Hydrological Processes最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of Snow Cover Fraction Parameterizations for High Resolution Snowpack Reanalyses","authors":"L. Sourp,&nbsp;V. Pedinotti,&nbsp;E. Alonso-González,&nbsp;L. Jarlan,&nbsp;S. Gascoin","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70491","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hyp.70491","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent advances in spatially-distributed snow water equivalent (SWE) estimations have benefited from the assimilation of remotely sensed snow-covered area data, especially in mountain regions where precipitation variability is poorly known. Such data assimilation frameworks depend on a snow cover fraction (SCF) parameterization, that is, an observation operator which maps variables from the model space (e.g., snow depth, SWE) to the observation space (snow-covered fraction of a model grid cell area). This parameterization has been subject to many studies with coarse resolution models (&gt; 1 km) but the conclusions are not applicable to snowpack models of a few hundred meters since this parameterization is known to be scale-dependent. Here, we assess the performance of several SCF parameterizations within a 100 m resolution data assimilation framework in a mountainous region with Mediterranean climate (Tuolumne river basin, USA). We design three experiments to assess these parameterizations, taking advantage of the accurate lidar snow depth products acquired by the Airborne Snow Observatory (ASO) to reduce model forcing uncertainties using the particle batch smoother. Despite its simplicity, an asymptotic parameterization performs the best with an SCF RMSE of 16%. Then we assimilate SCF maps derived from the ASO observations and the asymptotic function still performs the best with a snow depth RMSE of 0.40 m. Finally, we assimilate 500 m SCF from MODIS products and find that the asymptotic parameterization and the parameterization accounting for pre-melt subgrid SWE variability yielded similar results in terms of posterior snow depth with an RMSE of 0.33 m. Both parameterizations are well suited to improve high resolution SWE or snow depth estimates through the assimilation of remote sensing SCF in such mountainous and climatic context.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70491","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147707974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Superposition of Climate Change and Anthropogenic Pressure Threatens Blue Water Resources in Tunisia","authors":"Khaoula Khemiri,&nbsp;Anis Chekirbane,&nbsp;Daniele Penna,&nbsp;Christian Massari","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70501","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hyp.70501","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The combined effects of climate change (CC) and anthropogenic activities, particularly land use/land cover change (LULCC) and irrigation on water resources in North Africa remain insufficiently explored. This study presents an integrated, data-driven assessment of surface and groundwater responses in a representative agro-hydrological basin in northern Tunisia, characterised by a reservoir used for irrigation (Chiba watershed) under both historical and projected CC and LULCC scenarios. Using the SWAT hydrological model across five periods (P0: 1993–2014; P1: 1993–2003; P2: 2004–2014; and projections for the 2030s and 2050s), we integrated bias-corrected climate data from CMIP6 general circulation models (GCMs), as provided in the IPCC's Sixth Assessment Report, with seven land-use maps derived from remote sensing to simulate the impact of climate and anthropogenic drivers on blue water resources and reservoir used for irrigation. Key findings reveal a critical hydrological threshold regulating irrigation-induced groundwater recharge: monthly rainfall must exceed 15–25 mm, and reservoir storage must remain above 1.5 Mm³ to ensure groundwater recharge. Historical conditions supported sufficient irrigation-induced recharge, but future projections indicate reservoir decline, threatening water sustainability. This study highlights the fragile balance between rainfall, storage, irrigation, and recharge processes, emphasising the exposure of Mediterranean systems to climate variability. These dynamics demonstrate that without appropriate management interventions, future hydro-climatic conditions may threaten both water security and groundwater sustainability. In this context, adaptive water governance becomes crucial to maintain sustainability and ecosystem resilience under future hydro-climatic and management constraints.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147707959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When the Past Matters: How Model Initialization Can Lead to Surprises in Long-Term Simulations in Glaciated Environments","authors":"Xinyang Fan,&nbsp;Bettina Schaefli,&nbsp;Florentin Hofmeister,&nbsp;Gabriele Chiogna","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70507","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hyp.70507","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrological simulations are crucial for understanding water resource changes and developing climate change adaptation strategies. Recent modelling efforts go towards transient, fully distributed simulations to shed light on the long-term evolution of hydrological systems rather than just a glimpse into future streamflow. This development comes, however, with a hitherto understudied challenge: the role of model initialization and evolution of model topography on distributed long-term simulation results. Here, based on an example from a high Alpine catchment in Austria, we emphasize the importance of proper surface and subsurface water storage initialization or update (e.g., glacier area and volume, soil moisture content). We show that model initialization and the inability of the model to deal with landscape evolution could cause significant errors in streamflow simulation. Due to initial-condition dependence and difficulty in external state-updating, external coupling between distributed models (e.g., between a glacier model and a hydrological model) can be inadequate for non-stationary systems. Based on our results, we underline the importance of long (&gt; 100 years) exploratory simulation runs of various slice lengths to identify potential modelling errors arising from model initialization. Most importantly, the hydrological models should be run to steady state, similar to hydrogeological modelling practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70507","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147707891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrodynamic Modelling of Flexible Woody Vegetation With Delft3D FM: Implementing Physically-Based 2D Flow–Vegetation Interaction Processes","authors":"Kaisa Västilä,&nbsp;Koen D. Berends,&nbsp;Juha Järvelä,&nbsp;Ellis Penning","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70498","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hyp.70498","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Riparian vegetation provides crucial ecosystem services but the reliable estimation of its impacts on the hydrodynamic and transport processes is limited by the oversimplified description of plants in numerical models. The aim of this paper is to improve the representation of the interactions between flow and flexible woody vegetation in the 2-dimensional hydrodynamic model D-Flow FM. We generalized the existing total resistance approach, implementing a two-way flow–vegetation interaction process allowing to correctly describe effective bed shear stress. The novelties compared to other numerical models are the realistic representation of woody plants by considering the leaf and stem area indices, the full reconfiguration process including the streamlining of leaves and bending of the stems under flow forcing, and the flexibility-generated modifications specifically for submerged conditions. 1D simulations representative of floodplain shrubs and young trees demonstrated the 3–7 times higher accuracy of the new model compared to the original model describing plants as rigid cylinders. The consideration of the foliation process supports reliable simulations from leafless to densely foliated conditions. As one of the first validation studies for submerged vegetation, we found that the proposed von Kármán scaling factor improved the predictions. Further, we preliminarily validated the new bed shear stress computation method for the rarely measured case of complex reconfiguring vegetation. We support the mainstreaming of these developments by integrating the described numerical scheme into the open-source Delft3D FM software, making it accessible to end-users. Finally, the developed model decreased the uncertainty in flow hydraulics, indicating an improved description of the physical system. Thus, the advances serve for improving understanding of the impacts of varying vegetation conditions on broader hydrological, transport and water quality processes in rivers and floodplains. As the developed model has constant vegetative parameter values under variable conditions, it is expected to improve predictions particularly under non-calibrated conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70498","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147707893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking Event-Scale Precipitation Partitioning Reveals Comparable Roles of Event Characteristics and Seasonality in Shaping Precipitation Fate in a Forested Landscape","authors":"Hatice Türk,&nbsp;Christine Stumpp,&nbsp;Michael Stockinger,&nbsp;Paolo Benettin","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70466","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hyp.70466","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The partitioning of precipitation into streamflow (<i>Q</i>) and evapotranspiration (ET) is critical for plant water availability, nutrient transport and catchment functioning. Precipitation characteristics and the season in which they occur play a key role in how precipitation is partitioned within a catchment across different time scales. Previous studies have shown that precipitation volume and intensity may shape catchment storm response and storm event water fractions in streamflow, and that precipitation occurring in different seasons can be partitioned differently (e.g., comparing winter vs. summer inputs). In this study, we analysed the effects of precipitation event characteristics and season of occurrence on precipitation partitioning at the event scale on a daily time step using a 1-year tracking period for each event. This is critical to explore legacy effects of event characteristics on water fluxes over extended timescales and is relevant for understanding catchment-scale hydrological functioning. We compared the cumulative partitioning fractions of individual events using a forward transit time modelling approach. We integrated hydrometeorological and stable water isotope data with a tracer-aided transport model based on StorAge Selection (SAS) functions and estimated precipitation partitioning across different event types (mild, moderate, and intense) and seasons in a forested headwater catchment (Wüstebach, Germany). The results showed that summer and spring precipitation returned to the atmosphere more rapidly (<i>T</i> ≤ 100 days) and in greater proportion than autumn and winter precipitation (<i>T</i> ≤ 200 days). Mild and intense events, both within and across seasons, showed differences in the magnitude and timing of precipitation partitioning into evapotranspiration, streamflow, and storage during the 1-year tracking period. Intense autumn precipitation returned to the atmosphere 30% less than mild events. Variations in precipitation partitioning across event types were comparable to those observed across seasons, suggesting that event characteristics play an equally important role as seasonality in determining the fate of precipitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70466","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147707892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropogenic Hydrological Regulation Drives Carbon Pool Dynamics in the Alluvial Wetlands of the Lower Yellow River","authors":"Jin Zhang,&nbsp;Kaiyuan Yang,&nbsp;Qitao Yi,&nbsp;Silke Wieprecht,&nbsp;Huarui Li,&nbsp;Bin Ji","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70511","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hyp.70511","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alluvial wetlands are vital river components and crucial nodes of the carbon cycle, yet the response of their surface soil carbon pools to anthropogenically regulated hydrological rhythms is not fully understood. Surface soil samples were collected from the alluvial wetlands of the lower Yellow River (LYR) during three distinct hydrological seasons preceding and following a Water and Sediment Regulation Scheme (WSRS) event. The gradient acid hydrolysis method was used for carbon fractionation (labile carbon (LP-C) and recalcitrant carbon (RP-C) fractions) in soil, and water and soil physicochemical parameters were monitored to assess the effects of anthropogenic hydrological regulation on surface soil carbon content and stability within alluvial wetlands. Results indicated that total carbon and LP-C concentrations in the alluvial wetland soil reached their highest levels during the WSRS-imposed high-flow periods, with 13.75 ± 2.47 g/kg and 7.34 ± 3.18 g/kg, respectively. Further correlation analysis indicated that alterations in hydrologic conditions under WSRS primarily influence the composition and stability of soil carbon by modulating suspended sediment (SS) input fluxes and soil environmental characteristics. In light of these findings, under the scenario of increasingly intense anthropogenic regulation of hydrological rhythms, enhancing SS deposition, restoring wetland vegetation, and reducing soil respiration represent potential pathways to improve carbon pool capacity in alluvial wetlands. This study highlights the important role of anthropogenic hydrological regulation in wetland carbon storage and cycling processes, providing valuable insights for the river carbon budget of regulated river systems under changing environments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147707922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the Sensitivity of Yukon River Biogeochemical Dynamics to Environmental and Chemical Drivers: Implications for Dissolved Organic Carbon","authors":"Amadini M. Jayasinghe,&nbsp;Georgina A. Gibson,&nbsp;Nicole Jeffery,&nbsp;Jaclyn Clement Kinney,&nbsp;Anastasia Piliouras","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70471","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hyp.70471","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Riverine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a critical biogeochemical component that transmits information from Arctic soils to the Arctic Ocean, significantly influencing carbon dynamics in this unique ecosystem. As DOC travels downstream, it undergoes transformations that alter its composition and fate. The Yukon River serves as an effective testbed for modelling these dynamics, offering sufficient scale to capture key biogeochemical processes while having a simpler hydrology than other major Arctic rivers, as well as long-term DOC observational data for model validation. To investigate DOC transformations during transit in the Yukon River, we adapted our Arctic Riverine Organic Macromolecular Model by applying regional-specific parameterisations. Our model simulates the transport and transformation of 15 organic macromolecules, including CDOM (coloured dissolved organic matter), proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, lignin phenols, and humic substances. Initial DOC concentrations were derived from observed soil organic carbon stocks in the surrounding watershed, while chemical transformations and hydrological dynamics were modelled along the river's course. Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses were conducted using a Monte Carlo approach under two experimental setups. Results revealed that variability in DOC and CDOM concentrations at the river mouth were predominantly driven by initial DOC concentration (~70% of variability explained) and dilution at confluence points (~10%). The refractory fraction of DOC explained 21%–88% of the variability in 14 macromolecular concentrations and ranked in the top five sensitive parameters for all outputs when a uniform parameter distribution was assumed. However, when a more likely variability was applied to this parameter, its influence on DOC and CDOM decreased. Given that refractory DOC accounts for ~80% of total DOC in Arctic Rivers, this suggests that most DOC resists degradation and retains its chemical composition during transport to the coastal environment. River velocity, which determines residence time, explained 8%–47% of the variability in protein, polysaccharide, lipid, pigments, and lignin phenols at the river mouth. In contrast, chemical turnover times contributed only 1%–5% to output variability. Our findings underscore the need for improved land-specific headwater observations, including seasonal soil moisture and lateral transport dynamics that control the initial tributary-specific DOC inputs. With accelerated permafrost thaw and increasing river discharge, extending our model to other Arctic River systems and seasons will enhance understanding of Arctic riverine carbon fluxes and their contributions to the Arctic Ocean.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70471","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147708340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recharge and Salinization of Porewater in an Aquifer-Aquitard System in Quanzhou Bay, China","authors":"Chunlei Liu,&nbsp;Yanian Zhang,&nbsp;Jing Li,&nbsp;Ya song Li,&nbsp;Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Xinyue Jiang,&nbsp;Binghui Zhang,&nbsp;Yongchao Cai","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70492","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hyp.70492","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To ascertain the origin and salinisation of porewater in Quanzhou Bay, China, the chemical and isotopic compositions of groundwater samples collected from aquifers and porewater samples extracted from three 10-m depth Holocene boreholes were analysed. Aquifer groundwater is dominated by freshwater with a ³H content ranging from 1.7 to 2.8 TU, suggesting modern precipitation recharge. Aquitard porewater shows an increasing salinity from 146.2 to 7645.4 mg/L towards the sea. The relationship between δ¹⁸O and δ²H, and the positive correlation between δ¹⁸O and Cl⁻, along with the average mass Cl/Br ratio of 348.3, indicate that the saline porewater is of marine origin. However, in the inland CZ02 and CZ03 boreholes, the porewater is fresh, and the original seawater in the marine layer has been flushed out. The high NO₃⁻ concentrations and lower Cl/Br ratio of 58.6 observed in the shallow aquifer-aquitard system indicate manure and sewage input, as well as the decomposition of marine organic matter. In addition to seawater, porewater chemical compositions have been further modified by mineral dissolution and cation exchange and adsorption, as suggested by typical ion ratios and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios ranging from 0.70727 to 0.70959. A typical cross-sectional paleo-hydrogeologic model presented the groundwater salinity evolution throughout the Holocene. The saline porewater, originating from the Holocene transgression, is still trapped within the thin marine aquitard in the bedrock-dominated coastal zone and affects the groundwater salinity and chemicals in the adjacent aquifer. While most of the shallow groundwater has been freshened by infiltrated rainfall. These findings suggest that the intrusion of paleo-saline water at the coastal interface may be a primary contributor to groundwater salinisation. Furthermore, during submarine groundwater discharge, elevated nitrate concentrations in the aquitard-aquifer system may potentially contribute to future ocean eutrophication and acidification.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147585094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Transpiration to Microclimate and Soil Moisture Conditions in Different Slope Aspects of a Plateau Gorge in Subtropical Monsoon Climate Zones","authors":"Zhiying Yang,&nbsp;Yuan Li,&nbsp;Qiuwen Zhou,&nbsp;Kaiping Li","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70480","DOIUrl":"10.1002/hyp.70480","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Climate change profoundly influences local microclimates, and plant transpiration processes are directly regulated by these microclimatic conditions. As a key topographic factor, mountain slope aspects shape local microclimatic characteristics through the redistribution of hydrothermal resources. Although plant growth and physiological processes are more directly influenced by local microclimates than by macroclimates, the differentiated responses of plant transpiration dynamics to environmental factors across different slope aspects and their underlying driving mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates <i>Zanthoxylum bungeanum</i> forests on sunny and shady slopes at the same altitude in plateau gorges within a subtropical monsoon climate zone. Through in situ monitoring of sap flow (SF), local meteorological factors, soil water content (SWC) and stable isotope composition, we explored the effects of differences in microclimate and SWC on plant transpiration and water use strategies. The results showed that: (1) Water use patterns exhibited significant seasonal and slope-related differences. During the rainy season, plants on both slopes primarily relied on shallow soil water. In the dry season, plants on the shady slope consistently utilised deep soil water (30–60 cm), whereas plants on the sunny slope rapidly shifted to using shallow and intermediate water sources following light rainfall, facing a higher risk of water source depletion. (2) During both dry and rainy seasons, SF on both slopes was primarily driven by vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and air temperature (Ta), which exerted threshold control effects on SF. These thresholds varied with slope aspect and season. Specifically, the VPD threshold during the rainy season was sunny slope (2.7 kPa) &lt; shady slope (3.2 kPa); during the dry season, it was sunny slope (31.9°C) &gt; shady slope (30.1°C). The Ta threshold during the rainy season was sunny slope (34.3°C) &lt; shady slope (38.4°C); during the dry season, it was sunny slope (31.9°C) &gt; shady slope (30.1°C). Furthermore, the stomatal conductance of plants on the shady slope was more sensitive to changes in VPD and Ta than that of plants on the sunny slope. Therefore, under drought conditions, plants on the shady slope exhibited a more robust water use strategy, with greater stability in transpiration and stomatal regulation, significantly reducing the risk of hydraulic dysfunction and demonstrating stronger drought adaptability compared to plants on the sunny slope.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recharge and Salinization of Porewater in an Aquifer-Aquitard System in Quanzhou Bay, China","authors":"Chunlei Liu,&nbsp;Yanian Zhang,&nbsp;Jing Li,&nbsp;Ya song Li,&nbsp;Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Xinyue Jiang,&nbsp;Binghui Zhang,&nbsp;Yongchao Cai","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70492","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To ascertain the origin and salinisation of porewater in Quanzhou Bay, China, the chemical and isotopic compositions of groundwater samples collected from aquifers and porewater samples extracted from three 10-m depth Holocene boreholes were analysed. Aquifer groundwater is dominated by freshwater with a ³H content ranging from 1.7 to 2.8 TU, suggesting modern precipitation recharge. Aquitard porewater shows an increasing salinity from 146.2 to 7645.4 mg/L towards the sea. The relationship between δ¹⁸O and δ²H, and the positive correlation between δ¹⁸O and Cl⁻, along with the average mass Cl/Br ratio of 348.3, indicate that the saline porewater is of marine origin. However, in the inland CZ02 and CZ03 boreholes, the porewater is fresh, and the original seawater in the marine layer has been flushed out. The high NO₃⁻ concentrations and lower Cl/Br ratio of 58.6 observed in the shallow aquifer-aquitard system indicate manure and sewage input, as well as the decomposition of marine organic matter. In addition to seawater, porewater chemical compositions have been further modified by mineral dissolution and cation exchange and adsorption, as suggested by typical ion ratios and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios ranging from 0.70727 to 0.70959. A typical cross-sectional paleo-hydrogeologic model presented the groundwater salinity evolution throughout the Holocene. The saline porewater, originating from the Holocene transgression, is still trapped within the thin marine aquitard in the bedrock-dominated coastal zone and affects the groundwater salinity and chemicals in the adjacent aquifer. While most of the shallow groundwater has been freshened by infiltrated rainfall. These findings suggest that the intrusion of paleo-saline water at the coastal interface may be a primary contributor to groundwater salinisation. Furthermore, during submarine groundwater discharge, elevated nitrate concentrations in the aquitard-aquifer system may potentially contribute to future ocean eutrophication and acidification.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147585184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}