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{"title":"Research on vibration reliability of solder joint based on modal experiment of PCBA","authors":"Fang Liu,&nbsp;Runze Gong,&nbsp;Zhongwei Duan,&nbsp;Zhen Wang,&nbsp;Jincheng Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s10854-024-14127-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-024-14127-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates the dynamic behavior of printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) and the reliability of board-level solder joints under thermal–vibration combined load through modal experiments and finite element (FE) analysis. Firstly, a combination of free modal test and FE simulation was adopted to obtain the equivalent material parameters of bare printed circuit board (PCB), which were utilized in the FE modeling of PCBA, and the effectiveness of the FE model was verified by experimental modal analysis. Modal tests and simulations were performed at different temperatures (22 ℃, 60 ℃) to investigate the effect of temperature on the dynamic behavior of the PCBA. Then, narrow-band random vibration simulations with constant acceleration power spectral density (PSD) amplitude were conducted on the PCBA at different temperatures. Finally, the Steinberg model was adopted to predict the vibration lifetime of the weakest solder joint. The results indicate that modal analysis is an effective method for establishing FE models of PCBA, and the temperature change significantly affects the dynamic characteristics and vibration reliability of PCBA. As the temperature changes from 22 ℃ to 60 ℃, the natural frequencies of PCBA decrease. The stiffness of the PCBA decreases as the temperature rises, leading to increased vibration deformation of the PCBA and larger stress and strain in the solder joints and PCB. Furthermore, under vibration load, the fatigue life of the solder joints is reduced by 32% due to the increasing temperature.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in silver nanoparticles: unraveling biological activities, mechanisms of action, and toxicity","authors":"Hien Thi Thu Do,&nbsp;Ngoc Phuong Uyen Nguyen,&nbsp;Shamsaldeen Ibrahim Saeed,&nbsp;Ngoc Tung Dang,&nbsp;Linh Doan,&nbsp;Thi Thu Hoai Nguyen","doi":"10.1007/s13204-024-03076-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13204-024-03076-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have demonstrated exceptional antimicrobial activity, effectively targeting bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens. This broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy makes AgNPs a valuable co-treatment alongside antibiotics, potentially mitigating the growing issue of antimicrobial resistance. Beyond their antimicrobial properties, AgNPs exhibit significant anticancer activity, employing mechanisms such as apoptosis induction and the inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis to selectively target cancer cells. Furthermore, AgNPs exhibit antioxidant potential of scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress within biological systems. While AgNPs are non-toxic to humans at low concentrations, their toxicity is influenced by many factors besides concentration such as size, shape and surface charge. These multifaceted properties of AgNPs underscore the their potential in medical and therapeutic applications, such as wound dressings, catheters, medical devices, health supplement drink as well as targeted drug delivery. This study provides an overview of the characteristics of AgNPs, their diverse bioactivities, and the evidence supporting their mechanisms for effectively inhibiting bacterial growth, viral replication, cancer proliferation, and metastasis. Additionally, updated information on the toxicity, biosafety, and recent medical applications of AgNPs is discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":471,"journal":{"name":"Applied Nanoscience","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.674,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"β-Asarone Inhibits Carboplatin Resistance in Retinoblastoma Cells Through the UCA1/miR-206/NRP1 Axis.","authors":"Shuwei Bai, Haiyan Wang, Ye Bai, Peiyang Liu, Chunchao Bi","doi":"10.1007/s10528-024-10985-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-024-10985-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinoblastoma (RB) is an aggressive form of eye cancer. β-Asarone is a bioactive component isolated from the medicinal plant Acorus tatarinowii Schott and has anticancer effects on various human cancers. However, reports regarding the role of β-Asarone in RB remain limited. Our study investigates the mechanisms of β-Asarone in regulating drug resistance in RB, providing a theoretical foundation for RB treatment. A carboplatin-resistant RB cell line was established and treated with β-Asarone, followed by overexpression of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1). The half-maximal inhibitory concentration and cell apoptosis were determined. The levels of lncRNA UCA1/miR-206/neuropilin 1 (NRP1) were measured. The subcellular localization of lncRNA UCA1 was examined. The binding relationships between lncRNA UCA1 and microRNA (miR)-206, and between miR-206 and NRP1 were analyzed. NRP1 expression was analyzed by Western blot assay. We found that β-Asarone downregulated lncRNA UCA1 expression in carboplatin-resistant RB cells. Overexpression of lncRNA UCA1 reversed the inhibitory effect of β-Asarone on cell drug resistance and cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis. LncRNA UCA1 functioned as a sponge for miR-206, which suppressed NRP1 expression. Inhibition of miR-206 or overexpression of NRP1 could partially reverse the suppressive effect of β-Asarone on RB cell drug resistance. In conclusion, β-Asarone suppresses RB cell drug resistance through the lncRNA UCA1/miR-206/NRP1 axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":482,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel environmental variables help explain winter weather effects on activity and habitat selection of greater sage-grouse along the border of Colorado and Wyoming, USA.","authors":"Caitlyn P Wanner, Aaron C Pratt, Adele K Reinking, Glen E Liston, Jeffrey L Beck","doi":"10.1007/s00484-024-02827-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-024-02827-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For non-hibernating species within temperate climates, survival during severe winter weather often depends on individuals' behavioral response and available refugia. Identifying refugia habitat that sustains populations during adverse winter conditions can be difficult and complex. This study provides an example of how modeled, biologically relevant snow and weather information can help identify important relationships between habitat selection and dynamic winter landscapes using greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus, hereafter \"sage-grouse\") as a model species. We evaluated whether sage-grouse responded to weather conditions in two ways: through (1) positive selection for refugia habitat to minimize adverse weather exposure, or (2) lowered activity level to minimize thermoregulation and locomotion expense. Our results suggested that sage-grouse respond to winter weather conditions by seeking refugia rather than changing daily activity levels. During periods of lower wind chill temperatures and greater wind speeds, sage-grouse selected areas with sheltered aspects and greater sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) cover. Broadly, sage-grouse selected winter home ranges in sagebrush shrublands characterized by higher wind chill temperatures, greater wind speeds, and greater blizzarding conditions. However, within these home ranges, sage-grouse specifically selected habitats with greater above-snow sagebrush cover, lower wind speeds, and lower blizzarding conditions. Our study underscores the importance of examining habitat selection at narrower temporal scales than entire seasons and demonstrates the value of incorporating targeted weather variables that wholistically synthesize winter conditions. This research allows identification of refugia habitat that sustain populations during winter disproportionate to their spatial extent or frequency of use, facilitating more targeted management and conservation efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved performance efficiency of manganese dioxide nanoparticles passivated perovskite solar cells","authors":"Simeon Amole,&nbsp;Oluwaseun Adedokun,&nbsp;Olusola Akinrinola,&nbsp;Mojoyinola Kofoworola Awodele,&nbsp;Festus Akintunde Ojeniyi,&nbsp;Olumuyiwa Aderemi Oyekanmi,&nbsp;Ayodeji Oladiran Awodugba","doi":"10.1007/s10854-024-14104-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-024-14104-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Defect passivation is increasingly becoming a viable method of performance optimization in organic–inorganic methylammonium lead iodide perovskite-based solar cells. In this research, synthesized manganese dioxide (MnO₂) material via chemical method was used to sensitize all-solid-state halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Additionally, titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and reduced graphene oxide synthesized through Sol gel and Hummers’ methods, respectively were incorporated as electron transporting layer, and MnO₂ was used to enhance graphite counter electrode. ITO/rGO/TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/Gr and ITO/rGO/TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/Gr-MnO₂ planar PSCs were fabricated via spin coating technique, and exposed to solar illuminator in order to evaluate their photovoltaic performance. ITO/rGO/TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/Gr-MnO₂ film showed a power conversion efficiency of 11.34% compared to 8.22%, for ITO/rGO/TiO₂/CH₃NH₃PbI₃/Gr film. The percentage enhancement value of 27.50% was realized with MnO₂ passivation. This research demonstrates that wide bandgap two-dimensional materials can tune the functionality of PSCs and afford a lead on designing of advanced passivation media to further tailor halide perovskite properties via grain boundary functionalization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and pharmacodynamic evaluation of isorhamnetin-Soluplus-TPGS mixed micelles","authors":"Tingyuan Li,&nbsp;Jiaying Li,&nbsp;Qilong Wang,&nbsp;Mingjie Gong,&nbsp;Xiaowen Wang,&nbsp;Xia Jiang,&nbsp;Qinyang Hua,&nbsp;Hao Ji,&nbsp;Elmurat Toreniyazov,&nbsp;Jiangnan Yu,&nbsp;Xia Cao,&nbsp;Michael Adu-Frimpong,&nbsp;Ximing Xu","doi":"10.1007/s11051-024-06139-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-024-06139-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Isorhamnetin (ISO) is a kind of flavonoid widely found in sea buckthorn, ginkgo biloba, and other plants. It has many pharmacological activities, but poor solubility in aqueous media has limited its clinical application. In order to increase the bioavailability of ISO, we employed a thin film dispersion method to prepare ISO-loaded Soluplus-TPGS mixed polymer micelle (ISO-STM) and subsequently conducted appropriate characterizations. The micelles prepared in this work were spherical nanoparticles with uniform distribution with respective particle size (PS) and dispersion coefficient (PDI) of 81.62 ± 1.23 nm and 0.115 ± 0.020. Meanwhile, the encapsulation rate (EE) was 91.37% ± 0.82%, whereas the drug loading (DL) was 5.91% ± 0.06%. Compared to free ISO, the dissolution rate of mixed micelles (MM) significantly increased in three media. After oral administration, the oral bioavailability of MM was nearly 3 times higher than free ISO’s. In addition, the results of the zebrafish experiment showed that the anti-aging of zebrafish in the administration group was significantly better than that in the model control group. In summary, ISO-STM is a promising method with the potential to improve the solubility, and bioavailability and enhance the clinical application value of ISO.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental adaptability and biosurfactant production of bacterial isolates from the Boca de Jaruco oil field (Cuba)","authors":"Liliya Biktasheva,&nbsp;Alexander Gordeev,&nbsp;Thais Hernández,&nbsp;Polina Galitskaya,&nbsp;Svetlana Selivanovskaya","doi":"10.1007/s12517-024-12130-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-024-12130-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Environmental protection requirements and the need to increase the proportion of oil recovered by secondary methods have led to the rise in popularity of microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) techniques. Usually, MEOR requires the use of indigenous strains of microorganisms residing in wells, as they are adapted to local conditions. However, for some wells and fields, such as the Boca de Jaruco field in Cuba, information about the oilfield microorganisms and their properties is extremely limited. One of the properties crucial for the successful implementation of MEOR in fields is the ability of indigenous strains to produce biosurfactants. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the ability of six bacterial isolates obtained from the Boca de Jaruco field in Cuba to produce biosurfactants. The isolates capable of utilizing oil as their sole carbon source were identified as <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (strains CC21, CC23, CC31, and CC32), <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> (strain CC33), and <i>Aeromonas veronii</i> (strain CC22). It was determined that all isolates can tolerate temperatures between 30 and 60 °C, salinity ranging from 0.5 to 10.0% NaCl, and pH levels between 6 and 9. Regarding their ability to produce biosurfactants, assessed using the drop collapse method, oil-spreading method, emulsification activity test, and surface tension measurement, the isolates ranked as follows: <i>A. veronii</i> CC22 &gt; <i>B. subtilis</i> CC21 = <i>B. subtilis</i> CC31 &gt; <i>B. subtilis</i> CC23 = <i>B. subtilis</i> CC32 &gt; <i>B. licheniformis</i> CC33. The biosurfactants produced were stable in the presence of 1.7 to 20.0% NaCl, irrespective of temperature (30 or 70 °C). However, substituting 20% of the NaCl with CaCl₂ resulted in destabilization of the biosurfactants produced by all investigated isolates, with destabilization levels averaging up to 32% at 70 °C.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Wind pattern at the incursion site of Pangong Tso near Merak Village","authors":"Belur Ravindra,&nbsp;Deepangkar Sarkar,&nbsp;Shantikumar Singh Ningombam,&nbsp;Stanzin Tundup,&nbsp;Namgyal Dorje,&nbsp;Angchuk Dorje,&nbsp;Prabhu Kesavan,&nbsp;Dipankar Banerjee","doi":"10.1007/s10686-024-09972-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10686-024-09972-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study analyzes twelve years of wind speed and direction data collected at the proposed National Large Solar Telescope (NLST) site near Pangong Tso, Merak village, Leh-Ladakh. A weather station from Campbell Scientific Instruments, installed in 2008, has been continuously monitoring meteorological parameters, including wind speed and direction. The data reveals a consistent pattern of predominantly northwest winds, particularly during morning hours, with speeds generally below 5 m/s. While seasonal variations influence wind speed and direction, the overall trend remains stable. To assess the site’s suitability for astronomical observations, we compared high-altitude wind speeds at various renowned astronomical sites using reanalysis data from 2008 to 2020. Strong correlations were observed between surface and high-altitude wind speeds at 10 m, 50 m, and 500 m. Statistical analysis of 200-mbar pressure level wind speeds identified La Palma as the most favorable site with a wind speed of 18.76 m/s. La Silla, on the other hand, exhibited the highest wind speed at 34.76 m/s. Merak’s estimated wind speed of 30.99 m/s, coupled with its favorable wind direction and low surface wind speeds, suggests its potential as a promising site for astronomical observations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":551,"journal":{"name":"Experimental Astronomy","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thin Layer Quantization Method for a Spin Particle on a Curved Surface","authors":"S. Kimouche,&nbsp;N. Ferkous","doi":"10.1007/s10773-024-05856-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10773-024-05856-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using the fundamental framework of the thin-layer quantization method, we discuss the non-relativistic limit of the Schrödinger-Dirac equation for a particle constrained to move on a curved surface. We show that the inclusion of spin connections in the formalism give rise to scalar terms which provide a new scalar geometric potential. The coupling between the spin connections determined by the geometry of the curved surface and the spin of the particle can generate bound states even for the repulsive case of this obtained geometric potential. The developed procedure is applied to a surface of axial symmetry. We give three interesting examples of surface confinement, namely cylindrical, spherical and conical, and we explicitly deduce the energy levels for each case.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":597,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Theoretical Physics","volume":"63 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142870306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical, rheological, nanoindentation and degradability evaluation of soft composite Chitosan/Pectin/NaCl hydrogels with cellulose nanowhiskers","authors":"Ferrante Micaela,&nbsp;Casado Ulises M.,&nbsp;Álvarez Vera A.,&nbsp;González Jimena S.","doi":"10.1007/s10965-024-04234-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-024-04234-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chitosan and pectin form biocompatible polyelectrolyte complex hydrogels. This study investigates the impact of cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) and NaCl on hydrogel’s properties, particularly in mechanical behavior. Swelling tests revealed deswelling under physiological conditions. Thermal analysis indicated enhanced crosslinking with CNW, correlating with mechanical, rheological, and nanoindentation findings. Hydrogels with 10% CNW exhibited higher elastic modulus in compression tests. Rheological studies showed comparable values to skin, promising for wound dressing applications. Nanoindentation highlighted CNWs' surface effect on adhesive modulus. Degradation tests over 21 days demonstrated higher degradation in NaCl-containing hydrogels. Overall, NaCl influenced polymer matrix interactions, while CNW incorporation enhanced hydrogel performance. This study distinguishes between surface and bulk properties of hydrogels, underscoring the potential of CNW in biomaterial applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142870465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}