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{"title":"Cinchonidine Ameliorates Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Neurobehavioral Deficits via the SRC/RAF1/NF-κB Pathway to Attenuate Mitochondrial Dysfunction","authors":"Han Tang,&nbsp;Jianchao Huang,&nbsp;Caixia Sun","doi":"10.1007/s11064-026-04925-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11064-026-04925-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cinchonidine (CD), a metabolite derived from gut microbiota, shows promise in protecting against traumatic brain injury (TBI), where mitochondrial dysfunction is a key driver of secondary damage. Using a mouse model of controlled cortical impact (CCI) and an in vitro primary neuron injury model, CD administration resulted in improved physiological status (weight recovery, stabilized heart rate) and behavioral outcomes (increased travel distance and speed) in TBI mice. Histological analysis showed reduced hippocampal neuronal damage, decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin‑1β, interleukin‑6, and tumor necrosis factor‑α), and upregulated blood-brain barrier tight-junction proteins (Claudin-5, Occludin, zonula occludens‑1). Mitochondrial function was improved, evidenced by increased mitochondrial DNA copy number, elevated expression of translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 and cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV, and restoration of mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, CD attenuated TBI-induced changes in mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, restoring the phosphorylated dynamin-related protein 1 (p-DRP1)/DRP1 ratio and the expression of mitofusin 1/2 (MFN-1/2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), while reducing mitochondrial DRP1. Network pharmacology identified proto‑oncogene tyrosine‑protein kinase Src (SRC) as a key target, validated by stable binding in molecular docking and drug affinity responsive target stability assays. Furthermore, cellular thermal shift assays demonstrated a direct interaction between CD and SRC. CD treatment suppressed the activation of the SRC/RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase (RAF1)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling axis, as evidenced by reduced phosphorylation of SRC and p65, along with decreased expression of RAF1 and cleaved Caspase-3. Crucially, SRC knockdown mimicked CD’s protection, while SRC overexpression abolished its benefits. These findings suggest that CD ameliorates post-TBI mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and neuronal damage by inhibiting SRC kinase activity and its downstream RAF1/NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, CD may represent a promising SRC-targeted neuroprotective strategy for TBI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":719,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Research","volume":"51 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149219466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural, Mechanical and Morphological Characterizations of PMMA/PS Blends: Influence of Polystyrene on Poly(methyl methacrylate) Films","authors":"Karishma Tavar,&nbsp;Netram Kaurav,&nbsp;Jaiveer Singh,&nbsp;A. Sharma,&nbsp;J. Tripathi","doi":"10.1134/S0965545X26600390","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0965545X26600390","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study reports the structural, morphological, mechanical and dielectric behavior of solution-cast poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films containing trace fractions (0.5 and 1%) of polystyrene (PS). X-ray diffraction shows that all films are amorphous, exhibiting broad halos whose position reflects the average inter-chain spacing; PS incorporation shifts the halo slightly, indicating modestly looser chain packing rather than any crystalline change. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy reveal no new bands and only marginal shifts, confirming the absence of chemical bonding and consistent with the known immiscibility of PMMA and PS. Atomic force microscopy uncovers a composition-driven morphological transition: at 0.5% PS the surface develops a diffusion-limited dendritic network, which reorganizes into a phase-separated pore structure at 1%. Microhardness varies systematically with composition, and dielectric spectroscopy shows that ε′, ε″ and tanδ change measurably with PS content, which we attribute to interfacial polarization at the phase-separated domains. The results establish trace-PS addition as a simple route to tune the morphology and permittivity of PMMA films for dielectric-coating and flexible electronic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":738,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series A","volume":"68 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanodispersion of Simple Liquids During Thermal Evaporation and Acoustic Cavitation","authors":"A. A. Sokurov,&nbsp;S. Sh. Rekhviashvili","doi":"10.1134/S1061933X26600764","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061933X26600764","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A theory has been developed for nanodispersion of a simple liquid under the conditions of thermal evaporation in a supersaturated medium and ultrasonic cavitation. The proposed theory takes into account the size dependence of surface tension. It has been shown that accounting for this dependence decreases the energy barrier of nucleation and the critical nucleus radius, while causing a significant asymmetry in the kinetics of the growth and evaporation of nanodroplets. The modified Rayleigh–Plesset equation has been used to show that the size dependence of the surface tension increases the capillary stiffness of a bubble, suppresses chaotic regimes, and preserves the scale-invariant (fractal) structure of cavitation oscillations. A new criterion has been obtained for the disappearance of the nucleation barrier. It has been shown that, under real conditions of ultrasonic cavitation, the supersaturation reaches values sufficiently high for the transition to the spinodal regime of spontaneous phase separation and the formation of nanodroplets (1–3 nm in size) without an activation delay.</p>","PeriodicalId":521,"journal":{"name":"Colloid Journal","volume":"88 5","pages":"799 - 807"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topologically Consistent Fuzzy Clustering in a Neurodynamic Model of the Traveling Salesman Problem","authors":"V. A. Sudakov","doi":"10.1134/S1064562426700110","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1064562426700110","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A new neurodynamic model for joint optimization of the traveling salesman problem route and fuzzy cluster partitioning of a set of vertices is proposed. The model’s energy function includes three components: a Hopfield-Tank term encoding route feasibility constraints; a fuzzy means term ensuring geometric compactness of clusters; and a topological matching term penalizing for discontinuities in cluster membership between adjacent vertices along the route. An iterative minimization scheme is developed. The following convergence properties are proven: monotonic energy decrease and convergence of the energy sequence to a limit value. Computational experiments on a test example showed that the proposed model finds solutions that coincide with the global optimum, while the resulting clusters differ significantly from the results of the classical fuzzy c-means algorithm, reflecting the topology of the optimal route. The results of the study can be used for problems of delivery territory zoning, production operation planning, and condensation of large factor models.</p>","PeriodicalId":531,"journal":{"name":"Doklady Mathematics","volume":"113 3","pages":"75 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of serum element levels with cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk in a Kurdish population of western Iran.","authors":"Samaneh Nakhaee, Alexey A Tinkov, Borhan Mansouri, Zana Ramazani, Kimia Fooladi, Ali Elahinia","doi":"10.1007/s10534-026-00903-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10534-026-00903-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a significant public health concern globally. Among the most prevalent NCDs the study aims to explore the association of some elements with the the likelihood of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) development. In this cross-sectional case control study, 300 individuals with CVDs (n = 110), T2D (n = 70), and a control group (n = 120) from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease (RaNCD) cohort in western Iran were examined. The RaNCD cohort is part of the PERSIAN cohort study, consisting of 10,000 adults. Participants aged 35-65 were stratified into three clusters based on their health status. Various elements, including aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), manganese (Mn), potassium (K), cobalt (Co), lithium (Li), boron (B), molybdenum (Mo), and vanadium (V) in the blood serum was performed using the ICP-MS method, and data were analyzed using multivariable techniques, including logistic regression and clustering analysis. Our analysis revealed a notable association between most elements and the risks of CVD and T2D in the logistic regression model after adjusting for age and gender. Specifically, increased odds ratios of CVD and T2D were identified for higher Ca, Mn, Mg, Li, V, Al, P, and Mo levels. In the T2D group, four clusters were identified: Al-B, Mn-Co-Mo, K-P, and V-Li-Ca-Mg. In the CVD group, five clusters were observed: K, B-Co-Mo, Li-Mg, Ca-P, and Mn-Al-V. The study provides valuable insights into the role of some essential elements in the development of CVDs and T2D. The key elements that are most linked to the elevated risk of CVDs and T2D include calcium, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, lithium, aluminum, phosphorus, and magnesium. Further exploration of the intricate relationships between elements and disease risk could enhance our understanding of preventive strategies and personalized interventions for individuals at risk of CVDs and T2D.</p>","PeriodicalId":491,"journal":{"name":"Biometals","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149226834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of topical vildagliptin versus triamcinolone acetonide on experimentally induced hypertrophic scars in a rabbit model.","authors":"Zaynab Ali Nasser, Farrah Rasool Jaafar","doi":"10.1007/s10735-026-11017-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10735-026-11017-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of topical vildagliptin on experimentally induced hypertrophic scars (HTSs) in a rabbit model. A total of 40 healthy male albino rabbits were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 8): healthy control (CTRL), untreated induced HTS model (HTS model), vehicle-received (VEH), 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide-treated (TAC), and 3% vildagliptin-treated (VIL). On day 0, four full-thickness wounds extending to the cartilage were created on the ventral surface of each rabbit ear using an 8-mm biopsy punch. On day 30, topical treatment was initiated on the newly formed scars and continued twice daily for 21 days. Samples were collected on day 51 post-wounding. Outcome measures included molecular quantification of collagen type 1 (Col I), collagen type 3 (Col III), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), histopathological examination, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) immunoreactivity. Vildagliptin significantly reduced Col I, Col III, TGF-β1, and IL-6 compared with the HTS model group (p < 0.001). Histopathological analysis revealed a marked improvement in scar architecture, as evidenced by lower histopathological scores and a reduced scar elevation index. Masson's trichrome (MT) staining demonstrated a significant reduction in collagen deposition, accompanied by partial restoration of normal collagen fiber organization. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed no significant change in α-SMA immunoreactivity. This more likely reflects a potential incomplete suppression of myofibroblasts. Overall, these findings suggest that topical vildagliptin may represent a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of HTSs.</p>","PeriodicalId":650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Histology","volume":"57 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149226907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid siamese heterogeneous convolutional neural networks with electric eel foraging optimization-based deep feature vectors concatenation for eye disease detection.","authors":"K R N Aswini, S B Mohan, K Selvam, S Leoni Sharmila","doi":"10.1007/s10735-026-10974-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10735-026-10974-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to prevent vision loss and blindness, eye problems must be identified and diagnosed. In order to avoid blindness and vision loss, it is crucial to identify the main cause of eye illness. In previous studies, several DL algorithms have been used for detecting eye disease but do not provide sufficient results. To overcome these challenges is suggested. In this publication, a Hybrid Siamese Heterogeneous Convolutional Neural Network with Electric eel foraging optimization-based Deep Feature Vectors Concatenation for Eye Disease Detection (DeepSiaHetCNN-EeFOA) is suggested. There are datasets like databases similar datasets. These data are subsequently preprocessed using the Kuwahara Filtering with Anisotropic Dissemination (KFAD) technique. The Unet with split attention-based MobileNetV2 network (U-SA-MNetV2) approach is then used to segment eye diseases and extract features. DeepSiaHetCNN-EeFOA is then used for classifications to identify normal and abnormal areas and to identify the kind of eye illness. The system demonstrated was run using Python. The proposed DeepSiaHetCNN-EeFOA is tested on four datasets. It outperforms existing approaches by achieving 99.9% accuracy & 99.8% recall. This demonstrates the method's exceptional effectiveness and promise for further development in the sector.</p>","PeriodicalId":650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Histology","volume":"57 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149226931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PARADOX: pharmacological analysis of relation anomalies and drug contradictions extraction.","authors":"Ali Fata, Hossein Rahmani","doi":"10.1007/s10822-026-00965-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10822-026-00965-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid expansion of biomedical literature has led to a growing number of contradictory pharmacological reports, where the same drug interactions are described with opposing outcomes across studies. Critically, many such reports are only apparent contradictions arising from mismatched experimental conditions such as dosage, strain, endpoint, or population, rather than logically incompatible claims under comparable settings. These inconsistencies complicate drug safety evaluation and hinder the reliability of automated biomedical knowledge systems. In this paper, we introduce PARADOX, a framework for the detection and analysis of pharmacological contradictions in scientific text. The system integrates BioBERT-based embeddings, a Siamese similarity model, and an iterative refinement using a snowball process to progressively extract and refine conflicting relational statements. Each candidate contradiction is semantically verified using GPT-4o-mini, producing a structured contradiction graph derived from validated outputs. Beyond detection, we introduce a three-stage decision-tree protocol to distinguish real contradictions from apparent ones and outline a conditional biological modulation map that summarizes how identical pharmacological inputs may yield divergent outcomes under different conditions. On more than 18,000 evaluated pairs, the model recovered 39 validated contradiction candidates with only three misses. Qualitative analysis shows both genuine logical conflicts and opposing statements better explained by contextual differences or missing metadata. The results highlight the potential of contradiction-aware mining to strengthen pharmacovigilance, enhance literature consistency checking, and support more robust biomedical reasoning.</p>","PeriodicalId":621,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Computer-Aided Molecular Design","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149226971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmarking wall models for confined active Brownian particles near planar and channel walls.","authors":"C A Escalante-Velázquez","doi":"10.1140/epje/s10189-026-00641-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epje/s10189-026-00641-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Different microscopic wall models are frequently used in simulations of confined active Brownian particles (ABPs), but their practical equivalence for standard steady-state observables is rarely assessed against an analytical benchmark with explicit and reproducible criteria. In this work, we present a reproducible benchmark for three common wall models in confined ABPs simulations-stochastic hard, specular hard, and exponential soft-using the analytical hard-wall theory of Duzgun and Selinger as reference. After validating the soft wall against the Boltzmann limit at <math><mrow><mtext>Pe</mtext> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn></mrow> </math> , we compare density and polarization profiles across <math><mrow><mtext>Pe</mtext> <mo>∈</mo> <mo>{</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mo>…</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mo>}</mo></mrow> </math> using local and integrated error metrics. The stochastic wall consistently matches the analytical reference best, the specular rule fails sharply in polarization, and the exponential wall's fidelity depends strongly on both activity and observable; reducing its range improves local but not integrated agreement. A compact two-wall channel test confirms this ranking survives finite confinement. The results provide an explicit, observable-dependent criterion for selecting wall models in ABP simulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":790,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal E","volume":"49 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149226969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of the Flow Rate Coefficient When Wet Refrigerant Vapor Leaks through Cracks","authors":"N. A. Raikovsky,&nbsp;D. Kh. Sadvakasov,&nbsp;V. S. Evdokimov,&nbsp;E. A. Zhukova,&nbsp;M. N. Komarova,&nbsp;I. A. Leshakov","doi":"10.1134/S1063785026700914","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063785026700914","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper presents a methodology for experimental research and a test bench for determining the flow coefficient during the flow of a two-phase working fluid through cracks. The dependences of the influence of the degree of dryness of the wet refrigerant vapor and the gap resistance on the flow coefficient during the outflow of the working fluid through the gap were established. A method for determining the coefficient of flow of wet vapor through cracks is proposed, implemented on the basis of the method of S.E. Zakharenko for dry saturated vapor and a correction function for the degree of dryness of the vapor. Artificial refrigerants used in air conditioning systems, such as R32 and R410a, which belong to the HFC class, and R22, which belongs to the HCFC class, are considered as the working fluid.</p>","PeriodicalId":784,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics Letters","volume":"52 9","pages":"484 - 492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}