Geophysical Research Letters最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Climate Change on the Dynamics of the Southern Senegal Upwelling Center","authors":"S. Ndoye, V. Echevin, J. Mignot, X. Capet","doi":"10.1029/2024gl112582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112582","url":null,"abstract":"The Canary current upwelling System (CCS) is one the most productive marine ecosystems. CMIP5 simulations under the RCP8.5 scenario for the end of the 21st century project a modest upwelling-favorable wind decrease over the CCS southern outpost, that is, the southern senegalese upwelling center (SSUC). We explore the coastal-scale physical manifestations of climate change in the SSUC through dynamical downscaling of projected changes from nine CMIP5 models selected for their realistic representation of present-day thermohaline structure. We find that coastal upwelling reduction due to wind changes is projected to be aggravated by geostrophic/pressure adjustments related, in large part, to changes in upper ocean stratification. The reduction could reach 25% of present-day upwelling rates. The intensity of the poleward boundary current offshore of the SSUC is projected to decrease. Together with upper ocean warming this opens vast possibilities of ecological evolutions with large impact on neighboring societies.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Secondary Recoil Leaders in the Formation of Subsequent Return Strokes","authors":"Ivan T. Cruz, Marcelo M. F. Saba, José Claudio O. Silva, Carina Schumann","doi":"10.1029/2024gl110492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl110492","url":null,"abstract":"Recoil leaders develop in lightning flash decayed channels. The propagation of a recoil leader depends on the charges stored at its tip and the conductivity of the decayed channel. When the recoil leader propagates over the entire channel, a subsequent return stroke happens. Recoil leaders very often cease propagating before they reach the ground, that is, only part of the decayed channel is reionized. The present work aims to analyze the herein named secondary recoil leader that connect with the primary recoil leaders and cause them to start propagating again. We believe that the secondary recoil leader injects additional charge into the primary recoil leader, allowing the recoil leader reionize the whole decayed channel of the lightning flash. High-speed videos analysis of upward lightning flashes shows that secondary recoil leaders play an important role on the formation and progression of dart leaders/subsequent return strokes.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"174 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling Cryosphere Dynamics by Distributed Acoustic Sensing and Data-Driven Hydro-Thermo Coupled Simulation","authors":"Haoyuan Sun, Feng Cheng, Jianghai Xia, Jianbo Guan, Zefeng Li, Jonathan B. Ajo-Franklin","doi":"10.1029/2024gl111188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl111188","url":null,"abstract":"As global warming continues, the Earth's cryosphere is experiencing severe degradation. This study leverages a novel combination of distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) and artificial intelligence to monitor and decipher cryospheric dynamics. We have developed an advanced time-lapse surface wave analysis workflow to capture shear wave velocity changes <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/271447fe-299d-4ebd-bc13-d06bf0581d3d/grl68843-math-0001.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"108\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/grl68843-math-0001.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow data-semantic-children=\"4\" data-semantic-content=\"0,5\" data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"leftright\" data-semantic-speech=\"left parenthesis normal upper Delta v right parenthesis\" data-semantic-type=\"fenced\"><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"fenced\" data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"open\" data-semantic-type=\"fence\" style=\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mrow data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-children=\"1,2\" data-semantic-content=\"3\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"implicit\" data-semantic-type=\"infixop\"><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"normal\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"greekletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi><mjx-mo data-semantic-added=\"true\" data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"infixop,⁢\" data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"multiplication\" data-semantic-type=\"operator\" style=\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo><mjx-mi data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple\" data-semantic-font=\"italic\" data-semantic- data-semantic-parent=\"4\" data-semantic-role=\"latinletter\" data-semantic-type=\"identifier\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mi></mjx-mrow><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-operator=\"fenced\" data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"close\" data-semantic-type=\"fence\" style=\"margin-left: 0.056em; margin-right: 0.056em;\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl68843:grl68843-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/grl68843-math-0001.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-children=\"4\" data-semantic-content=\"0,5\" data-semantic-role=\"leftright\" data-semantic-speech=\"left parenthesis normal upper Delta v right parenthesis\" data-semantic-type=\"fenced\"><mo data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-operator=\"fenced\" data-semantic-parent=\"6\" data-semantic-role=\"open\" data-semantic-type=\"fence\" stretchy=\"false\">(</mo><mrow data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-annotation=\"clearspeak:simple;clearspeak:unit\" data-semantic-chil","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency of Synoptic-Scale Precipitation Events Recorded by Daily Resolved δ18O of Land Snail Shells","authors":"Guozhen Wang, Jibao Dong, Qian Zhang, Sheng He, Chengcheng Liu, Fan Luo, Yana Jia, Xiulan Zong, Miaohong He, Tao Han, Gang Xue, Yang Li, John Dodson, Hong Yan","doi":"10.1029/2024gl112536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112536","url":null,"abstract":"Land snails exhibit the potential for capturing synoptic-scale precipitation events through the δ¹⁸O records of their shells (δ¹⁸O_shell), but the application is hindered by the absence of a practical methodology for tracking these events. Here, we developed a statistical methodology to track the synoptic-scale precipitation events from daily resolved snail body fluid δ¹⁸O (δ¹⁸O_BF) record. We further tested and verified our approach using daily resolved δ¹⁸O_shell records of modern <i>Cathaica fasciola</i> from the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). The reconstructed 3-day-timescale precipitation events frequencies using first derivations of δ¹⁸O_BF and δ¹⁸O_shell shows strong agreement with instrumental data (&gt;85% detection accuracy). The strong correlation between precipitation days in snail-growing-season and annual precipitation amounts across the CLP also permits the reconstruction of synoptical precipitation frequency for investigating the interannual variability of precipitation. Our study paves the avenue in paleoweather study, enabling quantitative reconstructions of past synoptic-scale precipitation events.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deformation on Rainbow Massif, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Illuminated With Microearthquakes Detected by Machine Learning","authors":"Evan C. Anderson, Ross Parnell-Turner, Robert A. Sohn, Wenyuan Fan","doi":"10.1029/2024gl111285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl111285","url":null,"abstract":"Oceanic detachment fault systems are characteristic of slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges, where reduced magma supply leads to increased extension by faulting and exhumation of oceanic core complexes (OCCs). OCCs have complicated structure reflecting the interplay between magmatic, hydrothermal, and tectonic processes. We use microearthquake data from a 9-month ocean bottom seismometer deployment to image deformation structures in the Rainbow massif on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Using a machine-learning enabled workflow to obtain an earthquake catalog containing <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/61e1f902-0291-4988-9bdc-47bf8ead2963/grl68618-math-0001.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"81\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/grl68618-math-0001.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"inequality\" data-semantic-speech=\"greater than\" data-semantic-type=\"relation\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl68618:grl68618-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/grl68618-math-0001.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mo data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-role=\"inequality\" data-semantic-speech=\"greater than\" data-semantic-type=\"relation\">&gt;</mo></mrow>${ &gt;} $</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container>68,000 events, we find seismicity occurred in distinct clusters that correlate with previously imaged velocity anomalies and dipping subsurface reflections. Our results are consistent with a dipping alteration front within the massif overlying late-stage intrusions and suggest a transpressional fault accommodates a non-transform offset north of the massif. Our results demonstrate OCCs continue to deform in a complex way after a detachment fault has been abandoned due to combined effects of tectonic stresses, magmatism, and alteration.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asynchronous Changes in Vegetation Greenness and Climate Variables Isolines During 1986–2020 Over the Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Yiqing Guo, Mousong Wu, Long Yang, Ping Zuo","doi":"10.1029/2024gl111652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl111652","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetation greenness on the Tibetan Plateau has benefited from climate-driven temperature and precipitation changes over the past decades. Whether and to what extent the horizontal and vertical shifts of vegetation isolines keep pace with the temperature and precipitation isolines, as well as hidden mechanisms remain elusive. Analyzing the greenness and climate data over 1986–2020, our study reveals widespread mismatch, with 76.9% (87.1%) of horizontal greenness isolines lagged or diverged from temperature (precipitation) isolines. Similarly, 55.8% (77.9%) of vertical isolines showed lagging or diverging patterns relative to temperature (precipitation) isolines. Horizontal shifts in vegetation isolines were influenced by slope, precipitation and grazing intensity; while their vertical shifts were primarily driven by water-related factors that mitigate warming effects. The drivers responsible for asynchronous responses provide predictive understandings of alpine vegetation dynamics under a changing climate.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Evaluation of Observed Changes in Diurnal Temperature Range","authors":"Qiya Xu, Sihao Wei, Zichen Li, Qingxiang Li","doi":"10.1029/2024gl113406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113406","url":null,"abstract":"Due to spatial heterogeneity, the global diurnal temperature range (DTR) change trends vary across data sets. By updating the C-LSAT data set to version 2.1, this study systematically evaluates long-term DTR trends at global and continental scales since 1900. The results indicate that improvements in temporal and spatial data coverage, particularly after 2014, along with data homogenization, have significantly enhanced the reliability of global and regional DTR assessments. Since 1900, the global mean DTR has declined at a rate of −0.025°C per decade, with the most pronounced decreases observed from the 1950s to the 1980s, especially in Asia and Africa. However, in recent decades, DTR trends have reversed, with the global DTR increasing at a rate of 0.136°C per decade since 1998, particularly in Europe, North America, and the Southern Hemisphere. These findings confirm previous studies on DTR trends and their causes, providing updated, reliable estimates of global and regional changes.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical Study of Electric Pc5 Pulsations in the Inner Magnetosphere Observed by Cluster","authors":"Li Yan, Wenlong Liu, Dianjun Zhang, Theodore E. Sarris, Xinlin Li, Xin Tong","doi":"10.1029/2024gl112358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112358","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra-low frequency (ULF) waves in the Pc5 band are essential for the transport of electrons in the radiation belt and the transport of energy from the solar wind into the magnetosphere. Based on ∼14-year of electric field data from Cluster satellite, the spatial distributions of power spectral densities (PSD) of electric field ULF waves in the inner magnetosphere are statistically investigated, suggesting that PSDs of electric ULF wave increase with increasing <i>L</i> and depend on magnetic latitude (MLAT). PSDs of electric ULF wave are greater at noon for lower |MLAT| and at midnight for higher |MLAT|. Moreover, the <i>L</i> and MLAT dependent empirical formulas for the ULF magnetic and electric fields are provided, enabling the latitudinal effect in the radial diffusion evaluation. The results in this paper suggest a potential shift in the contribution to radial diffusion may occur between the magnetic and electric fields at different MLATs.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Distribution of Serpentine on Mars","authors":"A. Emran, J. D. Tarnas, K. M. Stack","doi":"10.1029/2024gl110630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl110630","url":null,"abstract":"The distribution and origin of serpentine on Mars can provide insights into the planet's aqueous history, habitability, and past climate. In this study, we used dynamic aperture factor analysis/target transformation applied to 15,760 images from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars, followed by validation with the radiance ratio method, to construct a map of Mg-serpentine deposits on Mars. Although relatively rare, Mg-serpentine was detected in diverse geomorphic settings across Noachian and Hesperian-aged terrains in the southern highlands of Mars, implying that serpentinization was active on early Mars and that multiple formation mechanisms may be needed to explain its spatial distribution. We also calculated the amount of H₂ produced during the formation of the observed deposits and conclude that serpentinization was likely more widespread on Mars than indicated by the observed distribution.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relativistic and Ultra-Relativistic Electron Bursts in Earth's Magnetotail Observed by Low-Altitude Satellites","authors":"Xiao-Jia Zhang, Anton V. Artemyev, Xinlin Li, Harry Arnold, Vassilis Angelopoulos, Drew L. Turner, Mykhaylo Shumko, Andrei Runov, Yang Mei, Zheng Xiang","doi":"10.1029/2024gl113280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl113280","url":null,"abstract":"Earth's magnetotail, a night-side region characterized by stretched magnetic field lines and strong plasma currents, is the primary site for the release of magnetic field energy and its transformation into plasma heating and kinetic energy plus charged particle acceleration during magnetic reconnection. In this study, we demonstrate that the efficiency of this acceleration can be sufficiently high to produce populations of relativistic and ultra-relativistic electrons, with energies up to several MeV, which exceeds all previous theoretical and simulation estimates. Using data from the low-altitude ELFIN and CIRBE CubeSats, we show multiple events of relativistic electron bursts within the magnetotail, far poleward of the outer radiation belt. These bursts are characterized by power-law energy spectra and can be detected during even moderate substorms.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}