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Confined but chirally and chiral spin symmetric hot matter

IF 4.2 2区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal C Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14164-3

L. Ya. Glozman, A. V. Nefediev, R. F. Wagenbrunn

{"title":"Confined but chirally and chiral spin symmetric hot matter","authors":"L. Ya. Glozman, A. V. Nefediev, R. F. Wagenbrunn","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14164-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14164-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate properties of the quark–antiquark mesons at zero and finite temperature in the framework of a solvable chirally symmetric quark model. The interquark linearly rising interaction is reminiscent of that derived in Coulomb gauge QCD, with the string tension being the only model parameter. We demonstrate that while the confining interaction induces spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry at <span>(T=0)</span>, it gets restored at a temperature <span>(T_textrm{ch}simeq 90)</span> MeV for the string tension fixed to provide the phenomenological value of the quark condensate. This temperature is similar to <span>(T_textrm{ch}simeq 130)</span> MeV observed on the lattice in the chiral limit for <span>(N_c=3)</span>. The physical mechanism responsible for chiral symmetry restoration in the confining regime is Pauli blocking of the quark levels, required for the existence of a nonvanishing quark condensate, by thermal excitations of the quarks and antiquarks. Thus, above the chiral restoration temperature, meson-like states are chirally symmetric and approximately chiral spin symmetric. A crucial property of the confined meson-like light-light states above <span>(T_textrm{ch})</span> is their size that exceeds drastically that in the chirally broken phase below <span>(T_textrm{ch})</span>. Heavy-heavy mesons nearly preserve their size irrespective of the temperature. Furthermore, the root-mean-square radius of the states with <span>(J=0,1)</span> diverges in the chiral limit. This unexpected property must be a key to understanding unusual features of the hot QCD matter as observed at RHIC and LHC. Consequently, the confining but chirally symmetric matter above <span>(T_textrm{ch})</span> can be considered as a dense system of very large and strongly overlapping meson-like states (“strings”).\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14164-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biochar Derived from Curry Leaves for Cr(VI) Removal from Wastewater and Subsequent Use as a Supercapacitor Electrode

IF 0.9 4区化学

Russian Journal of General Chemistry Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1134/S1070363225600195

A. Sakthivel, M. Veera Vignesh, K. Ganesan, G. Sankareshshree, R. P. Siddharthan, J. Dhaveethu Raja

{"title":"Biochar Derived from Curry Leaves for Cr(VI) Removal from Wastewater and Subsequent Use as a Supercapacitor Electrode","authors":"A. Sakthivel, M. Veera Vignesh, K. Ganesan, G. Sankareshshree, R. P. Siddharthan, J. Dhaveethu Raja","doi":"10.1134/S1070363225600195","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1070363225600195","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Addressing energy and environmental problems through sustainable routes is currently a vibrant field. This study focuses on achieving clean water by removing Cr(VI) using sustainable adsorbents, i. e., biochar derived from the fallen curry leaves. Intriguingly, the spent biochar is used as a supercapacitor electrode to find a sustainable solution for energy storage. Initially, biochar is prepared from fallen curry leaves by pyrolysis under an oxygen-deficient environment and characterised using multiple techniques. The prepared biochar could remove ~50 ppm of Cr(VI) from 50 mL of contaminated wastewater under optimized conditions. 1 g of CLB effectively removes 49.8 ppm of Cr(VI) from 140 ppm of the initial Cr(VI) concentration with 120 min residence time and simultaneously converts harmful Cr(VI) into harmless Cr(III). The structural, textural, and morphological properties of the prepared biochar are correlated to its adsorption capacity. Advantageously, the spent biochar, i. e., Cr(VI)-adsorbed biochar, is used as an electrode material that displays a remarkable specific capacitance of 188.44 F/g. The charged capacitors lighten the LED devices glowing brightly beyond 2.75 min. Notably, the prepared supercapacitor devices show the same efficiency during the multiple charging-discharging cycles. This work might add valuable insights into identifying sustainable solutions for achieving clean energy and a healthy environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":761,"journal":{"name":"Russian Journal of General Chemistry","volume":"95 4","pages":"914 - 926"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Optimization of Terahertz Radiation Generation via Sech-Shaped Laser Pulses in Collisional Homogenous Plasma

IF 1.5 4区物理与天体物理

Brazilian Journal of Physics Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1007/s13538-025-01774-1

Jasveer Singh, Sunita Rani, Hitesh Kumar Midha, Vivek Sharma, Vishal Thakur

引用次数: 0

Rational solutions of nonautonomous quadrilateral equations by the bilinearization of Bäcklund transformation systems

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

Theoretical and Mathematical Physics Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1134/S0040577925040051

Danda Zhang, Liya Zhu, Yingying Sun

引用次数: 0

Integration of the generalized Camassa–Holm equation in the class of periodic functions

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

Theoretical and Mathematical Physics Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1134/S0040577925040075

B. A. Babajanov, D. O. Atajonov

引用次数: 0

Biological applications on a novel composite hydrogel containing mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with insulin-like growth Factor-1 and Vancomycin

IF 4.2 3区医学

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-025-06884-5

Haiyong Ren, Qiaofeng Guo, Bingyuan Lin, Yiyang Liu, Xiang Wang, Kai Huang, Kaiting Wu

{"title":"Biological applications on a novel composite hydrogel containing mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded with insulin-like growth Factor-1 and Vancomycin","authors":"Haiyong Ren, Qiaofeng Guo, Bingyuan Lin, Yiyang Liu, Xiang Wang, Kai Huang, Kaiting Wu","doi":"10.1007/s10856-025-06884-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10856-025-06884-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polymer nanocomposites have prolific applications in the environmental and health domain. Healthcare workers have constantly faced a challenge in constructing an effective sustained-release system for drugs, especially in areas where it is difficult to follow traditional treatment guidelines. To achieve a dual sustained release of vancomycin and cell growth factors, we designed a composite hydrogel, which was polymerized under ultraviolet irradiation to form a methacrylate gelatin (GelMA)/polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) cross-linked system. The hydrogel showed antibacterial and pro-osteogenic differentiation activities by blending it with vancomycin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)-loaded silica particles. The experimental results showed that with increased PEGDA concentration, the hydrogels were degraded by swelling with a longer sustained release time. After 144-h immersion, the hydrogel still showed sustained release of IGF-1. The antibacterial experiment showed that the hydrogel pair had an obvious antibacterial effect against S. aureus. The results of live/dead staining and Cell Counting kit-8 assay indicated excellent biocompatibility of the hydrogel. Alizarin Red staining (ARS) further demonstrated that this hydrogel could induce bone marrow stem cells to initiate osteogenic differentiation. This hydrogel material exhibited excellent antibacterial and pro-osteogenic differentiation properties and might be promising for chronic osteomyelitis treatment.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":647,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10856-025-06884-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diel variation of hydrochemistry in streams in protected areas in northeastern Brazil

IF 2.9 4区环境科学与生态学

Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-025-14026-1

Pierre Martín Márquez Malarín, Jéssica Carneiro de Souza, Daniela Mariano Lopes da Silva

{"title":"Diel variation of hydrochemistry in streams in protected areas in northeastern Brazil","authors":"Pierre Martín Márquez Malarín, Jéssica Carneiro de Souza, Daniela Mariano Lopes da Silva","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14026-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-14026-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research investigates the diel variations in nutrient concentrations in preserved streams located in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest biomes of Bahia, Brazil. By examining both organic and inorganic forms of nitrogen and phosphorus, the study aims to understand how these nutrients fluctuate in response to environmental factors such as precipitation and landscape features. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of nutrient cycling in tropical stream ecosystems, providing insights that could aid in conservation strategies. Water samples were collected every hour using an automatic sampler over a 24-h period, covering both dry and rainy seasons to reflect seasonal variability. The abiotic variables pH, DO, conductivity, and temperature were measured during sampling, and subsequent nutrient analyses were conducted (including nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, and both dissolved and particulate organic nitrogen and phosphorus) along with Chlorophyll-a. This system-wide analysis provides a more comprehensive understanding, enabling us to effectively link nutrient dynamics with environmental conditions. Results indicate that abiotic variables were the only parameters showing diel variation, with higher values during the daytime. A comparison of parameters between Cerrado (M1) and Atlantic Forest (M2) revealed that almost all values were higher in the Atlantic Forest during the rainy season. Our findings suggest that vegetation cover, soil characteristics, and biogeochemical processes in soil and water were more influential in the variations between areas than diel fluctuations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring decoupling process and energy exchange in compact stars induced by dark matter spike density profile within complexity free domain

IF 4.2 2区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal C Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14151-8

S. K. Maurya, Sweeti Kiroriwal, Jitendra Kumar, Abdul Aziz

{"title":"Exploring decoupling process and energy exchange in compact stars induced by dark matter spike density profile within complexity free domain","authors":"S. K. Maurya, Sweeti Kiroriwal, Jitendra Kumar, Abdul Aziz","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14151-8","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14151-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study focuses on the characteristics of compact stars composed of dark matter induced by gravitational decoupling in the context of the general theory of relativity. We are proposing an anisotropic model holding an Einasto spike dark matter density profile. The vanishing complexity factor along with a complete geometric deformation approach has been used to solve the decoupled field equations for the spherically symmetric celestial objects. In the current decoupled solution, the decoupling parameter <span>(beta )</span> determines the quantity of dark matter content inside the object. Additionally, we determine the model’s physical quantities such as pressure, density, anisotropy, causality criteria, energy exchange between the fluid distributions, and variation of mass with central density mass within the stellar model PSR J0952-0607 for different values of <span>(beta )</span> which shows the impact of dark matter content on these physical quantities. Furthermore, we have also shown the influence of <span>(beta )</span> on the radii of the astrophysical binary pulsars GW190814, PSR J0952-0607, and PSR J1614-2230. In the framework of the decoupling approach, our graphical findings show that binary pulsars have mass lower than <span>(M_{max})</span> but higher radii for a specific <span>(M{-}R)</span> curve for well-defined values of given parameters.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14151-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Topological insights into black hole thermodynamics: non-extensive entropy in CFT framework

IF 4.2 2区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal C Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14173-2

Mohammad Ali S. Afshar, Mohammad Reza Alipour, Saeed Noori Gashti, Jafar Sadeghi

{"title":"Topological insights into black hole thermodynamics: non-extensive entropy in CFT framework","authors":"Mohammad Ali S. Afshar, Mohammad Reza Alipour, Saeed Noori Gashti, Jafar Sadeghi","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14173-2","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14173-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we conducted an in-depth investigation into the thermodynamic topology of Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet black holes within the framework of Conformal Field Theory (CFT), considering the implications of non-extensive entropy formulations. Our study reveals that the parameter <span>(lambda )</span> (Rényi entropy) plays a crucial role in the phase behavior of black holes. Specifically, when <span>(lambda )</span> is below the critical value (C), it has a negligible impact on the phase behavior. However, when <span>(lambda )</span> exceeds the critical value, it significantly alters the phase transition outcomes. Determining the most physically representative values of <span>(lambda )</span> will require experimental validation, but this parameter flexibility allows researchers to better explain black hole phase transitions under varying physical conditions. Furthermore, the parameters <span>(alpha )</span> and <span>(beta )</span> affect the phase structure and topological charge for the Sharma–Mittal entropy. Only in the case of <span>(C>C_c)</span> and in the condition of <span>(alpha approx beta )</span> will we have a first-order phase transition with topological charge + 1. Additionally, for the loop quantum gravity (LQG) non-extensive entropy as the parameter <i>q</i> approaches 1, the classification of topological charges changes. We observe configurations with one and three topological charges with respect to critical value <i>C</i>, resulting in a total topological charge <span>(W = +1)</span>, and configurations with two topological charges <span>((omega = +1, -1))</span>, leading to a total topological charge <span>(W = 0)</span>. These findings provide new insights into the complex phase behavior and topological characteristics of black holes in the context of CFT and non-extensive entropy formulations.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14173-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synthesis of polymer-grafted thermally reduced graphene oxide by RAFT polymerization and their effects on properties of cured unsaturated polyester resins. I. Synthesis of polymer-grafted thermally reduced graphene oxide by RAFT polymerization

IF 2.6 4区化学

Journal of Polymer Research Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1007/s10965-025-04389-x

Rong-Woei Chang, Yeong-Jenq Wang, Jy-Ning Yang, Yan-Jyi Huang

{"title":"Synthesis of polymer-grafted thermally reduced graphene oxide by RAFT polymerization and their effects on properties of cured unsaturated polyester resins. I. Synthesis of polymer-grafted thermally reduced graphene oxide by RAFT polymerization","authors":"Rong-Woei Chang, Yeong-Jenq Wang, Jy-Ning Yang, Yan-Jyi Huang","doi":"10.1007/s10965-025-04389-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-025-04389-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The polymer-grafted thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRGO) as low-profile additive (LPA) for unsaturated polyester resins (UP) was synthesized by simultaneous coupling reaction and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process. Z functionalized S-Benzyl S'-trimethoxysilylpropyltrithiocarbonate (BTPT) was used as couplable RAFT chain transfer agent to prepare the TRGO-polymer, where the grafted polymer was made from poly(butyl acrylate)-b-poly(methyl acrylate-co-glycidyl methacrylate) (designated as TRGO-g-PBA-b-P(MA-co-GMA)). For the six TRGO-polymer, abbreviated as TRGO-Gx-yK (x = 10 or 20; y = 8, 17, or 30), the initial molar composition of GMA incorporated in exterior grafted polymer was set at 10 or 20 mol%, molecular weights (M<sub>n</sub>) of grafted polymer were controlled at nominal values of 8000, 17000, and 30000 g/mol, the molar grafting ratio (G<sub>p</sub>) was 15.6 to 216 μmol polymer chain/g TRGO, and the molar grafting ratio of epoxy group in GMA residue (G<sub>p,GMA</sub>) was 154 to 1490 μmol epoxy group/g TRGO. G<sub>p</sub> and G<sub>p,GMA</sub> were lower for TRGO-polymer with a higher nominal M<sub>n</sub> for the grafted polymer chain, which was ascribed to the more noticeable shielding effect for a longer grafted polymer chain on TGRO during synthesis. The number of stacked layers (N) from XRD measurements was 143.2, 14.3, and 6.9 for graphite, GO, and TRGO, respectively. For polymer-grafted TRGO, N decreased to 3.8–6.9. Either increasing M<sub>n</sub> or increasing GMA composition in the exterior grafted polymer on TRGO led to a smaller N. Higher G<sub>p</sub>, lower N, or higher G<sub>p,GMA</sub> would enhance miscibility for styrene/UP/TRGO-polymer system during cure due to better dispersion and interfacial adhesion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"32 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10965-025-04389-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0