{"title":"Synergistic contextual information and individual sample as mean training approach: paddy stubble burning mapping","authors":"Anamika Palavesam Sarathamani, Anil Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s10661-025-14052-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10661-025-14052-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Paddy stubble burning is a prevalent agricultural practice in India, particularly after paddy cultivation, making the country the second-largest contributor to crop residue burning (CBR) globally, releasing approximately 84 Tg/year of aerosols and pollutants, significantly exacerbating air quality and public health crises. This study aimed to enhance the identification of paddy stubble-burning activity at the field level by integrating the contextual possibilistic <i>c</i>-means (PCM-S) model and individual sample as mean (ISM) training approach. By analysing spectral and temporal data from PlanetScope and Sentinel-2, the study optimized the classification of burnt paddy fields. The contextual PCM-S model, which incorporates neighbouring pixel effects, was combined with the ISM training approach, which preserves individual sample characteristics during the training process. This integration, along with pre-burnt and post-burnt temporal data, effectively addressed noisy pixels and field heterogeneity caused by varying harvesting techniques. Moreover, it helped prevent the recurrence of burnt fields in subsequent observations and facilitated the identification of fields that were burned and immediately ploughed. The key findings demonstrated that among 155.42 sq. km of paddy fields in the vicinity of Patiala, 27.07 sq. km were burnt across ten mapped dates, constituting 83.99% of the total burning events mapped across 13 dates of harvested paddy fields. The results showed good accuracies and validation, with minimal intra-class mean membership difference (MMD), indicating negligible variability within the same class (almost 0), higher inter-class MMD, representing a clear distinction between classes (nearly 1), negligible variance (approximately 0.0001), minimal entropy (about 0.05), and a statistical <i>F</i>-score exceeding 0.9. These findings underscore the significant occurrence of paddy stubble burning, despite efforts to manage paddy crop residue, underscoring the urgent need for immediate measures to mitigate future occurrences.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":544,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Monitoring and Assessment","volume":"197 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sex Hormone-Related Pathogenic Genes in Multiple Sclerosis: A Multi-omics Mendelian Randomization Study","authors":"Jiting Qiu, Yuwen Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12031-025-02347-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12031-025-02347-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease with complex etiologies, including genetic factors. Sex hormones have been implicated in MS pathogenesis, but the underlying genetic mechanisms remain unclear.This study employed a multi-omics Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to evaluate the causal associations between sex hormone-related genes and MS. We utilized summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and blood-based methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTLs), expression QTL (eQTLs), and proteomic QTL (pQTLs). The analysis employed the summary data-based MR (SMR) method and the HEIDI test for pleiotropy. Colocalization analysis identified shared genetic determinants, validated in UK Biobank and FinnGen R10 cohort. Our study identified a total of 30 mQTLs and 15 eQTLs that confirmed the causal associations between sex hormone-related genes and MS by SMR and colocalization analyses. Notably, the methylation site cg19286687 of the <i>DES</i> gene was positively associated with MS risk. Similarly, <i>DES</i> expression was positively associated with MS risk in eQTL data. Integration of mQTL and eQTL data revealed a positive regulatory association between cg19286687 and <i>DES</i> expression, suggesting that low methylation level of cg19286687 may inhibit <i>DES</i> expression, potentially contributing to MS risk reduction. This multi-omics MR study suggests a potential causal association between sex hormone-related genes and MS. The findings highlight the importance of <i>DES</i> and its methylation the pathogenesis of MS, offering new ideas on disease mechanisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":652,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Molecular Neuroscience","volume":"75 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bioaerosols in Various Working and Living Environments and Their Control Measure: A Review","authors":"Ke Lu, Jiali Zhang, Zhe Li, Yanpeng Li","doi":"10.1007/s40726-025-00354-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40726-025-00354-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose of Review</h3><p>This review aims to reveal the pollution characteristics of bioaerosols across various working and living environments and evaluate existing control technologies. This will help enhance public awareness of bioaerosol pollution and the available control methods, and promote the diversity, efficiency, and operability of these technologies.</p><h3>Recent Findings</h3><p>Bioaerosols exhibit varying concentrations and community distributions across different environments due to diverse emission sources and environmental factors. Exposure to airborne pathogens poses health hazards, highlighting necessity for efficient antimicrobial techniques. While various technologies exhibit effective bactericidal capabilities, they also encounter numerous limitations in practical applications.</p><h3>Summary</h3><p>It is crucial to establish microbial risk assessment methods and develop efficient and low-cost control measures across various fields to create safe and healthy environments. This work lays the foundation for future research on bioaerosol pollution and control technologies, offering valuable insights for bioaerosol management and the protection of public health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":528,"journal":{"name":"Current Pollution Reports","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayman M. Mostafa, M. Abdel-baki, M. A. Azooz, A. M. Fayad, Asmaa E. Farahat, Ashraf K. Eessaa
{"title":"Optical and Structural Properties of Samarium-Doped Oxyfluoroborate Glasses for Optoelectronic Applications","authors":"Ayman M. Mostafa, M. Abdel-baki, M. A. Azooz, A. M. Fayad, Asmaa E. Farahat, Ashraf K. Eessaa","doi":"10.1007/s13538-025-01777-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s13538-025-01777-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A series of new oxyflouroborate glass systems with the composition 75B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-5Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-(5-x) Li<sub>2</sub>O-15MgF<sub>2</sub> embedded with samarium ions with different molar ratios are prepared and studied their optical properties based on vibrational, transitional, and photoluminescence characteristics to be applicable in optoelectronic applications. The gain results show that as the amounts of Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-embedding of oxyflouroborate glass increase, the absorption coefficient decreases with increasing wavelength up to a certain wavelength, which affects the energy band gap directly and indirectly, the network's polarizability and the skin depth. The skin effect may affect the optical energy band gap of any glass structure based on the VB to CB transition, affecting the ionicity of oxygens and the interatomic distance due to the charges on the oxygen anion in borate glasses made of Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Li<sub>2</sub>O. Thus, it indicates ionic bond formation and a significant shift in polarizability, molar refractivity, steepness parameter, metallization, optical electronegativity, electron polarizability, and optical basicity. Besides, the 0.4 mol% Sm<sup>3+</sup>-embedded glass sample has the highest emission intensity, related to the non-bridging oxygen involved in Sm<sup>3+</sup> incorporation into host glasses. Also, the glass samples showed that Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> concentration increased the two absorption bands at 700 cm<sup>−1</sup>, related to the bond-bending vibrational mode of bridging oxygen atoms, and to some extent, the shifting of bands could not follow any trend with the continuous addition of samarium oxide. These results promise to know the influence of inserting Sm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> on the borate glass structure, as the junction point determines the optical band edge for up-conversion laser and photonic applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":499,"journal":{"name":"Brazilian Journal of Physics","volume":"55 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Minjoo Han, Seong-Ah Shin, Huiji Kim, Mi-Jeong Ahn, Chang Sup Lee
{"title":"Anti-cancer effects of wistin on malignant melanoma cells","authors":"Minjoo Han, Seong-Ah Shin, Huiji Kim, Mi-Jeong Ahn, Chang Sup Lee","doi":"10.1186/s13765-025-00991-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13765-025-00991-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Malignant melanoma (MM) is a severe skin cancer that arises from melanocytes, primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Although MM occurs less frequently than other skin cancers, its metastasis is easily activated, leading to a high mortality rate. MM incidence is gradually rising, necessitating the development of effective treatment strategies. Phytochemicals derived from plants are well recognized for their biological functions, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities. However, the anticancer activity of wistin, an isoflavone, in MM remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of wistin on MM by elucidating its underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, wistin significantly inhibited the cell viability and proliferation of B16 F10 melanoma cells. In addition, wistin induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and suppressed cell migration and invasion in B16 F10 cells. Moreover, our findings revealed that wistin downregulates phospho-ERK and p38. Overall, our results indicate that wistin exerts its anticancer effects by inhibiting the extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Therefore, wistin could be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of MM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":467,"journal":{"name":"Applied Biological Chemistry","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13765-025-00991-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Crop rotation and the impact on soil carbon in the U.S. Corn Belt","authors":"Yining Wu, Eric C. Davis, Brent L. Sohngen","doi":"10.1186/s13021-025-00293-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13021-025-00293-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soils are receiving increasing attention as carbon sinks that can reduce atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>. While common Best Management Practices (BMP), such as cover crops, reduced or minimum tillage, and advanced nutrient management, have been considered as alternatives to build soil carbon storage in managed crop fields, crop-species choices have often been overlooked. This paper uses the Rapid Carbon Assessment (RaCA) data from U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), to examine how the rotation of two of the most widely used crops in the U.S., corn and soybeans, influences Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) stocks. We show that at the depths of 0 to 100 cm, corn is correlated with a higher level of SOC stocks than soybeans, and the more years that corn is cultivated the higher the SOC stocks. Specifically, an additional year of corn planted every 3 years is estimated to increase SOC stocks at depths of 0 to 100 cm by 25.1%. Based on our analysis, were all the land in the U.S. states of Ohio, Indiana, Iowa, and Illinois that are currently either mono-cropped with soybeans or follow some sort of soybean-corn rotation converted to corn mono-cropping, the estimated gain in SOC would be 896.7 million Mg C (1 Megagram = 1 ton). This represents a theoretical upper limit for SOC improvements. If current rotational practices were shifted such that corn was planted in 2 of every 3 years in the same region, the theoretical increase in SOC stocks is estimated to be 172.9 million Mg C. Multiplying this result by a Social Cost of Carbon priced at $678/t C in 2020 U.S. dollars (Rennert et al. in Nature 610:687–692, 2022), the total benefits are estimated at $117 billion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":505,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Balance and Management","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://cbmjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13021-025-00293-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nano ConvergencePub Date : 2025-04-26DOI: 10.1186/s40580-025-00487-0
Hansol Lim, Jae-Hyeon Lee, So-Hyeon Park, Jun-Hyuck Lee, Hyesu Jang, Seong-Bin Yang, Minho Seo, Seokwoo Lee, Jooho Park
{"title":"Tumor-specific biochemical nanoconversion of self-assembled peptide-conjugated paclitaxel-docetaxel-based nanoparticles","authors":"Hansol Lim, Jae-Hyeon Lee, So-Hyeon Park, Jun-Hyuck Lee, Hyesu Jang, Seong-Bin Yang, Minho Seo, Seokwoo Lee, Jooho Park","doi":"10.1186/s40580-025-00487-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40580-025-00487-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Docetaxel (DTX, <b>1</b>) and paclitaxel (PTX, <b>2</b>) are famous cytotoxic agents widely used in cancer therapy, however, their low specificity for tumor cells often results in severe systemic toxicity. Beyond conventional prodrug strategies, this study introduces a novel nanoconversion technology that chemically modifies DTX to form self-assembled nanoparticles (NPs), which subsequently convert into a paclitaxel-mimicking molecule (PTXm, <b>3</b>). Hydrophilic acetylated Phe-Arg-Arg-Phe peptide ((Ac)FRRF, <b>4</b>) and hydrophobic docetaxel were conjugated to prepare self-assembled (Ac)FRRF-DTX NPs. The selective cleavage of the Arg-Phe bond by cathepsin B, which is abundant in cancer cells, facilitated the nanoconversion of PTXm (<b>3</b>) from (Ac)FRRF-DTX NPs, demonstrating effective cytotoxic effects. Utilizing the cleavage site of peptide and specific sequences (ex. Arg-Arg-Phe), this approach does not simply act as a prodrug but allows the nanomaterial to transform into another cytotoxic biomolecule within tumors. (Ac)FRRF-DTX NPs exhibited remarkable physicochemical properties, superior anti-cancer efficacy, and low toxicity, showcasing an innovative conversion in peptide-conjugated nanomedicine. Unlike traditional prodrug chemistry, this tumor-specific nanoconversion process involves the biochemical transformation of DTX (<b>1</b>) into PTXm (<b>3</b>) via enzymatic action. Overall, this study provides an outstanding example of chemical drug molecular modification through the concept of nanoconversion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":712,"journal":{"name":"Nano Convergence","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://nanoconvergencejournal.springeropen.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s40580-025-00487-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biswajit Jena, Dinesh Prajapati, Vishnu Shankar Rai, Harish Verma, Shail Upadhyay, N. B. Singh, Anup Kumar, D. Tiwary, K. D. Mandal
{"title":"Investigation of dielectric and electrical properties of tungsten doped Bi2/3Cu3Ti4O12 ceramics","authors":"Biswajit Jena, Dinesh Prajapati, Vishnu Shankar Rai, Harish Verma, Shail Upadhyay, N. B. Singh, Anup Kumar, D. Tiwary, K. D. Mandal","doi":"10.1007/s10854-025-14766-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-025-14766-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Enhancing dielectric materials is crucial to the progress of energy storage technology. This work addresses the impacts of tungsten (W) substitution on the dielectric, electrical characteristics, and microstructure of ceramics called Bi<sub>2/3</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>4</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (BCTO). The W-doped BCTO ceramics were fabricated employing a semi-wet method and sintered for eight hours at 1173 K. The synthesized Bi<sub>2/3</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>4-x</sub>W<sub>x</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20) labelled as BCTWO ceramics' phase development with minor secondary phase was validated by X-ray diffraction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was utilized to figure out the oxidation states of the elements, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis was employed to verify phase purity. The addition of a modest amount of W dopant decreased the grain size of BCTWO ceramics, most likely as a result of greater oxygen vacancy production during sintering, as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) pictures. The surface texture was investigated by employing an atomic force microscope (AFM). The BCTO ceramic doped with tungsten (W) revealed an average grain size of 2.18 µm, which was greater than the un-doped BCTO ceramic. This could result in a higher dielectric constant (<i>ɛ</i>ʹ) and loss tangent (tan <i>δ</i>) in Bi<sub>2/3</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>Ti<sub>4-x</sub>W<sub>x</sub>O<sub>12</sub>(<i>x</i> = 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) ceramics. The BCTWO ceramic with higher dopant concentration was found to have a relatively high loss tangent (tan <i>δ</i> ~ 2.58 at 303 K and 1 kHz) and a high dielectric permittivity (<i>ε</i>ʹ ~ 7.8 × 10<sup>3</sup>).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"36 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. García-Carvajal, V. Ruíz-Santoyo, Y. Fernández-Arteaga, J. C. Carrillo-Sendejas, José-Luis Maldonado, M. C. Arenas-Arrocena
{"title":"Synthesis and application of tungsten trioxide nanostructures by doping the active layer of PM6:Y7-based solar cells","authors":"S. García-Carvajal, V. Ruíz-Santoyo, Y. Fernández-Arteaga, J. C. Carrillo-Sendejas, José-Luis Maldonado, M. C. Arenas-Arrocena","doi":"10.1007/s10854-025-14798-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10854-025-14798-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Different hydrothermal syntheses of tungsten trioxide (WO<sub>3</sub>) were used to modify the reaction conditions to achieve morphologies, sizes, and optoelectronic properties suitable for application in organic solar cells (OSCs). The nanostructures showed variations in their size and morphology, as confirmed by TEM. A band-gap modulation was attributed to the temperature and reaction time synthesis parameters. The nanostructures obtained at 180 °C for 4 h were highlighted due to their size range of 14–20 nm and a band-gap energy of about 2.7 eV; these nanostructures were incorporated in the active layer of OSCs based on PM6:Y7 at the concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2% by volume. The average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells was 9.8% (with the best device reaching a PCE of 9.8%) at a 0.5% concentration, while the average PCE for control (without WO<sub>3</sub>) solar cells was 9.0% (with the best device reaching a PCE of 9.2%), reflecting a 8.9% increase for the doped OSCs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":646,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics","volume":"36 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10854-025-14798-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesca Bonfante, Giuseppe Ferrara, Pedro Humbert, Davide Garufi, Jean-Marc Tulliani, Paola Palmero
{"title":"Direct aqueous carbonation of electric arc furnace slag: process optimisation through experimental design","authors":"Francesca Bonfante, Giuseppe Ferrara, Pedro Humbert, Davide Garufi, Jean-Marc Tulliani, Paola Palmero","doi":"10.1617/s11527-025-02661-6","DOIUrl":"10.1617/s11527-025-02661-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>At present, one of the strategies to reduce the embodied carbon of cement is to partly replace clinker with metallurgical slags. In this perspective, this study investigates the accelerated aqueous carbonation of electric arc furnace slag as possible treatment for its reuse in the cement industry. In view of developing a low-energy and industrially integrated process, mild carbonation conditions were selected: ambient pressure, low liquid-to-solid ratio, minimised temperature (between 20 °C and 60 °C) and short duration time (ranging from 20 to 60 min). To optimise the carbonation process, a design of experiments was developed. The Response Surface Methodology showed a non-representative trend along time. Therefore, a non-linear model was adopted for a better prediction of CO<sub>2</sub> content above 50 min. The results were satisfactory with an optimum CO<sub>2</sub> uptake of 7.7% and the carbonation degree obtained, 30.2%, was the highest registered in previous literature for open systems. Moreover, a literature analysis on previous aqueous and wet direct carbonation of Electric Arc Furnace slag was carried out using Principal Component analysis. This exploratory data analysis identified the most effective carbonation parameters based on the reactor type and suggested the investigation of further parameters such as liquid-to-solid ratio and CO<sub>2</sub> flow rate and partial pressure, maintaining the perspective of a sustainable process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":691,"journal":{"name":"Materials and Structures","volume":"58 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1617/s11527-025-02661-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}