Hydrological Processes最新文献

{"title":"Hydrologic Connectivity in Floodplain Systems: A Multiscale Review of Concepts, Metrics and Management","authors":"Hafez Ahmad,&nbsp;Leandro E. Miranda,&nbsp;Corey G. Dunn,&nbsp;Melanie R. Boudreau,&nbsp;Michael E. Colvin","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70260","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hydrologic connectivity (HC), particularly in floodplain systems, is pivotal in regulating ecosystem services by facilitating the movement of nutrients, sediments, chemicals, and biota. However, human interventions such as dam construction, levee installation, water management practices, and alterations in vegetation have significantly disrupted natural HC patterns globally. To provide a structured entry into the growing body of HC research, we conducted a systematic literature review of 1920 studies, analysing diverse definitions, influencing factors, quantification approaches, spatial and temporal scales, and management strategies. In addition to traditional review methods, our approach integrates keyword and cluster analysis to elucidate dominant research themes and trends across the literature. Our review reveals that the literature is heavily skewed towards research in North America and Europe (accounting for 72% of studies) and predominantly utilises field investigations, simulation modelling, and remote sensing integrated with geographic information systems. Although these methodologies have advanced our understanding, most studies focus on restricted spatial scales such as individual hillslopes, catchments, or stream networks and short temporal intervals, including single precipitation events or seasonal cycles. A narrow focus becomes a limitation when such studies do not contribute to broader efforts aimed at scaling insights across larger domains. These limitations highlight the potential benefits of innovative conceptual frameworks and quantification methods to better capture HC across broader environments and extended temporal scales. We conclude by discussing challenges in defining and quantifying floodplain HC and outlining potential future research directions to advance connectivity science and management, particularly in floodplain systems characterised by frequent hydrologic fluctuations, such as seasonal inundation and changing flow paths.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145101490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Sponge Analogy Problem: Moving Towards Clearer Communication of Peatland Hydrological Processes","authors":"Kirsten J. Lees,&nbsp;Colin P. R. McCarter,&nbsp;Jonathan P. Ritson,&nbsp;James M. Waddington,&nbsp;Mike Peacock,&nbsp;Martin Evans,&nbsp;Joseph Holden,&nbsp;Emma Shuttleworth,&nbsp;Adam Johnston,&nbsp;Andy J. Baird","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70267","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Peatlands are important habitats that provide a range of ecosystem services, one of which is hydrological regulation. Depending on landscape position, healthy peatlands can reduce flood risk and provide resilience to drought, while degraded peatlands can exacerbate these hydrological disturbances. There is, however, a lack of clear scientific communication, particularly in the media, and misguided public perceptions of the underlying processes that control peatland hydrological regulation. The ‘sponge analogy’, which compares peatlands to sponges which soak up water during rainfall and release it slowly later, contributes to this miscommunication by often oversimplifying the hydrological processes. In this paper we aim to understand why and how the sponge analogy is used, and to offer alternatives for clearer scientific communication. We present an analysis of media articles covering peatland hydrology, and the results of a UK survey of peatland practitioners, with a particular emphasis on the use of the sponge analogy and more descriptive alternatives. We show that the sponge analogy is widely used as a convenient explanation even when it is known to be inaccurate by practitioners. To more clearly communicate the hydrological processes in popular media, we suggest the alternative phrases ‘slow the flow’ and ‘dampen the droughts’ as more accurate descriptions of flood- limiting and drought- reducing peatland hydrological processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70267","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the Effect of Catchment Snow Cover on Stream Temperature Dynamics in a Mountainous Region","authors":"S. G. Collins,&nbsp;B. M. Pelto,&nbsp;L. M. Callahan,&nbsp;P. Friele,&nbsp;R. D. Moore","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70261","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Stream temperature is an important water quality parameter, particularly as it influences thermal habitat suitability for a range of species. Empirical models are commonly used for estimating stream temperature at locations where no or limited data exist and for making projections of stream temperature response to future climate scenarios. Previous research has shown that snow dynamics strongly influence stream temperature in mountainous regions. The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of catchment-scale fractional snow cover (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;sc&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ {f}_{sc} $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) as a predictor in temporal stream temperature models. The study focused on 26 catchments in the southern Coast Mountains of British Columbia, where stream temperature has been monitored for at least 3 years for the months of April through October between 2016 and 2020. Daily mean air temperature series were estimated for each location using the ECMWF Reanalysis v5 (ERA5) daily surface product. Daily time series of fractional snow cover in the catchment areas were extracted from the MODIS snow cover product. Mean fractional snow cover for June of each year was used as a predictor in models for the following July to October to represent the thermal memory associated with catchment snow cover. Statistical modelling indicated strong support for including &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;sc&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ {f}_{sc} $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; in May, June, September and October. For May and June, &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;sc&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ {f}_{sc} $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; was significant for catchments larger than about 10 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, but there did not appear to be an area threshold for significance for September and October. Mean June snow cover as an indicator of antecedent snow conditions was a significant predictor for some locations for July and August. Further research should explore the utility of &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;sc&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ {f}_{sc} $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; for sites with lo","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70261","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Pollutant Interception Efficiency of Eco-Revetments With Sediment Interception Measures, Using an Empirical Method","authors":"Xing Yang,&nbsp;Azhong Dong,&nbsp;Miao Hou,&nbsp;Fei Qi,&nbsp;Yan Ju,&nbsp;Songgan Weng","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70259","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eco-revetments serve as essential infrastructure for intercepting agricultural non-point source pollution (ANSP), yet standardised and quantitative evaluation methods remain limited, especially in China where design practices often rely on qualitative experience rather than systematic assessment. This study proposes an empirical method to evaluate the pollutant interception efficiency of eco-revetments equipped with sediment interception measures, based on a design project along the Jinjingtang River in Changshu City, Jiangsu Province. The pollutant removal mechanisms operate via sediment capture in interception ditches, filtration by vegetation, and absorption within sand–gravel media. To enable systematic assessment of pollutant removal efficiency, four formulas were developed to simulate the concentration–time dynamics of key pollutants, including total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and suspended solids (SS), during rainfall events. Additionally, pollutant interception efficiency for both soluble and particulate pollutants, along with flow diversion ratios across different functional modules of the eco-revetment, were defined to support comprehensive evaluation. The empirical method was applied alongside field data on farmland pollution and artificial rainfall experiments to quantitatively assess the eco-revetment's performance of the designed eco-revetment in the Jinjingtang River case study. Results showed that pollutant concentrations decreased continuously over the rainfall event, with the most pronounced reductions occurring within the initial 2 h, emphasising the critical role of early-stage interception. Soil analyses revealed average TP and TN concentrations of 719 and 1256 mg/kg, respectively, with over 90% of these pollutants bound to soil particles, highlighting the importance of sediment control via interception ditches. The assessment demonstrated interception efficiencies of 73.4%, 90.6%, and 99.0% for TN, TP, and SS, respectively, with sediment ditches accounting for over 95% of the intercepted TN and TP, and 99% of the intercepted SS. This empirical approach provides an efficient and practical tool for rapid performance evaluation of eco-revetments without reliance on complex numerical simulations or large-scale field trials, offering valuable guidance for eco-revetment design and ANSP mitigation efforts.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drivers of Historical and Future Coastal Runoff Across the Arctic and Sub-Arctic Subregions of Alaska, USA","authors":"Christina Marie Aragon,&nbsp;David Foster Hill,&nbsp;Ryan Crumley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70199","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates historical and future coastal runoff across the Arctic and sub-Arctic subregions of Alaska, USA, emphasising changes in terrestrial hydrology and their implications for coastal discharge. Using the physically based SnowModel-HydroFlow framework, historical (1991–2020) and future (2071–2100) coastal discharge climatologies were simulated, incorporating meteorological, topographic, and land cover inputs. Results reveal distinct seasonal and spatial patterns in temperature, precipitation, and snow dynamics across the Beaufort, Chukchi, Yukon, and Bristol subregions. Future projections suggest significant warming and shifts in hydrological regimes, such as increased annual precipitation and coastal discharge totals. Following a high emissions, business as usual pathway (SSP5-8.5), coastal discharge hydrographs in the Beaufort and Yukon subregions remain snow dominated with increases in discharge in nearly all months, while Chukchi and Bristol subregions shift from snow dominated to rain dominated. These changes are linked to rising temperatures, decreasing snow precipitation fractions, and altered freezing levels, with implications for water storage, timing, and availability. This research provides insights into the drivers and consequences of hydrological changes in a rapidly warming Arctic, supporting efforts to predict and mitigate the impacts on coastal and marine ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70199","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilitarian Expressions for Bedload Transport: The Role of Particle Size","authors":"Basil Gomez,&nbsp;Philip J. Soar","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70250","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We demonstrate that empirical expressions relating measures of flow strength to the dimensionless bedload transport rate apply to a broad spectrum of sand- and gravel-bed rivers. The ability of the flow to transport sediment is expressed either as the ratio of the Shields number to the critical Shields number, or the ratio of dimensionless specific stream power to a reference dimensionless specific stream power. However, the key parameter is the median size of the hydrosedimentologically dominant textural facies in the local bed material, or a distanced upstream source from which the bedload is derived. In the former case, this representative size encodes information about the calibre and amount of sediment a river must transport to balance the environmentally controlled sediment supply. Thus, our expressions depict the transport rate, governed by the chosen measure of flow strength, realised for the long-term attributes of sediment entering and stored in a river channel. Higher(lower) transport rates are associated with a plentiful(limited) sediment supply; strong(weak) hillslope-to-channel and/or reach-to-reach coupling; the relaxation(imposition) of constraints on in-channel availability; and a live(static or armoured) bed. Departures from the fitted relations are indicative of an informed adaptation to an over(under) supply of sediment, an increase(decrease) in the availability of mobile in-channel sediment, or the strengthening(deterioration) of connectivity between upstream and/or riparian sources. Prediction limits for the 90% uncertainty range accommodate this natural variability. Transport rates modulated by the reflexive in-channel regulation of sediment availability by a static or armoured bed depart from but, nonetheless, are constrained by the fitted relations, because the environmentally controlled sediment supply also determines the range of particle sizes available on the bed surface. If, however, sediment supplied by mass wasting is neither filtered nor buffered by in-channel processes, the riverbed has no “memory” of this bedload material and no coherent trend emerges.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wetland Hydrologic Synchrony and Functional Redundancy Across Contrasting Wetlandscapes","authors":"Joshua M. Epstein,&nbsp;Matthew J. Cohen","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70244","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Variation in the timing, duration, and synchrony of wetland inundation and hydrologic connectivity influences aggregate hydrologic, biogeochemical, and habitat functions of wetlandscapes (i.e., complexes of distinct wetlands embedded in uplands). To quantify and predict the redundancy of hydrological functions amongst wetlands, we measured hydrologic synchrony in three Florida wetlandscapes with contrasting morphology and connectivity patterns. Combining high frequency stage from multiple wetlands (<i>n</i> = 14–15) in each wetlandscape with LiDAR-derived topography, we measured synchrony based on wetland stage correlation and daily alignment of inundation (i.e., wet vs. dry) and surface connectivity (i.e., connected vs. disconnected) patterns. We evaluated how flowpath membership or position, wetland size, depth, and distance impacted synchrony patterns. We further evaluated whether assuming a spatially uniform planar water table across the wetlandscapes, implying perfect water level synchrony, accurately represented observed patterns. Observed synchrony was nearly perfect in the least topographically heterogeneous wetlandscape, where surface connectivity was frequent and prolonged, supporting the assumption of a spatially uniform water table. Wetland size, distance, and depth predicted synchrony, and variation in wetland hydrological function was negligible and fully attributed to topographic heterogeneity. In contrast, hydrological synchrony was lower where wetlandscape topographic heterogeneity was highest, and surface water connectivity was rare and brief. Here, flowpath membership was a significant predictor of synchrony. Hydrological redundancy of wetlands varies markedly across wetlandscapes, with aggregate landscape function degraded in proportion to wetland area loss when synchrony is high, but degraded more rapidly than the loss of area where hydrologic synchrony, and therefore redundancy, is low. With ongoing wetland losses nationally and globally, synchrony assessments inform efforts to evaluate and predict wetlandscape resilience to loss of wetland function and prioritise conservation of non-redundant wetlands to ensure the full continuum of wetlandscape structure is maintained.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145012518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of Groundwater Flow in the Deltaic Aquifer-Aquitard System","authors":"Shengchao Yu,&nbsp;Jiu Jimmy Jiao,&nbsp;Xin Luo,&nbsp;Xuejing Wang,&nbsp;Jinchao Zuo,&nbsp;Wenzhao Liang,&nbsp;Meiqing Lu,&nbsp;Hailong Li","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70255","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Groundwater flow dynamics are crucial to understanding biogeochemical processes within deltaic aquifer-aquitard system, which are characterised by complicated geological and hydrogeological conditions. In this study, the permanent multilevel groundwater monitoring system was installed at two distinct sites in the Pearl River Delta: an inland freshwater site (ShunDe) and a coastal saline site (HuangPu). By monitoring groundwater level fluctuations hourly, Fourier and spectral analyses were applied to assess the temporal variability of hydraulic heads, as well as tidal and barometric influences. Using Darcy's law considering density variations, we estimated vertical groundwater flow patterns. At the inland freshwater site (ShunDe), groundwater primarily flowed from bedrock to the basal aquifer and upward into the shallow aquifer, driven by a local flow system at a higher rate with negligible density effects. Seasonal climate shifts and changes in terrestrial water storage significantly impacted groundwater flow here, reflecting limited influence from the paleo-sedimentary environment. In contrast, at the coastal saline site (HuangPu), flow dynamics were governed by density differences. During the dry season, flow was predominately downward due to limited recharge, whereas in the monsoon season, significant recharge drove upward flow. The comparison between the inland and coastal sites highlights how paleo-sedimentary environments influence groundwater flow, shifting the system from localised to more regional flow patterns. Based on these findings, we propose a conceptual model illustrating groundwater flow dynamics in deltaic aquifer-aquitard system. This study provides direct field evidence of how paleo-sedimentary conditions shape groundwater flow systems in such settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70255","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144927474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Key Factors Influencing Soil Infiltration in Semi-Arid Watershed","authors":"Saeedreza Moazeni,&nbsp;Ali Salajegheh,&nbsp;Shahram Khalighi-Sigaroodi,&nbsp;Ali Golkarian,&nbsp;Artemi Cerdà","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70210","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Soil infiltration dynamics in arid and semi-arid regions are crucial for understanding water resource management and ecosystem sustainability. This study investigates the interplay between vegetation restoration, topographic characteristics, and soil physicochemical properties in influencing soil infiltration in a semi-arid Iranian watershed. Comparative analysis of a restored watershed and a control watershed revealed that restoration significantly improved soil properties, including a 35% increase in organic matter, a 22% decrease in bulk density, and enhanced porosity and aggregate stability. Vegetation restoration also elevated infiltration rates, particularly in high-TWI zones, and mitigated the adverse effects of compacted soils and surface crusting observed in degraded areas. Slope aspect strongly influenced hydrological performance, with north-facing slopes displaying higher infiltration rates and water retention capacity due to cooler microclimates and greater organic matter accumulation. Conversely, south-facing slopes experienced reduced hydrological functionality, highlighting the need for slope-specific restoration approaches. Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) emerged as a critical driver of soil-water interactions, with high-TWI zones supporting enhanced infiltration and soil moisture retention. These findings underscore the importance of aligning restoration strategies with local soil characteristics and topographic conditions. To optimise infiltration and bolster ecosystem resilience, adaptive management practices integrating native vegetation, targeted soil amendments, and enhanced hydrological connectivity are recommended.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144927477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking the Transport and Processing of Dissolved Inorganic Carbon, Particulate Organic Carbon and Particulate Nitrogen in Engineered Rivers and Canals","authors":"Siddhartha Sarkar,&nbsp;Sanjeev Kumar","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70257","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With a major fraction of global rivers experiencing flow intermittency and pollution, it becomes imperative to understand the changes occurring in the in-stream biogeochemical processes with increasing human footprint. This is particularly relevant for the rivers of the Indian subcontinent, which are experiencing severe engineering modifications owing to the high population density and consequent freshwater demands. In this context, the present study explores the dynamics of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), particulate organic carbon (POC), and particulate nitrogen (PN) in different segments of a highly perturbed river (Sabarmati), a relatively free-flowing river (Mahi), and an engineered canal (Narmada Canal) situated in western India, during both high and low flow conditions. Results suggested that water stagnancy leads to an increase in biomass with signatures of enhanced primary production and N₂ fixation/bacterial growth. Wastewater input resulting in a ~70 km section of anoxia in the downstream reaches of the Sabarmati was accompanied by high biomass and elevated DIC with low isotopic composition, indicating high organic matter supply and subsequent degradation. Graphical mixing models were used to estimate the source isotopic signatures and it was observed that, in the absence of allochthonous inputs due to lining along the banks, organic matter degradation was the major contributor of DIC in the engineered segments of the river. Giving a detailed insight into the complex biogeochemistry of urban rivers, the present study highlights the need to incorporate biogeochemical aspects in river development projects and policy making, and the potential role of these rivers in regulating the biogeochemistry of coastal ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144929754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}