Atmosphere最新文献

{"title":"Characteristics of BVOCs from Fragrant Flowering Trees and Their Emission Along Urban Roadsides in Shanghai, China","authors":"Xi Wang, Yin Wu, Yanting Zhang, Y. e Liang Zhang, Ruiqing Yang, Mengwei Fang, Benyao Wang, Yali Zhang, Yali Zhang, Meixian Wang","doi":"10.3390/atmos17020176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17020176","url":null,"abstract":"Flowering street trees provide ecological services and health benefits to humans. In this study, three commonly used flowering street trees, Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud., Melia azedarach L., and Magnolia grandiflora L., were selected for analysis of floral volatiles during different flowering stages along roadsides in Shanghai, China. Headspace sampling solid-phase microextraction (HS–SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to identify volatiles from different floral samples. Simultaneously, selected-ion flow-tube mass spectrometry (SIFT–MS) was employed to detect biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) in roadside air samples. The results indicated that (1) P. tomentosa volatiles consisted predominantly of alcohols and phenolic ethers, M. azedarach volatiles consisted primarily of alcohols and aldehydes, and M. grandiflora volatiles consisted mainly of terpenes. (2) Air samples from P. tomentosa and M. azedarach were dominated by alcohols, whereas air samples from M. grandiflora were dominated by terpenes and aldehydes. The ozone formation potential (OFP) of some VOCs fluctuated throughout the flowering period. (3) Antibacterial and antioxidant volatiles released from the flowers of all species, such as eugenol, have demonstrated health-promoting effects in essential oils. The results of this study provide a foundation for optimizing the selection and planting of flowering street trees in urban roadside areas that will enhance ecological services and public health benefits.","PeriodicalId":8580,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere","volume":"17 2","pages":"176-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/17/2/176/pdf?version=1770903642","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147878982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical Computation-Driven Screening and Mechanism Study of Washing Oil Composite Solvents for Benzene Waste Gas Absorption","authors":"Chengyi Qiu, Zekai Jin, Meisi Chen, L. Wang, S. Li, Gang Zhang, Muhua Chen, Xinbao Zhu, Bo Fu","doi":"10.3390/atmos17010052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17010052","url":null,"abstract":"In order to solve the problems of high volatility and insufficient absorption effect when using chemical by-product washing oil to treat benzene-containing waste gas, this study innovatively proposed a composite solvent screening method based on the solvation free energy (ΔGsol), and reasonably predicted the absorption performance of 26 solvents for benzene. Through theoretical calculation and experimental verification, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TGDE) was finally determined to be the optimal composite component of washing oil. The absorption efficiency of the composite solvent reached 96.2%, and the regeneration efficiency was stable after 12 cycles with a mass loss of only 2.4%. Quantum computing simulation revealed that the dispersion force is dominant between benzene and the solvent, and TGDE enhances the electrostatic interaction through weak hydrogen bonds. The synergistic effect of the two improves the absorption performance. This study provides theoretical and technical support for the development of efficient and renewable benzene waste gas recovery solvent systems.","PeriodicalId":8580,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere","volume":"17 1","pages":"52-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/17/1/52/pdf?version=1767174331","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147883755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of Microplastic Properties and Tetracycline Adsorption During Aging in Laboratory and Natural Environments","authors":"Yunhang Wang, Qihong Miao, Qi An, Hongbo Fu","doi":"10.3390/atmos17010032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17010032","url":null,"abstract":"With the continuous rise in global plastic production and emissions, microplastics (MPs) have become ubiquitous across environmental compartments, including the atmosphere. Aging in natural settings substantially alters MP physicochemical properties and, in turn, their interactions with coexisting contaminants. Here, polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and polystyrene (PS) were subjected to ultraviolet (UV)-accelerated aging and natural exposure in marine intertidal zones, freshwater lakes, and the atmosphere, and changes in their properties and tetracycline (TC) adsorption were systematically compared. Aging intensity followed the order seawater > freshwater > air. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed the formation and enrichment of oxygen-containing functional groups, and naturally aged samples exhibited stronger oxidation signatures than those aged solely under UV irradiation. Adsorption kinetics indicated higher equilibrium capacities and rate constants for aged MPs; after 324 h of UV exposure in seawater, TC adsorption on PE, PS, and PET increased by 64.6%, 56.6%, and 64.0%, respectively. Mechanistic analysis suggests that surface roughening, oxygenated functional groups, and enhanced negative surface charge collectively promote TC adsorption, dominated by electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding. These findings not only elucidate how different aging pathways modulate the interactions between MPs and pollutants but also offer new insights into assessing the carrier potential of microplastics in environments such as the atmosphere and their adsorption of other contaminants.","PeriodicalId":8580,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere","volume":"17 1","pages":"32-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/17/1/32/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147333606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree Ring Width of Styphnolobium japonicum Reveals Summer Maximum Temperature Variations in Northwestern Yan Mountains over the Past 433 Years","authors":"S. Mao, Long Ma, Bolin Sun, Qiang Zhang, Xing Huang, Chang Lu, Ziyue Zhang, Jiamei Yuan","doi":"10.3390/atmos16121390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16121390","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of global warming, hydroclimatic conditions in the monsoon marginal zone are governed by two primary drivers: the East Asian monsoon and the westerly winds. As a sensitive indicator of climatic change, this region experiences disproportionately amplified adverse effects of climate change are markedly amplified, positioning it as a focal area for climatological research. However, the limited temporal coverage of instrumental records poses significant challenges for understanding historical hydroclimatic variability and its underlying mechanisms. To address this limitation, tree-ring width indices derived from 73 cores of Styphnolobium japonicum ((L.) Schott (1830)) are hereby employed to reconstruct summer maximum temperatures over a 433-year period in the central monsoon fringe zone—specifically, the northwestern Yan Mountains. Results confirm a strong correlation between the tree-ring width index of Styphnolobium japonicum and local summer maximum temperatures (r = 0.770, p < 0.01). Compared to the 19th century, the frequency of temperature fluctuations has increased substantially, with four abrupt regime shifts identified in the reconstructed series (1707, 1817, 1878, and 1994). Spectral analysis reveals cyclical patterns at interannual (2–7 years), decadal (10–30 years), and multidecadal (50 years) timescales. These oscillations align closely with known climate modes, including the EI Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). Among them, the AMO presents particularly strong coherence with the reconstructed temperature variability. These outcomes improve insights into long-term temperature dynamics in the region and highlight the value of dendroclimatic proxies in reconstructing past climate conditions.","PeriodicalId":8580,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere","volume":"16 12","pages":"1390-1390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/12/1390/pdf?version=1765291398","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147896938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the Convective Like Boundary Layer Assumption in the Urban Option of AERMOD.","authors":"Jonathan Retter, Robert Christopher Owen, Annamarie Leske, Michelle Snyder, Rhett Sargent, David Heist","doi":"10.3390/atmos16121342","DOIUrl":"10.3390/atmos16121342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urban areas and their surroundings feature unique, horizontally inhomogeneous spatial distributions of land use and land cover, leading to urban heat islands (UHIs) for both air and land surface temperature that complicate the estimation of urban sensible heat flux. The urban dispersion option in AERMOD, the American Meteorological Society (AMS)/Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Regulatory Model, incorporates this effect at night through a \"convective like boundary layer\" that modifies the single column meteorology based on a population number representative of the urban area. The model produces positive nighttime sensible heat flux values that often significantly overestimate observed values from the literature. This study re-examines the formulation of the AERMOD urban option assumptions, methodology, and original evaluation against a field study of a power plant in Indianapolis. We investigate replacing the population-based parameterizations of urban-surrounding temperature differences ( <math><mi>Δ</mi> <mi>T</mi></math> ) with observations of remotely sensed land surface temperature (LST) data from the Advanced Baseline Imager on the GOES-16/R/East geostationary satellite. We generated a monthly averaged, hourly, wind direction-dependent, clear sky land surface urban heat island <math><mi>Δ</mi> <mi>T</mi></math> database for 480 continental United States (CONUS) urban areas, as defined by the 2010 US Census. These <math><mi>Δ</mi> <mi>T</mi></math> values are used to advise city-specific horizontal advection corrections to sensible heat flux estimates that are neglected from simple energy balance models. The four cities of Cleveland, Amarillo, Atlanta, and Baltimore are highlighted, showing that the AERMOD predicted nighttime <math><mi>Δ</mi> <mi>T</mi></math> values are 794%, 416%, 1048%, and 758% higher, respectively, than the GOES-16 observations. These overestimated <math><mi>Δ</mi> <mi>T</mi></math> values in AERMOD lead to nighttime sensible heat flux values > 100 W/m² that rival daytime values. However, using the GOES-16 observations as horizontal advection corrections to sensible heat flux results in trends that match the expected neutral to slightly positive nighttime values from observations recorded in the literature. The annual nighttime average in 2021 was -0.8 W/m², 8.6 W/m², 3.0 W/m², and 3.1 W/m² in Cleveland, Amarillo, Atlanta, and Baltimore, respectively, using this approach. Finally, reviewing the initial evaluation with the Indianapolis database against independent studies from the literature suggest that the AERMOD urban option inadvertently implements an urban heat island modeling approach to account for what was a low-level jet during the field study.</p>","PeriodicalId":8580,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere","volume":"16 12","pages":"1342"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12931099/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147301296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Impact Mechanism of Heatwave Exposure in the Urban Elderly Population Across China","authors":"Ying Jiang, Tao Gao, Zhenyu Hu, Zhaofei Xu","doi":"10.3390/atmos16121339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16121339","url":null,"abstract":"Heatwaves are intensifying across China under global warming. Although previous SSP-RCP studies project more frequent and intense events, systematic evaluations of exposure mechanisms among the elderly in China remain limited. The purpose of the paper is to reveal the spatiotemporal dynamics and inequality of heatwave exposure among China’s urban elderly and to disentangle the driving influences of climate change, ageing, and urbanization. Historical and future heatwaves across China are identified and analyzed, exposure inequality is evaluated using the Gini coefficient, and the relative contributions of key drivers are quantified through factor separation. Results showed that heatwave frequency and duration increased from 2000 to 2019, with high-risk provinces clustering in the Yangtze River Basin, North China Plain, and Sichuan Basin. Future projections indicate substantial growth in elderly exposure to heatwaves, while under the SSP3-70 scenario, inter-provincial inequality in exposure tends to alleviate rather than intensify. Climate change was identified as the dominant driver, while ageing amplified risks and urbanization partly mitigated growth. These findings highlighted the urgent need for place-based adaptation and health protection strategies, aligned with climate mitigation, demographic transition, and sustainable urban planning.","PeriodicalId":8580,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere","volume":"16 12","pages":"1339-1339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147888040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air Sensor Network Analysis Tool: R-Shiny Application.","authors":"Karoline K Barkjohn, Todd Plessel, Jiacheng Yang, Gavendra Pandey, Yadong Xu, Stephen Krabbe, Catherine Seppanen, Renée Bichler, Huy Nguyen Quang Tran, Saravanan Arunachalam, Andrea L Clements","doi":"10.3390/atmos16111270","DOIUrl":"10.3390/atmos16111270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poor air quality can harm human health and the environment. Air quality data are needed to understand and reduce exposure to air pollution. Air sensor data can supplement national air monitoring data, allowing for a better understanding of localized air quality and trends. However, these sensors can have limitations, biases, and inaccuracies that must first be controlled to generate data of adequate quality, and analyzing sensor data often requires extensive data analysis. To address these issues, an R-Shiny application has been developed to assist air quality professionals in (1) understanding air sensor data quality through comparison with nearby ambient air reference monitors, (2) applying basic quality assurance and quality control, and (3) understanding local air quality conditions. This tool provides agencies with the ability to more quickly analyze and utilize air sensor data for a variety of purposes while increasing the reproducibility of analyses. While more in-depth custom analysis may still be needed for some sensor types (e.g., advanced correction methods), this tool provides an easy starting place for analysis. This paper highlights two case studies using the tool to explore PM_2.5 sensor performance under the conditions of wildfire smoke impacts in the Midwestern United States and the performance of O₃ sensors for a year.</p>","PeriodicalId":8580,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere","volume":"16 11","pages":"1270"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13426646/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148653001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sedimentary Records of Paleoflood Events in the Desert Section of the Upper Yellow River Since the Late Quaternary","authors":"Hongli Pang, Yunxia Jia","doi":"10.3390/atmos16091019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16091019","url":null,"abstract":"The frequency and intensity of paleofloods reveal long-term hydrological changes and their responses to regional climate variations. This study focuses on sediment core HDZ04 from the desert section of the upper Yellow River, analyzing sediment grain size and elemental characteristics to reconstruct paleoflood events over the past 30,000 years. Using the EMMA end-member model, four end-member components were extracted, and the proportion of the two coarser end-members was used as a proxy for flood dynamics. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that ln(Zr/Ti) correlates more significantly with grain size value than ln(Zr/Rb), establishing Zr/Ti as a reliableproxy for paleoflood reconstruction. Integrating physical and chemical indicators with OSL dating, the reconstructed paleoflood sequence shows high frequency and intensity from 30~12 ka, lower values during the early and middle Holocene, and a significant increase in the late Holocene (3~0 ka). Comparison with regional climate records indicates that cold and dry periods correspond to higher paleoflood frequency and intensity. This multi-proxy approach provides a transferable framework for reconstructing past flood events in other alluvial systems worldwide, enhancing our understanding of hydrological responses to climatic forcing.","PeriodicalId":8580,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere","volume":"16 9","pages":"1019-1019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/9/1019/pdf?version=1756450791","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147912840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radon Exposure to the General Population of the Fernald Community Cohort.","authors":"John F Reichard, Swade Barned, Angelico Mendy, Susan M Pinney","doi":"10.3390/atmos16080939","DOIUrl":"10.3390/atmos16080939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Fernald Feed Materials Production Center (FMPC), located in Fernald, Ohio, USA, released radon (Rn) as a byproduct of the processing of uranium materials during the years from 1951 to 1989. Rn is a colorless, odorless gas that emits charged alpha radiation that interacts with cells in the lung and trachea-bronchial tree, leading to DNA damage, mutations, and tumor initiation. The purpose of this project was to use evidence collected by the Fernald Dosimetry Reconstruction Project and other sources to estimate the outdoor Rn exposure to individuals in the community immediately surrounding the FMPC during the years of plant operation. Using previously tabulated source terms, diffusion and meteorological data, and self-reported detailed residential histories, we estimated radon exposure for approximately 9300 persons who lived at more than 14,000 addresses. The results indicated that a portion of the population cohort experiences mean annual Rn exposure exceeding the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) action limit of 4 pCiL^-1. These exposure estimates support the analysis of the incidence of lung cancer in the Fernald Community Cohort (FCC).</p>","PeriodicalId":8580,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere","volume":"16 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12445060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emission Rates for Light-Duty Truck Towing Operations in Real-World Conditions.","authors":"Bumsik Kim, Rohit Jaikumar, Rodolfo Souza, Minjie Xu, Jeremy Johnson, Carl R Fulper, James Faircloth, Madhusudhan Venugopal, Chaoyi Gu, Tara Ramani, Michael Aldridge, Richard W Baldauf, Antonio Fernandez, Thomas Long, Richard Snow, Craig Williams, Russell Logan, Heidi Vreeland","doi":"10.3390/atmos16060749","DOIUrl":"10.3390/atmos16060749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Light-duty trucks (LDTs) are often used to tow trailers. Towing increases the load on the engine, and this additional load can affect exhaust emissions. Although heavy-duty towing impacts are widely studied, data on LDT towing impacts is sparse. In this study, portable emissions measurement systems (PEMSs) were used to measure in-use emissions from three common LDTs during towing and non-towing operations. Emission rates were characterized by operating modes defined in the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) MOVES (MOtor Vehicle Emissions Simulator) model. The measured emission rates were compared to the default rates used by MOVES, revealing similar overall trends. However, discrepancies between measured rates and MOVES predictions, especially at high speed and high operating modes, indicate a need for refinement in emissions modeling for LDTs under towing operations. Results highlight a general trend of increased CO2, CO, HC, and NOx when towing a trailer compared to non-towing operations across nearly all operating modes, with distinct CO and HC increases in the higher operating modes. Although emissions were observed to be notably higher in a handful of scenarios, results also indicate that three similar LDTs can have distinctly different emission profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":8580,"journal":{"name":"Atmosphere","volume":"16 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12292256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144726956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}