Groundwater最新文献

{"title":"Society News","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13473","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 2","pages":"142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From stoning to building: How to energize science meetings","authors":"Barbara J.\u0000 Bickford","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13471","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13471","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Most groundwater professionals attend one or more regional or national conferences each year. At these meetings, we hope to move science forward by sharing research, exchanging ideas, and gaining allies in scientific pursuits with other scientists, practitioners, policymakers, funders, and the public.</p><p>But many science meetings fail to meet these aspirations. They overwhelm, confuse, and isolate participants. They prioritize the consumption of information over conversation, and that inhibits the collaborative scientific process.</p><p>Everyone can advance science by improving science meetings. Let's start with the presenters.</p><p>In 1985, Dr. Jay Lehr wrote an editorial in <i>Groundwater</i> entitled “Let there be stoning” (Lehr <span>1985</span>). In it, Dr. Lehr criticized scientists who subject their listeners to boring presentations. He accused them of being arrogant, thoughtless, insulting, and other derogatory adjectives.</p><p>Dr. Lehr's complaints are still valid. Many scientists give too much information or fail to provide enough narrative structure to help listeners understand the topic (Olson <span>2015</span>). The result? Boring presentations and confused listeners.</p><p>Now, I don't believe most scientists are purposely giving terrible presentations; perhaps they just don't know how to create truly engaging ones.</p><p>Fortunately, besides threats of public humiliation, Dr. Lehr offered timeless practical guidance, ranging from designing slides to enthusiastically connecting with the audience. I suggest that anyone planning to present at a professional conference read Lehr's editorial and take it to heart.</p><p>Conferences are meetings, and meetings are where people meet, or hope to. But the structure of traditional science meetings can inhibit meaningful connections. Food, name tags, and poster sessions can help people meet, but they are not enough.</p><p>As a result, instead of meeting new people and discussing science, we may create needed downtime for ourselves with our friends or phones.</p><p>I could throw stones at meeting planners for these structural shortcomings, but as one living in a proverbial glass house, it is more constructive to share ideas that work. At a recent 3-day science meeting, the sponsors and I prioritized connection and conversation in three ways:</p><p>First, to initiate connections immediately, we began Day 1 with two rounds of introductions around tables of eight, where participants shared their names, how they got there, what they wanted to happen, and what they had to offer (Segar <span>2009</span>, <span>2015</span>). Table leaders promoted conciseness by limiting each introduction to 90 s.</p><p>Our one-hour investment in personal introductions paid off. Everyone felt heard and connected. The resulting palpable energy and eagerness to talk lasted all 3 days. Around 30 of the 108 participants stayed for up to 2 h after the meeting ended, just to continue talking!</p><p>Even in large conf","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 2","pages":"140-141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.13471","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143461161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"R.W. Gillham and the Role of Capillary Fringe Processes in Shallow Aquifer Behavior","authors":"John Vogan, Steve Shikaze, Kristian Doerken","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13468","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13468","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 2","pages":"291-294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Long Well Screens on Monitoring of the Freshwater-Saltwater Transition Zone","authors":"Frédérik Croteau,&nbsp;Cécile Coulon,&nbsp;John Molson,&nbsp;Jean-Michel Lemieux","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13465","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13465","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Deep monitoring wells with long screens crossing the transition zone between freshwater and saltwater are often used in coastal areas to characterize fresh groundwater resources and the depth of saline groundwater. However, past studies have demonstrated that long-screen wells can lead to biased observations of the transition zone, since vertical flow within the borehole can modify the shape and elevation of the transition zone in and around the borehole compared to undisturbed conditions without a well. Here, field observations and variable-density numerical flow simulations are used to evaluate, under natural flow conditions, how the installation of long-screen wells can provide time-varying biased observations of the freshwater-saltwater transition zone, and how various aquifer and well parameters affect the magnitude of these biases. Results show that long-screen wells can lead to a more dispersed interface, an upward displacement of the transition zone of between 5 and 10 m, and a salinity decrease in the saltwater portion of the well on the order of 10 to 15 g/L. The perturbations take up to 5 years to fully develop and stabilize. The degree of displacement depends on the screen diameter, screen length, aquifer anisotropy, and hydraulic conductivity, whereas the displacement is independent of the distance of the well from the coast. This analysis provides insight into which well and aquifer characteristics increase the risk of obtaining biased observations in long-screen wells, and provides orders of magnitude for these biases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 2","pages":"192-204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.13465","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater Ages in Intertill and Buried Valley Aquifers in Saskatchewan, Canada","authors":"Chandler Noyes,&nbsp;Jennifer C. McIntosh,&nbsp;Nicholas Dutka,&nbsp;Rebecca Tyne,&nbsp;Matthew B.J. Lindsay,&nbsp;Grant Ferguson","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13463","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13463","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Continental glaciations during the Pleistocene Epoch created complex systems of aquifers and aquitards across many northern regions of the Earth. The low hydraulic conductivities of glacial till aquitards suggest that limited recharge will reach the underlying aquifers, potentially preserving old groundwaters. Here, we characterize the recharge history in intertill and buried valley aquifers in Saskatchewan, Canada using ¹⁴C, ³H, ⁴He δ²H, δ¹⁸O, and major ions. Intertill aquifers with depths of &lt;30 m had corrected ¹⁴C ages ranging from 0 to 15.5 ka. These aquifers also contained ³H and/or elevated NO₃ in some locations, indicating that a component of modern recharge had mixed with older water. A single sample from the Judith River bedrock aquifer in the region had a corrected ¹⁴C age of 10.2 ka and elevated NO₃. Samples from buried valley aquifers with depths of 89 to 123 m contained older waters with ages &gt;38 ka in some locations, indicating that recharge occurred before the last glacial advance over the region. While measuring tracers that cover a wide range of ages is necessary to understand these flow systems, δ²H and δ¹⁸O were less diagnostic because values of modern winter precipitation overlapped with groundwaters with a wide range of ages. The range of ages present in the intertill aquifers of the region indicates that these systems are currently being recharged, which indicates some development of groundwater resources is possible but also points to a need for groundwater protection measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 2","pages":"160-174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.13463","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Society News","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13460","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13460","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.13460","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142924318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Reduced Order Model for Sea Water Intrusion Simulation Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition","authors":"Mohammadali Geranmehr,&nbsp;Domenico Bau,&nbsp;Alex S. Mayer,&nbsp;Weijiang Yu","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13462","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13462","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sea water intrusion (SWI) simulators are essential tools to assist the sustainable management of coastal aquifers. These simulators require the solution of coupled variable-density partial differential equations (PDEs), which reproduce the processes of groundwater flow and dissolved salt transport. The solution of these PDEs is typically addressed numerically with the use of density-dependent flow simulators, which are computationally intensive in most practical applications. To this end, model surrogates are generally developed as substitutes for full-scale aquifer models to trade off accuracy in exchange for computational efficiency. Surrogates represent an attractive option to support groundwater management situations in which fast simulators are required to evaluate large sets of alternative pumping strategies. Reduced-order models, a sub-category of surrogate models, are based on the original model equations and may provide quite accurate results at a small fraction of computational cost. In this study, a variable-density flow reduced-order model based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and utilizing a fully coupled flow and solute-transport model is implemented with a finite-difference (FD) approach for simulating SWI in coastal aquifers. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the FD-POD approach for both homogeneous and—more realistic—heterogeneous systems are investigated using test cases based on the classic Henry's problem (Henry 1964). The findings demonstrate that the combined FD-POD approach is effective in terms of both accuracy and computational gain and can accommodate the output of the most popular variable-density flow models, such as those from USGS's MODFLOW family.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 2","pages":"205-219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.13462","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying the Quadrant Method for Pumping-Trace Metal Correlations in Variable Time, Low-Data Systems","authors":"Zachary D. Tomlinson,&nbsp;Kato T. Dee,&nbsp;Megan E. Elwood Madden,&nbsp;Andrew S. Elwood Madden","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13458","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13458","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Due to increasing global demand for fresh water, it is increasingly necessary to understand how aquifer pumping affects groundwater chemistry. However, comprehensive predictive relationships between pumping and groundwater quality have yet to be developed, as the available data, which are often collected over inconsistent time intervals, are poorly suited for long-term historical correlation studies. For example, we needed an adequate statistical method to better understand relationships between pumping rate and water quality in the City of Norman (OK, USA). Here we used the interval-scaled change in mean pumping rate combined with the Quadrant method to examine correlations between pumping rates and changes in trace metal concentrations. We found that correlations vary across the study area and are likely dependent on a variety of factors specific to each well. Comparing the Quadrant method to the commonly used Kendall's tau correlation, which requires different assumptions about aquifer behavior, the methods produced similar correlations when sample sizes were large and the time interval between samples was relatively short. Sample sizes were then artificially restricted to determine correlation reproducibility. Despite being less reproducible overall, the Quadrant method was more reproducible when there were large time intervals between samples and very small sample sizes (<i>n</i> ~ 4), but not as reproducible as significant (p ≤ 0.1) Kendall's tau correlations. Therefore, the Quadrant method may be useful for further investigating the effects of pumping in cases where Kendall's tau does not produce significant correlations.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 2","pages":"256-264"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.13458","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Groundwater Carbon Mass Flux and the Myth of Atmospheric Weathering","authors":"Warren W. Wood,&nbsp;Ward E. Sanford,&nbsp;John A. Cherry,&nbsp;Warren T. Wood","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13457","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13457","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Our recent steady-state mass-balance modeling suggests that most global carbonic-acid weathering of silicate rocks occurs in the vadose zone of aquifer systems not on the surface by atmospheric CO₂. That is, the weathering solute flux is nearly equal to the total global continental riverine carbon flux, signifying little atmospheric weathering by carbonic acid. This finding challenges previous carbon models that utilize silicate weathering as a control of atmospheric CO₂ levels. A robust analysis utilizing global estimates of groundwater carbon concentration generated by a geospatial machine learning algorithm was coupled with recharge flux in a geographic information system environment to yield a total global groundwater carbon flux of between 0.87 and 0.96 Pg C/year to the surface environment. On discharging to the surface, the carbon is speciated between 0.01 and 0.11 Pg C/year as CaCO₃; 0.35 and 0.38 Pg C/year as CO₂ gas; and 0.49 and 0.51 Pg C/year as dissolved HCO₃⁻. This total weathering carbon flux was calculated for direct ocean discharge (0.030 Pg C/year); endorheic basins (0.046 Pg C/year); cold-wet exorheic basins (0.058 Pg C/year); warm-dry exorheic basins (0.072 Pg C/year); cold-dry exorheic basins (0.115 Pg C/year); and warm-wet exorheic basins (0.448 Pg C/year).</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 1","pages":"14-24"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11697531/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Bridging Additives on Wellbore Strengthening in Shallow Unconsolidated Formations","authors":"Alexis Koulidis,&nbsp;Tessel M. Grubben,&nbsp;Martin L. van der Schans,&nbsp;Martin Bloemendal,&nbsp;Philip J. Vardon","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13455","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13455","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drilling wells in unconsolidated formations is commonly undertaken to extract drinking water and other applications, such as aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES). To increase the efficiency of an ATES system, the drilling campaigns are targeting greater depths and enlarging the wellbore diameter in the production section to enhance the flow rates. In these cases, wells are more susceptible to collapse. Drilling fluids for shallow formations often have little strengthening properties and, due to single-string well design, come into contact with both the aquifer and the overburden. Drilling fluids and additives are experimentally investigated to be used to improve wellbore stability in conditions simulating field conditions in unconsolidated aquifers with a hydraulic conductivity of around 10 m/d. The impact on wellbore stability is evaluated using a new experimental setup in which the filtration rate is measured, followed by the use of a fall cone penetrometer augmented with an accelerometer to directly test the wellbore strengthening, and imaging with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to investigate the (micro)structure of the filter cakes produced. Twelve drilling fluids are investigated with different concentrations of bentonite, polyanionic cellulose (PAC), Xanthan Gum, calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), and aluminum chloride hexahydrate ([Al(H₂O)₆]Cl₃). The filtration results indicate that calcium carbonate, average <i>d</i>_<i>p</i> &lt;20 <i>μ</i>m, provides pore throat bridging and filter cake formation after approximately 2 min, compared to almost instantaneous discharge when using conventional drilling fluids. The drilling fluid containing 2% [Al(H₂O)₆]Cl₃ forms a thick (4 mm) yet permeable filter cake, resulting in high filtration losses. The fall cone results show a decrease of cone penetration depth up to 20.78%, and a 40.27% increase in deceleration time while penetrating the sample with CaCO₃ compared with conventional drilling fluid containing bentonite and PAC, indicating a significant strengthening effect. The drilling fluids that contain CaCO₃, therefore, show high promise for field implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 2","pages":"231-247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.13455","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}