Groundwater最新文献

{"title":"From stoning to building: How to energize science meetings","authors":"Barbara J.\u0000 Bickford","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13471","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13471","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Most groundwater professionals attend one or more regional or national conferences each year. At these meetings, we hope to move science forward by sharing research, exchanging ideas, and gaining allies in scientific pursuits with other scientists, practitioners, policymakers, funders, and the public.</p><p>But many science meetings fail to meet these aspirations. They overwhelm, confuse, and isolate participants. They prioritize the consumption of information over conversation, and that inhibits the collaborative scientific process.</p><p>Everyone can advance science by improving science meetings. Let's start with the presenters.</p><p>In 1985, Dr. Jay Lehr wrote an editorial in <i>Groundwater</i> entitled “Let there be stoning” (Lehr <span>1985</span>). In it, Dr. Lehr criticized scientists who subject their listeners to boring presentations. He accused them of being arrogant, thoughtless, insulting, and other derogatory adjectives.</p><p>Dr. Lehr's complaints are still valid. Many scientists give too much information or fail to provide enough narrative structure to help listeners understand the topic (Olson <span>2015</span>). The result? Boring presentations and confused listeners.</p><p>Now, I don't believe most scientists are purposely giving terrible presentations; perhaps they just don't know how to create truly engaging ones.</p><p>Fortunately, besides threats of public humiliation, Dr. Lehr offered timeless practical guidance, ranging from designing slides to enthusiastically connecting with the audience. I suggest that anyone planning to present at a professional conference read Lehr's editorial and take it to heart.</p><p>Conferences are meetings, and meetings are where people meet, or hope to. But the structure of traditional science meetings can inhibit meaningful connections. Food, name tags, and poster sessions can help people meet, but they are not enough.</p><p>As a result, instead of meeting new people and discussing science, we may create needed downtime for ourselves with our friends or phones.</p><p>I could throw stones at meeting planners for these structural shortcomings, but as one living in a proverbial glass house, it is more constructive to share ideas that work. At a recent 3-day science meeting, the sponsors and I prioritized connection and conversation in three ways:</p><p>First, to initiate connections immediately, we began Day 1 with two rounds of introductions around tables of eight, where participants shared their names, how they got there, what they wanted to happen, and what they had to offer (Segar <span>2009</span>, <span>2015</span>). Table leaders promoted conciseness by limiting each introduction to 90 s.</p><p>Our one-hour investment in personal introductions paid off. Everyone felt heard and connected. The resulting palpable energy and eagerness to talk lasted all 3 days. Around 30 of the 108 participants stayed for up to 2 h after the meeting ended, just to continue talking!</p><p>Even in large conf","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 2","pages":"140-141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.13471","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143461161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Groundwater Energy Transport Model for the MODFLOW Hydrologic Simulator","authors":"Eric D. Morway,&nbsp;Alden M. Provost,&nbsp;Christian D. Langevin,&nbsp;Joseph D. Hughes,&nbsp;Martijn J. Russcher,&nbsp;Chieh-Ying Chen,&nbsp;Yu-Feng F. Lin","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13470","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13470","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Heat transport in the subsurface is an important aspect of research related to the effects of a warming climate on ecological services (i.e., cold-water refugia); the development of geothermal resources for energy banking schemes (i.e., aquifer thermal energy storage [ATES]); and the effects of temperature on other aspects of groundwater quality, such as nutrient cycling. Historically, simulation of heat transport using the MODFLOW groundwater simulator and related codes was performed by scaling the input parameters of a solute-transport model to emulate heat transport. However, that approach required additional pre- and post-processing of input and output and could not account for the variation in effective thermal storage and transport properties during transient, unsaturated flow, for example. True heat-transport capabilities in the context of MODFLOW were first introduced in a variant called USG-Transport. More recently, a new groundwater energy-transport (GWE) model type has been added to MODFLOW 6, the core version of the MODFLOW hydrologic simulator. GWE supports the simulation of heat transport on structured or unstructured grids as well as within and between features of advanced packages that represent streams, lakes, multi-aquifer wells, and the unsaturated zone. GWE is integrated within MODFLOW 6 and is accessible through the FloPy Python package and the MODFLOW 6 application programming interface (API). An example simulation demonstrates conduction between grid cells through both the water and the solid aquifer material, including thermal bleeding from saturated overburden cells into a groundwater flow field.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 3","pages":"409-421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.13470","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Irrigation: A Shift From Conventional to Solar Tube-Wells","authors":"Asim Khan,&nbsp;Israr Ahmed,&nbsp;Syed Mohammad Khair","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13469","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13469","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the factors influencing the adoption of solar tube well technology for groundwater extraction in the agriculture sector, focusing on the Balochistan region of Pakistan. Water scarcity is a major challenge in this region due to declining groundwater level and unreliable power supplies. The study uses a binary logit regression model to analyze the factors that determine the adoption of solar tube wells by farmers. The study took into account variables such as age, education level of household head and access to credit, farmers' perception of groundwater depletion, number of hours of tube well operation, and cost of adopting solar technology. The results indicate that education level and experience positively influence farmers' ability to use solar tube wells. Education provides farmers with the knowledge to understand modern farming methods and the benefits of solar technology. In addition, the cost-effectiveness and increased operating hours of solar tube wells contribute significantly to their adoption. Farmers' concerns about greater groundwater depletion also influenced their decisions, with those seeing groundwater decline more likely to adopt solar technology. The results also suggest that policies that promote access to credit and reduce the initial cost of solar tube well adoption can further encourage farmer's adoption decision.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 3","pages":"326-334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"R.W. Gillham and the Role of Capillary Fringe Processes in Shallow Aquifer Behavior","authors":"John Vogan,&nbsp;Steve Shikaze,&nbsp;Kristian Doerken","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13468","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13468","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 2","pages":"291-294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Long Well Screens on Monitoring of the Freshwater-Saltwater Transition Zone","authors":"Frédérik Croteau,&nbsp;Cécile Coulon,&nbsp;John Molson,&nbsp;Jean-Michel Lemieux","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13465","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13465","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Deep monitoring wells with long screens crossing the transition zone between freshwater and saltwater are often used in coastal areas to characterize fresh groundwater resources and the depth of saline groundwater. However, past studies have demonstrated that long-screen wells can lead to biased observations of the transition zone, since vertical flow within the borehole can modify the shape and elevation of the transition zone in and around the borehole compared to undisturbed conditions without a well. Here, field observations and variable-density numerical flow simulations are used to evaluate, under natural flow conditions, how the installation of long-screen wells can provide time-varying biased observations of the freshwater-saltwater transition zone, and how various aquifer and well parameters affect the magnitude of these biases. Results show that long-screen wells can lead to a more dispersed interface, an upward displacement of the transition zone of between 5 and 10 m, and a salinity decrease in the saltwater portion of the well on the order of 10 to 15 g/L. The perturbations take up to 5 years to fully develop and stabilize. The degree of displacement depends on the screen diameter, screen length, aquifer anisotropy, and hydraulic conductivity, whereas the displacement is independent of the distance of the well from the coast. This analysis provides insight into which well and aquifer characteristics increase the risk of obtaining biased observations in long-screen wells, and provides orders of magnitude for these biases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 2","pages":"192-204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.13465","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143034882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissolved Inorganic Carbon Evolution of Sediment Porewater in the Huixian Wetland, Southwest China","authors":"Jing Li,&nbsp;Xiaodong Pan,&nbsp;Huanxiong Chen,&nbsp;Congming Huang,&nbsp;Ruirui Cheng","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13466","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13466","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wetlands, as crucial terrestrial carbon reservoirs, have recently suffered severe degradation due to intense human activities. Lacustrine sediments serve as vital indicators for understanding wetland environmental changes. In the current paper, porewater samples were extracted from lacustrine sediment in three boreholes with a depth of ~75 cm in the Huixian karst wetland, southwest China, to study the chemical and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) evolution under anthropogenic influence. Two boreholes are situated beneath the Mudong Lake, while the other one is in the degraded wetland area. The results show that porewater in the central region of Mudong Lake is natural HCO₃–Ca type water and recharged by karst groundwater as evidenced by depleted ²H -¹⁸O isotopes. Methanogenesis prevails in this area, suggested by positive δ¹³C values ranging from 4.29‰ to 7.05‰. However, shallow porewater at the western edge of Mudong Lake and porewater in the degraded wetland exhibit significantly higher concentrations of NO₃⁻ and SO₄²⁻, resulting from the agricultural input and recharged groundwater influenced by oxidation of pyrite. These processes lead to a decrease in methane production and generate DIC through degradation of organic fertilizer and carbonate weathering by sulfuric acid, thereby significantly altering porewater δ¹³C values. Two types of DIC mixing processes were observed based on the increasing δ¹³C values with depth, which can be attributed to the unique karst groundwater subsystems. This work highlights the potential impact of human-induced porewater chemical variations on the fate of DIC, particularly in karst wetland environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 3","pages":"433-446"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurate Simulation of Flow through Dipping Aquifers with MODFLOW 6 Using Enhanced Cell Connectivity","authors":"Alden M. Provost,&nbsp;Kerry Bardot,&nbsp;Christian D. Langevin,&nbsp;James L. McCallum","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13459","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13459","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In simulations of groundwater flow through dipping aquifers, layers of model cells are often “deformed” to follow the top and bottom elevations of the aquifers. When this approach is used in MODFLOW, adjacent cells within the same model layer are vertically offset from one another, and the standard conductance-based (two-point) formulation for flow between cells does not rigorously account for these offsets. The XT3D multi-point flow formulation in MODFLOW 6 is designed to account for geometric irregularities in the grid, including vertical offsets, and to provide accurate results for both isotropic and anisotropic groundwater flow. A recent study evaluated the performance of the standard formulation and XT3D using a simple, synthetic benchmark model of a steeply dipping aquifer. Although XT3D generally improved the accuracy of flow simulations relative to the standard formulation as expected, neither formulation produced accurate flows in cases that involved large vertical offsets. In this paper, we explain that the inability of XT3D to produce accurate flows in the steeply dipping aquifer benchmark was not due to an inherent limitation of the flow formulation, but rather to the limited cell connectivity inherent in the most commonly used discretization packages in MODFLOW 6. Furthermore, we demonstrate that XT3D is able to produce the expected accuracy when adequate cell connectivity is introduced using MODFLOW's unstructured grid type and the aquifer is discretized vertically using at least two model layers.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 3","pages":"399-408"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.13459","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater Ages in Intertill and Buried Valley Aquifers in Saskatchewan, Canada","authors":"Chandler Noyes,&nbsp;Jennifer C. McIntosh,&nbsp;Nicholas Dutka,&nbsp;Rebecca Tyne,&nbsp;Matthew B.J. Lindsay,&nbsp;Grant Ferguson","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13463","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13463","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Continental glaciations during the Pleistocene Epoch created complex systems of aquifers and aquitards across many northern regions of the Earth. The low hydraulic conductivities of glacial till aquitards suggest that limited recharge will reach the underlying aquifers, potentially preserving old groundwaters. Here, we characterize the recharge history in intertill and buried valley aquifers in Saskatchewan, Canada using ¹⁴C, ³H, ⁴He δ²H, δ¹⁸O, and major ions. Intertill aquifers with depths of &lt;30 m had corrected ¹⁴C ages ranging from 0 to 15.5 ka. These aquifers also contained ³H and/or elevated NO₃ in some locations, indicating that a component of modern recharge had mixed with older water. A single sample from the Judith River bedrock aquifer in the region had a corrected ¹⁴C age of 10.2 ka and elevated NO₃. Samples from buried valley aquifers with depths of 89 to 123 m contained older waters with ages &gt;38 ka in some locations, indicating that recharge occurred before the last glacial advance over the region. While measuring tracers that cover a wide range of ages is necessary to understand these flow systems, δ²H and δ¹⁸O were less diagnostic because values of modern winter precipitation overlapped with groundwaters with a wide range of ages. The range of ages present in the intertill aquifers of the region indicates that these systems are currently being recharged, which indicates some development of groundwater resources is possible but also points to a need for groundwater protection measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 2","pages":"160-174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.13463","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142934218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Society News","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13460","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13460","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 1","pages":"6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.13460","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142924318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying 224Ra and 223Ra to Trace Lateral Groundwater Discharge into Lake Qinghai, China","authors":"Weigang Su,&nbsp;Yujun Ma,&nbsp;Qiugui Wang","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13461","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13461","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quantifying lacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) is important for understanding the dynamics of lake ecosystems and their expansion. This study focuses on Lake Qinghai, employing radium isotope models to evaluate the contributions of both shallow and deep groundwater. The data indicate that the activity of ²²³Ra and ²²⁴Ra demonstrates a pronounced gradient, decreasing from the shoreline to the center of Lake Qinghai. Additionally, vertical stratification characteristics were observed. The spatial distribution of radium isotope activity suggests that there is discharge of both shallow and deep groundwater into the lake. Deep groundwater migrates slowly and its apparent age reflects the time elapsed since the water became enriched in Ra and was isolated from the source, in the study system this age is estimated to be 10.1 d. In contrast, shallow groundwater displayed varied apparent ages in different regions: 7.9 d in the north, 13.1 d in the south, and 7.4 d in the southeastern area of the lake. The LGDs of shallow groundwater discharge in the north, south, and southeast areas of Lake Qinghai were estimated by ²²⁴Ra as 1.89 × 10⁶ to 2.69 × 10⁶ m³/d, 3.25 × 10⁶ to 3.99 × 10⁶ m³/d, and 4.51 × 10⁶ to 6.33 × 10⁶ m³/d, respectively. For deep groundwater, the LGD was 0.16 × 10⁶ to 0.29 × 10⁶ m³/d. Annually, the total LGD fluxes of shallow and deep groundwater are 27.86 × 10⁸ to 37.59 × 10⁸ m³/year and 0.58 × 10⁸ to 1.06 × 10⁸ m³/year, respectively. This study is the first to evaluate shallow and deep groundwater discharge around the lake. Understanding these discharge dynamics is essential for developing effective management strategies to preserve lake environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"63 3","pages":"422-432"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142908013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}