Groundwater最新文献

{"title":"Impacts of Different Boundary Conditions on Dirac Pulse from a Well into Aquifer","authors":"Guangquan Li,&nbsp;Xuejing Shen,&nbsp;Zhongyuan Liu","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70077","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For a partially penetrating well, a Dirac pulse can be generated by sudden charge of water from the well end into the contiguous rock, and subsequently the pulse diffuses away in terms of slow P-wave. This process is described by the Green's function for the initial-value problem. The Green's functions subject to three boundary conditions (BC) are compared mutually, that is, no BC, zero Neumann BC and zero Dirichlet BC for infinitely far boundary, the confining unit and unconfined aquifer, respectively. The well end is set at 10 m below the boundary, and the mass of water suddenly injected is prescribed as 1 kg. Both intact Berea sandstone and fractured Berea sandstone are used for illustration. The spatial distribution and breakthrough curve of the fluid pressure disturbance (<i>p</i>_<i>f</i>) are calculated. The results indicate that zero Neumann BC increases <i>p</i>_<i>f</i> whereas zero Dirichlet BC decreases <i>p</i>_<i>f</i>. For slow and fast P-waves in the regime of low frequency, it is rigorously shown that the ratios (between the confining pressure disturbance and fluid pressure disturbance) are lower than and higher than unity, respectively. This theoretical study suggests that the technique of Dirac pulse may be used for acquisition of small-scale permeability, thus helpful for resolving the heterogeneity of in situ permeability.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"64 4","pages":"457-465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considerations for the Design of Sinusoidal Slug Testing Methods","authors":"Chris Turnadge,&nbsp;Lawrence Burk,&nbsp;Eddie W. Banks","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70078","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.70078","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Modern methods of aquifer hydraulic testing estimate subsurface properties by creating frequency-dependent variations in groundwater well levels. These methods are variously known as periodic, harmonic, or oscillatory hydraulic testing, of which sinusoidal testing is a specific case. Periodic testing provides several potential advantages over traditional methods, including larger signal-to-noise ratios, larger distances over which hydraulic disturbances propagate, and the ability to undertake zero net water extraction. One of three approaches are used to induce groundwater pressure fluctuations: (1) extraction/reinjection of water using motorized pumps, (2) pressurization/depressurization using compressed air, and (3) transient displacement of the water column by slug testing. The latter was the focus of the present study; specifically, how to improve sinusoidal slug testing methods by ensuring accurate generation of sinusoidal variations in well water levels. Two previously published sinusoidal testing designs were evaluated in terms of the ratio of effective transfer link length, &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ L $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, to effective flywheel radius, &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ {r}_e $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;. The first published design featured &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ L/{r}_e $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; ratio values ranging from 13 to 9, which corresponded to maximum discrepancies between intended and actual slug movement of 7% to 10%, respectively. The second design featured &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;L&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;r&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;e&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ L/{r}_e $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; ratio values ranging from 12 to 2, which corresponded to maximum discrepancies of 8% to 29%, respectively. These analyses suggest that methods featuring a rotating drive coupled to an effective transfer link are suboptimal. Instead, designs featuring either modified flywheel apparatus or winches driven by digitally controlled stepper motors can minimize the p","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"64 4","pages":"498-506"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.70078","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulating the Impacts of Deep Geothermal Development on Shallow Hydrothermal Resources in a Rocky Mountain Rift Valley","authors":"Michael J. Rush,&nbsp;Daniel Birdsell,&nbsp;Lauren Foster,&nbsp;Renee Reichenbacher,&nbsp;Parker Rehmus,&nbsp;Tom Armstrong","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70080","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Numerical modeling has been widely used to assess the feasibility of geothermal energy development at sites across the world, but modeling applications simulating the potential impacts on shallow hydrothermal resources and surface water are relatively scarce. In this study, we apply the MODFLOW 6 groundwater energy (GWE) code to simulate fully coupled groundwater flow and heat transport in a Rocky Mountain rift valley. The site features a moderate temperature hydrothermal system with steeply dipping normal faults, fractures, and shear zones that convey upwelling geothermal water to the shallow subsurface and facilitate interaction between deep geothermal pumping and the shallow subsurface. Following calibration against a set of publicly available well water levels, streamflow observations, well and spring water temperatures, and thermal gradients, the model is used to simulate the impacts of deep geothermal development on surface water supplies and shallow hydrothermal resources, including a hot spring system. The model simulates significant hydrologic and thermal impacts of deep geothermal pumping on the shallow hydrothermal system, including large changes in groundwater levels (−1.2 to +3.1 m), temperatures (−5.6°C to +8.7°C), and groundwater flow to springs (−10.7% to +15.4%). Depletion of tributary groundwater is simulated in three scenarios (0.8-10.7% of the geothermal extraction rate), demonstrating that deep geothermal pumping can infringe upon surface water rights. Results broadly demonstrate that in rift valley systems, geologic structures conveying upwelling geothermal water can lead to surficial thermal and hydrologic impacts in response to deep geothermal pumping, highlighting the need for regulatory frameworks that integrate geothermal energy and water resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"64 4","pages":"507-527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.70080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147966290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogeology in the Age of AI and Climate Change","authors":"Sarmad Dashti Latif","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70085","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.70085","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The 78th Geological Congress of Türkiye conducted in Ankara, Türkiye on April 13–17, 2026, brought together geologists, hydrogeologists, water and environmental scientists, and policy makers from various countries to discuss combating water and drought issues in the age of climate change and with a major focus on geological aspects. The Geological Congress of Türkiye has been conducted yearly since 1947. The theme of this year's congress was water, drought, climate change and geology, which aligns with United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. The aim of this editorial is to point out the significance of AI and other new technological tools in addressing groundwater and water resources issues. It aims to show that AI may be used as an early warning system for groundwater management and governance, which refers to a predictive mechanism that can provide data about potential groundwater depletion and pollution, allowing enough time to take effective preventive actions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Global water bankruptcy is a major threat to human survival. Addressing it requires interdisciplinary cooperation among geologists, hydrogeologists, water and environmental scientists, water managers, and policy makers. A recent report by Madani (&lt;span&gt;2026&lt;/span&gt;) cites some alarming statistics regarding global water bankruptcy. For instance, 2.2 billion people lack safe drinking water, and 4 billion people annually face water shortages lasting at least a month. Since the 1990s, more than half of the large lakes in the world have lost water. Wetland decline is another major environmental issue, with 410 million hectares lost, having ecosystem services valued at over $5.1 trillion. In addition, depletion of groundwater affects food security and domestic use as approximately 70% of aquifers across the globe showed long-term declining water-level trends. The loss of glaciers has reached 30%, and agriculture, which is responsible for 70% of global freshwater use, is becoming water-limited. Droughts are intensified by human activity and cost over $307 billion yearly. Moreover, as reported by Miao et al. (&lt;span&gt;2026&lt;/span&gt;), the global yearly drought in 2025 affected approximately 30% of the global land surface, with approximately 1.2% of the globe experiencing extreme drought conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Due to the impact of climate change on surface water, the demand for groundwater is rapidly increasing, and groundwater depletion is occurring in many regions around the world. As reported by Osman et al. (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), conventional models such as physical-based or conceptual models do not work accurately for groundwater management because climate change has altered recharge patterns with more episodic rainfall, including intense rainstorms and prolonged droughts, impacting recharge rates. Therefore, to address local, regional, and global water related issues, especially groundwater, new technologies and AI applications should be taken into consideration in groundwater managemen","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"64 4","pages":"386-387"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.70085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148045021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Society News","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.70087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"64 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148533046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imaging Point Source Groundwater Discharges in a Confined Coastal Aquifer Using Electrical Resistivity","authors":"Mariana Gómez-Nicolás,&nbsp;Armando Huitzilt-Rodriguez,&nbsp;Enrique Iñiguez,&nbsp;Roger Pacheco-Castro,&nbsp;Marco Pérez-Flores,&nbsp;Paulo Salles,&nbsp;Fiona Whitaker","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70071","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Point-source submarine groundwater discharge (PSGD) delivers mass and solutes and locally reduces salinity along karstic coasts, yet the geometry of conduits conveying meteoric and mixed waters is rarely imaged. Here we present the first marine electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) characterization of PSGD along the northwestern Yucatán Peninsula and evaluate marine ERT across contrasting settings to detect and characterize PSGD conduits and the confining coastal aquitard under field conditions. Four dipole–dipole ERT profiles span an intact coastal aquitard on land (Sisal), a coastal lagoon perforated by PSGD (Dzul-Ha), and their offshore equivalents near the Xbuya-Ha vent. On land, a laterally continuous resistive horizon at −5 to −9 masl overlies low-resistivity units that host saline groundwater and is interpreted as a cemented coastal aquitard that confines the aquifer. Beneath Dzul-Ha, the inversion images an elongated conductive chimney that cross-cuts this horizon and coincides with the mapped PSGD. Seabed profiles near Xbuya-Ha resolve discrete resistive bodies embedded in a conductive matrix at the main and secondary PSGDs. Forward modeling shows that conduits remain detectable even when the salinity contrast generated by freshwater discharge is weak; however, anomaly amplitudes decrease with increasing sea-floor depth, following an exponential decay with a characteristic depth of ~8 m. Together, these results provide a resistivity-based framework for combining tracers and flow models to quantify PSGD fluxes. Because the study targets vigorous PSGD under favorable electrical contrasts, these performance estimates represent an upper bound and clarify the limits of marine ERT for detecting PSGD in comparable karstic coasts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"64 4","pages":"405-421"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.70071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147792970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Language Processing for Groundwater Insights","authors":"Catherine Christenson,&nbsp;Kurt McCoy","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70067","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.70067","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Advances in the field of natural language processing (NLP) allow for the semi-automated extraction of useful information from large sets of text-based documents and have untapped potential to provide insights in understanding both scientific and stakeholder priorities on groundwater challenges. NLP, a set of techniques within the broader field of artificial intelligence (AI), includes statistical tools such as topic modeling and sentiment analysis. These methods allow the user to identify latent (hidden) topics and overall sentiments (attitudes leaning positive, neutral, or negative) within large sets of text.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These methods have already been applied in the field of hydrogeology and hydrology to deduce temporal priorities in hydrogeologic science, spatial trends in water resource management issues, and influential human decisions to water allocation. Christenson and Cardiff (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) quantified the evolution in research trends in hydrogeology using topic modeling of scientific abstracts published over the past 60 years, identifying the increased prevalence of treating ground and surface water as a single hydrologic system within the scientific literature. This work also documented the popularity of developing analytical and numerical methods in well hydraulics and groundwater modeling between the 1960s and 1980s, which ultimately gave way to increasingly complex models incorporating uncertainty estimation and model calibration in more recent decades. Additionally, this paper quantified the shift throughout the period of “boom and bust” of contaminant hydrogeology between the 1980s and early 2000s from assessment and characterization of contaminants toward understanding degradation and remediation techniques. Recent work by Sweitzer et al. (&lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;) used topic modeling to analyze 1.8 M water-related narratives in local newspapers throughout the United States. They identified regional water priorities related to concerns of resource scarcity and co-dependence of water policy with other economic sectors. Articles on drinking water topics were found to occur in local news more frequently in the western United States where concerns of drought are persistent. Discussions on pollutants found ubiquitously across most of the United States were noticeably absent of water-borne illness concerns common to many areas of the world. Near areas of energy production, opinions varied largely on whether the use of water was to support renewable or nonrenewable development. This work also utilized two existing sentiment analysis dictionaries to assess overall positive or negative sentiments associated with key topics identified. Renewable-energy articles contained fewer negatively valanced terms than other topics, while articles relating to contaminants, oil and gas, and disease contained more negatively valanced terms (Sweitzer et al. &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;). Nunes Carvalho et al. (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) applied topic modeling combined with socia","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"64 4","pages":"391-393"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.70067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147635612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Density Matters: Hydraulic and Salinity Evolution in Groundwater-Fed Pit Lakes in Semiarid and Arid Climates","authors":"Birte Moser,&nbsp;Peter G. Cook,&nbsp;Janek Greskowiak,&nbsp;Ilka Wallis","doi":"10.1111/gwat.70074","DOIUrl":"10.1111/gwat.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although groundwater flow directions are influenced by hydraulic gradients and density gradients, density gradients are often assumed negligible outside coastal zones and saline lake environments. Density gradients are rarely considered in mining studies, but can alter groundwater flow patterns, and cause outflow of water from pit lakes despite inward hydraulic gradients. Open mine pits often intersect regional water tables, requiring dewatering during mining operations. At the end of mine life, groundwater abstraction ceases, frequently leading to the development of pit lakes. Due to prolonged water residence time, and evaporation, pit lake water quality may deteriorate with salinization being a common problem. While salinity differences between pit lake water and groundwater are small initially, they increase with time, inducing density contrasts. Consequently, dense pit lake water may move along density gradient towards less dense groundwater. This changes the flow patterns around the pit lake and impact on surrounding aquifer water quality. In this study, we advance process understanding of how density effects alter flow and salinity patterns in pit lake environments post-mining using numerical modeling. We show the impact of ambient groundwater salinity, regional hydraulic gradients, evaporation rates, and hydraulic conductivities on the interaction between a pit lake and the surrounding aquifer. We demonstrate how density effects can substantially increase lake water outflow and decrease pit lake water salinities. Pit lakes can turn from terminal sinks into throughflow systems purely due to variable-density flow. Understanding the hydraulic and salinity evolution of pit lakes is crucial for planning post mining rehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"64 4","pages":"441-456"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwat.70074","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147847919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"64 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148061380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12866,"journal":{"name":"Groundwater","volume":"64 3","pages":"247-249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148061381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}