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{"title":"Characterization of atmospheric nitrogen wet deposition fluxes and their isotope spectra in typical urban functional zones","authors":"Shuai Zhang,&nbsp;Jia Wang,&nbsp;Chengtao Huang,&nbsp;Fumo Yang,&nbsp;Bo Li,&nbsp;Tingzhen Li,&nbsp;Liuyi Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12665-025-12493-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12665-025-12493-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With rapid economic development, human activities have led to substantial nitrogen (N) emissions, and the excessive N deposition has attracted widespread attention due to its negative ecological effects on urban areas. This study selected four typical functional areas in Wanzhou, Chongqing Municipality, China—industrial, commercial, residential, and agricultural areas—to provide insights into the flux and source characteristics of atmospheric N wet deposition. One year’s precipitation samples were collected, and then the fluxes of ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO₃⁻-N), and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) were analyzed. The highest TDN wet deposition (28.34 kg·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹) was observed in industrial areas, followed by commercial (19.44 kg·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹), agricultural (17.67 kg·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹), and residential areas (16.48 kg·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹), exhibiting a clear spatial trend. The flux characteristics of NH₄⁺-N wet deposition were similar to those of TDN wet deposition, the highest values was observed in industrial areas (22.76 kg·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹), followed by commercial areas (13.24 kg·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹), agricultural areas (11.97 kg·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹), and residential areas (10.11 kg·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹), respectively. The NO₃⁻-N wet deposition fluxes were highest in the industrial area (5.86 kg·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹), followed by commercial (5.46 kg·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹), residential (4.33 kg·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹), and agricultural areas (3.98 kg·ha⁻¹·yr⁻¹). The results of isotope modeling source analysis revealed that the highest contributor to NH₄⁺-N in the industrial area was coal combustion (32%), while biomass combustion had the lowest contribution (18%) compared to other sources. In the other three functional zones, NH₄⁺-N contributions were comparable, with the highest contributions originating from animal waste and fertilizers, while biomass combustion contributed the least. The biomass combustion was the primary source for NO₃⁻-N in the four functional areas. This study enriched the δ¹⁵N source spectrum data of typical functional zones and quantified the sources of N wet deposition in different functional zones. This information can provide a reference for N pollution control in specific functional areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":542,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Earth Sciences","volume":"84 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amphibole-silicate melt halogen partition coefficients: cryptic amphibole fractionation and chlorine to fluorine ratios in arc magmas","authors":"Henry G. Dawson,&nbsp;Paul K. Carpenter,&nbsp;Michael J. Krawczynski","doi":"10.1007/s00410-025-02249-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00410-025-02249-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study 14 experiments were performed in a cold seal pressure vessel at conditions of 850–975 °C and 150–200 MPa to understand Cl and F partitioning between amphibole and dacitic to rhyolitic melts in arc settings. The starting compositions for the experiments were chosen to replicate basaltic andesite samples taken from Shiveluch volcano and a more evolved andesite. We find that F is moderately compatible in amphibole for crustal conditions, with <i>D</i>_F^amph/melt = 4.5–11, and Cl is incompatible, with <i>D</i>_Cl^amph/melt = 0.11–0.25. This adds to the growing experimental database for halogen partitioning between amphibole and melt, but some incongruity remains between mantle condition and crustal condition studies. We performed forward crystallization modeling on the effects of amphibole crystallization on arc volcanic halogen contents and find that the high Cl/F ratios observed in some olivine hosted melt inclusions at arcs may be explainable by the uptake of F into amphibole, providing further evidence for cryptic amphibole crystallization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":526,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","volume":"180 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Method for Determining Energy Losses in Oscillatory Systems Based on ARMA Modeling","authors":"I. A. Karpov,&nbsp;Yu. I. Bobrovnitskii","doi":"10.1134/S1063771025600329","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063771025600329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—Damping (dissipation, energy losses) is the most important parameter of all mechanical oscillatory systems, in addition to elasticity and inertia. Its special role is due to the fact that it directly determines the maximum amplitudes of free and forced vibrations of systems and, accordingly, their dynamic strength and reliability, noise and ecology. Due to the poor study of the physical processes of damping, it is measured experimentally. This article presents one of the new efficient methods for experimental determination of losses, characterized by simplicity, high accuracy and a wide range of applicability. The main attention is paid to substantiation of the method, its properties, and its verification in numerical and laboratory experiments. The method is recommended for measuring the losses of composite highly damped oscillatory systems, where known methods do not work or are too complex.</p>","PeriodicalId":455,"journal":{"name":"Acoustical Physics","volume":"71 2","pages":"144 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Dual-Mode Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer for Preload Measurement of Superalloy Bolts","authors":"Yujia Zeng,&nbsp;Wenze Shi,&nbsp;Chao Lu,&nbsp;Yigang Cheng,&nbsp;Xuewei Zhang,&nbsp;Quanshi Cheng","doi":"10.1007/s10921-025-01233-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10921-025-01233-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electromagnetic ultrasonic measurement of preload in highly attenuating superalloy bolts faces two critical challenges: the low ultrasonic signal amplitude and impracticality of measurement without prior knowledge of the bolt’s initial condition. To address these issues, this study proposes a dual-mode electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) featuring a new permanent magnet configuration. For superalloy bolt specimens, the proposed configuration not only resolves the challenge of insufficient Longitudinal Wave (LW) excitation inherent to traditional EMAT but also achieves a 280.78% enhancement in Shear Wave (SW) signal amplitude. The experimental results on bolt preload measurement demonstrate that the regression model established from measurement data obtained by the new permanent magnet-configured EMAT exhibits a 0.0672 higher <i>R</i>² coefficient compared to that of the traditional EMAT. In the comparative analysis of bolt preload measurement accuracy between mono-wave and bi-wave methods, the relative errors for SW mono-wave, LW mono-wave, and bi-wave methods are 0.45%, 0.18%, and 0.51%, respectively. The new dual-mode EMAT proposed in this study provides a robust methodology and critical data references for aerospace engine bolt preload monitoring.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"44 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drilled Shafts Imaging with 2D Ultrasonic Waveform Tomography","authors":"Bingkun Yang,&nbsp;Khiem T. Tran,&nbsp;Rodrigo Herrera,&nbsp;Kelly Shishlova","doi":"10.1007/s10921-025-01238-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10921-025-01238-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Drilled shafts are the foundation of choice for heavily loaded structures, particularly in urban areas. However, their in-situ concrete casting process is vulnerable to the formation of foundation defects, requiring full-volume imaging of as-built drilled shafts for quality assurance. This study presents a novel two-dimensional (2D) acoustic full-waveform inversion (AFWI) method for high-resolution ultrasonic imaging of drilled shafts, capturing details both inside and outside the rebar cage at centimeter-scale resolution. The method is formulated using 2D acoustic wave equations and adjoint-state optimization, integrating Tikhonov and Total Variation (TV) regularizations to enhance solution stability and preserve sharp structural boundaries. Additionally, an approximate Hessian matrix is incorporated in the regularization gradient, significantly improving inversion accuracy, particularly in regions beyond the rebar cage. Validated through synthetic experiments, the method successfully reconstructs shaft boundaries and detects defects without requiring prior knowledge of design diameter. The mean radial boundary errors of 2.4 m diameter shafts without and with defect are 1.2 cm and 4.4 cm, respectively. To further evaluate its real-world performance, the method is applied to a full-scale drilled shaft measuring 2.4 m in diameter and 21.3 m in length. Experimental ultrasonic data are collected by the standard cross-hole sonic logging (CSL) at depths along the shaft length and inverted to obtain a 2D image of P-wave velocity (<i>V</i>_p) at each depth. Individual 2D <i>V</i>_p images are then combined into a 3D image of the whole drilled shaft. Results confirm that the AFWI approach effectively characterizes the entire shaft, providing high-fidelity imaging and precise boundary delineation with the mean radial error of about 3 cm. To our knowledge, this is the first reported application of full-waveform inversion on an actual drilled shaft, marking a significant advancement in quality assurance of cast-in-place foundations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"44 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Lead Water Service Lines Using Ultrasonic Stress Wave Propagation and 1D-Convolutional Neural Network","authors":"K. I. M. Iqbal,&nbsp;John DeVitis,&nbsp;Kurt Sjoblom,&nbsp;Charles N. Haas,&nbsp;Ivan Bartoli","doi":"10.1007/s10921-025-01236-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10921-025-01236-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water utilities across the United States face challenges in identifying lead water service lines without excavation, as existing non-destructive methods have notable limitations. This study introduces a non-invasive technology based on stress wave propagation to detect service line materials on both the public (utility) and private (customer) sides. Stress waves are generated at the curb-stop valve of the service line by striking an extension rod with an instrumented hammer, which records the input impact signal. Piezoelectric accelerometer sensors placed on the soil surface then detect the pipe’s responses (output signals). This technology was field-tested in 419 service lines across 20 cities of the US. The collected data underwent several signal processing steps for the calculation of the frequency response function (FRF). Since the data was collected from various cities and locations, there were significant variations in soil depth, soil properties, and surface conditions. These variations made it challenging to develop a physics-based algorithm that accurately differentiates lead from non-lead materials (such as copper, galvanized steel, and plastic). A 1D-Convolutional Neural Network (1D-CNN) was developed that uses combined real and imaginary FRF components as input to classify lead versus non-lead materials. The model was trained on 80% of the service line FRF data, with 10% used for validation and the remaining 10% for testing. To evaluate the model’s performance, a confusion matrix was employed to calculate accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score using the testing data. The model achieved 80% accuracy on test data and 80.5% accuracy on 41 blind-tested service lines. These results indicate that the stress wave technology proposed in this study, combined with signal processing and 1D-CNN model, offers a promising solution for non-invasively identifying lead service lines in diverse field conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"44 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10921-025-01236-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal-Polymer Assembly Dimensional Evaluation by X-Ray Computed Tomography: An Experimental Approach Through Relative Intensity Intercomparison","authors":"Daniel Gallardo,&nbsp;Lucía-Candela Díaz,&nbsp;José Antonio Albajez,&nbsp;José A. Yagüe-Fabra","doi":"10.1007/s10921-025-01234-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10921-025-01234-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Accuracy of metrological inspection by X-ray computed tomography (XCT) relies on a good adjustment of evaluation settings. This can be challenging in multi material objects, especially if the differences of density are high. A good indicator of the attenuation of X-rays is the relative intensity (<i>I/I</i>_<i>0</i>): the difference between the beam energy emitted by the tube and received by the detector; however, it is not clear if it could be used alone for generalization. In this paper, an analysis of the attenuation ratio, represented by relative intensity, and its usage to define the expected quality variation of XCT measurements of metal-polymer assemblies is presented. An ad hoc test object has been designed including a polymeric base, interior polymeric cylinders and several outer metallic cylinders with two purposes: (i) obtain similar relative intensity in all projections, and (ii) create different scenarios with a range of <i>I/I</i>_<i>0</i> values. Experimental results confirm the trend observed in simulations, as better quality of the measurements in terms of metrological data and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) is directly related to higher <i>I/I</i>_<i>0</i> values. The threshold of <i>I/I</i>_<i>0</i> ≈ 0.16 has been found to be determinant for dimensional evaluation, as in presence of elements with higher radiopacity, lower– density features could present non– acceptable errors in their measurements. As well, it has been found that same attenuation values do not work similarly on different materials, as higher attenuation coefficient materials (in this case, steel vs. aluminium) create bigger noise levels (in the form of scatter). These findings will help to predict more easily the expected results on metal– polymer assemblies’ evaluation by XCT, being able to estimate more precisely the errors on dimensional measurements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"44 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10921-025-01234-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Concise syntheses of natural diarylheptanoids containing a 1,4‑pentadiene unit","authors":"Guang Tao,&nbsp;Xin‑Yue Hu,&nbsp;Hong‑Xing Liu,&nbsp;Xing‑Ren Li,&nbsp;Li‑Dong Shao,&nbsp;Gang Xu","doi":"10.1007/s13659-025-00525-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13659-025-00525-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":718,"journal":{"name":"Natural Products and Bioprospecting","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13659-025-00525-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cu-Li Co-Doped Mn3O4 cathode materials employed in aqueous zinc-ion batteries","authors":"Jidong Ma,&nbsp;Zhizhu Tang,&nbsp;Wenjun Zhou,&nbsp;Xinya Gu,&nbsp;Kai Du,&nbsp;YiChen Wu,&nbsp;Siyong Gu,&nbsp;Houan Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10854-025-15541-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-025-15541-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Manganese oxides have emerged as promising cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) owing to their low cost, high safety, and environmental benignity. However, the practical application is hindered by poor cycling stability and low electronic conductivity. This study proposes a Cu-Li co-doping strategy to enhance Mn₃O₄’s electrochemical performance, producing the co-doped material (CLMO) using a facile one-step solution combustion method. Experimental results revealed Cu²⁺ substitution at Mn²⁺ sites triggered lattice contraction, shortening Zn²⁺ diffusion pathways, while Li⁺ enhanced cycling stability by suppressing Mn dissolution and stabilizing the lattice. Synergistic co-doping significantly increased oxygen vacancy concentration, improving electronic conductivity. The CLMO cathode exhibited a remarkable capacity of 270 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹ and retained 98% capacity after 800 cycles at 0.5 A g⁻¹, outperforming single-doped and undoped counterparts. EIS analysis further validated the reduced charge transfer resistance (13.17 Ω vs. 75.59 Ω) and accelerated Zn²⁺ diffusion kinetics. These findings elucidate the synergistic mechanisms of bimetallic co-doping and offer a theoretical and technical foundation for developing high-stability ZIBs cathodes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"36 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SwinIR-based Dual-Domain Reconstruction for Sparse-View Computed Tomography","authors":"Jonas Van der Rauwelaert,&nbsp;Caroline Bossuyt,&nbsp;Stijn E. Verleden,&nbsp;Jan Sijbers","doi":"10.1007/s10921-025-01244-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10921-025-01244-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sparse-view computed tomography (CT) remains a significant challenge due to undersampling artifacts and loss of structural detail in the reconstructed images. In this work, we introduce DDSwinIR, a dual-domain reconstruction framework that leverages Swin Transformer-based architectures to recover high-quality CT images from severely undersampled sinograms. DDSwinIR operates in three stages: sinogram upsampling, deep learning-based reconstruction, and a residual refinement module that addresses domain-specific inconsistencies. While previous dual-domain deep learning (DD-DL) approaches improve reconstruction quality, they lack a systematic analysis of component contributions and do not generalize to unseen number of projections. DDSwinIR addresses these gaps through a modular and transparent design, allowing quantification of each network’s module. Our results highlight that early application of data consistency, especially after initial sinogram reconstruction, yields the most substantial and reliable improvements, particularly under extreme sparsity. We also introduce sparse-view concatenation, which enhances performance by improving feature propagation in highly undersampled settings. Extensive evaluation across varying numbers of projections reveal strong generalization when trained on sparse data and tested on denser configurations, but not vice versa, underscoring the importance of low-sparsity training. Compared to conventional reconstruction methods, DDSwinIR achieves superior artifact suppression and detail preservation. This work establishes DDSwinIR as an interpretable and generalizable solution for sparse-view CT, responding to the need for DD-DL reconstruction frameworks for practical applicability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":655,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation","volume":"44 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10921-025-01244-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}