Geophysical Research Letters最新文献

Natural Soils-Based Oxidation Mitigates Methane Leakage From Integrity Compromised Legacy Wells

IF 4.6 1区地球科学

Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1029/2024GL113522

Aaron G. Cahill, James McClure, Iain de Jonge-Anderson

{"title":"Natural Soils-Based Oxidation Mitigates Methane Leakage From Integrity Compromised Legacy Wells","authors":"Aaron G. Cahill, James McClure, Iain de Jonge-Anderson","doi":"10.1029/2024GL113522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113522","url":null,"abstract":"An increasing number of legacy petroleum wells are reported to suffer integrity failure, releasing methane (CH4) into the subsurface and atmosphere. Subsurface released methane is reactively transported toward ground surface with a portion converted to carbon dioxide by soil microbes. Currently, the extent to which fugitive CH4 oxidation occurs, including microbial taxa responsible and controlling parameters are poorly understood. Here, we examined fugitive CH4 leakage at a legacy well in the Montney region of British Columbia, Canada and find up to 90% is oxidized at rates as high as 230 g of CH4/m2 of soils/day during summer. Meanwhile, a profound difference in microbiome between soils at the wellhead and background was observed, while modeling suggests that prevailing seasonal temperature will moderate CH4 oxidation extent. Overall, we find that filtration of fugitive CH4 through natural soils can significantly reduce emissions of CH4 and mitigate climate impacts from such sources.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL113522","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is There a Scalar Atmospheric Surface Layer Within a Convective Boundary Layer? Implications for Flux Measurements

IF 4.6 1区地球科学

Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1029/2024GL112619

Heping Liu, Cheng Liu, Yanzhao Zhou, Qianyu Zhang, Ankur R. Desai, Khaled Ghannam, Jianping Huang, Gabriel G. Katul

{"title":"Is There a Scalar Atmospheric Surface Layer Within a Convective Boundary Layer? Implications for Flux Measurements","authors":"Heping Liu, Cheng Liu, Yanzhao Zhou, Qianyu Zhang, Ankur R. Desai, Khaled Ghannam, Jianping Huang, Gabriel G. Katul","doi":"10.1029/2024GL112619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL112619","url":null,"abstract":"Top-down entrainment shapes the vertical gradients of sensible heat, latent heat, and CO2 fluxes, influencing the interpretation of eddy covariance (EC) measurements in the unstable atmospheric surface layer (ASL). Using large eddy simulations for convective boundary layer flows, we demonstrate that decreased temperature gradients across the entrainment zone increase entrainment fluxes by enhancing the entrainment velocity, amplifying the asymmetry between top-down and bottom-up flux contributions. These changes alter scalar flux profiles, causing flux divergence or convergence and leading to the breakdown of the constant flux layer assumption (CFLA) in the ASL. As a result, EC-measured fluxes either underestimate or overestimate “true” surface fluxes during divergence or convergence phases, contributing to energy balance non-closure. The varying degrees of the CFLA breakdown are a fundamental cause for the non-closure issue. These findings highlight the underappreciated role of entrainment in interpreting EC fluxes, addressing non-closure, and understanding site-to-site variability in flux measurements.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL112619","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of Space Weather Effects by Swarm Magnetic Field Data: The SFAC Index

IF 4.6 1区地球科学

Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1029/2024GL112430

Octav Marghitu, Adrian Blăgău, Vlad Constantinescu, Malcolm W. Dunlop, Guram Kervalishvili, Jan Rauberg, Jesper W. Gjerloev

{"title":"Investigation of Space Weather Effects by Swarm Magnetic Field Data: The SFAC Index","authors":"Octav Marghitu, Adrian Blăgău, Vlad Constantinescu, Malcolm W. Dunlop, Guram Kervalishvili, Jan Rauberg, Jesper W. Gjerloev","doi":"10.1029/2024GL112430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL112430","url":null,"abstract":"The three Swarm satellites provide an optimum, low Earth orbit (LEO) and multi-spacecraft platform, to explore for the first time the local correlation between field-aligned currents (FACs), auroral electrojets, and magnetic perturbations at the Earth's surface. By combining Swarm and ground magnetic field data, one can investigate systematically the full correlation chain, whose final link controls the ground induced currents and related space weather effects. We introduce an integrated FAC product, the Sheet FAC (SFAC) index, as a convenient measure of the in-situ FAC data, and explore the correlations SFAC-AE, SFAC-PEJ and SFAC-dH, with AE the standard auroral electrojet index, PEJ the local, Swarm based, polar electrojet index, and dH the horizontal magnetic field perturbation at the Earth's surface. Given the good SFAC-dH correlation, we also suggest an extension of SFAC to higher LEO satellites, which cannot observe any more the electrojet currents, but are fully capable to monitor SFAC.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL112430","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Direct Evidence of the Lower Atmosphere Perturbations Producing Abnormal Ionospheric Longitudinal Gradients During Quiescent Geomagnetic Conditions

IF 4.6 1区地球科学

Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1029/2024GL113648

Yuyan Jin, Biqiang Zhao, Xu Zhou, Honglian Hao, Guozhu Li, Xinan Yue, Zishen Li

{"title":"Direct Evidence of the Lower Atmosphere Perturbations Producing Abnormal Ionospheric Longitudinal Gradients During Quiescent Geomagnetic Conditions","authors":"Yuyan Jin, Biqiang Zhao, Xu Zhou, Honglian Hao, Guozhu Li, Xinan Yue, Zishen Li","doi":"10.1029/2024GL113648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113648","url":null,"abstract":"An unusual case of a large ionospheric longitudinal gradient in East Asia on 11 May 2021 occurred during a geomagnetically-quiet period. It shows the largest east-west difference in electron density at Yamagawa and Wuhan stations when Kp < 2 for 13:00–17:00 LT in 2021. Ground- and satellite-based observations consistently confirm that there was a decrease in the west and an increase in the east of ∼125°E, with hemispherical symmetric with respect to the geomagnetic equator. The potential mechanism is further investigated through multi-observations of plasma drifts and neutral winds, provided by the Ionospheric Connections Explorer satellite and newly-established Sanya Incoherent Scatter Radar. The prominent longitudinal gradient in plasma drifts, electro-dynamically coupled with E-region winds, is suggested as the contributor for the east-west differences, together with the strong gradient of F-region winds in phase. This study provides direct evidence linking atmosphere perturbations to unusual longitudinal structure of terrestrial space plasma environment.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL113648","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High Methane Production and Emission From Tropical Seagrasses Through Methylotrophic Methanogenesis

IF 4.6 1区地球科学

Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1029/2024GL113824

Guiyuan Dai, Xiaogang Chen, Guangchao Zhuang, Yan Zhang, Peiyuan Zhu, Feng Ju, Ling Li

{"title":"High Methane Production and Emission From Tropical Seagrasses Through Methylotrophic Methanogenesis","authors":"Guiyuan Dai, Xiaogang Chen, Guangchao Zhuang, Yan Zhang, Peiyuan Zhu, Feng Ju, Ling Li","doi":"10.1029/2024GL113824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113824","url":null,"abstract":"Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas that reduces the carbon sequestration capacity of seagrass meadows. However, our understanding of CH4 production and emission from these important carbon sinks is limited. Here we conducted biogeochemical experiments to identify methylotrophic methanogenesis as the primary methanogenesis pathway in a tropical seagrass meadow. The production rate constant was 2.2–3.9 d−1, significantly higher than those in temperate meadows (<0.02 d−1). The CH4 emission rate from the meadow was 835 ± 124 μmol m−2 d−1. A global meta-analysis further revealed the CH4 emission rate in tropical seagrass meadows is approximately 8 times higher than temperate meadows. Global seagrass meadows emit 0.3 Tg CH4 yr−1, with over 90% from tropical meadows and resulting in an 8.6% reduction of the seagrass carbon burial on a 20-year time horizon. These findings highlight the role of tropical seagrass meadows as CH4 sources, which can offset the benefits of seagrass carbon sequestration.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL113824","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Energetic Constraints on Baroclinic Eddy Heat Transport With a Beta Effect in the Laboratory

IF 4.6 1区地球科学

Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1029/2024GL112196

Cheng Qian, Peter L. Read, David P. Marshall

引用次数: 0

Deep-Circulating Groundwater From the Tibetan Plateau Constructed the Loess Plateau

IF 4.6 1区地球科学

Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1029/2024GL110647

Wang Wang, Jiaqi Chen, Jian Sheng Chen, Yitong Zhang, Xiangmei Liu, D. A. Barry

{"title":"Deep-Circulating Groundwater From the Tibetan Plateau Constructed the Loess Plateau","authors":"Wang Wang, Jiaqi Chen, Jian Sheng Chen, Yitong Zhang, Xiangmei Liu, D. A. Barry","doi":"10.1029/2024GL110647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL110647","url":null,"abstract":"China's Loess Plateau (LP) is a quintessential example of a desert transitional environment characterized by a distinctive soil profile comprising of a red clay layer overlain by loess. The source of the sedimentary materials that formed the plateau, as well as the mechanism for the red clay/loess transition, are yet unexplained. This study attributes this transition to changes in groundwater temperature. Isotopic analyses, including δ18O-δ2H, 3H in water bodies, and Pb isotopes in soil, reveal that the LP is predominantly recharged by deep-circulating groundwater from the Tibetan Plateau. During soil formation, groundwater traversing the lithosphere reached supercritical temperatures, extracting and transporting mineral elements that precipitated to form features characteristic of the red clay layer, such as dolomite and iron-manganese deposits. This process persisted until approximately 2.6 Ma, when groundwater temperatures dropped below supercritical levels, initiating the accumulation of loess.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL110647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143521761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using a Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Model to Simulate the Magnetospheric Response to a Kinetic Foreshock Transient

IF 4.6 1区地球科学

Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1029/2024GL113463

D. G. Sibeck, L. Rastätter, M. El Alaoui

引用次数: 0

Changes in Flood Magnitude and Frequency Projected for Vulnerable Regions and Major Wetlands of South America

IF 4.6 1区地球科学

Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1029/2024GL112436

I. Petry, P. T. Miranda, R. C. D. Paiva, W. Collischonn, F. M. Fan, H. O. Fagundes, A. A. Araujo, S. Souza

{"title":"Changes in Flood Magnitude and Frequency Projected for Vulnerable Regions and Major Wetlands of South America","authors":"I. Petry, P. T. Miranda, R. C. D. Paiva, W. Collischonn, F. M. Fan, H. O. Fagundes, A. A. Araujo, S. Souza","doi":"10.1029/2024GL112436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL112436","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration elevates atmospheric temperature and enhances water storage capacity. This could lead to more extreme precipitation events, while simultaneously, higher temperatures may cause land and soil to dry out. Such alterations create ambiguous expectations regarding the direction of hydrological changes in the following decades. This work quantifies streamflow changes on flood discharges in South America based on the MGB-SA hydrodynamic-hydrological model forced with the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) ensemble of climate projections. Future projections indicate that floods are expected to increase in magnitude and become up to five times more frequent in Southern Brazil, a region recently impacted by unprecedented flooding. In contrast, ecosystems such as the Amazon and the Pantanal will likely experience less frequent floods in the coming decades. These projections have relevant implications not only for flood risk in populated areas but also for ecological dynamics.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL112436","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Direct Evidence for Electron Pitch Angle Scattering Driven by Electrostatic Cyclotron Harmonic Waves

IF 4.6 1区地球科学

Geophysical Research Letters Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1029/2024GL113188

S. Kurita, Y. Miyoshi, S. Kasahara, S. Yokota, Y. Kasahara, S. Matsuda, A. Kumamoto, F. Tsuchiya, A. Matsuoka, T. Hori, K. Keika, M. Teramoto, K. Yamamoto, I. Shinohara

{"title":"Direct Evidence for Electron Pitch Angle Scattering Driven by Electrostatic Cyclotron Harmonic Waves","authors":"S. Kurita, Y. Miyoshi, S. Kasahara, S. Yokota, Y. Kasahara, S. Matsuda, A. Kumamoto, F. Tsuchiya, A. Matsuoka, T. Hori, K. Keika, M. Teramoto, K. Yamamoto, I. Shinohara","doi":"10.1029/2024GL113188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113188","url":null,"abstract":"Electrostatic Cyclotron Harmonic (ECH) waves have been considered a potential cause of pitch angle scattering of electrons in the energy range from a few hundred eV to tens of keV. Theoretical studies have suggested that scattering by ECH waves is enhanced at lower pitch angles near the loss cone. Due to the insufficient angular resolution of particle detectors, it has been a great challenge to reveal ECH-driven scattering based on electron measurements. This study reports on variations in electron pitch angle distributions associated with ECH wave activity observed by the Arase satellite. The variation is characterized by a decrease in fluxes near the loss cone, and energy and pitch angle dependence of the flux decrease is consistent with the region of enhanced pitch angle scattering rates predicted by the quasi-linear diffusion theory. This study provides direct evidence for energy-pitch angle dependence of pitch angle scattering driven by ECH waves.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL113188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0