Hydrological Processes最新文献

{"title":"Grazing Exclusion Modulates Preferential Flow Dynamics Through Root–Soil Architectural Reorganisation in Arid Shrublandsz","authors":"Zhihao Zhu,&nbsp;Chen Meng,&nbsp;Li Wang,&nbsp;Jianjun Qu,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Naiping Song,&nbsp;Xing Wang,&nbsp;Zhengcong Yin","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70169","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Preferential flow (PF) critically regulates the water redistribution and ecological functions in arid ecosystems. This study investigated how grazed exclusion alters the root–soil architecture within PF zones and compared the structural differences between preferential and matrix flow (MF) zones. Focusing on <i>Caragana korshinskii</i> shrublands in Yanchi County, China, we employed CT scanning and 3D reconstruction to quantify the geometric patterns and topological characteristics of soil aggregates, macropores and root systems under contrasting management conditions (enclosed vs. grazed). Key findings revealed the following: (1) Enclosed natural grasslands exhibited maximum dye-stained areas (40.38%) and infiltration depths (271 mm); (2) Both grazed artificial and enclosed natural shrublands showed homogenised distributions of aggregates and macropores; (3) Enclosed practices significantly reduced aggregate number (47.2%–65.5%), macropore number (27.0%–30.9%) and root number (39.0%–64.5%) while promoting root thickening (10.7%–43.6% diameter increase, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05); (4) PF zones contained more aggregates (29.3%–219.1%) and macropore(35.3%–89.9%) than matrix zones (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The results show that moderate grazing can produce more aggregates and macropores, forming a root–soil structure that is more conducive to the PF process. These findings augment our understanding of rhizosphere interactions and sustainable land management practices.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stochastic Spectral Analysis of Heat Transfer in the Soil Water Layer: Simultaneous Consideration of Hydraulic Flux and Thermal Diffusivity With Estimation of Hydraulic Flux by Prescribed Thermal Diffusivity","authors":"David Ching-Fang Shih","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70155","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study presents a novel and scientifically robust approach for evaluating hydraulic flux in shallow unsaturated aquifers, emphasising its interaction with thermal diffusivity. Traditional methods that assess temperature fields in the soil water layer rely solely on predefined hydraulic flux or prescribed thermal diffusivity, posing significant challenges in capturing the inherent spatial and temporal variability. To address these limitations, this study employs a time-frequency spectral analysis framework, integrating theoretical derivations with observed temperature spectra. This approach effectively estimates hydraulic flux while maintaining a prescribed thermal diffusivity, offering a refined methodology for vadose zone investigations. The study examines two distinct boundary conditions: one with fixed inlet and outlet temperatures and another with a prescribed inlet temperature and a constrained outlet heat flux. Hydraulic flux is estimated through an inverse stochastic spectral approach, leveraging observed in situ temperature spectra. By systematically evaluating key parameters—including thermal diffusivity, target depth, domain length, dominant frequency components, and boundary conditions—the proposed methodology demonstrates a robust capability to quantify hydraulic flux variability. Notably, the results under the second boundary condition (prescribed inlet temperature, constrained outlet heat flux) align with temperature spectral observations, reinforcing the validity of this spectral-based approach. This research enhances the ability to resolve hydraulic flux in heterogeneous subsurface environments, providing insights into its potential range and uncertainty at varying depths. The findings offer a practical and adaptable framework for characterising vadose zone dynamics, with implications for subsurface hydrological modelling and environmental management.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Nutrient Contribution Dynamics in New Zealand Rivers","authors":"Jing Yang,&nbsp;Catherine Moore,&nbsp;Channa Rajanayaka,&nbsp;Hisako Shiona,&nbsp;Brioch Hemmings,&nbsp;Paul Oluwunmi,&nbsp;Stewart Cameron,&nbsp;Simon J. R. Woodward","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70161","url":null,"abstract":"<p>River water quality degradation poses significant challenges for catchment nutrient management. Effective catchment-scale nutrient management requires a clear understanding of how different contaminants are transported along different flowpaths. Here we investigated nutrient transport pathways and their relative contributions for two prevalent contaminants (total phosphorus: TP; and nitrate-nitrite nitrogen: NNN) at 58 river water quality sites across New Zealand, by applying the Bayesian, chemistry-assisted hydrograph separation approach, in which river flow is partitioned into three components: near-surface event flow (fast flow), seasonal shallow groundwater discharge (medium flow) and long-term groundwater discharge (slow flow). After excluding 15 sites that were impacted by dam/lake outflows or model convergence, results from 43 sites revealed that on an annual basis, medium flow contributes over 50% of annual streamflow at 19 sites and fast flow contribution exceeds 50% at 9 sites. Regarding TP load, TP is primarily transported via fast flow (26 sites), followed by medium flow (14 sites). Concerning NNN loads, most NNN originates from medium flow (25 sites). Correlation analysis with upstream catchment characteristics indicated that annual flow is most highly correlated with precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, followed by geomorphologic factors (e.g., slope) and livestock density, whereas TP loads are most strongly correlated with the number of days with high rainfall, catchment elevation and dairy cow density, and NNN loads are most correlated with annual temperature, geomorphology and geology factors (e.g., slope), as well as land cover (e.g., pastoral) and livestock density which serve as sources of NNN. These findings provide valuable insights for both surface and subsurface transport pathways in New Zealand. The approach offers a practical framework for similar assessments in other regions, to mitigate water quality degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructing an Integrated Model of Water and Salt Movement in Irrigation Districts","authors":"Boyu Mi,&nbsp;Haorui Chen,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Guan,&nbsp;Xu Xu,&nbsp;Yuan Tao,&nbsp;Liang Wei,&nbsp;Zhijun Jia,&nbsp;Ping Miao,&nbsp;Hongli Ma,&nbsp;Yong Liu,&nbsp;Dequan Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaojun Fu","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70165","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Irrigation and drainage regulations significantly shape the water and salt dynamics in arid and semiarid irrigation districts. While many numerical models have been developed to study water and salt movement, few incorporate regulatory constraints. This study aims to enhance an existing water flow model by adding a salt transport module and conducting a sensitivity analysis, calibration and validation. The experiments were carried out in the Shahaoqu subirrigation zone of the Hetao Irrigation District in 2018 and 2019, with data on soil moisture and salinity, groundwater table and salinity and ditch water levels collected multiple times per month. A one-at-a-time sensitivity analysis assessed the impact of key parameters on irrigation, evapotranspiration, drainage, groundwater supply and soil water and salt concentration in the top 1 m, revealing that ditch spacing, saturated soil water content and specific yield were the most critical parameters. Model calibration and validation were performed with 2018 and 2019 data, respectively, achieving a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.63 for both periods. It successfully simulated key phenomena such as salt leaching during initial irrigation and salt concentration increases in subsurface layers. This integrated model provides a valuable tool for simulating water and salt movement under varying irrigation and drainage regulations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards Interpreting Machine-Learning Models for Multi-Step Ahead Daily Streamflow Forecasting","authors":"Ruonan Hao,&nbsp;Huaxiang Yan","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70163","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Streamflow forecasting using interpretable machine learning methods (MLs) for exploring runoff processes has received a lot of attention. However, exploring multi-step ahead daily streamflow forecasting considering antecedent streamflow as an input for various interpretable MLs is very limited. Thus, three interpretable MLs for daily streamflow forecasting in the Huaihe River basin of China during 2002–2020, including eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), long short-term memory neural network (LSTM) and convolutional neural network (CNN) with SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method, were implemented to study the role of potential controlling factors, including antecedent streamflow, soil moisture and vegetation growth, in runoff processes at lead times of 0–6 days. The forecasting performances decreased with lead times. Specifically, the LSTM model performed best at lead times of 0–3 days, followed by CNN and XGBoost. CNN was superior to LSTM and XGBoost models when the lead time was greater than 3 days. The optimal forecasting performances were 0.71–0.97, 311.45–674.27 m³/s, 0.84–0.97 and 0.75–0.97 according to Nash-Sutclife efficiency, root-mean-square error, correlation coefficient and Kling-Gupta efficiency, respectively. The interpretable results varied across different MLs and at different lead times. The antecedent streamflow consistently dominated the runoff processes, particularly in the LSTM and XGBoost models. However, the significant role of soil moisture at the depth of 28–100 cm and leaf area index for low vegetation gradually emerged with increased lead times for CNN models, even outranking the importance of antecedent streamflow. Furthermore, the interpretability demonstrated by the optimal machine learning models was validated through the infiltration model and uncertainty analysis. Overall, interpretable machine learning has great potential to enhance our understanding of basin-scale runoff processes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the Impact of Changed Soil Properties on the Sharp Increase in Slope Erosion Following a Shallow Landslide","authors":"Sha Chen,&nbsp;Songbai Wu,&nbsp;Li Chen,&nbsp;Wenzhao Guo,&nbsp;Sheng Hu,&nbsp;Haijun Qiu","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70160","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The abrupt changes of soil properties after shallow landslides were found to greatly increase the soil erosion on loess slopes in field and laboratory experiments in Loess Plateau, but which properties play the dominant role under various conditions is still unclear. To address this issue, a simplified runoff and soil erosion model was applied to quantitatively identify the contribution of four changed properties at the landslide scar on soil erosion aggravation after a shallow landslide. The slope angle, soil, and the length and location of the landslide scar were further analysed in detail to determine if the dominant roles vary with these parameters. The results show the model can accurately simulate the sediment yields before and after shallow landslides. After shallow landslides, the increasing rainfall excess rate and soil erodibility play dominant roles in soil erosion aggravation, which cause 4.95–90.75 and 3.08–17.92 times larger sediment yields, respectively, than those before shallow landslides. Moreover, the effects of increasing rainfall excess rate and soil erodibility can complement and reinforce each other in the soil erosion aggravation following a shallow landslide. A sensitivity analysis shows that the dominant factors remain unchanged, even though the impacts of changed soil properties on soil erosion aggravation can vary substantially for different slope angles and shallow landslide characteristics. In addition, using a temporally varying soil erodibility in the landslide path can account for the impact of remnant loose soil over there, and the simulation agrees much better with the observations. These results are expected to deepen our understanding of how shallow landslides aggravate the following soil erosion and formulate an optimal strategy to control the combined gravity-hydraulic erosion in the Loess Plateau.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143949926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subsurface Lateral Flow in Steep Granite Slope and Its Relation to Benggang Erosion","authors":"Hao Zhang,&nbsp;Wenkai Li,&nbsp;Ziqiang Zou,&nbsp;Shengjie Li,&nbsp;Lu Qin,&nbsp;Zhengcao Tian,&nbsp;Yangbo He,&nbsp;Lirong Lin,&nbsp;Jiazhou Chen","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70157","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rainfall-induced soil slope failures represent a widespread issue, with subsurface lateral flow (SLF) playing a pivotal role in slope hydrological processes and stability. Monitoring SLF remains challenging owing to its spatially heterogeneous distribution and complex pathways. Through continuous soil moisture monitoring on steep granite slopes from 2016 to 2022, this study estimated SLF dynamics using the Soil Moisture Mass Balance (SWMB) method and SEEP/W numerical modelling. The results demonstrated that SLF frequency exhibited a positive correlation with rainfall frequency, with the highest annual mean SLF (1811.0 mm) recorded at the downslope position near the Benggang wall, followed by the midslope (1605.6 mm) and upslope (1211.3 mm). Saturated SLF developed when antecedent soil water content reached the field capacity on the upslope (0.38 cm³/cm³) and midslope (0.36 cm³/cm³) and approached the field capacity on the downslope (0.31 cm³/cm³), with the precipitation exceeding 20 mm. Benggang wall collapses were observed during heavy rainfall events, with cumulative SLF at the downslope position before the collapse of the Benggang wall reaching more than 238.4 mm. The SWMB method failed to estimate the SLF during long-duration or heavy rainfall events. Compared to the SEEP/W model, the SWMB method underestimated the SLF, exhibiting an average discrepancy of 527.1 mm during collapse events. The findings confirm that SLF is an important reason for the instability of the steep slope, and the saturated SLF can indicate the Benggang wall collapse.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143939207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and Temporal Variability of River Water Quality","authors":"Linus S. Schauer,&nbsp;James W. Jawitz,&nbsp;Matthew J. Cohen,&nbsp;Andreas Musolff","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70154","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The deterioration of stream water quality threatens ecosystems and human water security worldwide. Effective risk assessment and mitigation requires spatial and temporal data from water quality monitoring networks (WQMNs). However, it remains challenging to quantify how well current WQMNs capture the spatiotemporal variability of stream water quality, making their evaluation and optimisation an important task for water management. Here, we investigate the spatial and temporal variability of concentrations of three constituents, representing different input pathways: anthropogenic (NO₃⁻), geogenic (Ca²⁺) and biogenic (total organic carbon, TOC) at 1215 stations in three major river basins in Germany. We present a typology to classify each constituent on the basis of magnitude, range and dominance of spatial versus temporal variability. We found that mean measures of spatial variability dominated over those for temporal variability for NO₃⁻ and Ca²⁺, while for TOC they were approximately equal. The observed spatiotemporal patterns were robustly explained by a combination of local landscape composition and network-scale landscape heterogeneity, as well as the degree of spatial auto-correlation of water quality. Our analysis suggests that river network position systematically influences the inference of spatial variability more than temporal variability. By employing a space–time variance framework, this study provides a step towards optimising WQMNs to create water quality data sets that are balanced in time and space, ultimately improving the efficiency of resource allocation and maximising the value of the information obtained.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wave Motion and Sediment Resuspension Influenced by Aquatic Vegetation With Varying Morphologies","authors":"Yinghao Zhang,&nbsp;Xiao Zhang,&nbsp;Wenjuan Yuan,&nbsp;Zhanfei Zhang,&nbsp;Xijun Lai","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70158","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Wind-driven sediment resuspension is a common phenomenon and impacts water quality and ecological balance in shallow lake systems. Aquatic vegetation (AV) alters the local hydrodynamics and thus influences the sediment resuspension processes, with its morphology as one of the most important factors. To understand the effect of AV on wave and sediment motion, field experiments were conducted for a year across a complete plant growth cycle in Dongping Lake, China. The vegetation morphology, water velocity, suspended sediment concentration, and wind direction/velocity were monitored within a patch of submerged flexible vegetation (i.e., <i>Potamogeton crispus</i>). Results showed that the existence of AV not only dampened the significant wave height (<i>H</i>_<i>s</i>) within the patch, but also attenuated the in-canopy wave orbital velocity (<i>U</i>_{<i>w_horiz</i>}) compared with the water surface, which indicated a dual reduction for near-bed wave velocity compared with bare-bed conditions. Variations of wave height and velocity reduction were related to vegetation morphological parameters. With vegetation experiencing its flourishing to senescent stages, the decrease of plant roughness density (i.e., from 3.89 to 1.81) weakened the wave velocity attenuation (i.e., from 12.7% to 5.4%). In the present study, the near-bed wave velocity in the centre of the vegetation patch was reduced by 40%–55%, even for the cases with vegetation in the senescent stage. The reduced near-bed wave velocity increased the critical velocity for sediment incipient motion from 3.0 cm/s for bare-bed conditions to 5.0 cm/s in vegetated cases. Besides, relationships between near-bed sediment concentration and hydrodynamics demonstrated wave dominance in resuspension initiation, transitioning to combined wave-current control during sustained suspension events. This study highlighted the effect of vegetation morphology induced by phenological evolution on wave-sediment motion, and its results have great significance for water pollution control and ecological restoration in shallow lakes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143930529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability in Hydrologic Response to Wildfire Between Snow Zones in Forested Headwaters","authors":"Q. M. Miller,&nbsp;D. M. Barnard,&nbsp;M. G. Sears,&nbsp;J. C. Hammond,&nbsp;S. K. Kampf","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70151","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rising temperatures and shifting fire regimes in the western United States are pushing fires upslope into areas of deep winter snowpack, where we have little knowledge of the likely hydrologic impacts of wildfire. We quantified differences in the timing and magnitude of stormflow responses to summer rainstorms among six catchments of varying levels of burn severity and seasonal snowpack cover for years 1–3 after the 2020 Cameron Peak fire. Our objectives were to (1) examine whether responsiveness, magnitude, and timing of stormflow responses to rainfall vary between burned and unburned catchments and between snow zones, and (2) identify the factors that affect these responses. We evaluated whether differences in storm hydrograph peak flow, total flow, stage rise, and lag to peak time differed by snow zone and burn category using generalised linear models. Additional predictors in these models are the maximum 60-min rainfall intensity for each storm, the cumulative potential water deficit prior to the storm, and the year post-fire. These models showed that the high snow zone (HSZ) has higher total stormflow than the low snow zone (LSZ), likely due to the higher soil moisture content in that area. In both snow zones, the biggest driver of the magnitude of the stormflow response was MI₆₀. Burn category did not have a clear impact on stormflow response in the HSZ, but it did impact stage rise at the severely burned catchment in the LSZ. This was the only site that had widespread overland flow post-fire. These results demonstrate that the stormflow responses to fire vary between snow zones, indicating a need to account for elevation and snow persistence in post-fire risk assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}