Groundwater最新文献

{"title":"Groundwater Contamination in Arid Coastal Areas: Qatar as a Case Study","authors":"Basem Shomar,&nbsp;Rajendran Sankaran","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13411","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13411","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Arab region is located in an arid environment and suffers from water scarcity and poor water quality which are expected to become more severe in coming years due to global warming. In this study, the groundwater quality of 205 wells in Qatar was investigated. The physical parameters of pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), salinity, inorganic carbon (IC), and organic carbon (OC) were determined. The study characterized the concentrations of major anions of Cl, F, Br, NO₃, PO₄, and SO₄, and major cations of Ca, K, Mg, and Na. Importantly, metals and metalloids including V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Mo, Cd, Ba, Pb, and U were determined. The results revealed that the groundwater of all wells is not drinkable due to high salinity (average TDS 4598 mg/L and salinity 0.4%, respectively). Additionally, average concentrations of major anions Cl, SO₄, and F were 1472, 1064, and 1.9 mg/L, respectively, and all exceed the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water. However, NO₃ concentration in 11 out of 205 wells was above the WHO guidelines of 50 mg/L due to intensive agriculture and fertilizer applications. Major cations of Ca, K, Mg, and Na were higher than WHO guidelines with average concentrations of 345, 63, 127, and 923 mg/L, respectively. All trace metals were much lower than the WHO guidelines for drinking water; however, the vanadium (V) average concentration in groundwater of all wells was 31 μg/L, which is five times higher than the Dutch guidelines (whereas the WHO has no guidelines for V). The groundwater of Qatar is dominated by Ca and Mg sulfates in Sabkha environments and dominated by NaCl in the coastal zones from evaporate environments consisting of coastal salt flats, salt pans, estuaries, and lagoons supersaturated by salts and the influence of sea water intrusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"62 6","pages":"847-859"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140690528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noble Gas Analyses to Distinguish Between Surface and Subsurface Brine Releases at a Legacy Oil Site","authors":"Daniel C. Segal,&nbsp;Ate Visser,&nbsp;Cas Bridge","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13412","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13412","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Attributing the sources of legacy contamination, including brines, is important to determine remediation options and to allocate responsibility. To make sound remediation decisions, it is necessary to distinguish subsurface sources, such as leaking oil and gas (“O&amp;G”) wells or natural upward fluid migrations, from surface releases. While chemical signatures of surface and subsurface releases may be similar, they are expected to imprint specific dissolved noble gas signatures, caused by the accumulation of terrigenic noble gases in subsurface leaks or re-equilibration of noble gases following surface releases. We demonstrate that only a historic surface release influenced the dissolved noble gas signature of groundwater in monitoring wells contaminated with brine near an abandoned O&amp;G well, rather than subsurface leakage from the well. Elevated brine concentrations were associated with lower terrigenic helium concentrations, indicating re-equilibration with atmospheric helium at the surface during the release. Geophysical surveying indicating elevated salinity in surficial soils upgradient of the wells further supported the interpretation of the noble gas data. Eliminating the possibility that subsurface leakage was the source of the plume was critical to selecting the proper remedial action at the site, which otherwise may have included an unnecessary and costly well re-abandonment. This study demonstrates the use of noble gas analysis to compare potential sources of brine contamination in groundwater and to exclude subsurface leakage as a potential source in an oilfield.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"62 4","pages":"645-655"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.13412","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140580859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time Series Analysis of Nonlinear Head Dynamics Using Synthetic Data Generated with a Variably Saturated Model","authors":"Martin A. Vonk,&nbsp;Raoul A. Collenteur,&nbsp;Sorab Panday,&nbsp;Frans Schaars,&nbsp;Mark Bakker","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13403","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13403","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The performance of time series models is assessed using synthetic head series simulated with a numerical model that solves Richards' equation for variably saturated flow. Heads were simulated in a homogeneous unconfined aquifer between two parallel canals; measured daily precipitation and potential evaporation are specified at the land surface and root water uptake is simulated. The head response to a precipitation event is nonlinear and depends on the saturation degree and rainfall before and after the precipitation event while evaporation reduction occurs during summers. Synthetic series were generated for 27 years and three different soil types; the unsaturated zone thickness varies between 0 and &gt;5 m. The synthetic head series were simulated with a linear and nonlinear time series model. Performance of a linear time series model with four parameters, using a scaled Gamma response, gave <i>R</i>² values ranging from 0.67 to 0.96. The nonlinear time series model with five parameters simulates recharge using a root zone reservoir after which the head response to recharge is simulated with a scaled Gamma response function. The nonlinear time series model was able to simulate all synthetic head series very well with <i>R</i>² values above 0.9 for almost all models. The head response of the nonlinear model to a single precipitation event compares well to the response of the variably saturated groundwater model. The provided scripts may be used to simulate synthetic head series for other climates or for systems with additional complexity to assess the performance of other data-driven models.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"62 5","pages":"748-760"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.13403","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140580970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring Groundwater Health Using Citizen Scientists in Semi-Arid Regional Australia","authors":"Kathryn L. Korbel,&nbsp;Grant C. Hose","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13407","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13407","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Citizen science (CS) around the world is undergoing a resurgence, potentially due to the utilization of new technologies and methods to capture information, such as data and photo entry via mobile phone apps. CS has been used in aquatic ecology for several decades, however the use of volunteers to collect data in groundwaters has rarely occurred. Groundwater research, particularly groundwater ecosystems, is unevenly distributed across the world, limiting our knowledge of these ecosystems and their functions. Here, we engaged six volunteer farmers in semi-arid region of north-western New South Wales, Australia to participate in an assessment of groundwater health using privately owned wells. Volunteers were supplied with sampling kits and instructions on sampling methods. Data retrieved indicated the health of the groundwater ecosystems, simultaneously providing information on water quality and groundwater biota present within the farm aquifers. Diverse stygofauna were collected from the trial, which reflected historical records of stygofauna within the same catchment indicating the viability of using citizen scientist for data collection. The citizen science project not only aided the collection of data and assessment of groundwater health, but also provided a tool for education, attracting media attention which furthered the education to a national audience. The amount of data still required to understand groundwater ecosystems, combined with the urgency to manage these environments, suggests that citizen scientists may complement the efforts of scientists around the globe to establish the impacts and consequences of human activities on this resource.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"62 6","pages":"834-846"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.13407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140580863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timing and Source of Recharge to the Columbia River Basalt Groundwater System in Northeastern Oregon","authors":"Henry M. Johnson,&nbsp;Kate Ely,&nbsp;Anna-Turi Maher","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13404","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13404","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recharge to and flow within the Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) groundwater flow system of northeastern Oregon were characterized using isotopic, gas, and age-tracer samples from wells completed in basalt, springs, and stream base flow. Most groundwater samples were late-Pleistocene to early-Holocene; median age of well samples was 11,100 years. The relation between mean groundwater age and completed well depth across the eastern portion of the study area was similar despite differences in precipitation, topographic position, incision, thickness of the sedimentary overburden, and CRBG geologic unit. However, the lateral continuity in groundwater age was disrupted across large regional fault zones indicating these structures are substantial impediments to groundwater flow from the high-precipitation uplands to adjacent lower-precipitation and lower-elevation portions of the study area. Recharge rates calculated from the age-depth relations were &lt;3 mm/yr and independent of the modern precipitation gradient across the study area. The age-constrained recharge rates to the CRBG groundwater system are considerably smaller than previously published estimates and highlight the uncertainty of prevailing models used to estimate recharge to the CRBG groundwater system across the Columbia Plateau in Oregon and Washington. Age tracer and isotopic evidence indicate recharge to the CRBG groundwater system is an exceedingly slow and localized process.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"62 5","pages":"761-777"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.13404","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140327515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calling All Groundwater Professionals: Support the National Groundwater Monitoring Network","authors":"David R. Wunsch,&nbsp;Robert P. Schreiber","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13398","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13398","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The New York Times recently published articles on groundwater in the USA, highlighting chronic over-pumping and other challenges. These articles have elevated groundwater to a front-page issue, garnering interest from the public, state and local regulatory agencies, and policymakers in Washington DC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One prevalent theme is the lack of groundwater monitoring in many parts of the USA. This shortcoming is not news to groundwater professionals, as it has been identified by hydrogeologists, engineers, and water managers for decades. Led by NGWA, a group of concerned groundwater professionals addressed this national shortcoming starting in 2007 and worked to formally establish a national, integrated groundwater monitoring network. This effort ultimately became the National Groundwater Monitoring Network (NGWMN), a program authorized by Congress within the SECURE Water Act of 2009 and managed by the U.S. Geological Survey since funds were first appropriated in 2015.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The SECURE Water Act is scheduled to sunset later this year, and so it is imperative that groundwater professionals work together to ensure reauthorization of this vital legislation. Why should you get involved and spend your valuable time to help ensure the survival of the NGWMN? Here is brief background information demonstrating the critical need for maintaining and enhancing the NGWMN and why we need your support.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For years, groundwater monitoring in the USA has mostly been a patchwork of state and local water management agency monitoring networks. Some are comprehensive and well-funded, while others are nominal and even rely on public volunteers for data collection. The USGS maintains monitoring wells in various locations across the country, including its nationwide Climate Response Network (CRN), but it mostly focuses on shallow, water table conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To address the lack of a comprehensive nationwide network, professionals and specialists from the private sector, state and federal government agencies, and non-profit organizations have steadily worked through the legislative process to establish and fund the NGWMN through the SECURE Water Act. The NGWMN is now a cooperative program funded along with the CRN at about $4 million annually through the USGS. The NGWMN program provides federal matching funds to data providers—including state, regional, and local agencies—for sharing their monitoring data based on network design and protocols established in the NGWMN framework document. The program also provides funding to data providers for well maintenance, drilling of new wells, and equipment for real-time data collection.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Although the NGWMN is up-and-running, full nationwide coverage is yet to be achieved, and so it is imperative that we groundwater professionals work to ensure its survival and growth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here's how you can participate in this effort. First and foremost, indicate your support of a Bill introduced in the House of Representatives (H.R. 57","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"62 3","pages":"328-329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.13398","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140327514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of an Impulse-Response Emulator for Groundwater Contaminant Transport Modeling","authors":"Brent P. Heerspink,&nbsp;Michael N. Fienen,&nbsp;Howard W. Reeves","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13405","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13405","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is a significant need to develop decision support tools capable of delivering accurate representations of environmental conditions, such as ground and surface water solute concentrations, in a timely and computationally efficient manner. Such tools can be leveraged to assess a large number of potential management strategies for mitigating non-point source pollutants. Here, we assess the effectiveness of the impulse-response emulation approach to approximate process-based groundwater model estimates of solute transport from MODFLOW and MT3D over a wide range of model inputs and parameters, with the goal of assessing where in parameter space the assumptions underlying this emulation approach are valid. The impulse-response emulator was developed using the sensitivity analysis utilities in the PEST++ software suite and is capable of approximating MODFLOW/MT3D estimates of solute transport over a large portion of the parameter space tested, except in cases where the Courant number is above 0.5. Across all runs tested, the highest percent errors were at the plume fronts. These results suggest that the impulse-response approach may be suitable for emulation of solute transport models for a wide range of cases, except when high-resolution outputs are needed, or when very low concentrations at plume edges are of particular interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"62 6","pages":"945-956"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140308361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Tectonic Lineaments and Springs North of Avanos (Central Anatolia, Turkey)","authors":"Ramazan Demircioğlu","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13400","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13400","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study area covers Avanos-Ozkonak and its surroundings north of Nevsehir province. An attempt was made to determine the relationship between tectonic lineaments and springs in the area. It was found that there is a close relationship between the location of springs and tectonic lineaments. In recent years, lineaments have been used in mineral exploration studies and geothermal areas. Remote sensing methods have also been used in this study. The relationship between tectonic lineaments (faults and fractures) and spring formations obtained from field studies and satellite-based studies was evaluated. Metamorphic rocks belonging to the Kirsehir massif and Paleocene–Middle Eocene aged units were subjected to polyphase deformation. As a result of these deformations, faults and cracks were formed. This situation has given aquifer properties to the rocks. At the same time, many springs were formed by faults and cracks. This study determined the relationship between 342 springs identified during field works and tectonic lineaments. Approximately 89% of the springs identified in the field were found to be located on the tectonic lineaments obtained from the satellite imagery. Some springs discharged from discontinuities on the formation boundaries.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"62 5","pages":"735-747"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140290045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preventing Subsidence Reoccurrence in Tianjin: New Preconsolidation Head and Safe Pumping Buffer","authors":"Kuan Wang,&nbsp;Guoquan Wang,&nbsp;Yan Bao,&nbsp;Guangli Su,&nbsp;Yong Wang,&nbsp;Qiang Shen,&nbsp;Yongwei Zhang,&nbsp;Haigang Wang","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13406","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13406","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tianjin, a coastal metropolis in north China, has grappled with land subsidence for nearly a century. Yet, emerging evidence suggests a notable decrease in subsidence rates across Tianjin since 2019. This trend is primarily attributed to the importation of surface water from the Yangtze River system via the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, initiated in December 2014. Utilizing Sentinel-1A Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data (2014–2023), this study reveals that one-third of the Tianjin plain has either halted subsidence or experienced land rebound. As a result, the deep aquifer system (~−200 to −450 m) beneath one third of the Tianjin plain has completed a consolidation cycle, leading to the establishment of new, locally specific preconsolidation heads. The identification of the newly established preconsolidation head seeks to answer a crucial question: How can we prevent the reoccurrence of subsidence in areas where it has already ceased? In essence, subsidence will stop when the local hydraulic head elevates to the new preconsolidation head (NPCH), and permanent subsidence will not be reinitiated as long as hydraulic head remains above the NPCH. The difference of the depth between current hydraulic head and the NPCH defines the safe pumping buffer (SPB). This study outlines detailed methods for identifying the NPCHs in the deep aquifer system from long-term InSAR and groundwater-level datasets. Determining NPCHs and ascertaining SPBs are crucial for estimating how much groundwater can be safely extracted without inducing permanent subsidence, and for developing sustainable strategies for long-term groundwater management and conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"62 5","pages":"778-794"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140186737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catchment-Wide Groundwater Budget for the Inkomati-Usuthu Water Management Area in South Africa","authors":"Teboho Shakhane,&nbsp;Moses Mojabake","doi":"10.1111/gwat.13402","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.13402","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In South Africa, approximately 98% of the predicted total surface water resources are already being used up. Consequently, the National Water Resource Strategy considers groundwater to be important for the future planning and management of water resources. In this case, quantifying groundwater budgets is a prerequisite because they provide a means for evaluating the availability and sustainability of a water supply. This study estimated the regional groundwater budgets for the Inkomati-Usuthu Water Management Area (Usuthu, Komati, Sabie-Sand, and Crocodile) using the classical hydrological continuity equation. The equation was used to describe prevailing feedback loops between groundwater draft, recharge, baseflow, and storage change. The results were coarser scale estimates which, beforehand, were derived from the 2006 study. In the years to follow, groundwater reliance intensified and there was also the historic 2015/2016 drought. This inevitably led to an increased draft while the rest of the components of the groundwater budgets experienced decreases. Both Crocodile and Sabie-Sand experienced groundwater storage depletion which led to reduced baseflow and groundwater availability, while groundwater recharge contrarily increased due to capture. Conversely, the other two catchments experienced relatively lower drafts with correspondingly higher groundwater availability and recharge while storage change was positive. The results highlighted the need for adaptive water management whose effectiveness relies on predictive studies. Consequently, future models should be developed to capture the spatial and temporal dynamism of the natural groundwater budget due to climate change, water demands, and population growth predictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"62 3","pages":"480-493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140178350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}