Groundwater最新文献

{"title":"A Century (1906-2024) of Groundwater and Land Subsidence Studies in Greater Houston Region: A Review","authors":"Michael J. Turco,&nbsp;Ashley Greuter,&nbsp;Guoquan Wang","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70003","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Greater Houston region has undergone substantial land subsidence over the past century, with rapid subsidence occurring from the late 1940s to the 1970s and more controlled rates thereafter. The establishment of the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District (HGSD) in 1975 marked a pivotal milestone in subsidence management, primarily by regulating previously uncontrolled groundwater extraction. HGSD's success in reducing subsidence while simultaneously fostering robust economic growth in the Houston area inspired the creation of the Fort Bend Subsidence District (FBSD) in 1989. By 2024, significant subsidence (&gt;0.3 m from 1906 to 2024) had impacted an area of approximately 12,000 km², encompassing nearly all of Harris and Galveston Counties, as well as parts of the surrounding counties. This subsidence led to an irreversible loss of around 12 km³ of groundwater storage capacity—equivalent to 60 times the volume of Lake Houston, or roughly 8 years' worth of water usage for Harris and Galveston Counties as of 2023. About 65% of this loss occurred before HGSD regulations (1906-1978), 20% between 1979 and 2000, and 15% since 2001. Due to groundwater regulations, the extent of subsidence has decreased significantly since the 1990s. By the early 2020s, the areas experiencing subsidence rates exceeding 1 cm/year had decreased to 1500 km², roughly one-twentieth of the greater Houston region, with only 50 km² seeing rates above 2 cm/year. The highest current subsidence rate, approximately 3 cm/year since 2020, occurs in the Katy area, Fort Bend County. This review provides a comprehensive overview of land subsidence and groundwater level monitoring in the greater Houston region, highlighting regulatory developments, technological advancements, key research findings, and the continuing challenges of achieving sustainable groundwater management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 4","pages":"459-483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.70003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144602615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Aqueducts and Water Supply of Ancient Jerusalem","authors":"David Deming","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70000","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.70000","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Jerusalem, a city held sacred by three of the world's great religions, is located in a semi-arid climate, and its occupation through the millennia has only been made possible by the construction of an extensive and ingenious water supply infrastructure. The settlement of Jerusalem was first made possible by water from the Gihon Spring. Over the centuries, the inhabitants of Jerusalem added several pools and reservoirs to collect and store water. Nearly all buildings, both private and public, also had extensive storage capacity in the form of cisterns. To support a burgeoning population and pilgrim growth during the late Second Temple Period, four aqueducts were constructed to bring additional water into Jerusalem. Much work remains to identify, date, classify, and restore the ancient water works of this great city.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 4","pages":"649-660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.70000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Society News","authors":"Mike Price","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70001","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.70001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144328222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Differences of Groundwater Recovery in North China Plain Using GRACE and Well Data","authors":"Hao Zhang,&nbsp;Linsong Wang,&nbsp;Zhenran Peng,&nbsp;Linbing Hu","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13497","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13497","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The long-term depletion of groundwater storage (GWS) in the North China Plain (NCP) has recovered recently, but the spatiotemporal characteristics of this recovery and its driving factors are still unclear. For this study, we estimated the GWS in the NCP using data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and its Follow-On mission (GRACE-FO) and in situ well measurements. We quantified the spatiotemporal characteristics and the drivers for the transition from long-term GWS depletion to its rapid recovery in the NCP. To identify the turning point of the GWS recovery time, we used the Improved Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (ICEEMDAN) method combined with the Bayesian Estimator of Abrupt Change, Seasonality, and Trend (BEAST) algorithm. The result shows that the GWS recovery in the southern NCP (February 2020 to October 2020) occurred earlier than in the northern NCP (November 2020 to August 2021). The GWS recovery was detected 7 months earlier in in situ wells compared with satellite data. This discrepancy is attributable to the differences in the data resolution between the spatial and in situ well measurements, as well as the more drastic response of in situ wells to groundwater changes. Both precipitation and the South-to-North Water Diversion (SNWD) project affected GWS recovery, leading to the observed spatiotemporal differences. The contributions to annual GWS changes (i.e., annual ΔGWS) from climatic and human factors were further quantified. Our results indicate that climate was the dominant driver, accounting for 87.63% of the annual ΔGWS in the NCP, while human activities contributed 12.37%.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 4","pages":"506-521"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144268241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saline Groundwater for Aquaculture: An Expanding Hydrogeological and Hydrogeophysical Frontier","authors":"Barret L. Kurylyk","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13496","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13496","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Given the chronic and multi-faceted challenges of marine aquaculture, there is growing interest in land-based aquaculture supported by high-capacity saltwater wells. These wells can theoretically provide a stable, high-quality source of saline groundwater for aquaculture tanks. In this Issue Article, I focus on saltwater wells installed in the salt wedges of coastal aquifers and argue that these wells could benefit or harm local homeowners or municipalities relying on nearby freshwater wells. More research in the fields of hydrogeophysics and physical and contaminant hydrogeology is critically needed to better understand how high-capacity saltwater wells may impact coastal aquifers and groundwater-dependent communities. Such work is crucial for informing the development of scientifically based regulations for the management of these wells and related aquaculture operations. Appropriate regulations would protect coastal communities, ecosystems, and industrial operators from potentially negative impacts of saltwater wells and would help to maximize their potential benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 4","pages":"453-458"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.13496","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collaborative Science for Groundwater Biodiversity Conservation","authors":"Mattia Saccò,&nbsp;Xander Huggins,&nbsp;Alejandro Martínez,&nbsp;Robert Reinecke","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13495","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13495","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Lost in the alarm and broader narrative on global trends of biodiversity collapse, an ecosystem is silently vanishing under our feet: groundwater. “&lt;i&gt;Out-of-sight, out-of-mind&lt;/i&gt;” describes not only groundwater &lt;i&gt;the resource&lt;/i&gt;, but to even greater effect, groundwater &lt;i&gt;the ecosystem&lt;/i&gt;. That is, while groundwater is generally recognized as an invisible resource, it is rarely acknowledged or celebrated as an invisible habitat.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Depletion and quality degradation of groundwater ecosystems trigger impacts on diverse, highly specialized, and often locally endemic biota, ranging from microbes to cavefish. The extent to which groundwater ecosystems are threatened is alarming: underground biological extinction is already happening (Humphreys &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). The full breadth of this challenge is unknown, yet the large-scale and widespread depletion and quality degradation of groundwater would suggest that groundwater ecosystem collapse may be extensive and with concerning implications.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;First, all the essential services linked to the maintenance of a well-functioning groundwater ecosystem, such as contaminant degradation, oxygenation, and carbon turnover regulation, would be lost. Without those, groundwater quality is bound to degrade, leading to the potential proliferation of harmful viruses and bacteria. Furthermore, this impoverishment could cause detrimental cascade effects on the myriad of ecosystems that depend on groundwater, for example, rivers, lakes, grasslands, and forests. As climate change and aridification intensify, the reliance of these ecosystems on groundwater will inevitably increase, reinforcing the need for sustainable groundwater management policies and strategies (Gleeson et al. &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Multiple exciting recent developments have enabled a better understanding of groundwater ecosystems. The number of species documented in subterranean groundwater-dependent ecosystems is now almost 50,000 (Martinez et al. &lt;span&gt;2018&lt;/span&gt;), a number that far exceeds that of fish globally. These species deliver innumerable provisioning, regulation, and cultural ecosystem services below and above ground (Griebler and Avramov &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;). Simultaneously, the marked emergence of continental to global groundwater modeling in recent decades presents a particular opportunity to link groundwater dynamics and patterns of biodiversity with land use, climate, socioeconomic, and political change across broad contexts. In continuity with the concept of “ecohydrogeology” (Cantonati et al. &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;), we perceive a grand opportunity to better link the groundwater biology and hydrology communities and raise here the critical need to leverage such collaborations to enhance and empower groundwater ecosystem conservation and management. A handful of efforts to map terrestrial and aquatic groundwater-dependent ecosystems have emerged over recent years (Link et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;; Huggins et al. &lt;span&gt;2023a&lt;/sp","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 4","pages":"450-451"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.13495","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144236285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastic Pollution Characteristics and Risk Assessment in Groundwater of Chengdu, China","authors":"Juan Chen,&nbsp;Ping Wang,&nbsp;Pengjie Li,&nbsp;Xin Peng,&nbsp;Yong Chen,&nbsp;Xian Yong,&nbsp;Jing Huang,&nbsp;Yinger Deng","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13491","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13491","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Microplastic pollution has emerged as a critical issue within the global environmental landscape. Nevertheless, our understanding of the occurrence and distribution of microplastics in groundwater systems remains limited. In this study, we examined the contamination of microplastics in groundwater across Chengdu, located in western China. The findings revealed that the concentration of microplastics varied between 7.0 and 24.0 particles/L. Microplastics measuring less than 1000 μm in size constituted the majority, with granules and fragments being the main shapes. Furthermore, the predominant polymer types included polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), and polyamide (PA). The pollution load index showed that all groundwater monitoring stations were contaminated with microplastics. An assessment of the polymeric and pollution risks demonstrated a spectrum of variability, ranging from low- to high-risk levels. An increase in the abundance of microplastics and toxic polymers correlates with elevated potential ecological risk levels associated with these contaminants. This study provides novel insights into the contamination of microplastics in groundwater. The risk assessments establish a foundational baseline for future comprehensive evaluations and the formulation of effective strategies aimed at establishing groundwater quality criteria, as well as pollution control and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 4","pages":"636-648"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemistry at a Karst Spring Reveals Complex Stormflow Dynamics in an Eogenetic Karst Aquifer","authors":"Patricia Spellman,&nbsp;Andrea Pain,&nbsp;Sunhye Kim,&nbsp;Mahnoor Kamal","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13492","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13492","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Floridan Aquifer System (FAS) is a triple porosity, eogenetic karst aquifer that contains extensive phreatic cave networks embedded in a high permeability carbonate matrix. These unique characteristics create complex flow dynamics that impact residence time distributions within the FAS, which are important to constrain for implementing effective water resource strategies. The impacts of eogenetic karst characteristics on seasonal and longer term hydrological dynamics have been previously evaluated; however, stormflow remains understudied. Our study explores stormflow dynamics at a karst spring in the eogenetic FAS after major Hurricane Idalia made landfall in August 2023. We analyze data from in-situ sensors that collect NO₃-N, specific conductance, and discharge at 15-min intervals to capture potentially small changes in chemistry that could be significant. We coupled the sensor data with grab sample collection of water isotopes and major element chemistry to provide additional details on the stormflow dynamics. Our results show at least two stormflow pulses as evidenced by changes in NO₃-N and confirmed geochemically; albeit the absolute changes in NO₃-N for both stormflow pulses were small (&lt;0.005 mmol). One stormflow pulse was diluted with respect to NO₃-N while the other mobilized NO₃-N. The stormflow pulse that is associated with mobilized NO₃-N was detected for at least 19 days after the rain began from Idalia, indicating long residence times before evacuation from the cave system. Both of the detected stormflow pulses were superimposed on seasonal trends in NO₃-N that are known to occur, whereby it appears storms could amplify NO₃-N seasonal effects. Our results have implications for understanding complex residence times in eogenetic karst aquifers and highlight the influence of the carbonate bedrock matrix on stormflow through the FAS.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 4","pages":"522-537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydraulic Response to Sea Level Rise in a Coastal Aquifer Extending under the Sea with a Cut-off Wall","authors":"Sihai Wang,&nbsp;Jin Xu,&nbsp;Wenfan Zhang,&nbsp;Zhenghang Yi,&nbsp;Hao Chen","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13494","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13494","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Seawater intrusion can cause the freshwater-saltwater interface to move inland toward coastal freshwater aquifers. Sea level rise has become a significant driver of this phenomenon. Installing cut-off walls along coastal aquifers is an effective engineering measure to mitigate seawater intrusion. However, most analyses of groundwater flow under sea level rise, particularly with cut-off walls, primarily rely on numerical methods, with limited analytical approaches available. In this study, we developed mathematical models for groundwater flow induced by sea level rise, dividing the coastal aquifer into offshore and inland regions along the cut-off wall. An unknown flow function was introduced as a boundary condition at the shared boundary. Using homogenization and the finite Fourier transform method, we derived analytical solutions for the two regions separately. A global coupling solution, achieving hydraulic continuity between the two regions, was obtained by applying the collocation method at the shared boundary. The validity of the solution was confirmed through comparisons with finite difference numerical simulations. Furthermore, we analyzed the impacts of factors such as sea level rise amplitude and cut-off wall embedment depth on hydraulic changes. The results indicate that increases in the amplitude of sea level rise significantly amplify hydraulic head changes in the inland aquifers, while deeper embedment of the cut-off wall enhances its effectiveness in preventing seawater intrusion. However, the model does not consider density differences between freshwater and saltwater or the dynamics of the saltwater-freshwater interface.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 4","pages":"570-579"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Prediction Modeling of Geogenic Chromium in Groundwater Using Soft Computing Techniques","authors":"Ata Joodavi,&nbsp;Hadi Sanikhani,&nbsp;Maysam Majidi,&nbsp;Parasto Baghbanan","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13488","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13488","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The presence of chromium (Cr) in groundwater poses a significant threat to human health. However, the lack of testing in many wells suggests that the severity of this issue may be underestimated. In this study, various predictive models, including soft computing techniques such as gene expression programming (GEP), artificial neural networks (ANN), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and the M5 Tree model, along with random forest (RF) and multiple linear regression (MLR), were employed to estimate geogenic Cr concentrations in groundwater based on geological and geochemical parameters in northeastern Iran. A dataset of 676 Cr concentration measurements was used to train and evaluate the models. Among the methods tested, ANN demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy, followed closely by RF, which provided competitive results. GEP and MARS also showed reasonable performance, while MLR exhibited the weakest accuracy, highlighting the limitations of linear models in addressing complex geochemical processes. The ANN model identified over 600,000 individuals in the central and western regions of the study area as being at significant risk of geogenic Cr contamination in groundwater. The findings underscore the potential of advanced predictive models in groundwater quality management and their applicability in other regions with similar challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 4","pages":"538-550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144060612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}