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{"title":"On the Electrodispersion of a Liquid from the Meniscus at the End of a Capillary: Droplet Detachment–Disintegration of the Ejected Jet","authors":"S. O. Shiryaeva,&nbsp;A. I. Grigor’ev","doi":"10.1134/S1061933X26600697","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1061933X26600697","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The place of the poorly studied mode referred to as “branching jets” in the general phenomenological classification of the modes has been determined. It has been found that the “branching jet” mode is realized only for liquids with very high dimensionless viscosities (in the region of the transition from a very viscous to a viscoelastic liquid), high electrical conductivities, and violated axial symmetry of the jet at the final stage of the phenomenon. When the “branching jet” mode is realized, the electrostatic field strength in the vicinity of the daughter jets is at the threshold of corona discharge ignition in the ambient gaseous medium. It has been shown that the “branching jet” and “fan” modes of electrodispersion differ in the electrical voltage applied to the discharge gap and in the viscosities of the liquids being dispersed.</p>","PeriodicalId":521,"journal":{"name":"Colloid Journal","volume":"88 5","pages":"829 - 837"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Insight into the Rate Dependent Viscoelastic Behavior of PVDF","authors":"Arthanareeswaran Shubha,&nbsp;Sachin Varma,&nbsp;Payel Bandyopadhyay","doi":"10.1134/S0965545X26600183","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0965545X26600183","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is widely used in soft piezoelectric devices, where mechanical stability plays a critical role in long-term performance. In this work, the rate-dependent elastic and viscoelastic behavior of pristine PVDF films is investigated using nanoindentation. Experiments are carried out at room temperature with a maximum load of 30 mN using four different loading times (5, 10, 15, and 20 s), corresponding to loading rates of 6, 3, 2, and 1.5 mN/s, while maintaining a constant holding time of 10 s. The results show a clear loading-rate dependence, with the elastic modulus and hardness increasing by approximately 14.7 and 11.7%, respectively, as the loading rate increases. Creep compliance data obtained from the indentation hold segment are analyzed using the three-element Standard Linear Solid (Kelvin–Voigt form) and the four-element Burger model to extract the viscoelastic parameters. Comparative analysis reveals that the instantaneous elastic modulus (<i>E</i>₁) remains independent of loading rate in both models, whereas the delayed elastic modulus (<i>E</i>₂) decreases with increasing loading rate by ~31% in the SLS–K.V model and ~40% in the Burger model. Furthermore, the viscous parameters show significant rate sensitivity, with η₁ decreasing by ~57% and η₂ reducing to nearly half of its initial value at higher loading rates in both models. These results highlight the pronounced rate-dependent viscoelastic response of PVDF and provide insights relevant to the mechanical reliability of PVDF-based piezoelectric devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":738,"journal":{"name":"Polymer Science, Series A","volume":"68 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproducibility of Velocity Profiles in Gas Flow Metering Units under Complex Gasdynamic Conditions","authors":"N. S. Dushin,&nbsp;I. V. Nikiforov,&nbsp;A. A. Valeev","doi":"10.1134/S1063785026700938","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1063785026700938","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The efficiency of four modifications of flow conditioners in terms of smoothing velocity profiles and ensuring their reproducibility with varying flow history and turbulence intensity at low Reynolds numbers was experimentally studied. The relevance of the work is due to the problem of increasing the accuracy of gas flow measurement in complex gas-dynamic conditions, especially in the region of laminar–turbulent transition. An approach has been identified that allows for the leveling of velocity profile deformations in a wide range of flow histories with a flow turbulence level not exceeding 14% and down to a lower Reynolds number value of 943.</p>","PeriodicalId":784,"journal":{"name":"Technical Physics Letters","volume":"52 9","pages":"472 - 475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nontransitive Dice with Equal Means and Variances","authors":"A. N. Yakusheva","doi":"10.1134/S1064562426700134","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1064562426700134","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aims to investigate the nontransitivity of the stochastic precedence relation. The dice were taken as an example of discrete random variables with a finite set of values. The means and variances of the dice were assumed those of the classical dice. The whole variety of nontransitive sets containing three or four dice were found in case of one or two tosses and various ways to determine the advantage. The sets that reveal the strongest property of nontransitivity were obtained according to the specific function. The hypothesis has been tested about the emergence of nontransitivity after two tosses of dice in originally transitive sets.</p>","PeriodicalId":531,"journal":{"name":"Doklady Mathematics","volume":"113 3","pages":"111 - 119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of efficient betaine-based natural deep eutectic solvents for metal leaching from waste printed circuit boards.","authors":"Emmanuel Anuoluwapo Oke, Johannes Hermanus Potgieter","doi":"10.1007/s11356-026-38292-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-026-38292-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid growth of electronic waste has intensified the need for sustainable approaches for metal recovery from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). In this study, betaine-based natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) were developed as lixiviants for metal extraction from WPCBs. Betaine (BET) was used as the hydrogen bond acceptor, while ethane-1,2-diol (ETD), propane-1,2-diol (PPD), and butane-1,2-diol (BTD) served as hydrogen bond donors (HBDs) to investigate the influence of HBD structure on the physicochemical properties and leaching performance of the resulting NADES. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicated intermolecular interactions between BET and the diol-based HBDs, while thermogravimetric analysis/derivative thermogravimetry (TGA/DTG) showed pronounced mass-loss-rate maxima above 240 °C for all three NADES. Rheological measurements revealed Newtonian flow behaviour, with viscosity increasing with increasing diol chain length; BET:ETD exhibited the lowest viscosity (50.1 mPa·s) at 20 °C. Under the experimental conditions of 75 °C, 6 h, 1.0 M H₂O₂, 500 rpm, and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20, BET:ETD achieved leaching efficiencies of 99.3% for Cu, 99.5% for Pb, 97.8% for Fe, 95.4% for Al, 90.5% for Sn, and 73.9% for Ti. Kinetic analysis based on the shrinking core model and activation energy evaluation indicated a mixed-control mechanism involving interfacial reaction and diffusion processes. SEM, XRD, and FTIR analyses further indicated substantial dissolution of metallic phases while the polymeric and glass-fibre matrix was largely preserved. Overall, the results demonstrate that betaine-based NADES, most especially BET:ETD, offer tunable physicochemical properties and effective metal-leaching performance for WPCB recycling.</p>","PeriodicalId":545,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal controls of soil Pb distribution and ecological risk in the Qorveh mining region, Western Iran.","authors":"Mahin Saedpanah, Bubak Souri","doi":"10.1007/s10661-026-16074-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-026-16074-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To investigate the spatiotemporal variability of lead (Pb) in mining environments, 100 topsoil samples were collected from different locations across a semi-arid mining district in western Iran over a 4-month monitoring period, with sampling conducted at different sites in each month. Key explanatory variables, namely, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (SOC), zirconium (Zr), and elevation and slope as topographic attributes alongside normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), were integrated into the Geographic and Temporal Weighted Regression (GTWR) framework. Pb was selected because of its strong association with mining activities, high environmental persistence, and ecological significance. The effectiveness of the GTWR model was evaluated and compared with Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) and Temporally Weighted Regression (TWR) using multiple statistical evaluation metrics and model-fitting criteria. In addition, the ecological implications of Pb contamination were assessed using the risk quotient (RQ) index. The evaluation metrics demonstrated the superiority of GTWR (R² = 0.79) over the other models. The results indicate that Pb distribution was influenced by geological, geochemical, and biological factors, with Zr showing a predominantly spatially positive association, EC exhibiting spatially variable effects, and NDVI and pH showing relatively stable temporal associations with Pb. Furthermore, RQ values exceeded the ecological threshold throughout the study area, indicating widespread potential ecological risk. Integrating GTWR with ecological risk assessment provides a useful framework for characterizing heterogeneous Pb patterns and supporting the identification of priority areas for environmental monitoring and risk management in mining-affected landscapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"198 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149222973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing surface ozone concentrations in Wuhan: an interpretable machine learning analysis.","authors":"Dong-Yang Yang, Su-Ying Chai, Ji-Xiong Wang, Jiu-Yuan Yu, Zeng-Zeng Yu, Yan Cao, Yi-Yao Wen, Fang Bai, Wei-Hua Zhao, Wei-Jie Guo","doi":"10.1007/s10661-026-16066-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-026-16066-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ground-level ozone (O₃) has become a major challenge for air quality improvement in China, but its short-term variability is controlled by complex interactions among pollutant persistence, precursor conditions, and meteorological factors. In this study, hourly air quality observations and ERA5 reanalysis meteorological data for an urban monitoring site in Wuhan during 2019-2025 were integrated to evaluate O₃ temporal variability and interpretable machine learning prediction. Three models, namely, deep neural network (DNN), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), were compared using baseline and lag-enhanced feature sets, and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) were used to interpret predictive contributions. O₃ remained at relatively high levels during 2019-2025, with exceedances of the national grade II standard in 2019, 2023, and 2024, while most primary pollutants generally declined. O₃ exhibited a unimodal diurnal cycle with afternoon peaks at 14:00-16:00 and a seasonal pattern of summer > spring > autumn > winter. The enhanced XGBoost model achieved the best short-term prediction performance, with R² = 0.9756 and RMSE = 6.35 μg m^-3 on the test set. SHAP analysis showed that the 1-h lagged O₃ concentration was the dominant predictor, indicating strong short-term persistence rather than independent chemical forcing. NO₂ and lagged NO₂ showed negative predictive contributions, consistent with the expected role of NO titration under high-NOₓ conditions, whereas temperature and radiation-related variables showed positive contributions. These results suggest that interpretable machine learning can help identify the statistical conditions associated with O₃ variability, but the absence of direct VOC observations means that O₃ sensitivity and VOC-related control implications should be further verified using VOC measurements or chemical transport/observation-based modeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"198 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149223053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microglia in Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorders: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Emerging Concepts of Microglial Heterogeneity","authors":"Han Wang,&nbsp;Xinyi Wang,&nbsp;Qijie Ai,&nbsp;Daqing Pei","doi":"10.1007/s11064-026-04926-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11064-026-04926-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) comprise a spectrum of cognitive disturbances after anesthesia and surgery, affecting learning, memory, and executive function. Although systemic inflammation, surgical trauma, anesthetic exposure, and patient vulnerability have been implicated in PND, the mechanisms linking perioperative stress to persistent cognitive changes remain incompletely understood. Microglia, as resident immune cells of the central nervous system, are important regulators of neuroimmune interactions and may contribute to PND through alterations in inflammatory signaling, synaptic regulation, vascular function, metabolism, and epigenetic programs. In this Overview, we summarize current evidence regarding microglial involvement in PND across five interconnected domains: neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier dysfunction, microglia–neuron communication, mitochondrial and metabolic regulation, and epigenetic remodeling. We further discuss emerging single-cell transcriptomic and multi-omic studies indicating that microglial responses are heterogeneous, dynamic, and context dependent rather than adequately described by the traditional M1/M2 framework. We propose that PND involves complex interactions among peripheral immune activation, neurovascular dysfunction, microglial state transitions, and neuronal vulnerability. Finally, we highlight current challenges in translating microglial mechanisms into clinical applications and discuss future directions for identifying biomarkers and developing context-specific perioperative neuroprotective strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":719,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Research","volume":"51 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149219464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulating the WNK1-SPAK/OSR1-KCC2 Pathway: Acupuncture’s Therapeutic Potential in Mitigating Muscle Hypertonia in Ischemic Stroke Rats","authors":"Tian-Yi Sun,&nbsp;Liang-Xiao Ma,&nbsp;Wen-Xu Zhang,&nbsp;Si-Biao Lu,&nbsp;Jing-Yun Xiu,&nbsp;Meng-Yu Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11064-026-04927-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11064-026-04927-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the therapeutic effects of acupuncture on post-stroke muscle hypertonia (PSMH) in rats, focusing on the WNK1-SPAK/OSR1-KCC2 pathway to elucidate its underlying mechanisms and support clinical translation. Behavioral, electrophysiological, TTC staining, AChE staining, and transmission electron microscope analyses were used to assess the efficacy of acupuncture. RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence were used to evaluate the expression of the medullary WNK1-SPAK/OSR1-KCC2 pathway. Pharmacological modulation using WNK463 and Gabazine suggested the involvement of WNK kinase activity. Acupuncture reduced neurological deficits and spasticity, enhanced motor recovery, suppressed spinal motor neuron hyperexcitability, and ameliorated neuromuscular dysfunction and muscular structural abnormality. Mechanistically, it downregulated WNK1, SPAK, and OSR1 and increased membrane KCC2 expression in the medulla oblongata. WNK463 partially mimicked acupuncture’s effects, while Gabazine partially reversed them. Acupuncture alleviates muscle hypertonia and enhances locomotor recovery in rats with PSMH, potentially by inhibiting the medullary WNK1-SPAK/OSR1 pathway and thereby upregulating KCC2 expression and membrane localization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":719,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Research","volume":"51 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149219429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spinorphin Attenuates Acute Experimental Seizures and Associated Neurochemical Alterations: Possible Involvement of Opioid Receptors","authors":"Ibrahim Ethem Torun,&nbsp;Yasemin Baranoglu Kilinc,&nbsp;Erkan Kilinc,&nbsp;Seyit Ankarali","doi":"10.1007/s11064-026-04923-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11064-026-04923-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spinorphin, an endogenous enkephalinase inhibitor, enhances physiological opioid signaling by preventing the degradation of endogenous enkephalins, however, its anticonvulsant potential has not previously been investigated. This study evaluated the effects of spinorphin on seizure activity and associated neurochemical alterations in two complementary acute experimental seizure models. The effects of spinorphin on seizure activity were investigated in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)- and penicillin-induced acute seizure rat models. Behavioral seizure parameters, passive avoidance memory, electrocorticographic activity, cortical and hippocampal glutamate, GABA, c-Fos, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated. Nalmefene was used to determine the contribution of opioid receptor signaling. Spinorphin significantly attenuated behavioral seizures, reduced cortical epileptiform spike frequency, and improved passive avoidance retention performance. It attenuated PTZ-induced alterations in cortical and hippocampal glutamate and GABA concentrations and reduced tissue levels of c-Fos and CGRP, together with changes in inflammatory and oxidative stress-related biomarkers in both the cortex and hippocampus. These effects were substantially attenuated by nalmefene, suggesting a possible contribution of endogenous opioid signaling, although the incomplete reversal indicates that additional opioid-independent mechanisms may also be involved. Spinorphin attenuates seizure activity and associated biochemical alterations in experimental seizure models. By enhancing the regional availability of endogenous enkephalins rather than directly activating opioid receptors, spinorphin may exert its anticonvulsant effects partly through endogenous opioid signaling, while additional opioid-independent mechanisms may also contribute. These findings provide a basis for further investigation of enkephalinase inhibition in experimental seizure models.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":719,"journal":{"name":"Neurochemical Research","volume":"51 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149219430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}