Groundwater最新文献

{"title":"A Hydrogeological Genealogy: The Origins of the Surnames Groundwater, Wells, Spring, and Fountain","authors":"Jiu J. Jiao","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70057","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.70057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"64 2","pages":"243-246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146260503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multi-Conceptual Model Approach to Untangling the MADE Experiment","authors":"Joost C. Herweijer,&nbsp;Steven C. Young,&nbsp;Phil Hayes,&nbsp;Okke Batelaan","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70049","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Macrodispersion Experiment (MADE) at Columbus Air Force Base (MS, USA) was initiated in the mid-1980s and aimed to study solute transport in highly heterogeneous porous media by conducting large-scale natural-gradient tracer experiments. A review of the original field tracer experiments reveals several issues that were not addressed in most modeling efforts. These issues include: non-stationary flow; significant questions regarding the reliability of reported hydraulic conductivity values; a significant mass imbalance (23–50%) between the injected and observed tracer; a three-dimensional architecture based on sedimentological information; and vertical hydraulic head gradients. This paper demonstrates how these issues can be integrated into a knowledge framework that systematically assesses the knowns, unknowns, and confidence levels. Using the knowledge framework, we generate a set of multi-conceptual models as a way forward for a holistic approach for an improved understanding of the processes that affect the interpretation of measured tracer concentrations at the MADE site. Our purpose for applying the workflow at the MADE site is twofold. First, to provide a constructive dialogue towards untangling several unresolved issues associated with modeling the MADE tracer experiments. Second, to illustrate how the application of a knowledge framework coupled with multi-conceptual models can support a holistic approach for understanding flow and transport at highly heterogeneous sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"64 2","pages":"130-147"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12990960/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147373725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Society News","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.70056","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"64 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147566040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Society News","authors":"Mike Price","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70043","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.70043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146140054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Geology of Aquitards in Alluvial Aquifers: A Predictive Approach Based on Facies Models","authors":"Michael R. Shultz,&nbsp;Colin Plank","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70048","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A sophisticated understanding of the three-dimensional distribution of silt- and clay-rich bodies of strata (elements) in aquifers is critical given that they not only have the potential to act as aquitards or semi-confining units and vertically partition groundwater flow into separate aquifer zones, but also provide lateral barriers to groundwater flow, impacting contaminant distribution and groundwater flow dynamics. Additionally, when in prolonged contact with dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) or contaminated groundwater, fine-grained elements may become storage zones for contaminant mass via matrix diffusion and thus serve as long-term secondary sources of contamination to groundwater that can confound remediation strategies and render remedy performance projections unreliable. The stratigraphic architecture of aquifer systems, including fine-grained facies architecture, is complex but is not random and can be effectively predicted through application of facies models. This paper reviews depositional models (“facies models”) for common depositional environments with a focus on alluvial end-members of braided fluvial, meandering fluvial, and alluvial fan facies models. We examine the facies models from the perspective of aquitards and present case studies to provide an overview of the expected aquitard dimensions and characteristics. The critical yet underappreciated role of the paleosol as a potential aquitard is also examined, and basic criteria for differentiating ancient floodplain clay units with high lateral continuity from other laterally discontinuous clay units are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"64 1","pages":"30-40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12857526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146055704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater Transport in a Glaciomarine Aquitard: Paleosalinity and Landslide Implications","authors":"M. J. Hinton,&nbsp;S. Alpay,&nbsp;H. L. Crow","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70045","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Leaching of marine salinity in the porewater of glaciomarine muds is one precursor to landslide hazard. In this study, groundwater modeling is used to quantify vertical groundwater flow, constrain paleosalinity, and characterize past and future progression of leaching with depth in Champlain Sea sediments. The Breckenridge Creek site, ~15 km northwest of Ottawa, Canada, was cored within a thick sequence (up to 98 m) of Champlain Sea muds that form a regional aquitard in the St. Lawrence Lowlands and Ottawa Valley. Porewater chloride concentrations ([Cl]), up to 12,250 mg/kg, and δ¹⁸O as high as −7.18‰, indicate remnant seawater. One-dimensional groundwater transport modeling simulates porewater [Cl] and δ¹⁸O with depth simultaneously and constrains specific discharge, q, from 2.40 to 2.51 mm/a. Groundwater transport modeling and three-component mixing of seawater, glacial meltwater and meteoric water constrain the range of initial [Cl] between 14,000 and 15,700 mg/kg (72–80% seawater) and initial δ¹⁸O between −5.99 and −5.61‰. The glacial meltwater component of Champlain Sea bottom waters at the Breckenridge site has a maximum δ¹⁸O value of −22.4‰. Downward leaching to the salinity threshold of &lt;2 g/L for geotechnical sensitivity development reached a depth of 20.6 m. Modeling indicates the leaching front currently progresses at a rate of 2.5 m/1000 years, slower than advection of freshwater infiltration because of upward diffusion and dispersion of marine solutes. Notably for landslide hazard, the highest measurements of geotechnical sensitivity coincide with the leached zone.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"64 1","pages":"49-63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12857530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation Method for Variable Permeability of Delay Interbed Based on Stress Variation Principle","authors":"Shangqi Han,&nbsp;Chuiyu Lu,&nbsp;Wen Lu,&nbsp;Qingyan Sun,&nbsp;Chu Wu","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70039","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.70039","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The compaction simulation of compressible delay interbed is an important part of land subsidence simulation. Currently, the most widely used MODFLOW software has two modules, SUB and CSUB, both of which can simulate compressible delay interbed. The difference lies in that the head diffusion equation of the SUB module is based on the principle of head change, while CSUB can use either head change or geological stress variation principles. When based on the principle of geostress variation, the CSUB method is more physically reasonable. However, its limitation lies in the fact that, when solving the diffusion equation for compressible delay interbeds, it does not account for the effects of variations in the discrete nodal cell thickness and hydraulic conductivity of the interbed. This study improves the solution method for the head diffusion equation of compressible delay interbeds based on the principle of geostress variation. The Kozeny–Carman equation was introduced to establish a relationship between the hydraulic conductivity and porosity of the interbeds, while variations in the thickness of discrete nodal cells were also incorporated into the solution process. Collectively, these improvements lead to a more rigorous approach. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed simulation method, three representative test cases were developed and comprehensively compared with the CSUB results. The results indicate that notable discrepancies emerge between the two approaches when the interbed undergoes substantial compression, whereas the method proposed in this study effectively prevents the occurrence of “overcompaction” within the interbed.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"64 1","pages":"90-102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145901950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aquitards in Groundwater Systems: Groundwater Special Issue","authors":"Madeline Gotkowitz,&nbsp;David Hart","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70044","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.70044","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Low-permeability geologic layers within groundwater systems, commonly referred to as aquitards or confining layers, are important controls of groundwater flow. Aquitards generally restrict groundwater flow and, importantly, can limit contaminant migration to adjacent aquifers. However, they are rarely spatially uniform or isotropic, varying in thickness and lithologic composition. At regional scales, most aquitards contain some type of heterogeneity, such as fractures or erosional windows, that affect groundwater flow and contaminant transport. Many groundwater investigations focus on aquifers, while the physical and chemical characteristics of aquitards, and their role in flow systems, may be over-simplified. Aquitards add complexity to almost all aspects of flow and transport in groundwater systems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This &lt;i&gt;Groundwater&lt;/i&gt; special issue, Aquitards in Groundwater Systems, has its roots in a recent Geological Society of America conference. A hydrogeology session included a presentation that referenced “aquifers, aquitards and aquitardifers,” which induced giggles from some audience members and affirming head nods from others. The diversity of listener reactions suggested an opportunity to pursue a compilation of topical papers that span the current breadth and depth of aquitard studies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this issue, Runkel and Meyer take on the hydrogeologic lexicon with formal introduction of “aquitardifer.” The term encompasses the anisotropy they document within low-conductivity formations. Such anisotropy can lead to restriction of flow in one direction while providing transmissivity in other directions. This explains production wells that are successfully completed in formations generally characterized as confining units. By explicitly identifying significant anisotropy in low-permeability sedimentary units, Runkel and Meyer advance the field of aquitard science.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aquitard science is not consistently integrated within hydrogeologic curriculum, and students may not be prepared to recognize flow systems where aquitards play a significant role. Meyer and others discuss teaching activities (lab exercises and field measurements) that help students develop understanding and intuition of the role aquitards play in flow systems.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Methods to investigate and characterize aquifer heterogeneity are plentiful in the scientific literature but are not yet fully explored within the realm of aquitards. Van Leer and others model hydraulic response to pumping in an idealized, layered system of aquitards and aquifers. By illustrating key principles in pumping test design, they inform our understanding of drawdown in a heterogeneous aquitard.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The mechanical properties of aquitards can also present challenges. Hinton and others look at the increasing risk of landslides as the geochemistry of a marine clay aquitard is altered, from the initial mix of glacial and seawater pore fluids, by modern-day recharge. The change in pore fluid reduces the stre","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"64 1","pages":"4-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ngwa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.70044","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145835544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Teaching Aquitard Concepts With Field-Based High-Resolution Head Profile Learning Activities","authors":"Jessica R. Meyer,&nbsp;Stephanie Tassier-Surine,&nbsp;Bradley Cramer","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70042","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Aquitards play critical roles in a variety of hydrogeologic processes. Despite their importance, coverage of aquitards in introductory hydrogeology textbooks is generally limited. This paper provides examples of classroom and field activities designed with an aquitard focus for instructors wishing to supplement textbook content. These activities emphasize high-resolution head profiles. Examining head profiles prompts students to think about how aquitards influence head with depth and conversely how these plots can be used to delineate and characterize aquitards. During a classroom activity, students explore the connection between changes in vertical gradient and changes in hydraulic conductivity by sketching conceptual head profiles based on given boundary conditions and several aquifer/aquitard scenarios. In a companion field exercise, students measure high-resolution head profiles using CMT multilevel systems at an outdoor learning laboratory. Students compare the high-resolution head profiles to lower resolution profiles they obtain from clusters of conventional wells. The field exercise provides students with a tactile experience that can help build intuition for vertical head changes, practice interpreting aquitards from head profiles, and an example of how lower resolution head profiles may create uncertainty in aquitard delineation and vertical gradient estimates. A paleosol at the site forms a prominent aquitard providing a unique basis for discussions about the geology of aquitards and characteristics influencing aquitard integrity. Regardless of the approach used, incorporating more aquitard content into hydrogeology courses at all levels will be beneficial for future hydrogeologists tackling a range of issues from sustainable water supplies to waste disposal.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"64 1","pages":"21-29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12857529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145764625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basic Hydrogeology: An Introduction to the Fundamentals of Groundwater Science","authors":"Rachel Rotz","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70040","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.70040","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"64 1","pages":"7-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146136182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}