American journal of physical anthropology最新文献

Brief communication: dental development and enamel thickness in the Lakonis Neanderthal molar. 简讯：拉科尼斯尼安德特人臼齿的牙齿发育和釉质厚度。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20898

T M Smith, K Harvati, A J Olejniczak, D J Reid, J-J Hublin, E Panagopoulou

{"title":"Brief communication: dental development and enamel thickness in the Lakonis Neanderthal molar.","authors":"T M Smith, K Harvati, A J Olejniczak, D J Reid, J-J Hublin, E Panagopoulou","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.20898","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.20898","url":null,"abstract":"Developmental and structural affinities between modern human and Neanderthal dental remains continue to be a subject of debate as well as their utility for informing assessments of life history and taxonomy. Excavation of the Middle Paleolithic cave site Lakonis in southern Greece has yielded a lower third molar (LKH 1). Here, we detail the crown development and enamel thickness of the distal cusps of the LKH 1 specimen, which has been classified as a Neanderthal based on the presence of an anterior fovea and mid-trigonid crest. Crown formation was determined using standard histological techniques, and enamel thickness was measured from a virtual plane of section. Developmental differences include thinner cuspal enamel and a lower periodicity than modern humans. Crown formation in the LKH 1 hypoconid is estimated to be 2.6-2.7 years, which is shorter than modern human times. The LKH 1 hypoconid also shows a more rapid overall crown extension rate than modern humans. Relative enamel thickness was approximately half that of a modern human sample mean; enamel on the distal cusps of modern human third molars is extremely thick in absolute and relative terms. These findings are consistent with recent studies that demonstrate differences in crown development, tissue proportions, and enamel thickness between Neanderthals and modern humans. Although overlap in some developmental variables may be found, the results of this and other studies suggest that Neanderthal molars formed in shorter periods of time than modern humans, due in part to thinner enamel and faster crown extension rates.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"138 1","pages":"112-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9170336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is Central Asia the eastern outpost of the Neandertal range? A reassessment of the Teshik-Tash child. 中亚是尼安德特尔山脉的东部前哨吗？对特谢克-塔什儿童的重新评估。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20897

Michelle Glantz, Sheela Athreya, Terrence Ritzman

{"title":"Is Central Asia the eastern outpost of the Neandertal range? A reassessment of the Teshik-Tash child.","authors":"Michelle Glantz, Sheela Athreya, Terrence Ritzman","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.20897","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.20897","url":null,"abstract":"Since its discovery in southeastern Uzbekistan in 1938, the Teshik-Tash child has been considered a Neandertal. Its affinity is important to studies of Late Pleistocene hominin growth and development as well as interpretations of the Central Asian Middle Paleolithic and the geographic distribution of Neandertals. A close examination of the original Russian monograph reveals the incompleteness of key morphologies associated with the cranial base and face and problems with the reconstruction of the Teshik-Tash cranium, making its Neandertal attribution less certain than previously assumed. This study reassesses the Neandertal status of Teshik-Tash 1 by comparing it to a sample of Neandertal, Middle and Upper Paleolithic modern humans, and recent human sub-adults. Separate examinations of the cranium and mandible are conducted using multinomial logistic regression and discriminant function analysis to assess group membership. Results of the cranial analysis group Teshik-Tash with Upper Paleolithic modern humans when variables are not size-standardized, while results of the mandibular analysis place the specimen with recent modern humans for both raw and size-standardized data. Although these results are influenced by limitations related to the incomplete nature of the comparative sample, they suggest that the morphology of Teshik-Tash 1 as expressed in craniometrics is equivocal. Although, further quantitative studies as well as additional sub-adult fossil finds from this region are needed to ascertain the morphological pattern of this specimen specifically, and Central Asian Middle Paleolithic hominins in general, these results challenge current characterizations of this territory as the eastern boundary of the Neandertal range during the Late Pleistocene.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"138 1","pages":"45-61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9170339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Loss of N-glycolylneuraminic acid in humans: Mechanisms, consequences, and implications for hominid evolution. 人类n -糖基神经氨酸的丧失:机制、后果和对人类进化的影响。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2001-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.10018.abs

A Varki

{"title":"Loss of N-glycolylneuraminic acid in humans: Mechanisms, consequences, and implications for hominid evolution.","authors":"A Varki","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.10018.abs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.10018.abs","url":null,"abstract":"The surface of all mammalian cells is covered with a dense and complex array of sugar chains, which are frequently terminated by members of a family of molecules called sialic acids. One particular sialic acid called N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is widely expressed on most mammalian tissues, but is not easily detectable on human cells. In fact, it provokes an immune response in adult humans. The human deficiency of Neu5Gc is explained by an inactivating mutation in the gene encoding CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in generating Neu5Gc in cells of other mammals. This deficiency also results in an excess of the precursor sialic acid N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) in humans. This mutation appears universal to modern humans, occurred sometime after our last common ancestor with the great apes, and happens to be one of the first known human-great ape genetic differences with an obvious biochemical readout. While the original selection mechanisms and major biological consequences of this human-specific mutation remain uncertain, several interesting clues are currently being pursued. First, there is evidence that the human condition can explain differences in susceptibility or resistance to certain microbial pathogens. Second, the functions of some endogenous receptors for sialic acids in the immune system may be altered by this difference. Third, despite the lack of any obvious alternate pathway for synthesis, Neu5Gc has been reported in human tumors and possibly in human fetal tissues, and traces have even been detected in normal human tissues. One possible explanation is that this represents accumulation of Neu5Gc from dietary sources of animal origin. Finally, a markedly reduced expression of hydroxylase in the brains of other mammals raises the possibility that the human-specific mutation of this enzyme could have played a role in human brain evolution.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"Suppl 33 ","pages":"54-69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2001-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7159735/pdf/AJPA-116-54.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9354048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The American Association of Physical Anthropologists: members 1979. 美国体质人类学家协会:1979年成员。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 1979-09-01

引用次数: 0

Adolph Schultz 1891-1976. 阿道夫·舒尔茨(1891-1976)

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 1977-03-01

W W Howells

引用次数: 0

T. Dale Stewart. T.戴尔·斯图尔特。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 1976-11-01

J L Angel

引用次数: 0

A comparative study of tooth and dental arch dimensions in Jewish children of different ethnic descent. I. Kurds and Yemenites. 不同种族犹太儿童牙齿和牙弓尺寸的比较研究。1 .库尔德人和也门人。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 1976-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330440307

E Koyoumdjisky-Kaye, Y Zilberman, Z Zeevi

引用次数: 24

A twin study of dental dimension. II. Independent genetic determinants. 牙齿尺寸的双胞胎研究。2独立的遗传决定因素。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 1976-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330440304

R H Potter, W E Nance, P L Yu, W B Davis

{"title":"A twin study of dental dimension. II. Independent genetic determinants.","authors":"R H Potter, W E Nance, P L Yu, W B Davis","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.1330440304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330440304","url":null,"abstract":"To demonstrate the presence of independent genetic determinants of multiple correlated tooth dimensions from twin data, a multivariate analysis was performed on the covariance matrices of monozygotic and dizygotic within-pair differences for mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions of 28 teeth of the secondary dentition. The results provided strong evidences that the correlation among tooth dimensions is primarily genetic in origin, probably attributable to the pleiotropic action of either independent genes or groups of genes. Among the genetic factors that were identified, one appeared to affect the maxillary teeth in general while a second influenced primarily the anterior mandibular teeth. There was a striking tendency for homologous measurements on the right and left sides to be associated with the same genetic factor. In contrast, genetic determination of the maxillary and mandibular dentition seemed to be independent of each other, and a wider range of genetic factors were found to influence the mandibular than the maxillary teeth, suggesting that a differential degree of evolutionary stability may have been achieved in the teeth of the two jaws.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"44 3","pages":"397-412"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"1976-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.1330440304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12128439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 105

Prenatal origin of brachymesophalangia-5. 短管道管的产前起源。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 1976-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330440305

S M Garn, W J Babler, A R Burdi

引用次数: 8

A factor analysis of body build in the rat. 大鼠体质因素分析。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 1976-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330440314

R H Watson, P L Broadhurst

{"title":"A factor analysis of body build in the rat.","authors":"R H Watson, P L Broadhurst","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.1330440314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330440314","url":null,"abstract":"Following a survey of the problems associated with the comparative study of measures of physique in domesticated and laboratory animals, techniques were developed for the measurement of body build in the adult albino laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus). They involved anesthetisation of the animals and the use of calipers and a simple apparatus devised for the purpose. The 17 measures taken on 100 rats, 50 of each sex, are detailed and the reasons for excluding other given. Intercorrelations of all the measures and their reliability co-efficients, which were judged satisfactory, are presented. The tables of intercorrelations, one for each sex, were factor analysed separately, and rotations to simple structure performed. Two factors were identified, one having factor saturations on measures of body length and the other similarily defining body width. This pattern was similar for the two sexes and a single index of body build was therefore proposed in which the length of the rear foot is divided by the width of the shoulder girdle and multiplied by 100 to avoid decimals. The use of the index in other investigations is mentioned.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"44 3","pages":"513-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"1976-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.1330440314","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12118813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2