Hydrological Processes最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Sub-Cloud Evaporation on Precipitation Isotopes: Insights From Hourly-Scale Meteorological Assessment in a Large Lake in the East Asian Monsoon Region","authors":"Shiyong Tao,&nbsp;Jing Xu,&nbsp;Junqiang Xia,&nbsp;Yang Xiao","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70152","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sub-cloud evaporation is a critical aspect of the hydrological cycle, reducing surface precipitation totals and altering the stable isotopic composition as raindrops fall from the cloud base towards the surface. However, isotopic modelling of sub-cloud evaporation in humid climates and its implications for hydrological processes remain poorly understood, posing challenges for regional water resource management and ecological conservation. In this study, a comprehensive assessment was conducted to understand the influence of sub-cloud evaporation on precipitation isotopes in Poyang Lake, the largest freshwater lake in China. Using 4-year hourly meteorological observations from 11 national meteorological stations, we found that there was significant sub-cloud evaporation during the precipitation process in humid regions. The remaining fraction of evaporated raindrops varied between 81% and 95%, with the lowest values occurring in September and the highest in February. The monthly average ∆δ²H, ∆δ¹⁸O and ∆d-excess values ranged from 2.9‰ to 7.0‰, 0.7‰ to 1.8‰, and −7.7‰ to −2.8‰, respectively, and the sub-cloud evaporation effect during the rainy season was more intense than that during the dry season. By modifying the sub-cloud evaporation effect, precipitation isotopes monitored at the surface and estimated at the cloud base were confirmed to exhibit consistent temporal patterns on both monthly and daily scales. Sensitivity analysis revealed that precipitation isotopic changes were more sensitive to fluctuations in relative humidity and precipitation intensity under varying meteorological scenarios. The underrepresentation of low-intensity precipitation events was found to lead to a statistical underestimation of precipitation isotopic changes, and when the low-intensity events (≤ 1.0 mm/h) were excluded, the average ∆δ¹⁸O and ∆d-excess values shifted from 1.25‰ and −5.25‰ to 0.63‰ and −2.72‰, respectively. These findings contribute to a better understanding of hydrological cycle processes in Poyang Lake and other regions with similar humid climate characteristics, especially for the interpretation of regional paleohydrological records and ecohydrological mechanisms using stable isotopes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143914518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrological Implications of Urban Vegetation and Energy Dynamics in Heat and Climate Adaptation","authors":"Nurul Syahira Mohammad Harmay,&nbsp;Minha Choi","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70139","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This research paper investigates the interplay between urban vegetation, surface energy fluxes, and hydrological processes in mitigating heat and adapting to global warming. Through climate model simulation, this study explored how vegetation coverage (measured by leaf area index, LAI) and the impervious surface fraction (<i>f</i>_imp) influence hydrological dynamics, urban heat island (UHI), and energy fluxes across various climate zones within Asian cities for the period of 2000 to 2014. Kuala Lumpur and Singapore (tropical rainforest) showed significant increasing UHI trends of 0.319°C and 0.271°C/month, respectively. Bangkok and Ho Chi Minh (tropical savanna) showed a negative correlation between LAI and temperature (UHI) of −0.31 (−0.57), indicating the cooling effects of vegetation through evapotranspiration. In tropical rainforest climates, a strong positive correlation between LAI and latent heat flux highlights the critical role of water availability in modulating hydrological cycles and vegetation dynamics. Humid continental/subtropical climates showed a positive correlation between LAI and sensible heat flux, highlighting the influence of sensible heat exchange on vegetation growth. A positive correlation was demonstrated between energy fluxes and <i>f</i>_imp across all climate zones, indicating that urbanisation intensifies hydrological disruptions, exacerbating the UHI effect. This study emphasises the importance of integrating hydrological insights into urban vegetation strategies for effective heat mitigation and climate adaptation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariate Drought Characteristics and Joint Probability Analysis Under Climate Change: A Comparative Index-Based Study in Korea","authors":"Sayed Shah Jan Sadiqi,&nbsp;Eun-Mi Hong,&nbsp;Won-Ho Nam,&nbsp;Taegon Kim","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70144","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study analyses the impact of climate change on drought occurrence in the Doam Watershed using three distinct drought indices: precipitation, temperature and soil moisture. Historical data reveal shifting drought patterns influenced by changing hydrological conditions and precipitation variability. The Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) and Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) indicate a trend towards more severe droughts in spring and winter, with less severity in summer. However, the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) shows increasing severity and longer duration for droughts from winter to spring. The periodicity of drought recurrence ranges from three to 6 years, with SPI3 indicating a short interval of approximately 1 year, SPI6 and SPI12 cycles of 4–6 years and PDSI a cycle of about 6 years. Future projections suggest that droughts will become more severe and persistent, particularly, under the SSP585 scenario. Joint return period analysis highlights an increased likelihood of future droughts, with shorter return periods for specified severity or duration compared to historical data. Drought severity data fit best with a log-normal distribution, while drought duration data follow an exponential distribution. Copula-based joint distribution functions were developed, with Frank and normal copula functions selected based on evaluation criteria. These models facilitated a deeper analysis of the interdependence between drought severity and duration. The findings emphasise the need for targeted measures to address annual winter and spring droughts, as well as large-scale, extreme droughts recurring approximately every 6 years.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Hydrological Whiplash: Highlighting the Need for Better Understanding and Quantification of Sub-Seasonal Hydrological Extreme Transitions”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<p>J. Hammond, B. Anderson, C. Simeone, “Hydrological Whiplash: Highlighting the Need for Better Understanding and Quantification of Sub-Seasonal Hydrological Extreme Transitions,” <i>Hydrological Processes</i> 39, no, 3 (2015): e70113, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70113</p><p>Jonas Götte was inadvertently left out of the author list during proofing despite writing and editing portions of the article.</p><p>We apologise for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a New Laboratory Method for Water Erosion Tests Based on Transparent Soil Technique","authors":"Dongming Gu,&nbsp;Bolin Li,&nbsp;Qingqing Shao,&nbsp;Changdong Li,&nbsp;Zhaoyu Xie","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Laboratory erosion test is one of the most widely used methods for investigating the flow-driven soil erosion mechanism at small scales. However, since the soil material and running water are opaque, it is difficult to directly observe the real-time changes of the soil sample (such as the surface topography and mass variations) during the erosion process. Despite the fact that some recently developed techniques [computerised tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)] have been used to capture the internal information of materials, the broad application based on radiation scanning in geotechnical engineering is usually difficult, laborious, time-consuming and economically expensive. The main objective of this study is to develop an efficient method for creating a 3D model of soil samples based on the transparent soil technique. To achieve this goal, the preparation method of a transparent soil–rock mixture was first introduced. Then, specifically, a surface fitting algorithm based on Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBSs) was briefly described and incorporated into the programme to generate the surface of samples. Moreover, the procedure of the 3D construction method, including experimental setup, image acquisition, data processing and model output, was detailed presented. Finally, the 3D reconstruction and visualisation method were verified by applying it to the flow-driven soil erosion test. Analysis shows that the proposed method provides a reasonably efficient and accurate shape-reconstruction approach with acceptable error. The reconstruction and visualisation method could provide another feasible way to obtain evolution data in geotechnical tests.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Drought on Water Fluxes and Water-Use Efficiency in an Age-Sequence of Temperate Conifer Forests","authors":"Elizabeth Arango Ruda,&nbsp;M. Altaf Arain","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70134","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Evapotranspiration (ET) from temperate forests plays a significant role in the regional and global water cycles. However, extreme weather events such as heat and drought are affecting the water use and water use efficiency (WUE) of these forests. Climate change impacts may be more severe in plantation forests where the age of the forest plays a significant role, causing differences in their responses to environmental stresses. This study presents 14 years (2008–2021) of water flux data measured using the eddy covariance technique in an age sequence (83, 48 and 20 years as of 2021) of eastern white pine (<i>Pinus strobus</i> L.) forests in the Great Lakes region in southern Ontario, Canada. The mean annual ET was 465 ± 41, 466 ± 32 and 403 ± 21 mm year⁻¹ in the 83-, 48- and 20-year-old stands, respectively, with the highest annual water flux observed in the 83-year- old stand, which was similar to that of the 48-year-old stand. Mean annual gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) was 1585 ± 100, 1660 ± 115 and 1634 ± 331 g C m⁻² year⁻¹in the 83-, 48- and 20-year-old stands, respectively, while mean annual WUE was 3.4 ± 0.4, 3.6 ± 0.4 and 4.0 ± 0.8 g C kg H₂O year⁻¹ in the respective stands. Lower ET and relatively higher GEP resulted in the highest WUE in the youngest stand, even though the highest GEP was observed in the middle-aged stand. Air temperature (Tair) was the dominant control on ET, GEP and WUE in all three different-aged stands, while drought, characterised as the relative extractable water (REW) in the soil, had a significant impact on ET in the late summer. The results of this study further showed that forest age significantly influenced how forests responded to drought stresses. The younger stand was more efficient in carbon sequestration and water use despite exhibiting greater sensitivity to water stress and higher drought coupling. The long-term eddy covariance measurements analysed in this study have helped to enhance our understanding of water exchange processes in the temperate conifer forest ecosystems in Eastern North America. Specifically, this work contributes to a better understanding of how different-aged forests respond to extreme weather events, aiding in the development of new strategies for managing water resources and ensuring water security in the region under a changing climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70134","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of Different Agricultural Ecosystems to Different Drought Stages in Central Asia","authors":"Yanchao Zhu,&nbsp;Peng Yang,&nbsp;Jun Xia,&nbsp;Heqing Huang,&nbsp;Yaning Chen,&nbsp;Kaiya Sun,&nbsp;Lu Chen,&nbsp;Caiyuan Wang,&nbsp;Ping Yao,&nbsp;Xixi Lu","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Central Asia (CA), as a typical arid region, frequently experiences drought events, including both regular and flash droughts. However, the differential impacts of these drought stages on agricultural ecosystems with varying water sources have not been sufficiently explored. This study utilised soil moisture data from the Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS), treating flash droughts as a sub-phase of regular droughts, to identify both regular and flash droughts in CA from 1948 to 2022 and examined the responses of agricultural ecosystems with different water sources from 1982 to 2022. The results indicated that: (1) Regular droughts occurred most frequently in rainfed agricultural areas in central and southeastern CA, exceeding 50 pentads (5 days). In contrast, flash droughts were more prevalent in irrigated agricultural areas in central, southeastern and northern CA, lasting 2–5 pentads. (2) There existed a significant causal relationship between standardised normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI_Z) and soil moisture index (SSMI) across various croplands, with a lag time of 9–12 months. Both NDVI_Z and SSMI decreased with increasing drought duration, with more rapid declines observed during flash droughts. (3) Rainfed agriculture was highly sensitive to soil moisture changes with a more pronounced negative relationship, whilst irrigated agriculture reduced this negative correlation and tended to a positive correlation by improving water use efficiency. This highlights the crucial role of water resource optimisation and drought management in enhancing agricultural resilience and sustainability, providing important scientific evidence for addressing water shortages under future climate change.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inferring Snowpack Contributions and the Mean Elevation of Source Water to Streamflow in the Willamette River, Oregon Using Water Stable Isotopes","authors":"J. Renée Brooks,&nbsp;Henry M. Johnson,&nbsp;Keira Johnson,&nbsp;Steven P. Cline,&nbsp;Randy Comeleo,&nbsp;William Rugh,&nbsp;Lisandra Trine","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Snowpacks are an important water source for mountainous rivers, worldwide. The timing and volume of streamflow in systems reliant on snowmelt can be affected by changes in snow accumulation and melt time. In the Cascade Range (western USA), seasonal snowpacks are predicted to decrease by over 50% within the next century. During the last decade, Cascade Range snowpacks have varied between 17% and 150% of the median 1981–2023 peak snowpack values. To understand how snowpack variation could affect Willamette River streamflow, we monitored water stable isotopes over 13 years from two sites on the mainstem and 60 streams draining small catchments across the Willamette River Basin. Small catchment water stable isotope values integrated and dampened variation in precipitation isotopes and varied with elevation, providing a marker for determining the mean elevation from which streamflow in the Willamette River was derived. During winter, while snow accumulates in the mountains, most streamflow in the Willamette River originates from rainfall at lower elevations. During summer low-flow conditions, most streamflow in the river was derived from winter snow that accumulated at elevations above 1200 m, which represents &lt; 12% of the Willamette River Basin area. Peak snow water equivalent from the previous winter was positively correlated with the proportion of Willamette River streamflow derived from &gt; 1200 m during the summer low-flow period, but both high elevation (&gt; 1200 m) precipitation and temperature trends explained nearly as much variance as snow water equivalent. However, after accounting for climate trends, the estimated amount of high-elevation streamflow in the Willamette River during summer low-flow has decreased over the past 13 years. Improved understanding of the origin of, and trends in, summer streamflow in the Willamette River will aid in reconciling human demands with biological instream requirements during periods of low snowpack.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stuck at Home: Machine-Learning Models Predicting Solute Concentrations of One Stream Failed to Predict Solute Concentrations in Other Streams","authors":"Hollis C. Harrington,&nbsp;Mark B. Green,&nbsp;John L. Campbell,&nbsp;William H. McDowell,&nbsp;Adam S. Wymore,&nbsp;Ruth D. Yanai","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Machine-learning models have been surprisingly successful at predicting stream solute concentrations, even for solutes without dedicated sensors. It would be extremely valuable if these models could predict solute concentrations in streams beyond the one in which they were trained. We assessed the generalisability of random forest models by training them in one or more streams and testing them in another. Models were made using grab sample and sensor data from 10 New Hampshire streams and rivers. As observed in previous studies, models trained in one stream were capable of accurately predicting solute concentrations in that stream. However, models trained on one stream produced inaccurate predictions of solute concentrations in other streams, with the exception of solutes measured by dedicated sensors (i.e., nitrate and dissolved organic carbon). Using data from multiple watersheds improved model results, but model performance was still worse than using the mean of the training dataset (Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency &lt; 0). Our results demonstrate that machine-learning models thus far reliably predict solute concentrations only where trained, as differences in solute concentration patterns and sensor-solute relationships limit their broader applicability.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualisation of Flow Dynamics in Tide-Dominated Unconfined Coastal Aquifers Using Physical Experiments","authors":"Rezwana Binte Delwar,&nbsp;Nele Grünenbaum,&nbsp;Janek Greskowiak,&nbsp;Gudrun Massmann","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70114","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The physical models visually demonstrate the complexity of flow processes in unstable USP as compared to stable USP situation. These experiments, for the first time, confirm the intensified mixing under unstable USP condition. The experimental results further validate the numerically established concept that land-sourced contaminants or solute plumes will have longer residence time, if an unstable USP condition persists in coastal sandy aquifers.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143883962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}