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{"title":"Development and Characterization of Fast-Dissolving Tablets for the Combination Therapy of Ketorolac and Rizatriptan Benzoate","authors":"Rawand Sirwan Izzalddin,&nbsp;Suren Azad Ramadhan,&nbsp;Muhannad Omer Taher,&nbsp;Sara Assif Younis,&nbsp;Nozad Rashid Hussien,&nbsp;Huner Kamal Omer,&nbsp;Diyar Salahuddin Ali","doi":"10.1007/s12247-025-10156-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12247-025-10156-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objective</h3><p>Fast-dissolving tablets (FDTs) are uncoated tablets designed to disperse quickly in the mouth before swallowing. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a combination of ketorolac and rizatriptan as fast-dissolving tablets for migraine treatment. The effects of different diluents and super disintegrants on wetting time, water absorption ratio, disintegration, and dissolution time were investigated using the direct compression technique.</p><h3>Method</h3><p>Pre-formulation studies ruled out physicochemical interactions between the drugs and excipients. Four formulations were developed with varying diluents and super disintegrants. The tablets were evaluated for organoleptic properties, weight variation, thickness, friability, hardness, disintegration time, wetting time, water absorption ratio, and stability.</p><h3>Result</h3><p>FT-IR analysis confirmed no interactions between the drugs and excipients. The optimized formula, F4, containing 2.5% crospovidone and 2.5% Kyron T-134, showed the best performance. It exhibited rapid drug release, with most active ingredients released within five minutes. F4 had the shortest wetting time, the fastest disintegration time (10 s), a strong stability profile, and an improved taste with strawberry flavoring.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>A combination of Kyron T-134 and crospovidone in a 1:1 ratio provided rapid disintegration. Thus, ketorolac tromethamine and rizatriptan benzoate can be formulated as fast-dissolving tablets using direct compression, improving patient compliance in migraine treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":656,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Innovation","volume":"20 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of acute nephrotoxicity induced by CuO nanosheet as a nanopesticide through TNF-α and NF-kB up-regulation","authors":"Mohamed Y. Zaky,&nbsp;Abeer M. Abdel-Azeem,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Farghali,&nbsp;Ebtesam Al-Olayan,&nbsp;Chuanyi Wang,&nbsp;Fatma K. Khidr,&nbsp;Eman S. Abdel-Rehiem,&nbsp;Manal Abdul-Hamid","doi":"10.1186/s43094-025-00848-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s43094-025-00848-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nanoparticles have gained prominence in the formulation of nanopesticides, leveraging their unique nanocharacteristics. This study delves into the nephrotoxic implications of CuONanoSheet (CuONS), as nanopesticide tailored for agricultural applications to understand its safety and viability in this field. The nanocharacterization of CuONS was meticulously examined using X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and Zeta-Sizer device, which assessed zeta-potential, hydrodynamic size, and polydispersity index. Rats treated with CuONS showed elevated levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid and a significant increase in lipid peroxidation (MDA) and reduced levels of antioxidant enzymes. CuONS treatment resulted in an imbalance in pro-apoptotic Bax and anti-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma2 (Bcl2) levels. Histologically, CuONS induced glomerulus degeneration and vacuolation in tubules lining epithelium. Immunohistochemical evaluations revealed strong expressions of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α), and the tumor suppressor gene (p53) in CuONS-treated kidneys. Ultrastructural assessments further confirmed these structural abnormalities. While CuONS exhibits potential as a nanopesticide, caution is warranted due to observed negative impacts on kidney functions, and histological architecture, in this study. Careful consideration of potential side effects on other living organisms is imperative in the utilization of CuONS in agricultural practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":577,"journal":{"name":"Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://fjps.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s43094-025-00848-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Intraocular Pressure Following Helicopter Flight","authors":"Şükrü Hakan Gündüz,&nbsp;Tomurcuk Harbigil Sever,&nbsp;İffet Yarımağa,&nbsp;Onur Tezel","doi":"10.1007/s12217-025-10215-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12217-025-10215-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exposure to high-altitude conditions during flight or other similar activities has a wide-ranging impact on visual function, which is crucial not just for flight safety but for any altitude-related activity. We aimed to look at the impact of high altitude on the intraocular pressure (IOP) of helicopter pilots. The flight took off from the airstrip at 5,525 feet and flew for an hour every day for 10 days at 8,000 feet. above mean sea level. Flights were undertaken at an altitude of 12,000 feet above mean sea level over the next 10 days. During these days, pilots had no other flights. Each pilot’s one eye was measured with a Tonopen (Reichert Tono-Pen AVIA) after five topical anesthetic drops prior to flight. The arithmetic mean of five measurements was determined and recorded as a value. The pre- and post-flight data for each subgroup were analyzed using the paired sample T-test in SPSS version 20 software. For the flights at an altitude of 8,000 feet, no group showed a significant change in IOP. For the flights at an altitude of 12,000 feet, both groups showed statistically significant changes in IOP. IOP decrease may contribute to an increased risk of safety events following prolonged flights at high altitudes in helicopter pilots.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":707,"journal":{"name":"Microgravity Science and Technology","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the forming performance of alternating magnetic field-assisted laser cladding based on data-enhanced CPO-TCN-BiLSTM and SMS-EMOA composite algorithm","authors":"Jiabo Liu,&nbsp;Chang Li,&nbsp;Yuhao Wang,&nbsp;Sen Wang,&nbsp;Xing Han","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08980-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08980-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Alternating magnetic field-assisted laser cladding (AMF-LC) technology can significantly improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of the cladding layer. However, the introduction of multi-energy fields significantly increases the complexity of parameter adjustment. Therefore, a composite optimization algorithm was innovatively proposed in this study. The experimental data was expanded based on the BOKI data augmentation technology. The composite model of the convolutional parallel optimization algorithm - temporal convolutional network - bidirectional long Short-Term memory network (CPO-TCN-BiLSTM) was established to map the nonlinear relationship between process parameters and experiments. The multi-objective optimization SMS-EMOA algorithm based on the hypervolume index was combined with the multi-criteria decision method (VIKOR) to optimize the process parameters. Based on the optimal parameters, the influence of alternating magnetic fields on the microstructure and mechanical properties of multi-pass and multi-layer laser cladding layers was investigated. The results show that the prediction error of the composite algorithm is within 5%, with high accuracy. Compared with the control group, the performance of the cladding layer is excellent. Experiments show that alternating magnetic fields can significantly improve cladding defects such as pores and cracks. Magnetic stirring makes dendrites denser. The distribution of elements is more uniform. The average hardness of the lap joint area increased by 1.46%, and the maximum hardness increase reached 2.35%. This study proposes a systematic exploration that combines multi-dimensional algorithms with experiments, providing theoretical guidance for the optimization of complex cladding process parameters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of superior Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes from seedling-originated trees in the North-Western Himalayan region based on morphological characterization using multivariate analysis","authors":"Megha Ahir,&nbsp;Jitender K. Chauhan,&nbsp;Dharam Paul Sharma,&nbsp;Vishal S. Rana,&nbsp;R. K. Dogra,&nbsp;Girish Dangi","doi":"10.1007/s00114-025-02012-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00114-025-02012-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The current research study was undertaken with the aim of evaluating 98 distinct walnut genotypes from the existing seedling population and assessing 26 qualitative and 21 quantitative morphological and physiological characteristics pertaining to trees, leaf, nut and kernel traits. The results revealed a significant degree of diversity among the examined walnut genotypes. A strong positive and negative association in evaluated morphological and physiological traits was identified through the analysis of correlation coefficients. Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA) applied to qualitative and quantitative characters successfully explained a notable amount of the entire variation, with the first nine and six PCs explaining 65.89 % and 78.81 % of variability, respectively. Using Ward’s clustering method with the Euclidean distance metric, a hierarchical dendrogram was generated, in which two major groups were identified among the walnut genotypes, each of which subsequently partitioned into multiple smaller sub-clusters. This classification underscores the substantial genetic variability among the walnut genotypes, highlighting their potential for targeted breeding programs. Notably, genotypes distributed across different clusters present promising candidates for hybridization, facilitating the development of novel walnut varieties with desirable traits. The dendrogram illustrating the evaluated characteristics clearly demonstrates significant differentiation among the genotypes, emphasizing distinct variations. The integration of molecular techniques with conventional morphological assessments could further enhance the accuracy of genetic differentiation, thereby offering a more reliable and comprehensive approach to genotype classification and selection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":794,"journal":{"name":"The Science of Nature","volume":"112 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of free volume using positron annihilation study in Ag2O-doped ZnO-P2O5-SeO2 glass ceramics","authors":"M. Kostrzewa,&nbsp;G. Naga Koti Reddy,&nbsp;A. Venkata Sekhar,&nbsp;A. Ingram,&nbsp;N. Purnachand,&nbsp;G. Sahaya Baskaran,&nbsp;G. Naga Raju,&nbsp;V. Ravi Kumar,&nbsp;Nalluri Veeraiah","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-09028-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-09028-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Glass ceramics with the composition ZnO–P₂O₅–SeO₂ doped with varying amounts of silver oxide (Ag₂O) were synthesized. The effect of Ag₂O on atomic vacancy formation was studied using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). XRD and SEM studies confirmed the presence of Ag₃PO₄, Ag₂SeO₃ crystal phases, and Ag⁰ nanoparticles in the glassy matrix. Infrared spectroscopy showed that increasing Ag₂O content enhanced the fraction of Ag⁰ nanoparticles in the glass network while decreasing the fraction of ZnO₄ and [SeO₄]²⁻ units. This change indicated an increase in free volume defects, such as voids, that trap positrons. Analysis of positron annihilation lifetime spectra revealed an increase in the longest-lived component (I₃) and its lifetime (τ₃) with higher Ag₂O concentrations, indicating greater void expansion and agglomeration in the glass ceramic. These findings correspond to changes in ac conductivity and suggested that these glass ceramics could be developed as solid electrolytes for solid-state batteries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and magnetic tailoring of Co-Cu ferrite nanoparticles via Cd2+ substitution: a multi-characterization approach","authors":"D. El-Said Bakeer,&nbsp;M. Y. El Sayed,&nbsp;E. M. Abdallah,&nbsp;R. Awad,&nbsp;S. G. Elsharkawy","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08897-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08897-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the structural and magnetic tunability of Co–Cu ferrite nanoparticles via dual-site substitution of Cd²⁺ at both Co²⁺ and Cu²⁺ lattice sites in the Co_0.5Cu_0.5Fe₂O₄ spinel lattice. Nanoparticles with the nominal composition Co_0.5−xCu_0.5−xCd_2xFe₂O₄ (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06) were synthesized using an efficient co-precipitation method. The large ionic radius of Cd²⁺ promotes its occupation of tetrahedral sites, which disrupts the magnetocrystalline anisotropy associated with Co²⁺ and the Jahn–Teller distortions associated with Cu²⁺, leading to cation redistribution, modifications in superexchange interactions, and potentially the initiation of spin canting. Compared to single-site doping, this dual-site substitution introduces greater structural and magnetic complexity, offering a promising approach for multifunctional ferrite design. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed a predominant face-centered cubic spinel phase with Co_0.5Cu_0.5Fe₂O₄ as the primary phase and a minor hematite (Fe₂O₃) secondary phase. Increasing Cd²⁺ content induced a systematic lattice parameter expansion and crystallite size reduction (from 15.47 nm to 12.11 nm), indicating lattice distortion due to ionic substitution. TEM analysis showed quasi-spherical, slightly agglomerated nanoparticles with sizes decreasing from 15.47 nm to 12.11 nm as x increased from 0.00 to 0.06. HRTEM confirmed the material’s polycrystalline nature through observed (220) and (311) lattice fringes. FTIR spectra displayed two characteristic absorption bands 510–580 cm⁻¹ and 400–450 cm⁻¹) confirming spinel formation, while Raman spectroscopy revealed a blue shift in the <span>(:{A}_{1g})</span>mode, associated with Fe³⁺ migration towards tetrahedral sites. Additionally, XPS analysis confirmed the oxidation states of the constituent elements in the samples as Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺, Cd²⁺and O²⁻. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) measurements showed ferromagnetic hysteresis loops with a non-linear variation of saturation magnetization (<span>(:{M}_{s})</span>) and a significant reduction in coercivity (<span>(:{H}_{c})</span>) from 851.98 G to 306.06 G, reflecting progressive magnetic softening with Cd²⁺ incorporation. Complementary, ESR analysis showed asymmetric resonance line shapes, a downshift in <span>(:{H}_{r})</span>, and an enhancement in the Landé <span>(:g)</span> -factor, which was consistent with modifications in the local magnetic environment. These tunable structural and magnetic properties highlight the potential of Cd-substituted Co–Cu ferrites for applications in high-frequency electronics and EMI shielding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00339-025-08897-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of time temperature profiles for thermoluminescence glow curve analysis of MgSO4:Dy2O3 powder in TLD applications","authors":"Hayder Salah Naeem,&nbsp;Iskandar Shahrim Mustafa,&nbsp;N. N. Yusof,&nbsp;M. I. Sayyed,&nbsp;Ammar Nadal Shareef,&nbsp;Alghareeb Abbas Abdulhussein Mohammed,&nbsp;Ali Q. Tuama,&nbsp;Thair Hussein Khazaalah,&nbsp;Nabasu Seth Ezra,&nbsp;Oke Aduragbemi Olaoluwa,&nbsp;Munirah Jamil,&nbsp;G. I. Efenji,&nbsp;Muhammad Fadhirul Izwan bin Abdul Malik","doi":"10.1007/s00339-025-08994-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00339-025-08994-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the current study, the demand for highly sensitive radiation dosimeters is increasing, prompting the exploration of novel materials for thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD). This research investigates the potential of MgSO₄:Dy₂O₃ powders as new TLDs, comparing their performance against the commercial dosimeter TLD-100. The samples were prepared: (MgSO₄)_1-x(Dy₂O₃)_x with x = 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5. These samples were synthesized using thermal treatment at temperatures of 600–1000 °C for 6, 8 h. The samples were characterized to assess crystallization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and mapping. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and raman spectroscopy were employed to verify the physicochemical composition and vibrational characteristics of the thermoluminescent (TL) materials. Optimization and dosimetric evaluations were conducted using X-ray irradiation at low doses, followed by readout with a Harshaw TLD-3500 reader. The XRD patterns confirmed the crystalline nature of the powders. Dosimetric capabilities were assessed by exposing the prepared samples to 2.97 mGy of X-ray radiation for ten cycles. The samples MSD0.5, optimized at 900 °C for 6 h in powder form, exhibited the highest sensitivity and dose response, with TLD readings of 458.95 nC, compared with 213.45 nC for TLD-100. The significant increase in sensitivity, along with stable time temperature profile (TTP) settings, suggests improved accuracy, positioning these materials as promising candidates for high performance radiation dosimetry in both environmental monitoring and medical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":473,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics A","volume":"131 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and validation of an alternative automated synthesis of [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 in an independent laboratory for clinical use","authors":"Silvia Migliari,&nbsp;Alessandra Guercio,&nbsp;Anna Gagliardi,&nbsp;Roberta Giaccari,&nbsp;Stefano Bruno,&nbsp;Anne Roivainen,&nbsp;Sarita Forsback,&nbsp;Giorgio Baldari,&nbsp;Maura Scarlattei,&nbsp;Livia Ruffini","doi":"10.1186/s41181-025-00396-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s41181-025-00396-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Siglec-9, a member of the Siglec family of receptors, plays a crucial role in modulating immune cell trafficking and inflammation, with significant clinical implications. It is predominantly expressed on immune cells such as neutrophils, monocytes, and dendritic cells –key components of both innate and adaptive immunity. Siglec-9 binds to sialic acid residues on glycoproteins, commonly found on endothelial cells, a mechanism central to immune regulation during inflammation and tissue injury. Notably, its interaction with vascular adhesion protein 1 (VAP-1), an endothelial adhesion molecule, is of particular interest for therapeutic development in chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. Recent studies have demonstrated that a Siglec-9 motif-containing peptide conjugated with 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N, N′,N′′,N′′′-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and radiolabelled with gallium-68 ([⁶⁸Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9) enables effective positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of these pathological conditions. This study aimed to develop a new automated radiolabelling protocol for the preparation of [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 for clinical use. The synthesis was carried out using a fully automated module with real-time monitoring of key parameters including time, temperature, and radioactivity.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Following optimization of labelling conditions and assessment of peptide stability, [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 was successfully synthesized with a radiochemical yield (RY) of 55.04%, radiochemical purity (RCP) of 99.48%, and molar activity (Am) of 23.15 GBq/µmol at 65 °C in 6 min. Process validation yielded consistent mean values of RY (56.16%), RCP (99.40%). and Am (20.26 GBq/µmol). Stability testing at room temperature over 3 h demonstrated that [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-DOTA-Siglec-9 maintained acceptable RCP (mean99.29%), pH, appearance, and sterility.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The final product meets <i>Ph. Eur.</i> quality requirements and is suitable for clinical application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":534,"journal":{"name":"EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ejnmmipharmchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s41181-025-00396-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salinity dynamics in the Sundarbans of Bangladesh: influence of climate, freshwater inflow, and sea level changes","authors":"Shahriar Wahid,&nbsp;Mohammed Mainuddin,&nbsp;Francis Chiew,&nbsp;Fazlul Karim,&nbsp;Shaikh Nahiduzzaman,&nbsp;Rubayat Alam,&nbsp;Md. Raqubul Hasib","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14667-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-14667-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Sundarbans mangrove ecosystem, the world’s largest contiguous mangrove forest, is under pressure from changing salinity due to climate change, reduced freshwater input from upstream rivers, and tidal dynamics in the Bay of Bengal. Despite its ecological and socio-economic significance, previous studies have not provided a comprehensive, location-specific assessment of salinity that explicitly links spatial heterogeneity with hydroclimatic drivers. This study synthesised and analysed the best available data in the Bangladesh Sundarbans over the 26 years to quantify the characteristics, trends, and interrelationships of these variables spatially and temporally. The results reveal that salinity has been consistently higher in the western part of the Sundarbans, and extreme salinity levels have increased since 2010. There has been a statistically significant decrease in the freshwater inflow from the Ganges through the Gorai River (at the Gorai railway bridge location) since the early 1980s, which has led to increased downstream salinity. Strong statistical correlations enabled robust predictions of salinity as a function of rainfall and temperature. A rising water level trend at Hiron Point is attributed to the rise in sea levels. The absence of long-term measurement data prevents the exploration of salinity dynamics in the numerous creeks that crisscross the mangrove ecosystem. It is crucial to establish continuous monitoring and assessment to better understand and manage the impacts of climate change and development on the Bangladesh Sundarbans and similar coastal ecosystems worldwide.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-025-14667-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145316432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}