecular formulas. Molecular formulas were confirmed by comparing the expected and observed relative abundances of ¹⁵N, ¹³C, ⁶⁵Cu, and ¹⁸O isotopologues. The CuLs had molecular weights from 520 to 719 Da and molecular formulas of C_26-35H_23-36O_5-9N_3-4Cu with an average assignment error of 56 ppb. High-resolution tandem mass spectrometry of the Cu-bound and metal-free ligands revealed these to be a suite of tri- and tetrapyrroles stabilized through complexation of Cu by N. The ligands share similar parent structures but differ in the number, type, and arrangement of functional groups that decorate the pyrroles. The similarity of CuL structures with known catabolites of chlorophyll suggests these ligands may be widely produced by marine photoautotrophs.</p>","PeriodicalId":672,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry","volume":" ","pages":"713-720"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143405088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}