Hydrological Processes最新文献

{"title":"Modelling High-Alpine Karst Runoff With Coupled Snow Models of Different Complexity Levels at Mount Zugspitze","authors":"Roberta Facchinetti,&nbsp;Elias Bögl,&nbsp;Karl-Friedrich Wetzel,&nbsp;Jakob Knieß,&nbsp;Paul Schattan,&nbsp;Christian Voigt,&nbsp;Karsten Schulz,&nbsp;Franziska Koch","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70605","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High-alpine, snow-dominated karst catchments are among the most challenging environments for hydrological modelling due to complex topography, heterogeneous snow distribution, and limited discharge observations. The representation of snow processes has significant implications for simulated runoff generation and water balance partitioning, yet direct comparisons in karst settings remain scarce. Two model configurations are compared for the Partnach Spring Catchment (PSC), a single-outlet karst system at Mt. Zugspitze (Northern European Alps, Germany), over the hydrological years 2015–2025. A fully conceptual CemaNeige–GR4H setup is evaluated against a hybrid configuration combining Alpine3D with GR4H routing. Alpine3D snow simulations are independently validated using point-scale snow depth and snow water equivalent (SWE) measurements, as well as Sentinel-2-derived snow-covered area (87 scenes). Both configurations achieve strong discharge performance (calibration Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE): 0.92 ± 0.01 vs. 0.91 ± 0.01; validation KGE: 0.82 ± 0.07 vs. 0.87 ± 0.03), though 41.3% of discharge observations are missing, concentrated in winter months, limiting seasonal evaluation. The hybrid configuration shows improved temporal transferability despite requiring fewer calibration parameters (2 vs. 5). Annual water balances align within 0.16%, yet the conceptual configuration compensates through up to 78% greater routing storage capacity, masking structural differences in internal process representation. These results show that lumped routing structures can reproduce discharge dynamics in complex, snow-dominated karst systems regardless of snow and boundary layer model complexity. However, the hybrid approach provides clear advantages for representing spatial snow dynamics and for gaining process-level understanding of high-alpine hydrology.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70605","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability in the Vineyard: A Multi-Method Approach in Determining Grapevine Evapotranspiration Across Different Varietal Blocks","authors":"Jessica Williamson,&nbsp;Richard Petrone,&nbsp;Riccardo Valentini,&nbsp;Andrew Reynolds","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70636","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vineyards are highly heterogeneous systems where climate, soil, and management parameters can influence water loss by evapotranspiration (ET) across many spatial and temporal scales. To address vineyard variability of ET a multi-method approach combining the use of in-field atmometer ET gauges and the FAO-56 dual crop coefficient procedure was employed. Spatial variability was addressed at two research sites in the Niagara (Ontario, Canada) growing region, Beamsville and Jordan, across three different cultivars: Chardonnay, Riesling, and Pinot Noir. It was hypothesised that variability in climatic controls including air temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, and wind dynamics would influence the variability in crop ET for each cultivar at both vineyards. Atmometer reference ET (ET₀) and water stress adjusted crop ET (ETcadj) were consistent for white cultivars across each study site. Pinot Noir grapevines, however, exhibited lower daily atmometer ET₀, likely due to increased canopy shading or reduced wind turbulence to the canopy. The coefficient K_cb, which accounts for transpiration, was consistent for all cultivars at both sites, while K_e, the evaporation coefficient, showed a relationship between the soil water balance controlling water loss, especially regarding the Pinot Noir block. Water stress, represented by K_s, was present at harvest for both Riesling blocks, and Beamsville Chardonnay and Pinot Noir, and was associated with optimal Brix concentrations, derived from the harvested grapes specific to each block. Overall, both vineyards showed importance between soil moisture and energy supplies with ET_{c adj}, suggesting that changes in water and energy availability over the growing season are climatically significant to water loss and stress within each of the vineyard blocks. The use of atmometers in-field, with adjustments by the FAO-56 dual crop coefficient approach, is a simple and cost-effective method that would allow growers to understand differences in vineyard-scale meteorology and water loss by ET across multiple spatial and temporal scales within their vineyards.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70636","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogeochemical Process Controls on Groundwater Quality in the Gran La Plata Multilayer Aquifer System, Argentina","authors":"Felipe Herrera Niño,&nbsp;Eliana Berardozzi,&nbsp;Matias H. Assandri,&nbsp;Esteban Villalba,&nbsp;Virginia Vetere,&nbsp;Silvina Carretero,&nbsp;Eduardo Kruse","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70672","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multilayer aquifer systems beneath the urbanising plains of Latin America combine intensive abstraction with a strong geological inheritance, and at their coastal margins the origin of groundwater salinity is a recurrent, often unresolved question. The Gran La Plata multilayer system, Argentina, is characterised here from 111 water samples along an inland-to-coastal transect, through a process-based reading of the major-ion signatures. Cation exchange is the dominant control (negative Chloro-Alkaline Indices in 93.2% of the 103 groundwater samples), coupled with carbonate dissolution, yielding a sodium–bicarbonate composition more advanced in the semi-confined Puelche than in the phreatic Pampeano. Within each unit, the few coastal samples (<i>n</i> = 4 in the Pampeano, <i>n</i> = 7 in the Puelche) are far more saline than inland ones (median EC roughly six times higher in the Puelche) while the exchange signature shows no matching shift, remaining a property of the unit, so salinity tracks geomorphic position, not flow domain. The coastal composition, contrasted against published isotopic and hydrodynamic evidence for the system, is most consistent with a relict palaeo-marine origin rather than active seawater intrusion from the present-day fresh estuary. These processes leave a predictable imprint on quality metrics: the sodium adsorption ratio rates nearly all samples suitable for irrigation, yet the sodium-dominance and carbonate-balance indices reveal a latent hazard, and an adjusted sodium ratio confirms its direction. The weighted drinking-water quality index, in turn, tracks geogenic mineralisation rather than direct health risk. Correctly diagnosing the dominant process is therefore a prerequisite for interpreting any quality metric. This process-first framework is transferable across the urbanising multilayer loessic aquifers of the Chaco-Pampean plain.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling and Uncertainty in Soil Moisture Modelling: A Probabilistic Deep Learning Perspective","authors":"Balazs Bischof,&nbsp;Erwin Zehe,&nbsp;Ralf Loritz","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70665","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil moisture plays a central role in terrestrial water and energy exchanges, yet its representation across spatial scales remains challenging due to strong heterogeneity, measurement uncertainty, and limited transferability of soil parameters. While deep learning models have shown skill in reproducing soil moisture dynamics at large scales, they are commonly applied deterministically, providing limited insight into predictive uncertainty and variability. Here, we apply a probabilistic deep learning framework based on Gaussian Mixture Long Short-Term Memory networks (GM-LSTMs) to model soil moisture dynamics and uncertainty across the contiguous United States using in situ observations from the International Soil Moisture Network. The model is trained and evaluated in a cross-validation setting on ungauged locations and forced with multiple meteorological datasets, with DayMet emerging as the most effective driver. Rather than focusing primarily on predictive performance, we use regional learning to examine how soil moisture dynamics and variability emerge across climatic, physiographic, and soil-textural gradients. We analyse the structure of predictive uncertainty using mixture entropy and Jensen–Shannon divergence to distinguish dispersion from distributional complexity. The model reproduces temporal dynamics and rank structure of soil moisture and outperforms ERA5-Land and SMAP benchmarks, while revealing systematic biases in absolute volumetric water content. Predictive uncertainty exhibits coherent spatial organization controlled by physiography and soil texture, and distinct moisture-dependent regimes consistent with established hydrological theory. Variability peaks at intermediate soil moisture states, in agreement with catchment-scale observations, indicating that signatures of soil moisture organization persist across scales. The results demonstrate that probabilistic data-driven modelling can provide physically interpretable information on soil moisture variability and uncertainty, and offer new perspectives on scale-robust patterns of land-surface hydrological behaviour in the absence of explicit small-scale process representation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70665","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Winter Type, Mediated by Land-Surface Processes, Controls Seasonal Discharge Variability in Culturally Critical Ecosystems in the US's Upper Midwest","authors":"Paige R. Voss,&nbsp;G.-H. Crystal Ng,&nbsp;William (Joe) Graveen,&nbsp;Rob Croll,&nbsp;Kristen Hanson,&nbsp;Hima J. Hassenruck-Gudipati,&nbsp;Daniel J. Larkin,&nbsp;Kathleen Smith,&nbsp;Nancy Schuldt,&nbsp;Darren Vogt","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70588","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With some of the fastest rates of winter warming in the contiguous U.S. projected in the Upper Midwest, Tribal natural resource managers in the region are concerned about milder winters' impacts on culturally important ecosystems. In particular, Manoomin (Ojibwemowin; Dakodiapi: Psiη; English: Wild Rice, Latin: <i>Zizania palustris</i>), an annual aquatic grass with deep cultural significance for the Ojibwe, Dakota, and other Indigenous Peoples, is extremely vulnerable to climate change impacts. Manoomin's high sensitivity to hydrologic conditions raises urgent questions about the impacts of low snowpack winters, or snow-droughts, on flow conditions. However, with most regional snow-drought studies focused on mountain settings, the impacts of snowpack changes on growing-season discharge remain uncertain in the low-relief, humid context of the Upper Midwest. Using a framework guided by Tribal collaborators, this study examined how winter snowpack affects subsequent streamflow, the role of other winter climatic variables, and the key springtime land-surface processes that mediate these connections. We categorised winters across watersheds in the Upper Midwest by different climatic metrics, and then compared discharge, evapotranspiration, leaf area index, and frost data for each winter category to characterise discharge behaviour and snowmelt pathways. Our results highlight winter snowpack as the main driver of springtime discharge, with total winter precipitation and thawing degrees as strong secondary controls. Due to suppressed evapotranspiration, high moisture inputs, and moderate frost, occasional cold/wet/high-snow winters generated both uniquely strong springtime flows that may beneficially disturb Manoomin beds before germination, as well as greater recharge that may stabilise later-season surface water levels during vulnerable stages. Warmer, wetter conditions expected with climate change fail to create comparable high springtime flow events, likely with broad, ecological consequences. Our collaborative work highlights the importance of heavy snow winters and their cross-seasonal influence in the long storage-time landscapes where Manoomin lives.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70588","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term Effects on Rill Erosion and Flow Resistance in a Wood-Biochar Amended Soil","authors":"Alessio Nicosia,&nbsp;Costanza Di Stefano,&nbsp;Gaetano Guida,&nbsp;Antonino Lucchese,&nbsp;Vincenzo Palmeri,&nbsp;Vincenzo Pampalone,&nbsp;Vito Ferro","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70663","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite growing interest in biochar as a soil amendment, its effects on erosion control remain uncertain, particularly for rill erosion. In this investigation, the short-term (i.e., 1 month after biochar addition) effects of wood-biochar on rill erosion and flow resistance were evaluated. At first, plot experiments were performed discharging a constant clear inflow into a rill incised in the original soil (rill₀) and two rills, named rill₃ and rill₅, incised in clay loam soil amended with different initial biochar concentrations <i>BC</i> (3% and 5% by weight). For each rill, the outflow discharge of the entire run was collected by a storage tank and the run was stopped when a 55 L volume was reached. The collected volumes were used to measure the corresponding weights of the eroded mixture (sediments and biochar), biochar and sediments. 3D photo reconstruction was used to obtain the Digital Elevation Models (DEM) before and after the runs and by the corresponding DEM of difference, the total volume of the eroded mixture was calculated. Measurements of water depth, hydraulic radius and flow velocity were used to calculate the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor <i>f</i> values. The results demonstrated that in the short term, the addition of <i>BC</i> = 3% is effective in reducing soil erosion by 9% as compared to the control condition, while adding <i>BC</i> = 5% determined an increase of 140% in eroded volume as, for this latter, the short-term soil particle aggregation effects are too weak and the mixture remains cohesionless. Moreover, the analysis demonstrated that the proposed flow resistance equation gives a reliable <i>f</i> estimate and this equation gives, for fixed hydraulic conditions, flow resistance that decreases with increasing <i>BC</i>. Ultimately, for the short term, <i>BC</i> higher than 3%–4% cannot be considered a good soil conservation practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70663","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Climate Change on Ecologically Sensitive Flows in the Goulburn River Basin, Australia","authors":"Sudeep Banad,&nbsp;Rajat Choudhary,&nbsp;Yongping Wei,&nbsp;Rupesh Jayaram Patil,&nbsp;C. T. Dhanya","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70666","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change is expected to substantially modify river flow regimes, yet most climate-impact studies have focused on changes in streamflow magnitude without explicitly evaluating ecologically sensitive components of the flow regime that underpin environmental-flow management. This study quantified how projected climate change may alter ecologically sensitive flow characteristics in the regulated Goulburn River, Australia. A calibrated Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used to simulate daily streamflow using bias-corrected temperature and precipitation projections from five CMIP5 General Circulation Models (GCMs) under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Ecologically sensitive flow metrics representing low-flow persistence, seasonal flow magnitude, hydrological variability, and high-flow pulse characteristics were evaluated for two future periods (2030–2050 and 2051–2080) relative to the baseline period (1980–2017). Across multiple climate models and emission scenarios, projected hydrological responses consistently indicated declining low-flow persistence, changes in seasonal-flow magnitude, increased hydrological variability and altered high-flow pulse characteristics, with the magnitude of change generally increasing under the higher-emission RCP8.5 scenario. Collectively, these responses indicate increasing risks to habitat persistence, hydraulic connectivity and ecological processes that depend on predictable flow regimes. By integrating climate projections, process-based hydrological modelling, and biologically informed flow metrics, this study moves beyond conventional discharge-based climate-impact assessments and provides a transferable framework for evaluating climate-change impacts on ecologically sensitive components of river flow regimes, thereby supporting adaptive environmental-flow management in regulated river systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70666","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attribution of Future Water Stress in a Two-Way Coupled Socioeconomic–Hydrological Framework","authors":"Tetsuya Fukuda,&nbsp;Yuichi Muto,&nbsp;Takao Yoshikane,&nbsp;Tomoko Nitta,&nbsp;Hiroaki Kawata,&nbsp;Kei Yoshimura","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70667","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Water scarcity arises from the complex interplay between socioeconomic water demand and hydrological water availability, yet most global assessments represent these components separately or through one-way coupling. This limits their ability to capture dynamic feedbacks between socioeconomic and hydrological processes. In this study, we developed a two-way coupled socioeconomic–hydrological framework linking the Global Change Analysis Model and the Integrated Land Simulator. The framework dynamically exchanges land-use and hydrological water-availability information between the two models, enabling internally consistent representation of water demand and hydrological water availability through bidirectional feedbacks. We performed century-scale simulations from 2020 to 2100 under SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, SSP3–7.0 and SSP5–8.5, with ILS at 0.5° resolution and Global Change Analysis Model operating over 32 geopolitical regions. Benchmark evaluation showed that the coupled configuration maintained statistically consistent performance in reproducing global water withdrawals and agricultural prices while modestly improving river-discharge consistency. Using this framework, we decomposed future changes in water stress into socioeconomic and hydrological contributions. Across all four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and Representative Concentration Pathways scenarios, roughly 80% of global geopolitical sub-basin area exhibits increases in water stress. Areas where hydrological change is the dominant contribution account for about 20% under SSP1–2.6 and SSP2–4.5, rising to roughly 30% under SSP3–7.0 and SSP5–8.5. Regionally, Africa's future water-stress intensification remains largely socioeconomic because of sustained demand growth, whereas Central Asia increasingly exhibits hydrologically driven water stress as water availability declines. These results demonstrate that future water scarcity cannot be explained by climate or socioeconomic demand alone, but is shaped by coupled socioeconomic–hydrological feedbacks. The proposed framework provides a foundation for dynamic, region-specific water resources management under future Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and Representative Concentration Pathways scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70667","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tides of the Midland: From Groundwater Into the River","authors":"Andrei-Emil Briciu","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70664","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The existence of the groundwater tides generated under the action of the earth and atmospheric tides was well documented during the last 100 years. In the last decade, other studies highlighted that the tidal signal is further transmitted from groundwater into rivers located inland, where no oceanic tide propagates. Although this signal, especially as a semidiurnal oscillation, was measured using various parameters, the available data did not yet allow a precise identification of the point where the signal is transferred from groundwater into a stream. Here we show the tidal oscillations of the missing link between the two environments. The water level time series of Antelope Spring (in Oklahoma) have significant M2 and S2 (semidiurnal tidal components) with a cumulated amplitude of up to 2.1 cm from a karst aquifer. The semidiurnal oscillations of the spring are in phase with the same type of oscillations in the gravitational acceleration and have the highest amplitudes during New Moon and Full Moon. These findings have important theoretical implications in predicting high resolution hydrographs.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70664","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interannual Variability of Streambed Hydraulic and Solute Transport Properties Quantified Using Mixed-Effects Models","authors":"Tanzila Ahmed,&nbsp;Dawn VanLeeuwen,&nbsp;Ruba A. M. Mohamed,&nbsp;Scott C. Brooks,&nbsp;Mohamad Reza Soltanian,&nbsp;Jesus D. Gomez-Velez,&nbsp;Kenneth C. Carroll","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70648","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Streambed sediment transport, scour and deposition create spatiotemporal variability in streambed properties, contributing to uncertainty in hyporheic zone characterization. Accurate statistical characterization of this variability is further complicated by spatial dependence among measurements, which must be explicitly accounted for. To examine the potential effects of mobile sediments on streambed characterization, this study evaluated year-to-year changes in streambed properties including point measurements of streambed hydraulic conductivity (<i>K</i>_<i>v</i>), hydraulic head gradients, seepage flux, and dissolved mercury (<i>Hg</i>) stream concentration and mass flux (of <i>Hg</i> into the stream) along a reach of East Fork Poplar Creek in Tennessee, USA, over three consecutive years under baseflow conditions. Anomalously high streamflow events were recorded prior to the 2019 measurements, contributing to year-over-year changes in streambed properties. Mean log-transformed <i>K</i>_<i>v</i> and inverse-square-root-transformed Hg concentration differed significantly among years, with 2019 measurements having a lower mean than those from 2017 and 2018. A comparison between a one-dimensional spatial mixed-effects model and a model assuming independence showed that ignoring spatial autocorrelation led to downwardly biased standard error estimates and inflated statistical significance. Standard errors (SEs) from models that accommodate spatial autocorrelation can be substantially larger than those from models that assume independence. This study highlights both the temporal sensitivity of streambed properties to hydrological disturbance and the importance of using statistical frameworks that explicitly account for spatial dependence when evaluating changes in hyporheic exchange and contaminant transport.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148752521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}