Geophysical Research Letters最新文献

{"title":"How Cratonic Roots Survive With Weak Mid-Lithosphere Discontinuities","authors":"Qionghua Guo,&nbsp;Huilin Wang,&nbsp;Honglei Liu","doi":"10.1029/2024GL111075","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024GL111075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The stability of cratons has long been attributed to their neutral buoyancy and strong roots. However, recent seismic studies have revealed widespread mid-lithospheric discontinuities (MLDs) within cratonic roots. Previous studies, based on geophysical and xenolith evidence, mainly suggest that MLDs are formed through metamorphic processes and have low strength. This raises the question of how most cratons remain stable with weak MLDs. Using numerical models and theoretical analysis, we show that the spatial distribution of MLDs can influence cratonic behavior during plate motion. Mantle flow can shear the cratonic root along a weak, laterally continuous MLD, leading to cratonic destruction. However, when the MLDs are laterally intermittent and contain several 10's–1,000's km-wide gaps, especially near the side boundaries, they can generate a viscous coupling that can counterbalance the basal traction force from mantle flow and contribute to stabilizing the cratons.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL111075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Observation of Ionospheric Plasma Bubble Signatures by Ca+ Lidar at Low Latitude","authors":"Wenjie Sun,&nbsp;Jing Jiao,&nbsp;Guotao Yang,&nbsp;Guozhu Li,&nbsp;Haiyong Xie,&nbsp;Biqiang Zhao,&nbsp;Yajun Zhu,&nbsp;Xiao Wang,&nbsp;Lianhuan Hu,&nbsp;Haoran Zheng,&nbsp;Bing Zheng,&nbsp;Lifang Du,&nbsp;Chunxiao Yan","doi":"10.1029/2025GL114696","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2025GL114696","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ionospheric plasma bubbles refer to density depletion structures in the ionosphere, which are usually seen in the electron density profiles observed by radar, and have never been observed in the density profiles of metallic ions. In this letter, we report the first observation of plasma bubble signatures captured by lidar, manifested as depletion and bifurcation structures in the density profile of a Ca⁺ patch appearing at F-region height over low latitude. Different from majority of plasma bubbles observed by radar mainly seen in F-region altitude, the bubble depletion signatures visualized by lidar at low latitude could be down to below the F layer bottom, that is, valley-region altitude ∼150 km. The results highlight the possibility of plasma bubbles to create depletion structures in metallic ion profiles appearing at F region, and provide a new method to investigate plasma bubbles by lidar.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL114696","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143660593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Physical Drivers of Arctic Sea Ice Growth and Their Changing Roles in a Warming Climate","authors":"Peter Yu Feng Siew,&nbsp;Yutian Wu,&nbsp;Mingfang Ting,&nbsp;Cheng Zheng","doi":"10.1029/2024GL113601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113601","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Arctic sea ice extent grows from its September minimum through winter, influenced mainly by September sea ice conditions and atmospheric circulation during the ice-growing season. However, the changing role of the two drivers in a warming climate remains unclear. Using large-ensemble climate model simulations and Ridge Regression, this study quantifies the changing relative importance of the two drivers from 1861 to 2100. Up until recent years, low September sea ice largely enhanced sea ice growth via a negative feedback, as open water allows more freezing when the water is still cold enough. However, this negative feedback weakens with rising Arctic air and ocean temperatures that increasingly limit and delay sea ice freezing. Atmospheric circulation will relatively play an increasing role in driving sea ice growth in the next few decades. These findings are useful in guiding future studies for improving Arctic sea ice seasonal forecasts and long-term projections.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL113601","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Penetration Electric Fields During the 10 May 2024 Superstorm Observed by ISRs Over Sanya and Jicamarca","authors":"Ruilong Zhang,&nbsp;Libo Liu,&nbsp;Xinan Yue,&nbsp;Jiaojiao Zhang,&nbsp;Ning Zhang,&nbsp;Yiding Chen,&nbsp;Huijun Le,&nbsp;Wenbo Li","doi":"10.1029/2024GL114543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL114543","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We used the incoherent scatter radar observations at Sanya (18.3°N, 109.6°E) and Jicamarca (11.9°S, 76.9°W) to analyze the day-night difference of penetration electric fields during the 10 May 2024 superstorm. The dawn-dusk electric field penetrated into the night ionosphere more efficiency, and the night-to-day penetration ratio was ∼2. Specially, the zonal electric field became westward in the post-midnight, while it did not change significantly in the afternoon in response to the IMF-Bz southward turning at 17:45–18:25 UT and 19:30–22:30 UT. These indicated that the penetration electric field was rapidly and long-lastingly canceled by shielding electric field, which had rarely been reported. In this period, the enhanced Region-2 field-aligned current shifted to mid-latitudes and the enhanced sunward convection penetrated to low-latitudes, indicating the shielding layer might closely move to Earth. Under this condition, the shielding layer would promptly reconfigure to cancel the penetration electric field and lead to the perfect shielding.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL114543","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation of Quasi-Periodic Dayside Medium Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTIDs) by Intermittent Lobe Reconnection","authors":"Yating Xiong,&nbsp;Huixin Liu,&nbsp;Run Shi,&nbsp;Zanyang Xing,&nbsp;Sheng Lu,&nbsp;Qiang Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiwei Wang,&nbsp;Desheng Han","doi":"10.1029/2024GL113857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113857","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) can be excited by many sources. Among those magnetic reconnection has been proposed as a potential driver for dayside MSTIDs, but direct evidence has been limited. Using ground-based radar data from the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network on 14 December 2012, we observed quasi-periodic multiple MSTIDs propagating from auroral latitudes to mid latitudes near magnetic local noon, which showed one-to-one correspondences to intermittent lobe reconnections with periodicities of about 20–30 min. Simultaneous EISCAT Svalbard incoherent scatter radar data revealed enhanced electric field and Joule heating within the cusp region following each lobe reconnection. These multi-instrument observations strongly suggest lobe reconnection as a possible driver for the dayside MSTID.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL113857","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interseismic Coupling Along the Java-Timor Subduction-Collision Zone at East Indonesia","authors":"Siyuan Zhao,&nbsp;Phil R. Cummins,&nbsp;Simon McClusky,&nbsp;Meghan S. Miller","doi":"10.1029/2024GL112563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL112563","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Java-Timor subduction-collision zone is one of the most tectonically complicated structures along the strike of the Indonesia-Australia convergence. This complexity makes it difficult to interpret observations of interseismic deformation. In this study, we simultaneously inverted 108 Global Positioning System velocities and 176 earthquake slip vectors to investigate the variation in interseismic coupling along the Java-Timor megathrust and the Flores-Wetar back-arc thrust. Our estimated coupling indicates two relatively wide coupled zones in the Nusa Tenggara segment of the megathrust and back-arc thrust of widths ∼198 and 90 km, respectively. Elsewhere, the widths of estimated coupled zones are narrower, but still indicate significant earthquake and tsunami hazards. The gaps in seismicity and estimated coupled zones along the Java-Timor megathrust are not obviously correlated. The highly coupled Lombok segment illustrates consistency with the occurrence of the 2018 Lombok earthquake sequence.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL112563","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Accuracy of SWOT Measurements of Water Bodies in Australia","authors":"Louise Maubant,&nbsp;Lachlan Dodd,&nbsp;Paul Tregoning","doi":"10.1029/2024GL114084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL114084","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission provides an unparalleled observation system for monitoring global surface water resources. We compared different SWOT level-2 high-rate products and in situ data for rivers, lakes and reservoirs in Australia, utilizing quality flags and uncertainty indicators present in these data products. Water heights derived from the Raster product have a weighted root-mean-square error of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∼</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${sim} $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>5 cm but the product fails to sample small water bodies. The use of LakeSP and RiverSP spatial definitions of water bodies yields accuracies typically between 20 and 30 cm but often do not include data for Australian water bodies and/or small river sections. Our approach using pixel cloud data achieves an accuracy of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∼</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${sim} $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>5 cm in measuring water heights over rivers as narrow as <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∼</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${sim} $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>40 m wide and reservoirs as small as <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∼</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${sim} $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>100</mn>\u0000 <mo>×</mo>\u0000 <mn>100</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $100times 100$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> m, well below the mission requirements of 100 m river width and <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>250</mn>\u0000 <mo>×</mo>\u0000 <mn>250</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $250times 250$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> m lake area.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL114084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143645853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Distribution and Seasonality of Martian Atmospheric HCl Explained Through Heterogeneous Chemistry","authors":"Paul M. Streeter,&nbsp;Kylash Rajendran,&nbsp;Stephen R. Lewis,&nbsp;Kevin S. Olsen,&nbsp;Alexander Trokhimovskiy,&nbsp;Oleg Korablev,&nbsp;Manish R. Patel","doi":"10.1029/2024GL111059","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024GL111059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent observations from the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) have revealed the presence of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in the martian atmosphere. HCl shows strong seasonality, primarily appearing during Mars' perihelion period before decreasing faster than projected from photolysis and gas-phase chemistry. HCl profiles also display local anti-correlation with water ice aerosol. One candidate explanation is heterogeneous chemistry. We present the first results from a heterogeneous chlorine chemistry scheme incorporated into a Mars global climate model (GCM), with atmospheric dust/water ice parameterized as an HCl source/sink respectively. Results were compared against a Mars GCM with gas-phase only chlorine chemistry and observations from TGO's Atmospheric Chemistry Suite. We found that the heterogeneous scheme significantly improved the modeled HCl seasonal, latitudinal, and vertical distribution, supporting a crucial role for heterogeneous chemistry in Mars' chlorine cycle. Remaining discrepancies show that further work is needed to characterize the exact aerosol reactions involved.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL111059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143640871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Simple Model for the Hydrological Change Over Phanerozoic: Untangling Contributions From Climate and Continental Evolution","authors":"Zelong Li,&nbsp;Panxi Dai,&nbsp;Ji Nie,&nbsp;Yongyun Hu,&nbsp;Yonggang Liu,&nbsp;Jun Yang,&nbsp;Shuai Yuan,&nbsp;Xiang Li,&nbsp;Jiaqi Guo,&nbsp;Jiawenjing Lan,&nbsp;Xiujuan Bao,&nbsp;Mengyu Wei,&nbsp;Zhibo Li,&nbsp;Kai Man,&nbsp;Zihan Yin","doi":"10.1029/2025GL115077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Earth's hydrological cycle has undergone significant change during geological periods. While it is known that the global-mean surface temperature (GMST) is the first-order controlling factor, there are other factors less studied. We performed paleoclimate simulations to examine the evolution of global-mean precipitation (GMP) from 540 million years ago to today. The GMP primarily varies with GMST, however, change in the low-latitude land fraction is also important. An increase in land fraction can directly reduce GMP by reducing latent heat and increasing sensible heat. Furthermore, the weakened greenhouse gas effect of the drier atmosphere further amplify the direct impact by approximately 44%. A simple model of GMP as a function of GMST and land area fraction is developed, which effectively reproduces the simulation results throughout the Phanerozoic Eon. Our results clearly separate the effects of climate change and continental evolution on hydrological change over geological time and elucidate the functional mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL115077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propagation and Periodicity of Mars's Northern Annular Mode Modulates the Dust Cycle","authors":"J. Michael Battalio,&nbsp;Juan M. Lora,&nbsp;Sandro W. Lubis,&nbsp;Pedram Hassanzadeh","doi":"10.1029/2024GL112814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL112814","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We document the propagation of annular modes—zonally symmetric patterns of variability—in Mars's atmosphere using a reanalysis dataset. Mars's Northern Annular Mode (MNAM) sees anomalies of zonal-mean zonal wind emerge near the subtropics and migrate poleward with a period of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∼</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${sim} $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>150 days, similarly to Earth's Southern Annular Mode. The mechanism of propagation involves the interaction of the two leading empirical orthogonal functions that define the MNAM. Moreover, the propagation encourages alternating bands of surface wind stress to migrate polewards with a 150-day period. In addition, a 150-day periodicity in anomalous column dust optical depth most likely emerges in response to extrema of the MNAM. The combination of the impact of the MNAM's internally forced periodicity on the surface wind stress and the seasonal cycle may contribute to the inter-annual variability of global dust events, as suggested by a Monte Carlo estimate that correctly approximates the observed incidence of global dust events.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL112814","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}