American journal of physical anthropology最新文献

{"title":"“To honor and remember”: An ethical awakening to African American remains in museums","authors":"Sabrina B. Sholts","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.24943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24943","url":null,"abstract":"In 2021, amid surging activism in the Movement for Black Lives, the Smithsonian Institution's possession of the remains of thousands of African Americans drew widespread attention. In response, the Smithsonian and its National Museum of Natural History undertook a series of steps to assess these remains and to develop a policy for returning as many as possible to descendants and descendant communities, under changes that would apply to all non-Native American remains in Smithsonian collections. This paper reviews the actions taken to date and the work that is still in progress or planned. I contextualize these steps more broadly within an “ethical awakening” to African American remains that have long been present, studied, and displayed in collections across the museum community in the United States, where other institutions have faced similar challenges and changes.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140573203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occipital hemi-bun development and shape covariation in a longitudinal extant human growth sample.","authors":"Miranda E Karban","doi":"10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.C.4678679.V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.C.4678679.V1","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVES\u0000Although the homology of the Neanderthal occipital bun and anatomically modern human \"hemi-bun\" has long been debated, little is known about the developmental timing and patterning of these two patterns of prominent occipital squama convexity. In this study, occipital hemi-bun ontogeny and cranial shape covariation are assessed in a comparative extant human sample.\u0000\u0000\u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS\u0000Two-dimensional geometric morphometric methods were used to investigate hemi-bun development in a longitudinal sample of growth study cephalograms representing extant human subjects predominantly of European ancestry. Subjects were each measured at three distinct age points, ranging from 3.0 to 20.4 years, and two-block partial least squares analysis was used to assess patterns of covariation between midsagittal occipital bone morphology and other aspects of craniofacial shape.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000Occipital hemi-bun morphology, when present, was found to develop early in ontogeny, in association with anteroposterior elongation of the frontal and parietal bones. No significant pattern of covariation was found between occipital hemi-bun shape and cranial/basicranial breadth, basicranial length, basicranial angle, or midfacial prognathism.\u0000\u0000\u0000DISCUSSION\u0000This study suggests that the occipital hemi-bun, at least in this extant human population, should not be considered an independent trait, as its development is closely linked to shape variation in the frontal and parietal bones. Importantly, these results suggest that occipital hemi-bun morphology is not significantly influenced by basicranial morphology during development, but instead covaries with changes in midsagittal neurocranial vault shape.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2019-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43228530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts of the 84th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists, March 25-28, 2015, St. Louis, Missouri.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"156 Suppl 60 ","pages":"1-334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33213607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Race, Monogamy, and Other Lies They Told You: Busting Myths About Human Nature. Edited by Agustín Fuentes. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. 2012. 274 pp. ISBN 978‐0‐520‐26971‐2. $27.50 (hardcover).","authors":"A. V. Arsdale","doi":"10.1002/AJPA.22308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AJPA.22308","url":null,"abstract":"Have spare times? Read race monogamy and other lies they told you busting myths about human nature writer by Why? A best seller publication on the planet with fantastic value and also content is incorporated with interesting words. Where? Merely here, in this site you can read online. Want download? Certainly readily available, download them additionally here. Available files are as word, ppt, txt, kindle, pdf, rar, as well as zip.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"36 8","pages":"163-163"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/AJPA.22308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50793932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disease In London, 1st—19th Centuries: An Illustrated Guide To Diagnosis. Monograph 56. Edited by Don Walker. London: Museum of London Archeology. 2012. 287 pp. ISBN 978‐1‐907586‐10‐1. £28.00 (hardcover).","authors":"A. Grauer","doi":"10.1002/AJPA.22320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AJPA.22320","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"29 7","pages":"163-164"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2013-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/AJPA.22320","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50794070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Premolar lost, variation gained: Posterior dental proportions in anthropoids and testing adherence to a mammalian developmental model","authors":"Elissa M. Ludeman, Terry Harrison, S. Bailey","doi":"10.1002/AJPA.22488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AJPA.22488","url":null,"abstract":"Reconstructing patterns of Plio-Pleistocene mammalian faunal exchange between eastern and southern Africa may help us to better understand patterns of evolution within the hominin clade. However, differences in geological context, taphonomic history and collection methods, as well as a lack of a precise chronology in one of the regions, complicate attempts to compare the faunas of the two regions, but access to new comprehensive datasets encouraged us to re-examine this critical time period in the African paleontological record. In this study, we examine the biogeographic histories of three terrestrial African mammalian families whose fossil records span the past 3 million years to test hypotheses related to the evolutionary history of the hominin genus Paranthropus. We used presence/absence data for 117 species from 38 genera within the family Bovidae and 34 species from 15 genera within the families Hyaenidae and Felidae from 52 eastern African and 40 southern African fossil localities. These assemblages were placed into 500 ka time slices and compared at both the genus and species level using the Jaccard index of faunal similarity. Our findings indicate that sampling biases have more effect on the patterns of interchange between eastern and southern African Bovidae than they do the patterns of interchange seen in the Hyaenidae and Felidae. However, even when these biases are taken into account there are persistent differences in the degree of interchange within and between these families. These findings suggest that mammalian groups (including hominins) can have very different histories of exchange between eastern and southern Africa over the past 3 million years. There is no a priori reason why any of the three families we examined is a suitable proxy for the eastern and southern African hyper-megadont and megadont hominin taxa presently included in Paranthropus, but of the three we suggest that the Bovidae is likely to come closest to being an appropriate proxy. The results of this comparative study are consistent with relatively independent evolutionary trajectories in the two regions for the hominins that are presently included in the genus Paranthropus. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"6 1","pages":"172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/AJPA.22488","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50796036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts of the 81st Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists. April 9-14, 2012. Portland, Oregon, USA.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"147 Suppl 54 ","pages":"68-311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30477836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical note: some observations on the conversion of dental enamel δ18O(p) values to δ18O(w) to determine human mobility.","authors":"A M Pollard,&nbsp;M Pellegrini,&nbsp;J A Lee-Thorp","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.21524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has become a widespread practice to convert δ(18)O(p) values measured in human and animal dental enamel to a corresponding value of δ(18)O(w) and compare these data with mapped δ(18)O(w) groundwater or meteoric water values to locate the region where the owner of the tooth lived during the formation of the enamel. Because this is a regression procedure, the errors associated with the predicted δ(18)O(w) values will depend critically on the correlation between the comparative data used to perform the regression. By comparing four widely used regression equations we demonstrate that the smallest 95% error is likely to be greater than ±1% in δ(18)O(w) , and could be as large as ±3.5%. These values are significantly higher than those quoted in some of the recent literature, and measurements with errors at the higher end of this range would render many of the published geographical attributions statistically unsupportable. We suggest that the simplest solution to this situation is to make geographical attributions based on the direct comparison of measured values of δ(18)O(p) rather than on predicted values of δ(18)O(w).</p>","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"145 3","pages":"499-504"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.21524","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29857114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial DNA analysis of an immigrant Basque population: loss of diversity due to founder effects.","authors":"Michael C Davis,&nbsp;Stephen J Novak,&nbsp;Greg Hampikian","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.21432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.21432","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Basques have a well-documented history of migration and settlement in the Americas, and they often retain cultural identity across generations. Numerous genetic studies have been carried out on European Basques; thus, immigrant Basques are an ideal population for investigating the genetic consequences of a recent human migration event. We have sampled 53 unrelated individuals with Basque ancestry in Boise, Idaho and determined the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation of the first and second hypervariable regions. Thirty-six mtDNA haplotypes were detected in our sample. We found evidence of genetic changes consistent with founder effects, which is compatible with the known history of migration. Compared with the European Basque population, the immigrant Basques are significantly different in terms of haplogroup frequency distribution and diversity. They have a lower measure of weighted intralineage mean pairwise diversity (WIMP) and greater genetic distance from other European populations. These data indicate that this immigrant Basque population has experienced a reduction in genetic diversity compared with the putative source population. However, this loss of diversity is not detectable using indices of demographic history such as Tajima's D and Fu's F. This study represents the first description of mtDNA diversity in an immigrant Basque population, and our findings indicate that founder effects accompanying this relatively recent migration event have shaped the genetic diversity of this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"144 4","pages":"516-25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.21432","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29740752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Race, health, and disease in 19th-century-born males.","authors":"Carlina de la Cova","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.21434","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.21434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study analyzed skeletal health disparities among African American and Euro-American males of low socioeconomic status born between 1825 and 1877. A total of 651 skeletons from the Cobb, Hamann-Todd, and Terry anatomical collections were macroscopically examined for skeletal pathologies related to dietary deficiencies and disease. Individuals were separated into age, ancestry, birth (Antebellum, Civil War, Pre-Reconstruction, and Reconstruction), combined ancestry/birth, enslaved versus liberated, and collection cohorts. These groups were statistically evaluated using ANOVA and χ(2) analyses to determine if age, ethnic, and temporal differences existed. Results indicated that African Americans, especially those born during Reconstruction, had significantly higher frequencies of tuberculosis (P = 0.004) and treponematosis (P = 0.006) than Euro-Americans. Historical sources are important in contextualizing why these different ethnic and temporal patterns were present, pointing to environmental conditions related to enslavement, postliberation migration to the industrialized North, crowded urban living conditions, and poor sanitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"144 4","pages":"526-37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2011-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29740136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}