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{"title":"Subcritical regimes in Poisson Boolean percolation on Ahlfors regular spaces","authors":"Yutaka Takeuchi","doi":"10.1007/s10955-025-03504-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10955-025-03504-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We study the Poisson Boolean percolation model on Ahlfors regular metric measure spaces, extending fundamental results from the Euclidean spaces to more general geometric settings. Ahlfors regular space is a metric measure space that has a polynomial growth rate of metric balls. Our main result establishes that for s-Ahlfors regular spaces, the model exhibits a subcritical regime (no infinite clusters for small intensities) if and only if the radius distribution has a finite s-th moment, generalizing Gouéré’s result for the Euclidean spaces. We prove both directions: when an s-th moment is finite, we show that subcritical behavior exists using geometric properties of Ahlfors regular spaces, particularly the doubling property and the uniform perfectness. Conversely, when an s-th moment diverges, we demonstrate that infinite clusters occur almost surely for any positive intensity. The key technical innovation lies in handling the geometric challenges absent in Euclidean spaces, such as potentially empty annuli between concentric balls. We overcome this using uniform perfectness, which guarantees nonempty annuli under sufficient expansion, combined with doubling properties to control covering numbers. Our results apply broadly to Riemannian manifolds with nonnegative Ricci curvature, ultrametric spaces, unbounded Sierpinski gaskets, and snowflake constructions of Ahlfors regular spaces.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Statistical Physics","volume":"192 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of landslide susceptibility based on Bayes-optimized RUSBoost model—taking the three Gorges Reservoir area as an example","authors":"Runze Wu,&nbsp;Dehui Li,&nbsp;Hongbo Mei,&nbsp;Zhenhua Li,&nbsp;Xudong Hu,&nbsp;Weibing Qin","doi":"10.1007/s10064-025-04436-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10064-025-04436-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Landslide susceptibility assessment serves as a key measure for government institutions to develop strategies for preventing and mitigating landslide hazards. Landslide susceptibility maps are usually prepared using landslide models to distinguish the possible occurrence of landslides. Constructing landslide models for susceptibility assessment and improving the reliability of results is necessary. However, due to landslides being a minority class in real-world scenarios, the number of landslide samples is much fewer than non-landslide samples, leading to a significant imbalance in sample classes. Sample class imbalance may reduce the accuracy and reliability of landslide susceptibility assessments, which is a common issue in susceptibility assessment modeling. In this paper, a novel model named RUSBoost is proposed for solving the issue of sample class imbalance in landslide susceptibility modelling. Furthermore, Bayesian optimization is employed to enhance the performance of the RUSBoost model. The proposed method is verified by taking the Three Gorges Reservoir area as an example. To compare the performance of different models when confronting the issue of sample class imbalance, decision tree (auc = 0.752), random forest (auc = 0.813), RUSBoost (auc = 0.828) and Bayes-RUSBoost (auc = 0.845) were used in experiments. In addition to ROC, Bayes-RUSBoost also demonstrates the best performance on model evaluation metrics focusing on the positive class (landslide), with precision (0.889), recall (0.804) and F1 score (0.844). Results indicate that the RUSBoost model, after Bayes optimization, achieved promising performance in landslide susceptibility assessment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":500,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment","volume":"84 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CSF2RA promotes gastric cancer progression through activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway","authors":"Mengjie Li,&nbsp;Qing Cao,&nbsp;Xuzhong Ding,&nbsp;Anning Liu,&nbsp;Yu Xu,&nbsp;Kang Gu,&nbsp;Yin Peng,&nbsp;Peng Li","doi":"10.1007/s10735-025-10588-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10735-025-10588-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pseudoautosomal regions (PARs), located at the ends of sex chromosomes, harbor genes that may play a role in tumor pathology by regulating cell proliferation and the immune microenvironment. Gastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent and molecularly heterogeneous malignancy of the digestive system. However, studies on the role of PARs-related genes in GC are limited. This study focuses on the PARs gene CSF2RA and its regulatory role in GC progression through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Differentially expressed PARs-related genes associated with GC were identified using multi-omics datasets(including TCGA-STAD and four GEO cohorts). Functional enrichment, immune infiltration, and drug sensitivity analyses, combined with in vitro (using MKN45 and AGS cell lines) and in vivo experiments, were conducted to validate the role of CSF2RA in GC. Additionally, RT-qPCR, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and co-immunoprecipitation assays were performed to investigate the interaction between CSF2RA and JAK2 and their activation of downstream signaling pathways. CSF2RA was found to be highly expressed in GC and associated with poor prognosis. It was significantly enriched in the JAK/STAT signaling pathway and closely related to immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, CSF2RA promoted GC cell proliferation and metastasis by activating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. The JAK inhibitor Ruxolitinib effectively reversed the tumor-promoting effects of CSF2RA and demonstrated significant inhibitory effects in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. This study is the first to reveal the tumor-promoting mechanism of CSF2RA in GC, demonstrating its role in facilitating tumor progression via the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. The potential therapeutic value of Ruxolitinib was validated in both cell-based and xenograft tumor models. Future research should further explore the upstream regulatory mechanisms of CSF2RA and its dynamic role in the immune microenvironment to advance precision treatment strategies for GC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Histology","volume":"56 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal control fields for efficient quantum memory in cold atoms via EIT","authors":"Poonam Yadav,&nbsp;Arnab Ghosh,&nbsp;Inderpreet Kaur,&nbsp;Suranita Kanjilal,&nbsp;Bodhaditya Santra","doi":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-01056-0","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjd/s10053-025-01056-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quantum memory is an indispensable component for enabling reliable long-distance quantum communication through quantum repeaters. In this work, we present a theoretical study of quantum memory based on electromagnetically induced transparency in a cold ensemble of Cesium atoms. We analyze the quantum memory performance by examining its dependence on the control field Rabi frequency (<span>(varOmega _c)</span>) and the atomic optical depth (D). Our results show that high storage efficiency can be achieved at larger values of both <span>(varOmega _c)</span> and D. Furthermore, we calculate the group velocity of slow light and investigate the decoherence rate in the hyperfine ground states used as storage levels. Notably, the decoherence rate decreases as <span>(varOmega _c)</span> increases and eventually saturates. These findings offer useful insights into optimizing EIT-based quantum memory and advancing practical implementations of quantum communication networks.</p>","PeriodicalId":789,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal D","volume":"79 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Time Analysis of a Pair of On-lattice and Continuous Run-and-tumble Particles with Jamming Interactions","authors":"Arnaud Guillin,&nbsp;Leo Hahn,&nbsp;Manon Michel","doi":"10.1007/s10955-025-03485-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10955-025-03485-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Run-and-Tumble Particles (RTPs) are a key model of active matter. They are characterized by alternating phases of linear travel and random direction reshuffling. By this dynamic behavior, they break time reversibility and energy conservation at the microscopic level. It leads to complex out-of-equilibrium phenomena such as collective motion, pattern formation, and motility-induced phase separation (MIPS). In this work, we study two fundamental dynamical models of a pair of RTPs with jamming interactions and provide a rigorous link between their discrete- and continuous-space descriptions. We demonstrate that as the lattice spacing vanishes, the discrete models converge to a continuous RTP model on the torus, described by a Piecewise Deterministic Markov Process (PDMP). This establishes that the invariant measures of the discrete models converge to that of the continuous model, which reveals finite mass at jamming configurations and exponential decay away from them. This indicates effective attraction, which is consistent with MIPS. Furthermore, we quantitatively explore the convergence towards the invariant measure. Such convergence study is critical for understanding and characterizing how MIPS emerges over time. Because RTP systems are non-reversible, usual methods may fail or are limited to qualitative results. Instead, we adopt a coupling approach to obtain more accurate, non-asymptotic bounds on mixing times. The findings thus provide deeper theoretical insights into the mixing times of these RTP systems, revealing the presence of both persistent and diffusive regimes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Statistical Physics","volume":"192 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluctuations of local plastic strain in granular media","authors":"I. Awada,&nbsp;M. Bornert,&nbsp;V. Langlois,&nbsp;J. Léopoldès","doi":"10.1140/epje/s10189-025-00515-1","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epje/s10189-025-00515-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We experimentally study the heterogeneity of strain in a granular medium subjected to oscillatory shear in a rotating drum. Two complementary methods are used. The first method relies on optical imaging and grain tracking, allowing us to compute some components of the strain tensor and their variance. The second method, diffuse acoustic wave spectroscopy (DAWS), provides the quadratic strain within the bulk. Our results show that strain is spatially heterogeneous, with fluctuations about ten times larger than the mean, primarily dominated by variability at the grain scale. We then analyze in detail the strain fluctuations occurring during the forward and backward branches of the shear stress cycles, along with the intracycle plastic strain resulting from each cycle. Both methods reveal that each shear cycle consists of two consecutive diffusive-like branches, and that the resulting plastic strain fluctuations scale with the mean plastic shear strain. We propose that plastic strain fluctuations result from irreversible strain heterogeneity that increases with applied shear—reflected in forward–backward strain anticorrelations—but is constrained by load-controlled induced memory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":790,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal E","volume":"48 8-9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CircSHPRH inhibits malignancy progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway","authors":"Fei Zhang,&nbsp;Liu Chen,&nbsp;Chuanxin Duan,&nbsp;Yingnan Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s10142-025-01677-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10142-025-01677-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) stands as a significant global health concern, marked by its substantial impact on both morbidity and mortality rates. Although previous studies have suggested that circular RNAs (circRNAs) may influence HNSCC progression, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, we first used quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to measure the expression levels of circSHPRH in HNSCC tissues and cell lines. Subsequently, we assessed its impact on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis using CCK-8 assays, colony formation assays, wound healing assays, Transwell assays, and flow cytometry. Additionally, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which circSHPRH exerts its effects, focusing on the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway. In vivo experiments were conducted using a xenograft tumor model in nude mice to validate the tumor-suppressive effects of circSHPRH.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Our results demonstrated a significant downregulation of circSHPRH in HNSCC tissues and cell lines compared to their normal counterparts. Overexpression of circSHPRH in HNSCC cells led to a marked reduction in cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while promoting apoptosis. Mechanistically, we found circSHPRH exerts its tumor-suppressive effects by suppressing the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. This finding was corroborated by in vivo experiments in nude mice, where an upregulation of circSHPRH led to a reduction in tumor growth in HNSCC.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>CircSHPRH may play a pivotal role in attenuating the growth and metastasis of HNSCC, both at the cellular level and in animal models, by disrupting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling axis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":574,"journal":{"name":"Functional & Integrative Genomics","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and tuning of the morphological, structural, and dielectric features of PVA/SnO2-SiC ternary nanocomposites for multifunctional nanoelectronics applications","authors":"Ali Hussein Kareem,&nbsp;Majeed Ali Habeeb","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06790-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06790-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this study is to improve the dielectric characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), tin dioxide (SnO₂), as well as silicon carbide (SiC) in order to facilitate the functionality of electronics nanodevices and flexible pressure sensors. The nanocomposites PVA/SnO₂-SiC were prepared by casting with varied concentrations of (SnO₂-SiC) nanoparticles (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8) wt.%. The structure and dielectric characteristics of PVA/SnO₂-SiC nanostructures were explored. The optical microscopy images showed that network paths that act as charge carriers are formed inside the polymeric matrix with increasing concentrations of nanoparticles. The outcomes of the SEM measurement indicated that the surface morphology was uniform and well-distributed. X-ray analysis shows that the (SnO₂-SiC) nanoparticles increase in the polymeric specimens, and the semi-crystalline ratio rises. The electrical properties of PVA/SnO₂-SiC films revealed that the dielectric (constant and loss) increases with increasing nanoparticle concentrations and decreases when the frequency of the applied electric field increases. In contrast, the A.C electrical conductivity increases by increasing the frequency and concentrations of (SnO₂-SiC). Finally, the structural and dielectric properties show that the PVA/SnO₂-SiC nanocomposite films can be employed in various flexible nanoelectronics applications with low cost, high-energy storage and low loss. The pressure sensor results of PVA/SnO₂-SiC nanostructures showed that their electrical capacitance (Cp) grows as applied pressure rises. As a result, pressure sensors have a higher sensitivity. Based on these findings, it is believed that PVA/SnO₂-SiC nanocomposites may provide new insight into their potential application in energy storage systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FGF5 alleviates ferroptosis in renal tubular epithelial cells by inducing mitophagy under in vitro ischemia–reperfusion-like injury","authors":"Dongxu lin,&nbsp;Tianen Wu,&nbsp;Hongyuan Huang,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Hong","doi":"10.1007/s10735-025-10594-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10735-025-10594-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Renal ischemic disease represents a severe clinical pathological condition commonly observed in acute kidney injury (AKI), renal transplantation, and kidney surgery. It leads to renal tubular epithelial cell damage, inflammatory responses, and cell death, potentially progressing to chronic kidney disease (CKD) or even renal failure, significantly impairing patients' quality of life and survival rates. Current therapeutic strategies for renal ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) include pharmacological interventions, cell therapy, and gene therapy, yet their efficacy remains limited and may be accompanied by adverse effects. Thus, there is an urgent need to explore novel therapeutic targets and strategies. Fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5), a key member of the FGF family, plays crucial roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and tissue repair. However, its specific mechanism in renal IRI remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of FGF5 on renal IRI and its underlying molecular mechanisms in vitro. Using normal rat kidney-52E (NRK-52E) and human kidney-2 (HK-2 cell) models, we evaluated the impact of FGF5 on cell viability, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and renal cell death. Our findings demonstrate that FGF5 exhibits significant biological activity and further reveal its regulatory role in suppressing ferroptosis through activation of the Mitophagy. In conclusion, this study identifies FGF5 as a potential therapeutic agent for renal IRI and provides a theoretical foundation for developing FGF5-based treatment strategies. These findings hold substantial scientific and clinical value, potentially opening new avenues for treating renal ischemic diseases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":650,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Histology","volume":"56 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the mixing behavior of direct injected hydrogen in high-pressure environments by Rayleigh scattering","authors":"Max Peters,&nbsp;Noud Maes,&nbsp;Nico Dam,&nbsp;Jeroen van Oijen","doi":"10.1007/s00340-025-08549-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00340-025-08549-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the framework of the Argon Power Cycle, millisecond-pulsed hydrogen gas injections into a high-pressure, room temperature nitrogen or argon ambient are investigated. Instantaneous Rayleigh scattering is used to quantify the hydrogen mole fraction in the ensuing jets. A readily available HDEV injector with a straight 0.55-mm orifice and an inward-moving needle controls the mass flow into the constant-volume setup in accordance with (compressible) choked flow theory. The linear dependence of the Rayleigh signal on the number density is experimentally validated and the validity for the assumed constant number density throughout the mixing jet is presented. The evolution of mole fraction is presented for both nitrogen and argon ambient gases, and pressure ratios of 2.5 and 10. Quasi-steady behavior is shown in both axial and radial direction, while self-similar behavior is already observed 3 mm from the nozzle (<span>(x/d_textrm{e} = 5.5)</span>).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":474,"journal":{"name":"Applied Physics B","volume":"131 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00340-025-08549-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}