Springer最新文献

{"title":"High-performance ITZO thin-film transistors deposited by magnetron sputtering","authors":"Zhe Liu,&nbsp;Xuewen Chen,&nbsp;Libing Qian,&nbsp;Quankun Zhang,&nbsp;Kai Xiong,&nbsp;Gaoyang Li,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Chen,&nbsp;Chunqing He","doi":"10.1007/s10854-025-15517-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-025-15517-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, In₂O₃–SnO₂–ZnO (ITZO) thin films were fabricated via magnetron sputtering, and the effects of annealing temperature on the microstructure, surface morphology, and defect evolution (e.g., oxygen vacancy density, deep-level trap states) of the films were systematically investigated. The electrical properties of ITZO-based thin-film transistors (TFTs) were characterized using a semiconductor parameter analyzer. The results revealed that the ITZO films exhibited an amorphous structure, with surface smoothness improving as the annealing temperature increased. At an optimal annealing temperature of 300 °C, the ITZO films demonstrated reduced oxygen vacancy-related defects and lower carrier concentration. This defect suppression not only enhanced the TFTs' on/off ratio but also mitigated carrier scattering, leading to superior device performance. The optimized ITZO TFTs achieved a high field-effect mobility of 22.5 cm²/V·s, an on/off ratio of 8.75 × 10⁷, and a subthreshold swing as low as 0.247 V/dec.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"36 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal distributions and potential sources of sediment and waterborne heavy metals in lowland lakes and rivers of the Ecuadorian Amazon","authors":"José V. Montoya,&nbsp;Blanca Ríos-Touma,&nbsp;Nathan K. Lujan,&nbsp;Fernando Sánchez,&nbsp;Adrián Proaño,&nbsp;Eduardo Tejera,&nbsp;Karina Jimenes-Vargas,&nbsp;Luzmila Sánchez,&nbsp;Francisco Cuesta","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14451-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-14451-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The recent rapid expansion of mineral and petrochemical extraction throughout Amazonia has intensified concerns about the extent and origins of heavy-metal contamination in one of the world’s most biodiverse freshwater ecosystems. While most recent studies have emphasized anthropogenic sources (direct releases, produced waters, spills, roads, and other sources to the environment from human activities), the role of natural geochemical processes remains comparatively understudied. Here, we assess seasonal and spatial variation in heavy metal concentrations in water and sediments of the Napo and Pastaza drainage basins in eastern Ecuador, with an assessment of potential environmental and health risks. We analyzed total and bioavailable concentrations of ten heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, V, Zn) in water and in sediment samples using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Metal concentrations often exceeded background levels in the Amazon Basin, with some values comparable to those in mining-impacted areas. Geological factors such as black shale weathering and volcanism likely explain regional patterns. Despite occasional high values, enrichment factors were generally low. Key physicochemical variables influenced metal distribution, and most metals were found to be immobile and biologically unavailable. Seasonal and spatial variations in metal concentrations reflected trends seen in other tropical floodplain systems, indicating common, widespread drivers of aquatic metal levels across Amazonia. Important physicochemical factors, such as hardness, pH, organic matter, and dissolved oxygen, showed habitat-specific effects on metal concentrations. Although distribution coefficients (Kd) and mobility factors (MF) suggested that most sites had metals that were immobile and biologically unavailable, few locations showed high chances of metal migration, which could pose environmental and human health risks. Overall, our results imply limited immediate threat to ecosystems or human populations but highlight the need for continued monitoring of identified hotspots.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermophysical Profile and Synergistic Effects of Graphene-Thermal Oil Nanofluids with Hybrid Additives of MWCNTs and CNFs","authors":"Suhaib Umer Ilyas,&nbsp;Haris Naseer,&nbsp;Rashid Shamsuddin,&nbsp;Patrice Estellé,&nbsp;Noor A. Merdad,&nbsp;Mustafa Alsaady,&nbsp;Aymn Abdulrahman","doi":"10.1007/s10765-025-03620-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10765-025-03620-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) are emerging as promising nanomaterials in nanofluid technology due to their exceptional intrinsic thermal properties. The hybrid combination of GNP with Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) can demonstrate a synergistic effect, impact stability, and effective thermal behavior, which is yet to be investigated. Therefore, this research explores the thermal profile, i.e., thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, and density of GNP, GNP + MWCNTs, and GNP + CNF-based hybrid Nanofluids. A two-step method is employed to formulate three sets of nanofluid mass concentrations, ranging from 0% to 2.0%, with an optimized concentration of non-ionic Span85 surfactant. The dynamic stability is analyzed using viscosity profiles over time at three different temperatures, exhibiting excellent stability at high temperatures. Experimental thermal conductivity analysis of nanofluids reveals a direct relationship with increasing temperature and nanofluid concentration, with maximum enhancements of 182.19%, 175.34%, and 169.86% for GNP, GNP + MWCNTS, and GNP + CNF nanofluids, respectively, at a 2.0% weight concentration. Specific heat capacity (SHC) increases with temperature but decreases with higher concentrations, with decrements of 37.06%, 29.3%, and 22.1% observed at 2.0% concentration for GNP, GNP + MWCNT, and GNP + CNF nanofluids, respectively. While density increases with mass concentration, the enhancement remains negligible. The synergistic effects in thermal conductivity favor GNP nanofluids over hybrid systems, yet hybrid nanofluids exhibit superior SHC and density. Multivariable correlations are developed from experimental data, demonstrating an excellent prediction of thermal properties. The findings highlight the potential of GNP and its hybrid nanofluids for improving energy efficiency in thermal management systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":598,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Thermophysics","volume":"46 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large Scale Microplastic Fibre Analysis in Wastewater: A Comprehensive Review and Recommendations","authors":"James V. Tarte,&nbsp;Mohammad Boshir Ahmed,&nbsp;Van-Tung Tra,&nbsp;Qilin Wang,&nbsp;Md Abu Hasan Johir,&nbsp;Long D. Nghiem","doi":"10.1007/s40726-025-00378-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40726-025-00378-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose of Review</h3><p>This review provides a critical analysis of current and emerging methods for identifying and quantifying microplastic fibres (MPF) in wastewater, covering all key steps of sample collection, pretreatment, and analytical analysis. There are currently no universally accepted standards for collecting and analysing MPF. This review aims to provide new insights to develop appropriate processes for collecting and analysing MPF in wastewater through a critical analysis of the literature.</p><h3>Recent Findings</h3><p>Previous studies have used non-selective grab sampling and stacked sieving apparatuses to collect and/or sort microplastics, but very few have been specifically applied to MPF. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) digestion is the most widely used for sample preparation prior to MPF analysis. MPF quantification by manual counting under an optical microscope is possible but is inefficient and unable to meet the required level of accuracy. Either micro–Fourier Transport Infrared (µFTIR) or µ-Raman is suitable for polymer identification. They each have distinctive reported strengths and weaknesses, and µFTIR is more appropriate for MPF analysis.</p><h3>Summary</h3><p>Fast and scalable analysis can be achieved with grab sampling for collection, H₂O₂ digestion for pretreatment, filtration using glass fibre or alumina oxide membranes, and then microscopic imaging with fluorene tagging for automated counting. Transmittance μFTIR is the most appropriate tool for polymer identification. Density separation, extensive sample digestion, manual counting, and Raman spectroscopy are not required or incompatible for MPF analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":528,"journal":{"name":"Current Pollution Reports","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40726-025-00378-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144843209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A quality-by-design optimized LC method for navigating degradation kinetics and quantification of favipiravir in the presence of degradation products and manufacturing impurities","authors":"Adel Ehab Ibrahim,&nbsp;Mohamed Farouk,&nbsp;Samy G. Alamir,&nbsp;Baher I. Salman,&nbsp;Tarek S. Belal,&nbsp;Sami El Deeb,&nbsp;Ahmed Al-Harrasi","doi":"10.1186/s13065-025-01610-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13065-025-01610-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Emergent viruses require effective treatment regimens, and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 variants are still evolving. Favipiravir has emerged as an effective antiviral medication, especially after its popularity against COVID-2019. Despite its growing popularity, favipiravir has not yet been included in any pharmacopeia, and new dosage forms are being developed to improve its bioavailability for various infections. Therefore, studying its stability and developing methods capable of detecting its impurities and degradation products are essential. An isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection method was also designed using the Quality-by-Design approach and validated to determine favipiravir in presence of its hydrolytic degradation products, besides two major manufacturing impurities (namely, 3,6-dichloro pyrazine-2-carbonitrile and 6-fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carbonitrile). The separation was achieved using a mobile phase of 25.0 mM phosphate buffer (pH 3.04): acetonitrile (92: 8, v/v) at a 1.0 mL min⁻¹ flow rate. A Hypersil C18-BDS column (5.0 μm, 250.0 × 4.6 mm) was employed at room temperature and detection at 323.0 nm. The method had a linear range (5.0–100.0 µg mL⁻¹) with a limit of detection and quantification of 0.51 and 1.54 µg mL⁻¹. The drug's stability after forced degradation and at different pH levels was explored. Key results proved that FAV is most stable at pH 5.0, with calculated activation energies for the acidic and alkaline degradation processes being 53492.276 and 61896.899 kJ/mole, respectively. Moreover, the analysis of expired favipiravir tablets revealed the presence of the alkaline degradate, thereby demonstrating the efficacy of the method. The proposed method was evaluated for its greenness and blueness to demonstrate its ecological safety and practicality, scoring 0.65 in the Analytical Greenness (AGREE) metric and 85.00 on the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI). It is the first sustainable method developed using the Quality-by-Design to profile favipiravir together with its degradation products and impurities simultaneously.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":496,"journal":{"name":"BMC Chemistry","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://bmcchem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13065-025-01610-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microscopic Simulation of Magnetorheological Properties in Magnetic Elastomers","authors":"A. Yu. Musikhin,&nbsp;A. Yu. Zubarev","doi":"10.1134/S1061933X25600691","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061933X25600691","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper proposes a theoretical model for the magnetorheological properties of magnetic elastomers composed of micron-sized particles, which are magnetizable, have no intrinsic magnetic moment, and occur in a soft polymer medium. The study examines two types of composites: initially isotropic ones (synthesized in the absence of magnetic field) and anisotropic ones (polymerized in a magnetic field promoting aggregation of the particles into anisotropic structures). The data obtained show that the formation of anisotropic structures at the stage of the synthesis leads to a substantial increase in the macroscopic shear rigidity of the composite. The theoretical results are in quantitative agreement with experimental data.</p>","PeriodicalId":521,"journal":{"name":"Colloid Journal","volume":"87 4","pages":"524 - 536"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supercooling of Evaporating Water Droplets on Superhydrophobic Surfaces at Low Temperatures","authors":"K. A. Emelyanenko,&nbsp;A. M. Emelyanenko,&nbsp;L. B. Boinovich","doi":"10.1134/S1061933X25600642","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061933X25600642","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A theoretical analysis of the temperature change of an evaporating droplet on a superhydrophobic surface is performed taking into account heat fluxes of various types. The results show that the additional cooling effect of evaporation can lead to significant cooling and even crystallization of sessile droplets at positive temperatures. However, with a decrease in the ambient temperature, the efficiency of this additional cooling decreases. A method for continuous monitoring of the temperature of an evaporating droplet based on the measured thermodynamic parameters of sessile droplets is proposed. Experimental studies conducted at temperatures slightly above and below zero degrees Celsius demonstrated a satisfactory correlation between the results of the theoretical analysis and the experimentally measured supercooling of water droplets.</p>","PeriodicalId":521,"journal":{"name":"Colloid Journal","volume":"87 4","pages":"481 - 491"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Halophilic Bacteria Vreelandella piezotolerant DM1 on Biodegradation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons and its Pathway","authors":"Ramanathan Duraimurugan,&nbsp;Krishnan Vignesh,&nbsp;Chenthamarakshan Sahasra,&nbsp;Punniyakotti Parthipan,&nbsp;Jayaraman Narenkumar,&nbsp;Aruliah Rajasekar","doi":"10.1007/s11270-025-08449-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11270-025-08449-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with high molecular weights are significant marine pollutants. This study aimed to determine the ability to degrade PAHs (pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene) by <i>Vreelandella piezotolerant</i> DM1 under halophilic conditions. Biodegradation of PAHs was performed in isolate DM1, and the experiment was incubated at 37 °C for 15 days in a hypersaline environment. A bacterial consortium effectively degrades PAHs by secreting alkane hydroxylase (AH) and alcohol dehydrogenase (AD) as key enzymes. At 250 mg/L PAH, the removal efficiencies of TOC and COD were 67–75% and 69–78%, respectively. DM1 was well adapted to saline conditions and effectively metabolised (PAHs). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirmed the utilisation of various types of functional groups present in PAHs. Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) confirmed that the bacterial strain effectively degraded pyrene (58%) and benzo[a]pyrene (70%) and mixed at 88% within 15 days. The intermediate metabolites, phenanthrene-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 3,4-dihydroxy phenanthrene, 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)2-phenylethanone, and phthalic acid, were identified. Based on these metabolites, a possible PAH biodegradation pathway was proposed. Overall, this study elucidated the role of halophilic bacteria in the biodegradation of PAHs and their degradation pathways and found that the strain was suitable for the biodegradation of PAHs in a hypersaline environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":808,"journal":{"name":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","volume":"236 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convection in a Small Hemispherical Droplet of Binary Solvent: Analytical Solution and Applications","authors":"P. V. Lebedev-Stepanov","doi":"10.1134/S1061933X25600514","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061933X25600514","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A new analytical solution has been proposed for the linearized Navier–Stokes equations and the diffusion equation. The solution makes it possible to relate the intensity of the Marangoni flow to the surface tension gradient in a droplet of a binary solvent and to study the relevant mass transfer and self-organization of solvates (nanoparticles, molecules, etc.). When deriving the equations, the smallness of the Reynolds number has been assumed, which corresponds to the smallness of the droplet size and the liquid flow velocity. The evaporation has been assumed to be slow sufficiently for ensuring the validity of the quasi-stationary approximation. The smallness of the Peclet number has also been accepted, which corresponds to low velocities of the convective flows as compared with the velocity of the diffusion transfer of an impurity. In this case, the Marangoni number may have a value from unity to several tens. The model has been tested using water–ethanol and octanol–hydrogen peroxide systems. Streamlines have been plotted for the convective flows, and the conditions for their appearance have been analyzed.</p>","PeriodicalId":521,"journal":{"name":"Colloid Journal","volume":"87 4","pages":"505 - 517"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the global invasion risk of ambrosia beetle Euplatypus parallelus under climate change based on CMIP6 projections.","authors":"Maruthadurai R, Bappa Das, Parveen Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s00484-025-03005-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-025-03005-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Euplatypus parallelus (Fabricius, 1801) is a highly destructive invasive insect pest endemic to the Neotropics, causing economic and ecological damage to natural forests, plantations, and fruit trees. We employed the MaxEnt model to predict the global suitability of E. parallelus under current and future scenarios based on the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) 126 and SSP585 in 2050 and 2070, utilizing the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 (CMIP6) dataset. The model demonstrated remarkable performance achieving AUC values of 0.964 and 0.957, TSS of 0.841 and 0.796, and CBI of 0.967 and 0.928 during model calibration and validation, respectively. The temperature seasonality BIO4 (43.8%), annual precipitation BIO12 (31.2%), and minimum temperature of the coldest month BIO6 (14.7) were the most significant bioclimatic variables affecting the distribution of E. parallelus. The model shows that the maximum suitability of E. parallelus is primarily concentrated in Asia, Africa, and South America. Future climate change predicts a 12.85% expansion in suitable habitat areas for E. parallelus. Our predictions demonstrate that the biological suitability and global potential spread of E. parallelus would increase under the SSP126 and SSP585 scenarios in 2050 and 2070. The study findings will help the researchers, policymakers, and academicians to plan, develop, and implement effective preventive strategies to combat the spread and infestation of E. parallelus.</p>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144854158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}