Earth and Planetary Science Letters最新文献

{"title":"Bottom current circulation during the Early Cenozoic in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea","authors":"Bruna T. Pandolpho ,&nbsp;Christian Berndt ,&nbsp;Sverre Planke ,&nbsp;Jan Inge Faleide ,&nbsp;Kasia K. Śliwińska ,&nbsp;Ben Manton ,&nbsp;Jörg Bialas ,&nbsp;Morelia Urlaub","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Opening and closing of ocean gateways, generally controlled by plate tectonics and temporal changes in magmatism, have a profound impact on deep-water ocean circulation and may play a crucial role in global climate changes. The sediment record, in particular the presence of contourites, provides direct palaeoceanographic information that can be used to constrain the deep ocean paleoenvironments. Here, we present new evidence from seismic reflection and borehole data for two major contourite systems that document sustained bottom currents on the northern Vøring Plateau during the Early Eocene and along the western Barents Sea margin in the Oligocene. Our findings imply the presence of deep-water circulation in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea 15 Myr earlier than previously documented, before the opening of the Fram Strait and likely sustained inflow across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge. By compiling the main contourite occurrences and matching them to the tectonic events, seaways, and paleoclimate records within the Norwegian-Greenland Sea we revise its evolution and impact on the current climate, highlighting the temporal correlations between tectonic reorganizations, magmatism, onset of ocean circulation, and glaciations. Our findings suggest that periodic ocean circulation changes during the early Cenozoic were possibly governed by variations in mantle plume activity and magmatism, laying the basis for the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and thereby influencing climate in NW Europe.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"671 ","pages":"Article 119657"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uplift, erosion, and advection within the orogenic wedge of the Northern Apennines (Italy)","authors":"Gabrielle Vance ,&nbsp;Erica D. Erlanger ,&nbsp;Sean D. Willett ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Picotti ,&nbsp;Negar Haghipour ,&nbsp;Yanyan Wang ,&nbsp;Romano Clementucci ,&nbsp;Marcus Christl ,&nbsp;Philip Gautschi","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Northern Apennines are an active orogenic wedge formed by subduction and rollback of the Adriatic slab over the last 30 Ma, with high rates of horizontal tectonic advection of topography from northeast to southwest. The orogen exhibits topographic asymmetry across the main drainage divide: the retrowedge on the Ligurian (generally southwestern) side is steeper than the prowedge on the Adriatic (generally northeastern) side. In this study, we present new catchment-averaged erosion rates and horizontal velocities from major drainage basins in the northwestern Northern Apennines derived from cosmogenic ¹⁰Be concentrations, supplementing published data, in order to quantify the erosional fluxes from the orogen and compare the pattern of modern erosion rates with the topographic asymmetry. Catchment-averaged erosion rates and horizontal velocities increase from west to east throughout the study area; rates on the steeper Ligurian side of the main drainage divide are lower than those on the gentler Adriatic side. We reconcile these data with a kinematic model of slab rollback, where the erosional flux is described as a vector with horizontal and vertical components. The model predicts that the topography and erosion rates can be sustained by horizontal motion that dominates the Ligurian side, while both horizontal motion and vertical uplift are required on the Adriatic side. Our results provide insights into tectonically driven drainage reorganization, where horizontal shortening and topographic advection lead to river capture and drainage divide migration opposite the direction of the horizontal tectonic advection of topography.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"671 ","pages":"Article 119661"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of subduction zone asperities and their seismogenic mechanisms using self-organizing map clustering","authors":"Zhenyu Wang,&nbsp;Qian Zhao,&nbsp;Wuxing Wang,&nbsp;Zhengyang Pan,&nbsp;Kun Yan,&nbsp;Zhigang Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rupture sources of strong earthquakes in subduction zones are generally asperities with spatio-temporal distribution. These asperities, which are patches featured by high stress and strong coupling in the late stage of seismogenic processes, can be identified by methods of multiple disciplines. It is important to comprehensively and uniquely identify asperities from different disciplines. Here we use the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) clustering method, integrating geodetic and seismological products, taking the 2011 <em>M</em>_W 9.1 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake as a case, to recognize the hazard sources and to investigate the seismogenic mechanism in subduction zones. The results show that the identified asperities coincide well with the main rupture zones. By subdividing 10 years before the mainshock into overlapping windows, we find that <em>b</em> value, which undergoes rapid changes after long-term stabilization, is an ideal indicator of asperity’s geometry. A comparative study with the 2014 <em>M</em>_W 8.1 Iquique earthquake indicates that the size of the asperity is mainly influenced by the megathrust curvature. We propose a model to explain the seismogenic behaviours of subduction zones, in which patches can transform between a stick-slip state and a conditionally stable frictional state. This study opens the possibility of identifying asperities and seismogenic mechanisms in subduction zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"671 ","pages":"Article 119672"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon dioxide removal during dissolution of granular basalt: A mass balance test of enhanced rock weathering at the hillslope scale","authors":"Charles J. Cunningham ,&nbsp;Andrew Guertin ,&nbsp;Marine Gelin ,&nbsp;Louis A. Derry ,&nbsp;Hannes H. Bauser ,&nbsp;Minseok Kim ,&nbsp;Jennifer L. Druhan ,&nbsp;Scott Saleska ,&nbsp;Peter A. Troch ,&nbsp;Jon Chorover","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119662","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119662","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enhanced rock weathering (ERW) is proposed as a carbon dioxide removal (CDR) strategy that sequesters carbon through the carbonic acid-promoted dissolution of ground silicate rocks. Studies have explored the efficacy of ERW through geochemical models and bench-scale reactors, but field-scale experimentation is limited. A year-long, replicated study was conducted at the Landscape Evolution Observatory (LEO) at Biosphere 2 to quantify basaltic CDR at the hillslope scale. LEO comprises three mesoscale surfaces (each 330 m²) with 1 m depth of granular basalt. We subjected these structures to three 30 d irrigation events followed by progressively lengthened dry periods. Aqueous discharge was collected bihourly for major and trace chemistry, and subsurface interactions were observed at 15 min intervals through distributed sensors enabling continuous monitoring of <em>P</em>_CO2, volumetric water content, and total hillslope mass. This approach enabled closing of the carbon and water mass balance of the system for the duration of the experiment. CDR was quantified through direct monitoring of bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) concentrations as validated through the charge balance of non-hydrolyzing cations and strong-acid anions. Concentration-discharge relations for HCO₃⁻ showed dilution trends with clockwise hysteresis, while a decrease in CO₂ uptake occurred with increased hillslope water saturation (<em>S_hydro</em>). The CDR rate, normalized to the specific surface area of the basalt, was -13.45 log₁₀ moles C <em>m</em>⁻² s⁻¹, while other studies report CDR rates from -14 to -10 log₁₀ moles <em>m</em>⁻² s⁻¹. We found that basalt CDR rates were impacted by depletions of <em>P</em>_CO2 upon hydrologic infiltration, variable <em>S_hydro</em>, and incongruent dissolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"671 ","pages":"Article 119662"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can spinodal decomposition occur during decompression-induced vesiculation of magma?","authors":"Mizuki Nishiwaki","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Volcanic eruptions are driven by decompression-induced vesiculation of supersaturated volatiles in magma. The initial phase has long been described as a process of nucleation and growth. Recently, it was proposed that spinodal decomposition—an energetically spontaneous phase separation that does not require a distinct interface—may occur during decompression. This idea has attracted attention, but support for it is currently limited to textural observations of experimental products, such as bubble number density independent of decompression rate and bubbles that are uniform in size and homogeneously distributed. In this study, hydrous magma was modeled as a two-component symmetric regular solution of silicate and water, allowing the spinodal curve to be determined from water solubility data coinciding with the binodal curve. In the low-pressure region from the magma chamber to the surface (≲ 300 MPa), the spinodal curve lies at very low pressures (≲ 10 MPa), and all previous laboratory decompression experiments were conducted within the nucleation region. Decompression paths, governed by the competition between decompression and water diffusion in the melt, indicate that spinodal decomposition without nucleation would require continuously very high decompression rates (tens of MPa/s), which are unlikely in natural systems where rates increase nonlinearly from deep to shallow regions. Although this simple model cannot fully capture the complexity of natural systems, the energetic framework provided by equilibrium thermodynamics remains a valid and insightful perspective for understanding magma vesiculation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"671 ","pages":"Article 119655"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"He, Ne, and Ar isotope systematics in Chang’e-5 plagioclase reveal diffusive loss and reirradiation processes","authors":"Xuhang Zhang ,&nbsp;Fei Su ,&nbsp;Guillaume Avice ,&nbsp;David V. Bekaert ,&nbsp;Tomoya Obase ,&nbsp;Yuta Otsuki ,&nbsp;Finlay M. Stuart ,&nbsp;Yingnan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiayan Nie ,&nbsp;Xiaoguang Li ,&nbsp;Runqing Zhou ,&nbsp;Ziheng Liu ,&nbsp;Youjuan Li ,&nbsp;Jiannan Li ,&nbsp;Thomas Smith ,&nbsp;Huaiyu He","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the elemental and isotopic composition of the Sun is key to reconstructing planetary formation, atmospheric evolution and solar activity over time. Noble gases from solar wind implanted into lunar regolith provide a unique archive of solar history, but their interpretation is complicated by implantation uncertainties and secondary processes (e.g., diffusion, regolith gardening, solar and galactic cosmic ray exposure). Here we report the isotopic composition of the noble gases (helium, neon, and argon) in thirty six high-purity plagioclase grains from Chang’e-5 lunar soil to assess the preservation of implanted solar wind in lunar materials. Compared with plagioclase from several Apollo sites, the grains retain a more pristine solar wind record, revealing a dynamic equilibrium between solar wind and cosmic ray irradiation and intense diffusive loss driven by localized heating likely due to micro-impacts or temperature gradients at the lunar surface. These coupled mechanisms explain the observed inter-grain He/Ne/Ar variations. Our data further indicate that kinetic diffusion during solar wind implantation, rather than post-implantation alteration, is the primarily driver of elemental fractionation relative to original solar wind values in plagioclase. Collectively, these findings reveal pathways of solar wind-driven noble gas retention and loss in lunar materials and further accounts for the presence of solar wind-derived He and Ne in the lunar exosphere. They also underscore the need to correct for process-related modifications when reconstructing past solar wind compositions, thereby enabling improved inference of solar evolution, planetary volatiles origins, and the initial solar nebula composition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"671 ","pages":"Article 119666"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tectonic modulation of caldera volcanism on the South Aegean Volcanic Arc","authors":"Abigail Metcalfe ,&nbsp;Tim Druitt ,&nbsp;Katharina Pank ,&nbsp;Steffen Kutterolf ,&nbsp;Jonas Preine ,&nbsp;Sarah Beethe ,&nbsp;Axel Schmitt ,&nbsp;Christian Hübscher ,&nbsp;Paraskevi Nomikou ,&nbsp;Thomas A. Ronge ,&nbsp;Carole Berthod ,&nbsp;Hehe Chen ,&nbsp;Shun Chiyonobu ,&nbsp;Acacia Clark ,&nbsp;Susan DeBari ,&nbsp;Ralf Gertisser ,&nbsp;Raymond Johnston ,&nbsp;Olga Koukousioura ,&nbsp;Michael Manga ,&nbsp;Molly McCanta ,&nbsp;Pietro Sternai","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many highly hazardous, caldera-forming explosive eruptions occur in extensional tectonic regimes, but the role of lithospheric rifting in modulating caldera volcanism remains enigmatic. IODP Expedition 398 deep-drilled the volcano-sedimentary infills of submarine half-grabens around Santorini caldera on the continental South Aegean Volcanic Arc. Here we use the volcanic tephra archives to produce a high-resolution eruptive chronostratigraphy for Santorini, to ground-truth seismic stratigraphy, and to extract an integrated timeline of volcano-tectonic couplings. The rift basins contain several submarine volcaniclastic megabeds from the caldera-forming eruptions of Santorini and one from the Kos caldera. The thickest megabed succession is &lt; 250,000 yrs old and lies on a seismic reflection onlap surface that records a phase of rapid rifting. Sedimentation lagged behind subsidence during this rifting phase, creating bathymetric troughs. Integrating submarine core-seismic and onland datasets, we propose that rifting may have driven the transition of Santorini from a prolonged state of effusive and minor explosive activity (∼550 – 250 ka) typical of arc stratovolcanoes to one of repeated caldera-forming eruptions (&lt;250 ka). Rapid rifting may have amplified the normal internal dynamics of the magmatic system in three ways, driving the volcano into a sustained, highly explosive state: (1) an increase in the supply of mantle-derived basalt, (2) enhanced shearing, permeability, and melt percolation in the transcrustal magmatic system, and (3) the development of horizontally extensive magma reservoirs. Broadly simultaneous transitions into caldera-forming activity of the widely separated Santorini and Kos Volcanoes suggest that the two magmatic systems are linked by plate-scale lithospheric stresses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"671 ","pages":"Article 119633"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secular lithospheric delamination controls Late Mesozoic magmatism and basin evolution in South China","authors":"Sheng-Di Zhou,&nbsp;Benjun Wu,&nbsp;Xiao-Lei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The South China Block underwent complex tectonic activities in the Late Mesozoic, forming the Basin and Range-style magmatic province and widespread lithosphere thinning. However, mechanisms for magmatism and basin evolution remain controversial. Here, we utilize a 2-D geodynamic model to show how lithospheric delamination controls magmatism and related surface responses in South China. The initial delamination occurred in the form of downwelling drip at the convergent boundary between two amalgamated continental blocks triggered by the subduction of oceanic plate. Around the descending drips, the induced mantle upwelling provided enough heat and extensional settings for the formation of felsic magmatism. Also, the downwelling drips pulled down the lithosphere and caused the subsidence relative to surrounding uplift caused by upwelling mantle flows, which accounted for the formation of the Basin and Range-style province. Due to dynamic perturbation of upwelling mantle flows, continuous drips gradually migrated to the coastal areas and led to the formation of extensive magmatism and surface topography change triggered by upwelling mantle flow. As a result, the lower part (&gt;70 km) of the lithospheric mantle of South China has been removed and replaced by hot asthenosphere. The secular migration of drips is consistent with the spatial-temporal distribution of magmatism and the basin evolution in South China. The lithospheric thinning was eventually finished through secular lithospheric delamination. The secular lithospheric delamination model explains why the extensive Basin and Range-style magmatic province formed by the long-time subduction of the Izanagi Plate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"671 ","pages":"Article 119660"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precursory patterns, evolution and physical interpretation of the 2025 Santorini-Amorgos seismic sequence","authors":"Davide Zaccagnino ,&nbsp;Georgios Michas ,&nbsp;Luciano Telesca ,&nbsp;Filippos Vallianatos","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 2025 Santorini-Amorgos seismic sequence marked a significant episode of seismic unrest in the Hellenic Volcanic Arc, offering a unique opportunity to investigate precursory patterns and the dynamic evolution of seismicity in a complex volcano-tectonic setting. Here, we analyze the preparatory phase of the crisis using a publicly available manually revised catalog, anomaly detection, and statistical modeling. We identify four distinct stages of seismic activity: 1) an initial volcano-driven phase starting in the summer 2024 with slightly accelerating moment release and focusing towards the Amorgos region; it was followed by 2) a progressive onset of the seismic sequence during January associated with stronger clustering, steady b-value and rapidly increasing magnitude variability captured by higher entropy and by some features of the multifractal spectrum. 3) A successive very strong five-days-long chaotic phase in early February, with evident breakdown of the Gutenberg-Richter law and multifractality, decreasing b-value and rapid anomalous diffusion of seismicity. Finally, 4) a slowly diffusive phase dominated by aftershocks occurring after mid-February. Physical and statistical analyses reveal significant premonitory changes marked by progressive migration of seismic activity towards the area that hosted the sequence. Our findings suggest that the 2025 crisis was promoted by a multiscale crustal weakening process. It was likely triggered by a magmatic-tectonic interaction and governed by the strong segmentation of the Santorini-Amorgos normal-faulting system which reduced the probability of a <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>w</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> 6+ mainshock.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"671 ","pages":"Article 119656"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbonate fluorapatite pellets in pelagic sediments: Implications for REY enrichment and Nd isotopic signatures in abyssal environments","authors":"Jianlin Liao ,&nbsp;Dajin Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Sun ,&nbsp;Gang Hong ,&nbsp;Yinan Deng ,&nbsp;Weiqi Yao ,&nbsp;Alain Manceau ,&nbsp;Andrea Koschinsky","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep-sea sediments enriched in rare-earth elements and yttrium (REY) have attracted global attention due to their strategic importance for cutting-edge technologies. While bioapatite fossils are considered the primary REY reservoir in marine deposits, REY-rich sediments predominantly occur in pelagic oligotrophic regions where bioapatite abundance is insufficient to account for the observed REY and phosphorus inventories. Here, we report peculiar pellets of carbonate fluorapatite (CFA) as a REY host in pelagic sediments from the Pacific Ocean. These authigenic pellets likely form through precipitation within microenvironments (e.g., foraminifera tests) at the sediment-seawater interface, utilizing dissolved constituents derived from organic matter degradation and carbonate shell dissolution. Additionally, the higher abundance of CFA pellets in sediments near the East Pacific Rise suggests that hydrothermal venting may promote CFA formation, because particulate Fe from hydrothermal plumes can efficiently bind to dissolved P and thus promote P burial into sediments. During formation, CFA pellets incorporate REY from ambient fluids and reach exceptional enrichment (∼23,000 μg/g), thereby serving as an important REY reservoir. The pellets' extreme REY enrichment (∼10⁸ times pore fluid concentrations) and lattice-hosted incorporation appear to preserve pristine REY signatures (including Nd isotopes), indicating a potential proxy for archiving bottom water Nd isotopic signatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"671 ","pages":"Article 119658"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}