American journal of physical anthropology最新文献_第10页

Scaling of chew cycle duration in primates. 灵长类动物咀嚼周期持续时间的缩放。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20895

Callum F Ross, David A Reed, Rhyan L Washington, Alison Eckhardt, Fred Anapol, Nazima Shahnoor

{"title":"Scaling of chew cycle duration in primates.","authors":"Callum F Ross, David A Reed, Rhyan L Washington, Alison Eckhardt, Fred Anapol, Nazima Shahnoor","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.20895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20895","url":null,"abstract":"The biomechanical determinants of the scaling of chew cycle duration are important components of models of primate feeding systems at all levels, from the neuromechanical to the ecological. Chew cycle durations were estimated in 35 species of primates and analyzed in conjunction with data on morphological variables of the feeding system estimating moment of inertia of the mandible and force production capacity of the chewing muscles. Data on scaling of primate chew cycle duration were compared with the predictions of simple pendulum and forced mass-spring system models of the feeding system. The gravity-driven pendulum model best predicts the observed cycle duration scaling but is rejected as biomechanically unrealistic. The forced mass-spring model predicts larger increases in chew cycle duration with size than observed, but provides reasonable predictions of cycle duration scaling. We hypothesize that intrinsic properties of the muscles predict spring-like behavior of the jaw elevator muscles during opening and fast close phases of the jaw cycle and that modulation of stiffness by the central nervous system leads to spring-like properties during the slow close/power stroke phase. Strepsirrhines show no predictable relationship between chew cycle duration and jaw length. Anthropoids have longer chew cycle durations than nonprimate mammals with similar mandible lengths, possibly due to their enlarged symphyses, which increase the moment of inertia of the mandible. Deviations from general scaling trends suggest that both scaling of the jaw muscles and the inertial properties of the mandible are important in determining the scaling of chew cycle duration in primates.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":" ","pages":"30-44"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.20895","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27562314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 55

Ancient DNA analysis of human remains from the Upper Capital City of Kublai Khan. 忽必烈上都城人类遗骸的古代DNA分析。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20894

Yuqin Fu, Chengzhi Xie, Xuelian Xu, Chunxiang Li, Quanchao Zhang, Hui Zhou, Hong Zhu

引用次数: 6

Book review: Hominin Environments in the East African Pliocene: An Assessment of the Faunal Evidence 书评:东非上新世的人类环境:对动物证据的评估

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/AJPA.20906

T. Pickering

引用次数: 1

Book review: Evolving Eden: An Illustrated Guide to the Evolution of the African Large-Mammal Fauna 书评:进化伊甸园:非洲大型哺乳动物动物群进化的图解指南

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/AJPA.20913

Holly M Dunsworth

引用次数: 0

Book review: Advances in Human Palaeopathology 书评:人类古病理学进展

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/AJPA.20914

P. Nystrom, Diana Mahoney‐Swales

引用次数: 0

Book review: Anthropology and the New Genetics 书评:《人类学与新遗传学》

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/AJPA.20936

D. O’Rourke

引用次数: 0

Ecogeographic variation in human nasal passages. 人类鼻道的生态地理变异。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20893

Todd R Yokley

{"title":"Ecogeographic variation in human nasal passages.","authors":"Todd R Yokley","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.20893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20893","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretically, individuals whose ancestors evolved in cold and/or dry climates should have greater nasal mucosal surface area relative to air volume of the nasal passages than individuals whose ancestors evolved in warm, humid climates. A high surface-area-to-volume (SA/V) ratio allows relatively more air to come in contact with the mucosa and facilitates more efficient heat and moisture exchange during inspiration and expiration, which would be adaptive in a cold, dry environment. Conversely, a low SA/V ratio is not as efficient at recapturing heat and moisture during expiration and allows for better heat dissipation, which would be adaptive in a warm, humid environment. To test this hypothesis, cross-sectional measurements of the nasal passages that reflect surface area and volume were collected from a sample of CT scans of patients of European and African ancestry. Results indicate that individuals of European descent do have higher SA/V ratios than individuals of African descent, but only when decongested. Otherwise, the two groups show little difference. This pattern of variation may be due to selection for different SA/V configurations during times of physical exertion, which has been shown to elicit decongestion. Relationships between linear measurements of the skeletal nasal aperture and cavity and cross-sectional dimensions were also examined. Contrary to predictions, the nasal index, the ratio of nasal breadth to nasal height, is not strongly correlated with internal dimensions. However, differences between the nasal indices of the two groups are highly significant. These results may be indicative of different adaptive solutions to the same problem.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":" ","pages":"11-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.20893","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27533195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 82

Microanatomical assessment of fusion in facial sutures of bushbabies. 丛林婴儿面部缝合融合的显微解剖学评价。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.7275/R5J101DN

L. Reinholt, A. Burrows, E. Dumont, T. Smith

引用次数: 0

A Digital Radiographic Atlas of Great Apes Skull and Dentition 类人猿头骨和牙列的数字放射图集

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2006-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/AJPA.20255

J. Lynch

引用次数: 25

Erratum: Energetic costs of bipedal and quadrupedal walking in Japanese macaques (American Journal of Physical Anthropology (2004) 124 (248-256)) 勘误:日本猕猴两足和四足行走的能量消耗(美国体质人类学杂志(2004)124 (248-256))

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2004-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/AJPA.20145

M. Nakatsukasa, N. Ogihara, Y. Hamada, Y. Goto, M. Yamada, T. Hirakawa, E. Hirasaki

引用次数: 1