Earth and Planetary Science Letters最新文献

{"title":"Fluid pressure fluctuations and the seismic signature of a fault-controlled fluid migration pulse","authors":"Ashley Stanton-Yonge ,&nbsp;Almudena Sánchez De La Muela ,&nbsp;Rebecca K. Pearce ,&nbsp;James O.S. Hammond ,&nbsp;Thomas M. Mitchell ,&nbsp;Stephen P. Hicks ,&nbsp;W. Ashley Griffith ,&nbsp;Max Moorkamp ,&nbsp;Philip G. Meredith ,&nbsp;José Cembrano","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119388","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119388","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluids in the crust may build pressure through a variety of mechanisms. This buildup can activate nearby faults, which then serve as conduits for fluid flow and as valves for pressure release. The rapid pressure drop promotes mineral precipitation and fault sealing, allowing the cycle to restart. While evidence of this cyclical interplay between faults and fluids is abundant in exhumed faults, whether these processes can be identified in the seismological record remains unknown. Here, we have detected a complete sequence of fluid pressure build-up, fluid migration through local faults, and pressure release by means of a joint magnetotelluric and seismicity survey in the Southern Andes. We identified intense seismicity along a previously unmapped WNW-striking fault, with seismic swarm activity concentrated at the edge of a low-resistivity crustal zone, interpreted as a fluid reservoir. Hypocenters delineate two fault planes from the reservoir toward higher-resistivity crust. We linked distinct seismicity patterns to each sequence stage: fluid pressure buildup is marked by relatively high <em>b</em>-values (1.2–1.4) and low magnitudes (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>L</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>1.5</mn></math></span>), while fluid migration and pressure release are characterized by a sudden drop in <em>b</em>-values (&lt;1). Our findings capture the seismic signature of a fluid migration pulse along faults, linking active fault-fluid interactions with long-term geological evidence of fluid compartmentalization and cyclical along-fault fluid flow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"662 ","pages":"Article 119388"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarker evidence for arid intervals during the past ∼1,800 years in the central Andean highlands","authors":"Jarunetr N. Sae-Lim ,&nbsp;Bronwen L. Konecky ,&nbsp;Jack A. Hutchings ,&nbsp;Neal Michelutti ,&nbsp;Christopher Grooms ,&nbsp;Mathias Vuille ,&nbsp;Isla S. Castañeda ,&nbsp;John P. Smol","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The late Holocene behavior of the South American Summer Monsoon (SASM) has been a focal point of studies of oxygen isotope ratios in Andean speleothems and other archives, as they primarily reflect large-scale atmospheric circulation over the South American lowlands rather than localized precipitation vs. evaporation. Consequently, the local effective moisture history throughout the Andes has remained poorly constrained. Here we present ∼1800-year plant wax hydrogen (δ²H_wax) and carbon (δ¹³C_wax) isotope records from Lake Chacacocha, southeastern Peru. δ²H_wax and δ¹³C_wax from terrestrial upland and wetland vegetation allow large-scale atmospheric conditions and local-scale effective moisture to be evaluated side-by-side. In agreement with δ¹⁸O-based proxies from the region, Chacacocha δ²H_wax shows that the SASM was strengthened during the Little Ice Age (LIA). However, our record shows that the SASM began this intensification around 1250 CE, well before the external radiative forcings of the LIA, suggesting that long-term shifts in SASM behavior can be catalyzed by internal drivers e.g., teleconnections with the tropical Pacific. Independent of SASM dynamics, Chacacocha δ¹³C_wax reveals two pronounced, centennial to multi-centennial arid intervals between ca. 450-900 CE and ca. 1640-1850 CE – the latter co-occurring with peak SASM intensity. LIA aridity aligns with nearby evidence for reduced net ice accumulation and glacial retreat from the LIA maximum extent around this time, implying that despite enhanced monsoon activity regionally, reduced effective moisture locally affected the glacial mass balance in southern Peru. Our results help reconcile conflicting interpretations of the SASM, glacial, and high-alpine environmental histories in the Central Andes over the past 1,800 years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"662 ","pages":"Article 119407"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volumetric growth of debris flow on erodible bed by basal shear and collision: Theory and observations","authors":"Hongchao Zheng ,&nbsp;Xinli Hu ,&nbsp;Zhenming Shi ,&nbsp;Brian W McArdell ,&nbsp;Tjalling de Haas","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Debris flows surge down slopes as fully shearing and agitated mixtures, which are frequent and destructive mass movement processes. The prime control on debris-flow hazard is flow volume, which can dramatically increase by the erosion and incorporation of bed sediment. However, an erosion theory for debris-flow volume growth regulated by basal shear and particle collision is currently absent. Here, we establish a mechanistic framework that incorporates basal shear stress, collisional stress, and attendant bed pore-fluid pressure (PP) based on the Coulomb criterion. We identify mechanical controls on bed erosion and validate the proposed model against laboratory experiments and field measurements at Illgraben catchment. The results show that shear and collision stresses collectively regulate the erosion process where debris flows interact with wet sediments with elevated bed PP. In contrast, collision stress is solely responsible for the erosion of relatively dry sediment with low PP because basal shear stress is not enough to overcome shear resistance. The bed PP facilitates progressive scour of the sediment through reducing bed resistance for shear traction and increasing penetration depth in the sediment for collision traction. Our theory can improve predictions of flow volume and hazardous impact for debris flows and offer implications for the erosion processes of other dense granular flows including pyroclastic flows and snow avalanches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"662 ","pages":"Article 119404"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143907587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crustal response to heavy snowfalls in Hokkaido, Japan, 2018-2022","authors":"Shuo Zheng ,&nbsp;Kosuke Heki ,&nbsp;Zizhan Zhang ,&nbsp;Haoming Yan ,&nbsp;Xinyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Songyun Wang ,&nbsp;Jianli Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119387","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119387","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lands covered with snow often subside in winter by amounts detectable with modern space geodetic surveys. Such seasonal crustal subsidence would consist of numerous subsidence episodes associated with large and small snowfalls. To verify this, we study crustal subsidence of global navigation satellite system receiving stations associated with four heavy snowfall episodes 2018–2022 in Hokkaido, northern Japan. After removing common mode errors, we have detected step-like subsidence up to ∼2.5 mm of these stations. We also calculated their expected subsidences using the snow depth data from dense meteorological sensors and the load Green’s function. They are consistent with each other when we assume the average snow density of 400 kg/m³. Hence, snow loading signals are basically removable if adequate snow depth data are available. We also show that snow accretion to antenna radomes causes significant false subsidence signals, which can be distinguished by monitoring signal-to-noise ratios of the microwave signals from satellites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"662 ","pages":"Article 119387"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gondwanan continental collision drives gravitational spreading and collapse of the ancestral East Antarctic mountains","authors":"Nathan R. Daczko ,&nbsp;Jacqueline A. Halpin","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Continent-continent collisions develop mature orogenic systems over tens of millions of years, creating a thermally weakened mid-crustal infrastructure layer (15–50 km deep) that flows laterally from the thickened mountain ranges or plateaus. This gravitational spreading or ‘channel flow’ of a partially molten infrastructure layer beneath a rigid superstructure layer occurs during and after mountain building, dispersing high-temperature orogenic crust over length scales of 10²–10³ km into the orogenic foreland. In the Prydz Belt, East Antarctica, heterogeneous high-temperature Ediacaran–Cambrian orogenic crust and magmatic rocks formed during Gondwana amalgamation, but the architecture of the collisional orogen and location of key sutures remains controversial. We propose a new model classifying the orogenic crust into infrastructure and superstructure based on the record of Ediacaran–Cambrian deformation and metamorphism. The superstructure rocks are variably deformed and generally of lower metamorphic grade, overlying high-grade infrastructure rocks rich in former anatectic melts. These orogenic domains are separated by the Grove decoupling horizon shear zone. We suggest the high-grade infrastructure rocks of the Prydz Belt were dispersed from a thickened orogenic core near the ancestral Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains via a mid-crustal channel spreading up to ∼10³ km. Kinematic data from the infrastructure suggest that gravitational spreading was impeded and guided by rigid Archean provinces. The timing and evolution of the orogenic system is interpreted from new and compiled U-Pb-Hf-isotope data from detrital zircon grains most likely sourced from the ancestral mountains. The zircon Hf-isotope record is consistent with ocean closure and continental collision having occurred in the late Neoproterozoic at c. 650–600 Ma. The orogenic system had matured by c. 580 Ma with gravitational spreading peaking at c. 560–500 Ma and waning by c. 490 Ma. Our model is broadly applicable to studies of gravitational spreading in orogenic systems and aims to provide tectonic context for the East Antarctic lithosphere, improving understanding of the timing and location of key sutures in Gondwana amalgamation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"662 ","pages":"Article 119394"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143898970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glacial melting accelerates andean uplift: Insights from 2D viscoelastic-plastic subduction models","authors":"Weian Wang ,&nbsp;Shichao Li ,&nbsp;Hongyu Wei ,&nbsp;Zheren Zhao ,&nbsp;Hongtao Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqi He","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growth of the Andes is attributed to Cenozoic subduction, in which climatic and tectonic processes are considered the primary driving forces. The formation and disappearance of ice ages are major determinants of climate change, which in turn affects mountain-building processes and landscape evolution. However, the extent to which ice age fluctuations influence orogenic and subduction processes remains unclear. In this study, we developed several two-dimensional visco-elastic–plastic subduction models with glacial loading to simulate contemporary changes in mountain uplift due to the melting of surface glaciers. We controlled for factors such as the glacier load height, deglaciation rate, and ice sheet loading location of the load. Our findings indicate that the glacier thickness and the deglaciation rate have the most significant impacts on mountain building processes, with greater loading rates and higher deglaciation rates accelerating the rapid uplift of mountain ranges. We propose that glacial isostatic adjustment is one of the critical factors influencing erosional and depositional processes during glacial periods, thus further controlling subduction and orogenic dynamics in the region. These results complement the understanding of climate contributions to the formation of the Andes and demonstrate the importance of climate‒tectonic interactions in mountain-building processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"662 ","pages":"Article 119386"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial pattern of Asian stalagmite δ18O over the last millennium shaped by monsoon circulation changes","authors":"Zhengyi Xiao ,&nbsp;Wuhui Duan ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Wang ,&nbsp;Lisheng Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaheng Shen ,&nbsp;Ming Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-resolution stalagmite δ¹⁸O records have been used to study variations in the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) over the last millennium. However, the spatial pattern and climatic significance of these records remain unclear. Based on precise ²³⁰Th dating and annual laminae counts, we present a ∼3-year-resolution stalagmite δ¹⁸O record from Xinglong Cave in North China, covering 731–1698 C.E. and 1832–1937 C.E. Empirical orthogonal function analysis was performed on this new record and 17 other coeval stalagmite δ¹⁸O records in the ASM region. The first spatial pattern displays positive loadings primarily in 'India, Southeast Asia, and North China' (INC) and negative loadings in 'South China' (SC). The first principal component negatively correlates with the reconstructed sea surface temperatures (SST) of the eastern equatorial Pacific, North Indian Ocean (NIO), and tropical North Atlantic. During periods of warming SST in these regions, anomalous tropical western North Pacific anticyclone (WNPAC) enriches δ¹⁸O in precipitation and stalagmites over SC by increasing water vapor transport from the South China Sea and western Pacific. Meanwhile, NIO warming and WNPAC increase precipitation in the Indian Peninsula, depleting δ¹⁸O in water vapor and precipitation. This ¹⁸O-depleted water vapor continues to transport into China, affecting δ¹⁸O in precipitation and stalagmites in regions located outside the WNPAC's northwestern flank. Our study suggests circulation anomalies may drive significant spatial differences in stalagmite δ¹⁸O from the ASM region over the last millennium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"662 ","pages":"Article 119382"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New SOCOL:14C-Ex model reveals that the Late-Glacial radiocarbon spike in 12350 BC was caused by the record-strong extreme solar storm","authors":"Kseniia Golubenko ,&nbsp;Ilya Usoskin ,&nbsp;Eugene Rozanov ,&nbsp;Edouard Bard","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Sun rarely produced extreme solar particle events (ESPEs), orders of magnitude stronger than everything directly observed. Their enormous power can greatly distort the production of cosmogenic isotopes, e.g., radiocarbon ¹⁴C, in the terrestrial system, leaving clear signatures in natural terrestrial archives including dateable tree rings. Eight such events were known to occur during the past 12 millennia of the Holocene, with the strongest one being that of 775 AD. Recently, a new and the only ESPE candidate beyond the Holocene has been discovered as the largest known ¹⁴C peak dated to ca. 12350 BC, nearly twice as big as that of 775 AD. However, it could not be analysed earlier due to the lack of appropriate models applicable to glacial climate conditions. We have developed a brand-new state-of-the-art chemistry-climate model SOCOL:14C-Ex to study fast changes in ¹⁴C. It was tested on the well-studied event of 775 AD and applied to the ESPE of 12350 BC. We found that it was stronger by 18±11% than by 775 AD and likely occurred between January – April 12350 BC with the most probable date in early March. This makes the ESPE of 12350 BC the record strongest known event, pushing the bounds of the extreme solar-terrestrial events even further, forming the new worst-case scenario paradigm and providing the global tie point for dendrochronological dating before the Holocene. The newly developed model lifts the existing limitation to the Holocene and extends our ability to analyse radiocarbon data even for glacial climate conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"661 ","pages":"Article 119383"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The global imprint of shale weathering on molybdenum isotope ratios in river waters","authors":"Quentin Charbonnier ,&nbsp;Edward T. Tipper ,&nbsp;Robert G. Hilton ,&nbsp;Corey Archer ,&nbsp;Derek Vance","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The molybdenum (Mo) isotope ratios (δ⁹⁸Mo) of marine sediments can preserve information on the redox state of the past ocean. However, a robust interpretation of marine δ⁹⁸Mo records requires an understanding of the main controls on the δ⁹⁸Mo values of riverine inputs. A growing consensus suggests that secondary mineral formation following rock weathering sets the δ⁹⁸Mo values of the dissolved riverine flux. However, variability in the Mo isotope composition of the weathering lithologies, such as sedimentary rocks, might exert an additional control. Here we assemble a dataset for large rivers spanning a wide range of sulfate abundance as a broad tracer of sulfide oxidation, making paired measurements of river water and solid loads.</div><div>The riverine dissolved and solid Mo isotopes span a range of +0.3 to +1.9 ‰ and -0.1 to +1.4 ‰, respectively. Our results indicate that both source and process control the isotope composition of dissolved riverine Mo. First, the elemental and isotope partitioning of Mo between river dissolved and solid loads is indicative of the impact of the formation of secondary weathering products. Second, the positive relationship between the dissolved and solid Mo isotope signatures implies the variable weathering of an additional heavy Mo isotope source above and beyond silicate. Consistent with this, silicate weathering alone cannot explain the riverine Mo abundances, calling for an additional Mo-rich source. Comparison between riverine dissolved Mo isotopes and potential sulfide oxidation tracers indicates an important control by sulfide weathering on river dissolved Mo isotope signatures. In this view, the pattern of variation of dissolved Mo isotopes across different weathering regimes may be interpreted in terms of the greater supply-limitation control of sulfide versus silicate weathering at the global scale. Overall, these findings indicate that changes in sulfide oxidation rates on the continents could modify the δ⁹⁸Mo of the global average riverine input to the oceans over geological timescales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"661 ","pages":"Article 119368"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143882754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The history of the Tsushima Warm Current since the middle Miocene: Co-evolution with the Kuroshio Current and the Western Pacific Warm Pool","authors":"Yulong Cheng ,&nbsp;Shiming Wan ,&nbsp;Rebecca S. Robinson ,&nbsp;Kenji M. Matsuzaki ,&nbsp;Debo Zhao ,&nbsp;Xingyan Shen ,&nbsp;Lina Zhai ,&nbsp;Yi Tang ,&nbsp;Huiling Liu ,&nbsp;Anchun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP), a vast reservoir of heat and moisture, plays a critical role in global/regional climates. The Kuroshio Current (KC) transports and distributes this heat and moisture from the WPWP to the northern mid-latitudes. Despite the KC’s importance, its long-term evolution and links to the development of the WPWP remain unclear. Here we investigate the history of the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC), a branch of the KC, to constrain the evolution of the KC and WPWP. Diatom assemblages and diatom-based paleo-temperature index from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Sites U1425 and U1430 in the Japan Sea reveal the history of the TWC since ∼15 Ma. The early TWC entered the Japan Sea from ∼12 to 11 Ma, coinciding with the emergence of the proto-KC and WPWP attributed to the gradual constriction of the Indonesian Gateway. Presence of tropical-subtropical diatoms in the Japan Sea from 10 to 7 Ma provides new evidence for TWC's inflow, accompanied by stronger KC. The absence of warm-water diatoms in the Japan Sea from 7 to 4 Ma indicates a cessation of TWC's inflow, accompanied by weaker KC linked to late Miocene global cooling. From 4 to 3 Ma, the repeated inflow of the TWC into the Japan Sea was associated with establishment of the modern KC and modern WPWP, in response to final closure of the Panama Seaway and further restriction of the Indonesian Gateway. From 3 to 2 Ma, the intensity of TWC became weak due to Northern Hemisphere Glaciation, corresponding to weakening of the Kuroshio system and WPWP. Following the Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition, WPWP contracted and TWC periodically flowed into Japan Sea as a result of sea-level related controls on the strength of KC and the relative restriction of Tsushima Strait.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"661 ","pages":"Article 119385"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}