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{"title":"Deciphering the microbiome potential and metabolic profiling of animal waste co-composting reveals the co-occurrence network of non-microbial and microbial biostimulants to strengthen conservative practices in sustainable agriculture","authors":"Argha Chakraborty, M. K. Saroja, Sourav Garai, Sukamal Sarkar, Aiswarya Bhattacharjee, Kalyan Roy, Sanchayeeta Misra, Rupak Goswami, Sudipta Tripathi, Natesan Ravisankar, Gautam Chatterjee","doi":"10.1186/s40538-025-00765-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40538-025-00765-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>India has a rich history of agriculture with its vast biodiversity niches and traditional soil conservation practices. More recently, there have been growing molecular insights into crop-soil management practices and their niche microbial consortia and underlying services. However, harnessing traditional innovations to conserve and promote niche-specific microbiome management in agriculture has not been explored in detail. In an earlier report, we anticipated that the oldest documented microbial technology, <i>Kunapajala</i>, has the indigenous microbiome potential that reinforces its unifying cyclical operation interlinked with agro-waste recycling and valorization to eco-friendly food production. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the molecular signatures of the microbiome–metabolite potential in this traditional liquid manure.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Our results showed that fish- and livestock waste-derived <i>Kunapajala</i> are dynamic sources of plant-available macronutrients, plant growth regulators, and other bio-active compounds over 90 days of incubation. Besides estimation of microbial loads and dynamics in culture-based assays, whole genome metagenome (WGMG) sequencing data confirmed that bacteria, primarily <i>Firmicutes</i> and <i>Proteobacteria</i>, constitute the dominant kingdom (> 95% of total reads), with over 30% microbial abundance as potential plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), notably representing <i>Clostridium</i>, <i>Corynebacterium</i>, and <i>Bacillus</i>, in 30-day fermented products. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database further identifies the predominance of enzymatic regulations in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism (> 20%), reflecting high organic matter turnover into different hydrolysates and metabolites in <i>Kunapajala</i>. To further support and validate, liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC–QTOF-MS) based metabolite screening elucidates their potential roles in plant growth promotion and stress adaptation. We also investigate the plant biostimulant potential of <i>Kunapajala</i> and further establish its function as an organic fertilizer in a controlled pot-based assay in red amaranth. Overall, our microbiome–metabolite data highlight the dynamic co-occurrence of non-microbial and microbial biostimulants to redefine its niche compositional network and potential roles in sustainable agriculture.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study presents the first comprehensive microbiomes and metabolite profiling of <i>Kunapajala</i>, which could further advance and inform strategies for customized optimization of microbial consortia in agroecosystem functioning. Overall, employing metagenomic approaches to harnessing traditional organic amendments brings new molecular insights to strengthen conservative practices in sustainable agriculture.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><","PeriodicalId":512,"journal":{"name":"Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://chembioagro.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40538-025-00765-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Membership-dependent and line integral Lyapunov functionals for event-triggered T–S fuzzy observer design","authors":"R. Elavarasi,&nbsp;B. Adhira,&nbsp;G. Nagamani,&nbsp;A. Meyer-baese","doi":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06165-8","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-06165-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper addresses the problem of asymptotic stability analysis of the Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy system with an event-triggered observer-based control design. To analyze the stability of the constructed delayed observer-based T–S fuzzy error system, two different Lyapunov-Krasovskii functionals (LKFs) techniques are employed namely membership-dependent LKF and fuzzy line integral LKF. Based on these LKFs, two different sets of sufficient conditions ensuring the asymptotic stability of the T–S fuzzy system are obtained in the context of linear matrix inequalities. Further, the numerical examples are provided to validate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method. Additionally, the efficiency of the considered LKFs is examined.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":792,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal Plus","volume":"140 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic efficiency of La₂SrFe₂TiO₉ perovskite in advanced water purification systems","authors":"Aaqib Rashid,&nbsp;Showket Ahmad Bhat,&nbsp;Gulzar Ahmad Lone,&nbsp;Muntha Majeed,&nbsp;Shaista Yousuf,&nbsp;Ubaida Jan,&nbsp;Mohd Ikram","doi":"10.1007/s10854-025-14595-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-025-14595-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Perovskite oxides can effectively eliminate organic contaminants present in wastewater via photocatalytic degradation. In this work, we reported first time the photocatalytic degradation of the methyl blue dye using La₂SrFe₂TiO₉ as the catalyst. The sample was prepared by using the standard solid-state reaction route method, and the sample phase purity and crystalline structure were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD). From the XRD, we found that the material possesses an orthorhombic structure with phase group Pnma. We have seen that the material possesses good photocatalytic activity. We have observed that the material shows sound photocatalytic degradation almost 96% degradation of Methylene blue dye, which is reported for the first time for the triple perovskite oxide. Further, we have also observed that the present samples show excellent cyclic stability, which is important for their potential applications in wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"36 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of water quality and occurrence of multidrug-resistant clinically relevant bacteria in drinking water in the twin cities of Pakistan","authors":"Nudrat Nadeem,&nbsp;Muhammad Nadeem,&nbsp;Nazish Bostan,&nbsp;Sadia Sattar,&nbsp;Roger Simm,&nbsp;Sundus Javed","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-13989-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-13989-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water filtration plants are a main source of drinking water for local populations in almost all big cities of Pakistan but these filtration plants are ineffective in eliminating contaminants from water. This study was conducted to evaluate water quality with specific focus on physicochemical parameters and bacterial contamination including occurrence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in drinking water collected from filtration plants (<i>N</i> = 64) of the twin cities of Pakistan. Physicochemical parameters were analyzed following American Public Health Association standard guidelines and total coliform count was determined using membrane filtration method. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated and characterized in terms of species and antibiotic susceptibility. Elevated levels of total dissolved solids, nitrates, total coliforms, lead and copper were found in several samples. Multivariate correlation coefficient revealed significant positive correlation between nitrate levels and total coliform count in bacteriologically contaminated samples. Antibiotic resistance patterns revealed multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant bacteria with high resistance against third generation cephalosporins. Our results highlight the urgent need for improved water filtration processes and regular monitoring to provide safe drinking water to the local community.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10661-025-13989-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of physical properties of novel perovskite FrJCl3 (J = Be, Mg) materials: DFT predictions for photovoltaic applications","authors":"Shoukat Hussain,&nbsp;Abhinav Kumar,&nbsp;Soumaya Gouadria,&nbsp;Jayanti Makasana,&nbsp;Suhas Ballal,&nbsp;Karthikeyan Jayabalan,&nbsp;Premananda Pradhan,&nbsp;Bhavik Jain,&nbsp;Tushar Aggarwal,&nbsp;Jalil Ur Rehman","doi":"10.1007/s10854-025-14720-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-025-14720-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Perovskites have attracted a lot of interest due to their potential use in solar cells and alternative forms of energy. This study uses Density Functional Theory based Generalized Gradient Approximations and Perdew Burke Ernzerhof (GGA-PBE) simulations to examine the thermodynamic, optoelectronic, and physical aspects of FrJCl₃ (J = Be, Mg). The tolerance factor (T_f = 1.17, 1.04), formation energy (H_f = − 3.397, − 3.511) eV/atoms, cohesive energy (CE = − 3.397, − 3.511) eV/atoms, and Born-stability (C_ij &gt; 0) criteria ascertained by examining the elastic constants were used to examine the stability of the substances. According to calculations, the substances’ bandgaps E_g are 1.71 and 3.81 eV which confirm the semiconductor nature. Various optical factors are used to describe the origin of optical nature. At 12.20 eV and 12.31 eV, respectively, the determined values of the conductivity FrJCl₃ (J = Be, Mg) that produce the best results are 6.36 1/fs and 5.82 1/fs. For FrJCl₃ (J = Be, Mg), the highest values of α (ω) are 347,255.23 cm⁻¹ (14.12 eV) and 367,402.37 cm⁻¹ (14.41 eV), accordingly. The possibility of optoelectronic devices is increased when the absorption spectra change from the visible to the ultraviolet (UV) range. The compounds’ thermodynamic characteristics make them suitable for possible application in the production of thermoelectric devices. The thermodynamic stability is indicated by the predicted negative (-ve) values and the decreasing tendency of the energy at temperature (0.0–1000.0) K and pressure 0.0 GPa. Current materials are suited for energy-harvesting gadgets such as photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"36 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New constraints on tectonic inversion–based Orogeny of Western Kopet-dagh (NE of Iran)","authors":"Rezvaneh Hamidi,&nbsp;Hojjat Ollah Safari,&nbsp;Arash Amini","doi":"10.1007/s12517-025-12253-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12517-025-12253-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the orogen types in the intra-continental tectonic settings is pop-up structures with bi-vergent thrust tectonics. In this research, the western part of the Kopet-dagh Orogen, as the southern boundary of the Turan Plate, is selected as a case study for investigation on tectonic development and deformation patterns, using surface–subsurface structural studies together with complementary remote sensing and GIS environmental capability as a multi-disciplinary approach. The results of this research determined two sets of faults, consisting of (a) first-stage longitudinal reverse faults with a structural trend of N90–100 to N50–70 (Tangrah, Takal-Kuh, Marave-Tappe, and Golijeh faults), and (b) transversal right-hand strike-slip faults with a trend of N130–150 (Kalaleh, Ughcheh, and Sarighamish faults). These two sets of faults formed the structural framework of this zone and played an important role in the tectonic evolution (initiation, shaping, evolution of sedimentary basins, and forming a fold-thrust belt) of this orogen. A change in the mechanism of the first-stage longitudinal faults, as tectonic inversion, at the onset of the Late Alpine Orogeny caused the re-arrangement of P-axes and thus formed bi-vergent reverse faulting in the northern and southern edges of this zone. Subsequently, fault propagation folds were established due to this event. Finally, an extensive V-shaped compressional pop-up structure with bi-vergent thrusting and fold axial surfaces (as fault-related folds) was formed in the Kopet-dagh fold-thrust belt. Also, the mechanism of the second-stage transversal faults changed to right-hand strike-slip faults with some normal components at the onset of the Late Alpine Orogeny. The normal component of these faults (especially the Kalaleh fault) caused the settlement of the western part of this zone along them and formed the Gorgan-Gonbad plain.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":476,"journal":{"name":"Arabian Journal of Geosciences","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.827,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-dimensional confined topological modes in all dielectric guided mode resonance structure through surface features","authors":"Swathy Ramachandra,&nbsp;Maclean Paul Menezes,&nbsp;Vamsi Krishna Tumuluru,&nbsp;Raghavendra G. Kulkarni,&nbsp;Rajat K. Sinha,&nbsp;Kaustav Bhowmick","doi":"10.1007/s11082-025-08166-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11082-025-08166-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Guided mode resonance</i> (GMR) structures offer simplicity and have spectral resonance capabilities such as narrowband resonance, high Q-factor, whereas topological surface features offer spatial light control. In this paper, we explore the integration of the GMR structures with topological photonics to achieve extreme two-dimensional (2D) spatial confinement of light. With this integration, we propose a novel design that leverages discontinuous surface features (crosscut) to excite <i>Jackiw—Rebbi</i> (JR) solution, which describes relationship between Dirac equation and topological insulators. Finite element modelling, considering various structural and material parameters, demonstrate a 40% improvement in light confinement compared to benchmark GMR structures, with a calculated <i>full width half maximum (FWHM)</i> of the confined optical mode measured to be approximately ~ 18 ± 3 nm. This FWHM value represent the spatial extent of the confined optical field, indicating the achieved field localization in the proposed structures. This significant enhancement showcases the potential of our approach for applications demanding ultra- precise spatial resolution. Furthermore, tolerance studies reveal good robustness to variations in the dimensions of the crosscut and angle of polarization, ensuring practical feasibility. The proposed structure exhibited good tolerance of up to ~  ± 10%. This work paves the way for highly confined 2D light manipulation within all- dielectric platforms, opening exciting avenues for nanophotonic devices and applications requiring light localization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":720,"journal":{"name":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","volume":"57 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On an extended Hamilton principle for electro/magneto-thermo-mechanical materials with dissipative microstructure evolution","authors":"Sebastian Wolf,&nbsp;Philipp Junker","doi":"10.1007/s00161-025-01373-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00161-025-01373-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An important part for material modeling is the consideration of electromagnetic fields. In this paper, we add them to Hamilton’s principle for mechanical and thermal fields. We begin with a brief introduction to the electric and magnetic limit cases, which allows a non-relativistic formulation. After introducing the thermodynamic fundamentals, we present the Hamilton functionals for the limit cases from which we derive our governing system of equations by applying Hamilton’s principle of stationary action. In order to be able to describe the microstructure as well, we also consider general internal variables. After the derivation of the equations for the dominant fields, we show how to obtain the secondary fields. For both limit cases we show an example where the dominant electromagnetic field and the mechanic field are coupled by material properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":525,"journal":{"name":"Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00161-025-01373-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat-resistant adhesion performance of acrylic latex PSAs using reactive surfactants and a novel methacrylate with ethylene-urea heterocyclic group","authors":"Maoling Deng,&nbsp;Gang Wei,&nbsp;Wei Rao,&nbsp;Xianyao Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10965-025-04375-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10965-025-04375-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Most acrylate latex pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) possess very low shear strength under high temperature environment and will leave a large amount of adhesive residue on the surface of the adherend when they are peeled off. To improve its heat-resistant adhesion performance, reactive anionic/nonionic surfactants SL- 900/ER- 10 and a novel ethylene-urea ethyl methacrylate (UMA) monomer were utilized to prepare a series of acrylate latexes via seeded semi-continuous emulsion polymerization containing butyl acrylate, methacrylate, acrylic acid and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate. The results showed that the particle size and its distribution of latexes prepared with SL- 900/ER- 10 were smaller and narrower compared to SDS/O- 10, respectively. The introduction of UMA monomer made the latex particle size and its distribution become larger. It was also found that gel content, glass transition temperature (T_g) and thermal stability of the PSA film were all increased with the using of reactive surfactants and UMA monomer. Besides, water contact angle of the latex film increased gradually when fully reactive surfactants were employed, while decreased with the increment in UMA content. Furthermore, the latex film with fully reactive surfactants exhibited obvious improvement on initial tack and shear strength at room temperature, while a slight decrease in peel strength. Especially, when UMA content was 4wt%, the temperature of PSAs film leaving no residue after 2 h treatment increased to 160℃. The shear strength at 150 °C increased significantly and a balanced adhesion performance among initial tack, peel strength, and shear strength at high temperature was obtained by fully using reactive surfactants and UMA monomer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":658,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Polymer Research","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Matter creation, adiabaticity and phantom behavior","authors":"Víctor H. Cárdenas,&nbsp;Samuel Lepe","doi":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14154-5","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14154-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present a novel cosmological framework that unifies matter creation dynamics with thermodynamic principles. Starting with a single-component fluid characterized by a constant equation of state parameter, <span>(omega )</span>, we introduce a generalized second law of thermodynamics by considering the entropy associated with the cosmic horizon. Imposing an adiabatic expansion condition uniquely determines the particle creation rate, <span>(Gamma )</span>, a feature unprecedented in previous matter creation models. This mechanism yields a cosmology featuring phantom-like expansion while relying solely on a single constituent, which can be either a quintessence-like fluid or a non-exotic, non-relativistic dark matter component. Remarkably, this framework avoids the need to introduce an exotic negative pressure component while providing a consistent explanation for the accelerated expansion of the universe. Our results open new pathways for understanding the interplay between horizon thermodynamics, particle creation, and cosmic evolution, offering fresh insights into the nature of dark energy and its potential thermodynamic origins.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":788,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal C","volume":"85 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjc/s10052-025-14154-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}