Geophysical Prospecting最新文献

{"title":"A Novel Training Strategy for the Interpolation of Consecutively Missing Case","authors":"Xinyang Wang,&nbsp;Jun Ma,&nbsp;Xintong Dong,&nbsp;Hongzhou Wang","doi":"10.1111/1365-2478.70271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.70271","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Self-supervised learning (SSL) reduces the dependence on labelled training data by exploiting the structure of unlabelled data. However, since SSL struggles with capturing high-level semantic information for complex tasks, it faces some difficulties in dealing with challenging tasks such as consecutively missing traces and weak signal recovery under strong noise. Although supervised learning can address these challenges, it demands high-quality training sets, which are often unavailable. To achieve a good balance between the performance and reliance on the training set, we propose a pseudo-self-supervision training strategy-based (PSL-based) by introducing the idea of SSL into the classical supervised framework and using the three-dimensional (3D) consecutive missing reconstruction to test its effectiveness. For incomplete seismic volumes, limited complete regions (sharing extremely similar properties as missing sections) can serve as some training data, yet they are typically too scarce to fulfil the requirements for effective training. Thus, we propose a 3D diffusion model for data augmentation and use the augmented data to construct paired training sets for network training. Since the proposed strategy still trains the network by learning the intrinsic features of the data themselves, we refer to it as the ‘PSL strategy’. Experimental results on both prestack and poststack field datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed PSL-based training strategy compared with SSL-based and supervised training strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12793,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Prospecting","volume":"74 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Five-Dimensional Seismic Data Reconstruction via Coordinate-Guided Transformer","authors":"Yang Xiang,&nbsp;Qi Liu,&nbsp;Jianwei Ma","doi":"10.1111/1365-2478.70264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.70264","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Irregular acquisition geometries in field seismic surveys lead to non-uniform spatial sampling, which introduces spatial aliasing, reduces spectral utilization and degrades the accuracy of subsequent wavefield reconstruction and imaging. Seismic data regularization aims to resample such irregularly acquired data onto a uniform grid, serving as a critical preprocessing step. In this study, we propose an unsupervised deep learning framework for five-dimensional (5D) seismic data regularized reconstruction that integrates implicit neural representation with a Transformer backbone and short-time Fourier transform based time–frequency feature learning. The seismic wavefield is parameterized as a continuous mapping from four-dimensional (4D) spatial coordinates to amplitudes. A novel 4D positional encoding scheme, extending sinusoidal Transformers to shot and receiver coordinates, is designed to enhance the representation of high-dimensional spatial structures. The Transformer architecture captures global long-range dependencies through self-attention, while the model predicts the real and imaginary components of the time–frequency spectrum, from which waveforms are reconstructed via the inverse short-time Fourier transform (ISTFT), thereby improving spectral recovery and amplitude-phase consistency. Experiments on synthetic data demonstrate that the proposed method achieves lower normalized root-mean-square errors and superior reconstruction of reflection structures, spectra and detailed waveform features compared with projection onto convex sets, damped rank reduction, robust damped rank reduction, and a baseline implicit neural representation approach. Field 5D data experiments further confirm the method's effectiveness in recovering amplitude, phase and azimuthally anisotropic characteristics on regular grids, with only a small incremental ISTFT cost for the tested workload. The proposed framework enables high-accuracy, self-supervised reconstruction of 5D seismic data under irregular sampling conditions without requiring labelled training data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12793,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Prospecting","volume":"74 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to ‘Near Offset Reconstruction for Marine Seismic Data Using a Convolutional Neural Network’","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/1365-2478.70266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.70266","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Huff, O.R., Thorkildsen, V.S., Greiner, T.L., Lie, J.E., Evensen, A.K., Bugge, A.J. et al. (2024) <i>Near offset reconstruction for marine seismic data using a convolutional neural network</i>. <i>Geophysical Prospecting</i>, 72, 2164–2185. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.13505</p><p>In Figure 12, the scaling factor applied to the CNN-predicted zero-offset section in Figure 12c and its spectrum in Figure 12f was incorrectly reported as 1.2 instead of 1.3. Accordingly, in Figure 12c, the label ‘1.2× amplitude’ should read: ‘1.3× amplitude’, and in Figure 12f, the label ‘CNN prediction (1.2×)’ should read: ‘CNN prediction (1.3×)’. In the caption of Figure 12, the text ‘(note that the amplitude is scaled by 1.2)’ and ‘The CNN prediction is scaled by 1.2’ should read: ‘(note that the amplitude is scaled by 1.3)’ and ‘The CNN prediction is scaled by 1.3’, respectively. The corrected Figure 12 and caption are provided below.</p><p>In addition, the corresponding text in the ‘Field Data Results’ section should be corrected as follows:</p><p>In the ‘Source-over-cable acquisition data (Barents Sea)’ subsection, the text ‘we scale the output of the CNN prediction by 1.2’ in paragraph 3 should read: ‘we scale the output of the CNN prediction by 1.3’, and the text ‘(previously scaled by 1.2 as explained in Figure 12)’ in paragraph 6 should read: ‘(previously scaled by 1.3 as explained in Figure 12)’.</p><p>In the ‘Conventional data (northern North Sea)’ subsection, the text ‘The CNN-predicted near offsets are not scaled by 1.2’ in paragraph 3 should read: ‘The CNN-predicted near offsets are not scaled by 1.3’, and the text ‘note the 1.2 scaling that was necessary to best match the spectra’ in paragraph 4 should read: ‘note the 1.3 scaling that was necessary to best match the spectra’.</p><p>We apologize for these errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12793,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Prospecting","volume":"74 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1365-2478.70266","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149145890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prestack Diffraction Separation Using the Schrödinger Equation-Based Adaptive Transformation","authors":"Jie Yang,&nbsp;Suping Peng,&nbsp;Peng Lin,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Cui,&nbsp;Tongjie Sheng","doi":"10.1111/1365-2478.70269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.70269","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Small-scale subsurface geological discontinuities, such as caves and fractures, can provide storage space for oil and gas. High-resolution imaging of these small-scale geological discontinuities is important for the development of oil and gas reservoirs. These small-scale subsurface discontinuous geological features are manifested as diffracted waves. Diffraction imaging can clearly delineate the spatial distribution of small-scale structures. However, high-energy reflections always mask diffractions. An essential prerequisite for diffraction imaging is the removal of strong reflection interference from seismic data. We propose a prestack diffraction separation method based on a Schrödinger equation–based adaptive transform. To extract diffractions from shot gathers, we first apply a normal moveout (NMO) operator to enhance the kinematic differences between diffracted and reflected waves. Subsequently, we apply an adaptive transformation method constructed within a quantum mechanical framework based on the Schrödinger equation. Unlike fixed-basis transforms, this method employs data-adaptive wave functions to characterize seismic data, enabling a more effective capture of the amplitude and frequency characteristics of both diffracted and reflected waves in NMO-corrected shot gathers. Different wave functions, such as those representing the diffracted and reflected components, correspond to distinct components in the data. We reconstructed the reflections using the wave functions corresponding to the reflected components. Through the subtraction of reconstructed reflections from the shot gathers, the diffraction patterns were isolated. The proposed diffraction separation workflow based on the Schrödinger equation–based adaptive transform can effectively extract weak diffractions from seismic data, laying the foundation for subsequent high-resolution diffraction imaging. Synthetic data tests validated that the method can effectively detect 5-m karst caves and faults with the same throw. Nankai dataset applications show the capability of the separation workflow to successfully extract fracture-related diffractions under complex geological conditions, thereby facilitating the detailed characterization of geological features such as fractures.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12793,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Prospecting","volume":"74 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149145896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating Anisotropic Parameters in Vertically Transversely Isotropic Media Using Long-Offset Traveltime Approximations","authors":"Xingguo Huang,&nbsp;Wenqing Shang,&nbsp;Yaguang Liu,&nbsp;Hongliang Zhang,&nbsp;Ziying Wang","doi":"10.1111/1365-2478.70270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.70270","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Accurate estimation of anisotropic parameters in vertically transversely isotropic media is essential for reliable velocity modelling and seismic imaging in modern seismic exploration. However, long-offset seismic data often exhibit pronounced nonhyperbolic moveout, which leads to strong coupling between background velocity and anisotropic parameters and reduces the stability of conventional estimation approaches. To address this issue, we implemented a user-guided sequential parameter-estimation workflow within the framework of the classical two-step parameter-decoupling strategy. Specifically, a high-accuracy traveltime operator designed for long-offset data is employed in place of conventional low-order or fourth-order nonhyperbolic moveout approximations and is integrated with a semi-automatic moveout-flattening and parameter-selection procedure. Once the target reflection event, zero-offset time, offset windows, vertical P-wave velocity and candidate parameter ranges are specified, an objective-function-based grid search is used to select the optimal moveout parameters from the corrected reflection events. The resulting estimates of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>V</mi>\u0000 <mi>NMO</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <annotation>${{V}_{{mathrm{NMO}}}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mi>η</mi>\u0000 <annotation>$eta $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> are subsequently used to recover the Thomsen anisotropic parameters <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mi>δ</mi>\u0000 <annotation>$delta $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mi>ε</mi>\u0000 <annotation>$epsilon $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>. Numerical experiments on undulating layered models and applications to marine field reflection data demonstrate that the proposed approach effectively improves the reliability of anisotropic parameter estimation. The results indicate that the method provides an efficient and robust framework for estimating the anisotropic parameters of vertically transversely isotropic media and can offer reliable initial models for velocity model building and anisotropic seismic imaging under complex geological conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12793,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Prospecting","volume":"74 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149145897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anisotropic Dielectric Properties of Fracture-Filling Hydrate Reservoirs in a Transversely Isotropic Background","authors":"Hao Zhang,&nbsp;Pan Wang,&nbsp;Liwei Mu,&nbsp;Yanghu Li,&nbsp;Jin Lai,&nbsp;Tongcheng Han","doi":"10.1111/1365-2478.70267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.70267","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fracture-filling hydrate reservoirs represent a significant proportion of global gas hydrate resources, and dielectric methods have proven to be effective tools for hydrate evaluation in such reservoirs. However, for reservoirs where the host rock exhibits transverse isotropy (TI) and hydrate-bearing fractures are aligned, the anisotropic dielectric properties remain poorly understood, limiting the accurate assessment of hydrate saturation. We develop a theoretical model to address this gap by extending the Maxwell–Garnett mixing rule for aligned inclusions in an isotropic background to a TI background containing aligned penny-shaped fractures, incorporating the Eshelby tensor components for penny-shaped cracks in a TI medium. The model is validated against 3D finite-difference numerical simulations (<i>R</i>² &gt; 0.99). Using this model, we systematically investigate the effects of hydrate distribution (floating vs. bridging), fracture porosity and fracture aspect ratio on the frequency-dependent anisotropic dielectric response. The results show that bridging hydrate causes a stronger reduction in dielectric constant and conductivity than floating hydrate. The effect of fracture porosity is significant at low hydrate saturations but negligible at high saturations. The effect of fracture aspect ratio depends strongly on both saturation and frequency, where at low saturations, decreasing the aspect ratio increases the dielectric constant at low frequencies but increases conductivity at high frequencies, whereas at high saturations, the effect is much weaker. The bridging hydrate consistently exhibits higher sensitivity to both fracture porosity and aspect ratio than the floating hydrate. The results provide a quantitative understanding of the effects of hydrate distribution on the anisotropic dielectric properties of fracture-filling hydrate reservoirs in a TI background, thereby contributing to a more reliable hydrate resource assessment in these complex formations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12793,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Prospecting","volume":"74 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149145818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quasi-Global Search Behaviour of Large-Step Gradient-Based Optimization in Full Waveform Inversion","authors":"Xinru Mu,&nbsp;Omar M. Saad,&nbsp;Shaowen Wang,&nbsp;Tariq Alkhalifah","doi":"10.1111/1365-2478.70265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.70265","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Full waveform inversion (FWI) iteratively updates the velocity model by minimizing the difference between observed and simulated data. However, because FWI typically relies on gradient-based local optimizers, it is prone to cycle skipping when the initial velocity model is inaccurate and low-frequency data are absent. In such cases, the mismatch between simulated and observed data can exceed half a wavelength, causing the optimization to converge to local minima. Inspired by optimization strategies in machine learning, we employ gradient-based optimizers with relatively large step lengths, beyond the traditional local optimization limit, to promote a quasi-global search behaviour. This strategy allows the inversion to first approach the global minimum in the shallow subsurface, where the problem is more linear and convex, while deeper updates behave more like a global search. As iterations proceed, the improved shallow model gradually facilitates convergence at greater depths. Synthetic and field data experiments demonstrate that this approach can still produce accurate velocity models even in the presence of significant cycle skipping, highlighting an important property of the FWI loss topology related to the propagation of information from shallow to deep.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12793,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Prospecting","volume":"74 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Experimental Design to Measure Second- and Third-Order Anisotropic Rock-Stiffness Coefficients Using a Single-Rock Sample","authors":"Gabriel Gallardo-Giozza,&nbsp;Domenico Crisafulli,&nbsp;D. Nicolás Espinoza,&nbsp;Carlos Torres-Verdín","doi":"10.1111/1365-2478.70261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.70261","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;We developed a new experimental setup for measuring and modelling stress-induced anisotropy and nonlinearity in cylindrical rock samples. Multidirectional ultrasonic velocity measurements were conducted under laboratory conditions and during triaxial-stress testing to capture dynamic rock properties. This is done by placing endcap transducers (ECTs) and small-piezoelectric transducers (SPT) distributed axially and azimuthally along the sample. To validate the method, we used aluminium and phenolic samples under ambient conditions. Measurements were acquired from ECT–ECT, SPT–SPT and ECT–SPT combinations. The SPT–SPT combination increases the number of azimuthal sensors to eight at a single level. The ECT–SPT is evaluated as a new possible transducer combination to evaluate waveform propagation along the sample axis. After validation, triaxial-stress testing was performed on Berea Sandstone and Mancos Shale core samples, using only ECT–ECT and SPT–SPT measurements. Each core sample was subject to isotropic and triaxial compression stress paths. During the triaxial-stress testing on Berea Sandstone and Mancos Shale, we measured P- and S-wave velocities along the sample axis (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;msubsup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;v&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;P&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;ph&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;90&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msubsup&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$v_{{{P}_{{mathrm{ph}}}}}^{90}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;msubsup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;v&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;S&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;ph&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msubsup&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$v_{{{S}_{{mathrm{ph}}}}}^0$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;msubsup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;v&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;S&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;ph&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;90&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msubsup&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$v_{{{S}_{{mathrm{ph}}}}}^{90}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) and Tsvankin's anisotropy parameters &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;ε&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;${{varepsilon }^{( 1 )}}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;ε&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":12793,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Prospecting","volume":"74 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1365-2478.70261","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Modelling Analysis of Borehole Electromagnetic Methods for Imaging Serpentinized Zones During Stimulated Geological Hydrogen Production","authors":"Evan Schankee Um,&nbsp;David Alumbaugh,&nbsp;Mengli Zhang,&nbsp;Joseph Capriotti,&nbsp;Noah Perkovich,&nbsp;Yaoguo Li","doi":"10.1111/1365-2478.70263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.70263","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The exploration and stimulation of geological hydrogen within ultramafic rocks represent an emerging frontier in energy resources. Stimulating hydrogen production involves injecting water and catalysts to accelerate serpentinization, a mineral alteration process that significantly reduces the electrical resistivity of the host rock often by several orders of magnitudes while altering other geophysical properties. Monitoring the spatial and temporal evolution of these serpentinized zones is essential for optimizing fluid flow, tracking fracture propagation and maximizing hydrogen yields. In this study, we numerically evaluate the feasibility of two inductive borehole electromagnetic (EM) techniques, specifically cross-well and borehole-to-surface EM configurations utilizing magnetic sources and receivers, for imaging the electrical resistivity changes associated with induced serpentinization. We construct time-lapse subsurface electrical resistivity models representing varying degrees of serpentinization over time within a crystalline basement overlain by a conductive sedimentary cover. We simulate forward responses and perform inversions to assess the resolving power of each EM method. Our numerical inversion results demonstrate that cross-well EM methods, operating at a high source frequency of 10,000 Hz, provide comprehensive tomographic coverage and accurately image the geometry and resistivity of the 20–30 m thick serpentinized zones even during the early stages of stimulation. In contrast, the borehole-to-surface EM approach requires lower source frequencies of 1000 Hz to ensure the EM energy penetrates the conductive overburden, which makes it less sensitive to thin, early-stage serpentinized zones. However, as the stimulated zone expands to 60–80 m in thickness over time, the borehole-to-surface EM method successfully delineates the broader serpentinized volume. We conclude that cross-well EM monitoring is the preferred high-resolution tool when multiple wells are available, whereas borehole-to-surface EM monitoring remains a practical alternative in single-well scenarios during advanced stages of stimulation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12793,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Prospecting","volume":"74 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Numerical Study on the Sensitivity of DAS and Geophone Signals to a Thin \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 CO\u0000 2\u0000 \u0000 ${mathrm{CO}}_{2}$\u0000 Plume","authors":"Chengyi Shen,&nbsp;Hélène Barucq,&nbsp;Henri Calandra,&nbsp;Stefano Frambati,&nbsp;Florian Faucher,&nbsp;Estelle Rebel","doi":"10.1111/1365-2478.70260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.70260","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One of the main concerns in <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>CO</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <annotation>${mathrm{CO}}_{2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> monitoring during a CCUS (carbon capture, utilization, and storage) project is the detectability of changes in petrophysical properties induced by the substitution of the initial fluids by <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>CO</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <annotation>${mathrm{CO}}_{2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>. Seismic attributes are thought to have the potential to directly track changes in geophysical properties such as wave velocities. The emerging technology of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS), in addition to traditional sensors such as geophones, is bringing new perspectives in seismic acquisitions and attribute analyses. We study the sensitivity of different seismic attributes, for example, the amplitude, the instantaneous phase and frequency, to a <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>CO</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <annotation>${mathrm{CO}}_{2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> plume with numerical simulations of wave propagation. An efficient viscoelastic wave problem solver featuring the spectral element method and memory variables is built inside the GEOS platform to calculate DAS and geophone responses in the context of a vertical seismic profile (VSP) acquisition. The quantitative comparison between the synthetic VSP records from DAS and geophones without noise shows that the DAS vertical normal strain has a comparable sensitivity to the equivalent geophone vertical velocity. The primary upgoing waves exhibit a particular footprint of the <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>CO</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <annotation>${mathrm{CO}}_{2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> plume. The results also highlight the contribution of PS conversions to the <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>CO</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <annotation>${mathrm{CO}}_{2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> detection. It remains a challenge to reach a high numerical resolution on the S-wave.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12793,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Prospecting","volume":"74 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149068295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}