{"title":"Rainfall-induced landslide hazard analyses using spatiotemporal retrievals of soil moisture and geomorphologic data","authors":"Daniel M. Francis, L. Sebastian Bryson","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12209-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12209-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rainfall-induced landslides threaten residential and civil infrastructure. As extreme rainfall events increase with climatological variability, so does the need to effectively monitor these occurrences. However, physical monitoring of landslide occurrence requires costly instrumentation over vast areas. Therefore, a means for large scale spatial monitoring is desired. This study conducts infinite slope stability analyses on known spatially distributed rainfall-induced shallow colluvial landslides. Infinite slope analyses were chosen due to applicability to the investigated shallow landslides. These analyses were investigated as functions of spatial geomorphologic and spatiotemporal soil moisture data. The underlying assumption of these analyses was that soil moisture would act as a hydro-mechanical precursor for rainfall-induced landslides. A majority of geomorphologic data for these analyses was obtained via web databases. Contrarily, it was observed that measurements of friction angle were not spatially available. To remedy this, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) machine learning workflow was developed to yield these requisite measurements. For spatiotemporal soil moisture, the Land Information System (LIS) was utilized to conduct assimilation of NOAH 3.6 LSM and NASA SMAP L3SMP_E moisture estimates. The LIS workflow yielded soil moisture estimates at various depths and fine resolutions. With spatial geomorphologic and spatiotemporal soil moisture available, this study moved towards the associated stability analyses. These analyses were focused upon a region of Eastern Kentucky, USA, which experienced an extreme rainfall and subsequent landslide event. Through these analyses, a majority of occurred landslides were able to be detected in areas observed to experience increases in soil moisture. Therefore, this study confirmed the underlying assumption that soil moisture can serve as a hydro-mechanical precursor for rainfall-induced landslide occurrence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of hydrogeological structures in carbonate rock with ground penetrating radar","authors":"Anna Rieß, Peter Dietrich","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12162-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12162-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbonate rock aquifers are an important resource in the face of water scarcity. However, groundwater recharge processes are not fully understood in the heterogeneous matrix and fracture system. The shallow epikarst zone is important for drainage, transport and storage and needs to be investigated. Geophysical techniques are promising, particularly ground penetrating radar (GPR) due to its sensitivity to water saturation. To test the potential of GPR, hydrogeological structures were investigated in the Lower Muschelkalk of the Rüdersdorf limestone quarry near Berlin, Germany. A survey field was monitored under three different moisture conditions and the experiments included densely spaced zero offset GPR and common midpoint (CMP) profiles. The analysis focused on EM wave velocities as a proxy for water saturation, which were used for a relative comparison of the results from different methods. The more generic CMP results were significantly higher than the velocities from diffraction hyperbolas, which only represent the very local position. Structural observations from picked reflectors throughout the monitoring contributed to the interpretation. While the matrix appears to be unaffected by water variability, preferential flow paths can be identified. Diffraction hyperbolas may occur at fractured porous zones that preferentially store water and drain towards the bedding planes. Their spatial characteristics suggest that they may be precursors of potential sinkholes. The survey shows how GPR can help to understand hydrological processes in carbonate rock and locate relevant structures for further investigation. The collected dataset provides opportunities for further analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12665-025-12162-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hao Shi, Xing-liang Xu, Su-chuan Tian, Wei-chao Hu, Zeng-hui Li
{"title":"The macro and micro mechanical responses of the surrounding rock influenced by roadway contour excavation","authors":"Hao Shi, Xing-liang Xu, Su-chuan Tian, Wei-chao Hu, Zeng-hui Li","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04240-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04240-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The challenge faced by roadway excavation methods lies in minimizing disturbance to the surrounding rock while maintaining driving speed. To minimize damage to the surrounding rock during roadway excavation, this study proposes a method of unloading the roadway contour to sever the connection between the excavated target rock mass and the retained surrounding rock mass. This approach initiates the propagation of cracks within the targeted rock mass, thereby releasing internal energy to facilitate rapid excavation. Through laboratory testing of contour excavation and coupled numerical testing of PFC3D-FLAC3D, the fracture mechanism of surrounding rock in roadway contour excavation is elucidated, and the impact of geometric parameters of contour excavation on surrounding rock disturbance is examined. The findings indicate that contour excavation does not result in structural impairment to the entire coal body, but instead leads to the formation of internal macroscopic fractures. The AE parameters (RA-AF total statistics, cumulative ringing count, cumulative energy), the range of high strain field, and the degree of internal fracture of the sample all exhibit a significant decrease as the length of cyclic excavation (LCE). This is evidenced by a decrease in development depth of roof cracks from 0.43 m to 0.20 m and a 33% reduction in the number of cracks. Selecting a lower LCE has the potential to substantially mitigate the adverse effects of contour excavation on the surrounding rock mass. The inner rock mass of the excavation target exhibits a reduced contact field, leading to a noticeable deterioration in the strength of the rock mass, thereby creating favorable conditions for subsequent cutting operations. The contour excavation method has the potential to mitigate the severe damage caused by traditional roadway excavation, transforming it into a more controlled and shallow cracking process. This allows for the implementation of precise local support design.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catalysis LettersPub Date : 2025-04-04DOI: 10.1007/s10562-025-04990-1
Meltem Dogan, Hatice Kara Acat, Saliha Cetinyokus
{"title":"Synthesis of K-Cr@alumina Catalysts for Isobutane Dehydrogenation and Membrane Reactor Applications","authors":"Meltem Dogan, Hatice Kara Acat, Saliha Cetinyokus","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-04990-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-04990-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, it was aimed to enrich the feed stream in the FCC (Fluid Catalytic Cracking) unit outlet by isobutane dehydrogenation. A gas mixture consisting of 15 mol% isobutane, 15 mol% isobutene, 15 mol% hydrogen, and 55 mol% helium was used as the feed stream. Reactions were performed in a fixed bed reactor system containing a Pd alloy membrane by creating a pressure difference of 70 kPa between the two sides of the membrane at 550 °C and 600 °C. Catalysts containing 8% Cr by mass and a Cr/K ratio of three were prepared by impregnation technique using alumina supports. The highest amount of monochromate was determined in the catalyst where K was loaded onto the support first. It is known that the most active form for dehydrogenation reactions in chromium-based catalysts is monochromate. It was shown that monochromatic structures were increased by adding potassium. The equilibrium conversions were exceeded at both temperatures. In the catalytic tests carried out at WHSV (Weight Hourly Space Velocity) values corresponding to two different retention times (0.3 h<sup>−1</sup> and 0.5 h<sup>−1</sup>), lower isobutene yield values were obtained when the retention time was increased. The amount of monochromate in the catalyst structure was preserved with the help of water formed during the reaction. The decrease in isobutene yield values during the reaction was explained by isobutene decomposition and coke formation. It was also shown that the excess hydrogen in the medium caused the hydrogenation of propane as well as isobutane hydrogenation.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Catalysis LettersPub Date : 2025-04-04DOI: 10.1007/s10562-025-04997-8
Lan Zhou, Zhuxin Bao, Yanli Pi, Qiuling Shi, Shihao Nan, Zhiling Xiang, Tao Shi, Saimeng Jin, Weifeng Shen
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Isosorbide from Sorbitol with Dimethyl Carbonate Catalyzed by Sodium Acetate Under Mild Condition","authors":"Lan Zhou, Zhuxin Bao, Yanli Pi, Qiuling Shi, Shihao Nan, Zhiling Xiang, Tao Shi, Saimeng Jin, Weifeng Shen","doi":"10.1007/s10562-025-04997-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10562-025-04997-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The environmental challenges associated with the dehydration of sorbitol to isosorbide using strong acid catalysts have prompted the development of cleaner and milder reaction pathway. The dehydration of sorbitol <i>via</i> dimethyl carbonate (DMC) in the presence of a catalytic amount of base is a reliable and environmentally friendly process for the industrial production of isosorbide. Herein, isosorbide is cleanly synthesized from sorbitol with DMC catalyzed by green catalyst sodium acetate under moderate condition. The optimal transformation conditions of sorbitol to isosorbide through DMC are determined to be a molar ratio of sorbitol to DMC = 1:16 and sodium acetate/sorbitol mass ratio = 3:20 reacting at 90 °C for 24 h with approximately 60% yield of isosorbide attained. The proposed synthesis process of isosorbide in this research is less hazardous and more environmental-friendly in compared to traditional synthesis processes, and broadens the range of catalysts used in the DMC based isosorbide production.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":508,"journal":{"name":"Catalysis Letters","volume":"155 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alaa Nihad Tuama, Forat H. Alsultany, Laith H. Alzubaidi, Khalid Haneen Abass, Zahraa N. Salman, Karar Abdali, Doaa Nihad Tomma
{"title":"Synergistic Effect Strategies of the Water-Splitting Photocatalyst Performance in MXenes Coupled System: A Critical Review","authors":"Alaa Nihad Tuama, Forat H. Alsultany, Laith H. Alzubaidi, Khalid Haneen Abass, Zahraa N. Salman, Karar Abdali, Doaa Nihad Tomma","doi":"10.1007/s10876-025-02810-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-025-02810-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The unusual physical and chemical features of transition metal carbide or nitride (MXene) make it an attractive candidate for developing two-dimensional materials over a variety of applications, including lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and biomedical applications. MXene may enable quick separation of photogenerated charge carriers in photocatalysis and supply a large number of functional groups at the surface for materials used in light harvesting, enabling high photoconversion efficiency. Several synthesizing methods for producing 2D MXene nanosheets are covered, including electrochemical etching, hydrothermal synthesis, calcination, exfoliation, and electrostatic assembly, and the impact of the etching conditions is also covered. Specifically, applications related to water-splitting-based hydrogen production were thoroughly discussed based on the synergistic effect between MXene and other materials, which may direct future research into the structuring of novel catalysts with exceptional water-splitting activities. This understanding of the mechanisms underlying the exceptional performances seen in experiments and calculations was particularly insightful. Then, based on the synergistic impact with other catalyst materials, we outline the current developments and progress in the hydrogen production efficiency of MXene-based photocatalysts. Lastly, we offer some closing thoughts and the prospects for developing extremely effective MXene-based photocatalysts in the realm of water splitting.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Margarita A. Gimaldinova, Mikhail M. Maslov, Savas Kaya, Konstantin P. Katin
{"title":"Covalently Bonded 1D Chains and 2D Networks From Si-Doped CL-20: Computational Study","authors":"Margarita A. Gimaldinova, Mikhail M. Maslov, Savas Kaya, Konstantin P. Katin","doi":"10.1007/s10876-025-02805-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10876-025-02805-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To discover high-energy-density materials with characteristics superior to current models, it is necessary to study a wide range of potential structures. A promising representative of new derivatives of the class of high-energy compounds is silicon-substituted molecules CL-20, which have a reactivity and kinetic stability close to pure CL-20 but have a higher density and energy release. Low-dimensional covalent SiCL-20 nanostructures based on silicon analogue of the classical CL-20 high-energy molecule are considered in this work. Covalent nanostructures may have advantages over molecular crystals due to their special properties, such as higher packing density and kinetic stability. It has been established that silicon-substituted CL-20 molecules can connect through CH<sub>2</sub> molecular bridges into covalent structures. Geometrical parameters, energy characteristics, electronic properties, and quantum chemical reactivity descriptors for several representatives of 1D and 2D systems based on Si<sub>5</sub>CL-20 have been calculated using density functional theory. The skeleton of each silicon fragment of the CL-20 system undergoes small changes when combined into covalent chains and networks. Still, the systems retain their consistency, and the effective diameter of the silicon frameworks in the nanostructure takes average values from 4.300 to 4.462 Å. The binding energy of nanostructures increases with the number of silicon CL-20 fragments in the system. The binding energies for a single silicon molecule CL-20 and a double chain SiCL-20 consisting of 12 fragments are 3.846 and 4.077 eV/atom, respectively. Thus, the silicon nanostructures become more thermodynamically stable with increasing the size and dimension of the compound. The study of electronic characteristics made it possible to establish that the value of the HOMO-LUMO gap decreases with an increasing number of fragments in the system, and the considered SiCL-20 covalent molecules can be classified as wide-gap semiconductors, like their classical CL-20 analogues. For example, the values of the HOMO-LUMO gaps for silicon derivatives of CL-20 with dimensions 1 × 1, 6 × 1, 6 × 2, and 4 × 3L are 5.601, 4.378, 4.004, and 3.882 eV respectively. Despite their highly stressed skeleton, they are stable enough to be considered for energy applications and are promising candidates for building blocks of high-energy materials and fuels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":618,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cluster Science","volume":"36 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"piR-38,736 promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation by downregulating SMAD4 expression","authors":"Dongmei Liu, Chenghai Wang, Hongshan Ge, Hong Yu","doi":"10.1007/s10735-025-10412-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10735-025-10412-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) play an important role in cancer development and progression. Although recent studies had advanced our understanding of the functions of various piRNAs in cancer, the specific role of piR-38736 in gastric cancer remained poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the clinical significance and underlying mechanisms of piR-38736 in gastric cancer. This study found that piR-38736 was significantly upregulated in gastric cancer cells and tissues. Positive piR-38736 expression was closely correlated with larger tumor size and medium to poor differentiation. Survival analysis revealed that patients with positive piR-38736 expression had significantly shorter survival times compared to those with negative expression. Knockdown of piR-38736 markedly inhibited cell proliferation and tumor growth in gastric cancer. Furthermore, piR-38736 was found to directly bind to the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of SMAD4 mRNA, resulting in significant downregulation of SMAD4 at both the mRNA and protein levels upon overexpression of piR-38,736. In conclusion, these findings indicate that piR-38,736 promotes cell proliferation and tumor growth in gastric cancer by downregulating SMAD4 expression. piR-38,736 may serve as a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer. Further studies are required to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms of piR-38,736 and explore its clinical implications in gastric cancer management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Histology","volume":"56 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10735-025-10412-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar PhysicsPub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1007/s11207-025-02454-8
Tongjiang Wang, C. Nick Arge, Shaela I. Jones
{"title":"Improved Tomographic Reconstruction of 3D Global Coronal Density from STEREO/COR1 Observations","authors":"Tongjiang Wang, C. Nick Arge, Shaela I. Jones","doi":"10.1007/s11207-025-02454-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11207-025-02454-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tomography is a powerful technique for recovering the three-dimensional (3D) density structure of the global solar corona. In this work, we present an improved tomography method by introducing radial weighting in the regularization term. Radial weighting provides balanced smoothing of density values across different heights, helping to recover finer structures at lower heights while also stabilizing the solution and preventing oscillatory artifacts at higher altitudes. We apply this technique to reconstruct the 3D electron density of Carrington Rotation (CR) 2098 using two weeks of polarized brightness (pB) observations from the inner coronagraph (COR1) on board spacecraft-B of the twin Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO), where the radial weighting function is taken as the inverse intensity background, calculated by averaging all the pB images used. Comparisons between density distributions at various heights from the tomography and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations show good agreement. We find that radial weighting not only effectively corrects the oversmoothing effect near the inner boundary in reconstructions using second-order smoothing but also significantly improves reconstruction quality when using zero-order smoothing. Additionally, comparing reconstructions for CR 2091 from single-satellite data with that from multiviewpoint data suggests that coronal evolution and dynamics may significantly impact on the reconstructed density structures. This improved tomography method has been used to create a database of 3D densities for CRs 2052 to 2154, based on STEREO/COR1-B data, covering the period from 08 January 2007 to 17 September 2014.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":777,"journal":{"name":"Solar Physics","volume":"300 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar PhysicsPub Date : 2025-04-03DOI: 10.1007/s11207-025-02458-4
Liudmila Rakhmanova, Maria Riazantseva, Yuri Yermolaev, Alexander Khokhlachev, Georgy Zastenker
{"title":"Turbulence Evolution Between 0.5 and 1 AU for the Solar Wind of Various Origins","authors":"Liudmila Rakhmanova, Maria Riazantseva, Yuri Yermolaev, Alexander Khokhlachev, Georgy Zastenker","doi":"10.1007/s11207-025-02458-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11207-025-02458-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Probing the solar wind at different distances from the Sun provides a great opportunity to explore turbulence development in the unlimited space. Recent measurements from the near-Sun plasma demonstrate the evolution of turbulence from an undeveloped to a fully developed state on the path from the Sun to the Earth. On the other hand, the properties of turbulence are known to be altered for the solar-wind streams of different origin. The present study adopts measurements during two Solar Orbiter and Wind alignments with separations of 0.1 and 0.5 AU to analyze changes in the properties of turbulence for the same plasma parcels embedded in the solar-wind streams of various origins. The results demonstrate that at scales spectra become shallower toward the Earth’s orbit, while Kolmogorov scaling stays unchanged at the MHD scales. The power of the fluctuations within the inertial range is shown to be an important factor that determines the evolution of the turbulent fluctuations in the inner heliosphere, regardless of the origin of the solar-wind stream.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":777,"journal":{"name":"Solar Physics","volume":"300 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}