American journal of physical anthropology最新文献_第9页

Temperature's influence on the activity budget, terrestriality, and sun exposure of chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest, Uganda. 温度对乌干达布东戈森林黑猩猩活动预算、陆地性和阳光照射的影响。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20970

Valerie P Kosheleff, Christian N K Anderson

{"title":"Temperature's influence on the activity budget, terrestriality, and sun exposure of chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest, Uganda.","authors":"Valerie P Kosheleff, Christian N K Anderson","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.20970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20970","url":null,"abstract":"Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) activity budget, terrestriality, and sun exposure were found to be influenced by the immediate environmental temperature. Thirty adult chimpanzees in the Budongo Forest, Uganda, were observed for 247 h. Temperatures in the shade and sun, sky cover, sun exposure, activity, and terrestriality were recorded at 5-min intervals at <15 m from the center of the party. Terrestriality frequency was 26.5% for females and 41.5% for males. Terrestriality and resting both show a significant positive correlation with temperature in the sun. Controlling for seven potential confounding factors, temperature in the sun remained the strongest predictor of terrestriality. The difference between temperatures in the sun and shade had a significant effect on chimpanzee sun exposure frequency. Time spent continuously in the sun was negatively correlated with temperature, beginning to decrease around 30 degrees C, and markedly decreasing around 40 degrees C. A concurrent experiment determined that dark pelage (lacking physiological coping mechanisms) exposed to the same solar regime can easily reach 60 degrees C within minutes. This study indicates that both temperature in the sun and sun exposure play a role in influencing chimpanzee activity behavior, and specifically suggests that chimpanzees thermoregulate behaviorally both by moving to the ground and by decreasing their activity level. These results, in the context of deforestation and increasing global temperatures, have physiological and conservation implications for wild chimpanzees.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"139 2","pages":"172-81"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.20970","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27841290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 57

Stable isotope evidence for the consumption of millet and other plants in Bronze Age Italy. 青铜器时代意大利食用谷子和其他植物的稳定同位素证据。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20955

Mary Anne Tafuri, Oliver E Craig, Alessandro Canci

{"title":"Stable isotope evidence for the consumption of millet and other plants in Bronze Age Italy.","authors":"Mary Anne Tafuri, Oliver E Craig, Alessandro Canci","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.20955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20955","url":null,"abstract":"Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis was carried out on human and animal bones from four inland Early and Middle Bronze Age sites in Northern and Southern Italy. The main aims of the investigation were to explore the contribution of plant foods to the human diet and to examine any dietary differences between and within each of the sites. At two of the sites in Northern Italy, human and animal bones were significantly enriched in 13C. This finding was attributed to the consumption of domestic millets (Panicum miliaceum and/or Setaria italica), which are C4 pathway plants. Conversely, individuals from the two Bronze Age sites in Southern Italy were significantly depleted in 13C compared to those from the north. Here, millet was absent from the diet, and protein from C3 plants made a much greater dietary contribution than animal protein. This finding highlights the importance of cereal cultivation, most likely of wheat and barley, in the south of Italy during the Bronze Age. Overall, our results support the idea that the widespread cultivation of millet first occurred in Northern Italy, following its introduction from across the Alps in Central Europe. Finally, we found no significant differences in the stable isotope values between individuals at each site, when grouped by their sex or presence of grave goods. This leads to the conclusion that any status difference that may have existed is not reflected in the long-term dietary record, or at least not as measurable by stable isotope analysis.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"139 2","pages":"146-53"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.20955","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27874372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 159

The shape of the early hominin proximal femur. 早期人类近端股骨的形状。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20966

Elizabeth H Harmon

{"title":"The shape of the early hominin proximal femur.","authors":"Elizabeth H Harmon","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.20966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20966","url":null,"abstract":"Postcranial skeletal variation among Plio-Pleistocene hominins has implications for taxonomy and locomotor adaptation. Although sample size constraints make interspecific comparisons difficult, postcranial differences between Australopithecus afarensis and Australopithecus africanus have been reported (McHenry and Berger: J Hum Evol 35 1998 1-22; Richmond et al.: J Hum Evol 43 [2002] 529-548; Green et al.: J Hum Evol 52 2007 187-200). Additional evidence indicates that the early members of the genus Homo show morphology like recent humans (e.g., Walker and Leakey: The Nariokotome Homo erectus skeleton. Cambridge: Harvard, 1993). Using a larger fossil sample than previous studies and novel methods, the early hominin proximal femur is newly examined to determine whether new data alter the current view of femoral evolution and inform the issue of interspecific morphological variation among australopiths. Two- and three-dimensional data are collected from large samples of recent humans, Pan, Gorilla, and Pongo and original fossil femora of Australopithecus, Paranthropus, and femora of African fossil Homo. The size-adjusted shape data are analyzed using principal components, thin plate spline analysis, and canonical variate analysis to assess shape variation. The results indicate that femora of fossil Homo are most similar to modern humans but share a low neck-shaft angle (NSA) with australopiths. Australopiths as a group have ape-like greater trochanter morphology. A. afarensis differs from P. robustus and A. africanus in attributes of the neck and NSA. However, interspecific femoral variation is low and australopiths are generally morphologically similar. Although the differences are not dramatic, when considered in combination with other postcranial evidence, the adaptive differences among australopiths in craniodental morphology may have parallels in the postcranium.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"139 2","pages":"154-71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.20966","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27841291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 40

Multimodal signaling in wild Lemur catta: economic design and territorial function of urine marking. 野生狐猴的多模式信号:尿液标记的经济设计和领土功能。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-06-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20971

Elisabetta Palagi, Ivan Norscia

{"title":"Multimodal signaling in wild Lemur catta: economic design and territorial function of urine marking.","authors":"Elisabetta Palagi, Ivan Norscia","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.20971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20971","url":null,"abstract":"Urine marking has been neglected in prosimian primates. Captive studies showed that the Malagasy prosimian Lemur catta scent marks with urine, as well as via specialized depositions. L. catta urine mark, a multimodal signal, differs from simple urination in terms of different design features, including tail configuration: the tail is held up during marking (UT-up) and down during urination (UT-down). We explore economy and function of UT-up in the female dominant L. catta. We collected 240 h of observations on one group at Berenty (south Madagascar) during the nonmating period via all occurrences sampling. We gathered behavioral bouts/contexts (marking, traveling, feeding, resting, and fights) and recorded 191 UT-ups and 79 UT-downs. Via Global Positioning System we established the location of the places frequented i) by extragroup individuals and ii) by group members, in this case recording also behavioral context and time spent in each place. We found that L. catta UT-up is not an artifact of captivity. Moreover, UT-up in the nonmating period plays a role in territorial defense, which is mostly performed by females in L. catta society. Female UT-ups were the most investigated and UT-ups were performed/investigated more by females. Finally, signal use is parsimonious, in that urine is economically placed where and when detection probability by competitors is higher. UT-ups were performed in places most frequented by extragroup individuals and in presence of extragroup competitors (nonrandom topography and timing). In conclusion, we suggest that UT-up is an economical signal with a primarily territorial function.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"139 2","pages":"182-92"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2009-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/ajpa.20971","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"27874367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 69

The Neanderthal bony Labyrinth Reconsidered, Introducing a New Geometric Morphometric Approach 尼安德特人骨骼迷宫重新考虑，引入一种新的几何形态测量方法

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-02-12 DOI: 10.1002/AJPA.21030

P. Gunz, F. Spoor, Rico Tilgner, Jean-Jacques Hublin

{"title":"The Neanderthal bony Labyrinth Reconsidered, Introducing a New Geometric Morphometric Approach","authors":"P. Gunz, F. Spoor, Rico Tilgner, Jean-Jacques Hublin","doi":"10.1002/AJPA.21030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/AJPA.21030","url":null,"abstract":"The widely accepted socio-ecological model of primate sociality assumes that males and female chimpanzees do not exhibit differentiated social relationships. However, despite anecdotal evidence to the contrary, this assumption has never been explicitly tested. We used 14 years of data from the Kanyawara community in Kibale National Park, Uganda to describe inter-sexual association patterns among these chimpanzees. We calculated a composite index using temporal and spatial association data to characterize the relationships between data to characterize the relationships between 336 male-females dyads. We considered any dyad with a composite index greater than one standard deviation above the mean to be strongly associated. We found that: (1) while the majority of male-female dyads were not strongly associated, a subset of dyads showed greater than average association across several two-year time periods; (2) all but one of the maternal kin dyads (either mother-son or brother-sister) had differentiated relationships; and (3) the association preferences of some dyads remained consistent despite changes in the reproductive condition of the female over time. We used generalized linear models to determine the effect of reproductive state, rank and seasonality on patterning these longterm associations. Our finding that chimpanzees exhibit differentiated inter-sexual association patterns will have far-reaching effects on studies of other forms of malefemale interaction such as aggression, and further our understanding of the evolution of human pair-bonding.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"101 10","pages":"142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2009-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/AJPA.21030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50790664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Brief communication: dental development and enamel thickness in the Lakonis Neanderthal molar. 简讯：拉科尼斯尼安德特人臼齿的牙齿发育和釉质厚度。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20898

T M Smith, K Harvati, A J Olejniczak, D J Reid, J-J Hublin, E Panagopoulou

{"title":"Brief communication: dental development and enamel thickness in the Lakonis Neanderthal molar.","authors":"T M Smith, K Harvati, A J Olejniczak, D J Reid, J-J Hublin, E Panagopoulou","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.20898","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.20898","url":null,"abstract":"Developmental and structural affinities between modern human and Neanderthal dental remains continue to be a subject of debate as well as their utility for informing assessments of life history and taxonomy. Excavation of the Middle Paleolithic cave site Lakonis in southern Greece has yielded a lower third molar (LKH 1). Here, we detail the crown development and enamel thickness of the distal cusps of the LKH 1 specimen, which has been classified as a Neanderthal based on the presence of an anterior fovea and mid-trigonid crest. Crown formation was determined using standard histological techniques, and enamel thickness was measured from a virtual plane of section. Developmental differences include thinner cuspal enamel and a lower periodicity than modern humans. Crown formation in the LKH 1 hypoconid is estimated to be 2.6-2.7 years, which is shorter than modern human times. The LKH 1 hypoconid also shows a more rapid overall crown extension rate than modern humans. Relative enamel thickness was approximately half that of a modern human sample mean; enamel on the distal cusps of modern human third molars is extremely thick in absolute and relative terms. These findings are consistent with recent studies that demonstrate differences in crown development, tissue proportions, and enamel thickness between Neanderthals and modern humans. Although overlap in some developmental variables may be found, the results of this and other studies suggest that Neanderthal molars formed in shorter periods of time than modern humans, due in part to thinner enamel and faster crown extension rates.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"138 1","pages":"112-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9170336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is Central Asia the eastern outpost of the Neandertal range? A reassessment of the Teshik-Tash child. 中亚是尼安德特尔山脉的东部前哨吗？对特谢克-塔什儿童的重新评估。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20897

Michelle Glantz, Sheela Athreya, Terrence Ritzman

{"title":"Is Central Asia the eastern outpost of the Neandertal range? A reassessment of the Teshik-Tash child.","authors":"Michelle Glantz, Sheela Athreya, Terrence Ritzman","doi":"10.1002/ajpa.20897","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajpa.20897","url":null,"abstract":"Since its discovery in southeastern Uzbekistan in 1938, the Teshik-Tash child has been considered a Neandertal. Its affinity is important to studies of Late Pleistocene hominin growth and development as well as interpretations of the Central Asian Middle Paleolithic and the geographic distribution of Neandertals. A close examination of the original Russian monograph reveals the incompleteness of key morphologies associated with the cranial base and face and problems with the reconstruction of the Teshik-Tash cranium, making its Neandertal attribution less certain than previously assumed. This study reassesses the Neandertal status of Teshik-Tash 1 by comparing it to a sample of Neandertal, Middle and Upper Paleolithic modern humans, and recent human sub-adults. Separate examinations of the cranium and mandible are conducted using multinomial logistic regression and discriminant function analysis to assess group membership. Results of the cranial analysis group Teshik-Tash with Upper Paleolithic modern humans when variables are not size-standardized, while results of the mandibular analysis place the specimen with recent modern humans for both raw and size-standardized data. Although these results are influenced by limitations related to the incomplete nature of the comparative sample, they suggest that the morphology of Teshik-Tash 1 as expressed in craniometrics is equivocal. Although, further quantitative studies as well as additional sub-adult fossil finds from this region are needed to ascertain the morphological pattern of this specimen specifically, and Central Asian Middle Paleolithic hominins in general, these results challenge current characterizations of this territory as the eastern boundary of the Neandertal range during the Late Pleistocene.","PeriodicalId":7587,"journal":{"name":"American journal of physical anthropology","volume":"138 1","pages":"45-61"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9170339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstracts of the Seventy-Eighth Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists. March 31-April 4, 2008. Chicago, Illinois, USA. 美国体质人类学家协会第78届年会摘要。2008年3月31日至4月4日。芝加哥，伊利诺伊州，美国。

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21027

引用次数: 2

Book review: Hominin Environments in the East African Pliocene: An Assessment of the Faunal Evidence 书评:东非上新世的人类环境:对动物证据的评估

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/AJPA.20906

T. Pickering

引用次数: 1

Book review: Evolving Eden: An Illustrated Guide to the Evolution of the African Large-Mammal Fauna 书评:进化伊甸园:非洲大型哺乳动物动物群进化的图解指南

IF 2.8 2区地球科学

American journal of physical anthropology Pub Date : 2009-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/AJPA.20913

Holly M Dunsworth

引用次数: 0