Hydrological Processes最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the Soil Infiltration Rate of Alpine Meadows Using the Electrolyte Tracer Method","authors":"Yunyun Ban,&nbsp;Chen Shi","doi":"10.1002/hyp.15321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15321","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Grassland on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is highly susceptible to climate change and human activities, and vegetation degradation can affect biodiversity and soil erosion. Soil infiltration is a crucial water flow process that determines the amount of runoff and water storage capacity, and it is of great importance in maintaining biodiversity. This research investigated the effects of vegetation degradation and soil rates on soil infiltration rate and processes using the electrolyte tracer method. This technique accurately calculated soil infiltration rate by tracking continuous changes in the solute concentration change process throughout the experimental period and did not require calibration. Findings indicate that vegetation type, root mass, soil water content and soil porosity significantly affect soil infiltration rate. In particular, root mass was found to have a negative effect on soil infiltration rate. Soil moisture content initially dominated soil infiltration, but subsequently, soil porosity became increasingly influential in affecting infiltration in degraded meadow. Soil infiltration capacity varied more with vegetation type than with surface runoff. Shrub meadows had the highest infiltration rate followed by normal alpine meadows and degraded meadows, indicating the importance of vegetation on soil infiltration. The research also shows that mixed shrub and meadow can improve the ecological environment by introducing a more complex root system and increasing the infiltration rate. The electrolyte tracer method was used as an alternative to other methods that can be used in different environments than the one studied in this research.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"38 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142641489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Storm Intensities and the Implications on Green Stormwater Infrastructure Design","authors":"Achira Amur,&nbsp;Bridget Wadzuk,&nbsp;Robert Traver","doi":"10.1002/hyp.15333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15333","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The peak intensity that occurs during a storm event can drive the performance of a green stormwater infrastructure (GSI), which may or may not align with the expected performance of the GSI. Both the peak intensity volume and where it occurs within an event are found to influence the GSI response. The design criteria set the expectation of how well a GSI will manage stormwater within a watershed. The Villanova University bioinfiltration rain garden (BRG) has been monitored since 2003, providing a long hydrological data record that is used to study local and observed rainfall patterns in comparison to design criteria to understand the impact of storm intensity on GSI performance. Intensities for all the storms recorded at the site were assessed at different timesteps and compared to the intensities typically used by the design storm approach in meeting regulatory criteria. There were 1482 storm events analysed and for all timesteps, the values commonly used for meeting design regulations were seen to be well above what was observed at the BRG, with 98% of the storms occurring below these values. Out of the 1482 storms, only 46 storms (3%) had effective durations longer than 10 h and no storm observed had an effective duration longer than 22 h, yet their peak intensities were still below the peak intensity associated with design regulations. This finding highlights the difference in the duration these sites are designed to manage (typically 24 h), in comparison to the ones experienced by the systems. The peak intensity analysis done at the different timesteps shows that for the storms recorded at the BRG, the intensities vary with changing time intervals and events. Of all the assessed events, only two events recorded larger intensities than the regionally specified NOAA C design storm, demonstrating the skewness of the approach. There was no trend in peak rain intensities over the 20-year rainfall record. This study concludes that due to their dynamic performance, vegetated GSI have a natural resilience to a variety of precipitation patterns and climate changes that may be compromised when designing to a static value set through design storms.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"38 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.15333","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142641495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing Urban Drinking Water Sources: Global State of the Art and Insights From an IAEA-Coordinated Research Project","authors":"Ricardo Sánchez-Murillo,&nbsp;Lucía Ortega,&nbsp;Polona Vreča,&nbsp;Klara Žagar,&nbsp;Suprina Shrestha,&nbsp;Charity Kgotlaebonywe,&nbsp;Germain Esquivel-Hernández,&nbsp;Christian Birkel,&nbsp;Giovanny M. Mosquera,&nbsp;Patricio Crespo,&nbsp;Darío Xaiver Zhiña,&nbsp;Aurel Perșoiu,&nbsp;Renata Feher,&nbsp;Arthur Ionescu,&nbsp;Bijay Man Shakya,&nbsp;Rabin Malla,&nbsp;Mouna Bissassa,&nbsp;Meriem Bellarbi,&nbsp;Mohamed Qurtobi,&nbsp;Prasanta Sanyal,&nbsp;Ajay Ajay,&nbsp;Seifu Kebede,&nbsp;Gabriel J. Bowen,&nbsp;Jean François Hélie,&nbsp;Daniele Pinti,&nbsp;Florent Barbecot,&nbsp;Sadhana Shrestha,&nbsp;Massimo Marchesi,&nbsp;Jared Van Rooyen,&nbsp;Jodie Miller","doi":"10.1002/hyp.15312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15312","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Climate change, inter-annual precipitation variability, recurrent droughts and flash flooding, coupled with increasing water needs, are shaping the co-evolution of socioeconomic and cultural assemblages, water laws and regulations, and equitable drinking water access and allocation worldwide. Recognising the need for mitigation strategies for drinking water availability in urban areas, the Isotope Hydrology Section of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) coordinated a state-of-the-art global assessment to evaluate water sources and distribution of drinking water supply in urban centres, an initiative entitled ‘Use of Isotope Techniques for the Evaluation of Water Sources for Domestic Supply in Urban Areas (2018–2023)’. Here, we report on (a) current research trends for studying urban drinking water systems during the last two decades and (b) the development, testing and integration of new methodologies, aiming for a better assessment, mapping and management of water resources used for drinking water supply in urban settings. Selected examples of water isotope applications (Canada, USA, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Morocco, Botswana, Romania, Slovenia, India and Nepal) provide context to the insights and recommendations reported and highlight the versatility of water isotopes to underpin seasonal and temporal variations across various environmental and climate scenarios. The study revealed that urban areas depend on a large spectrum of water recharge across mountain ranges, extensive local groundwater extraction and water transfer from nearby or distant river basins. The latter is reflected in the spatial isotope snapshot variability. High-resolution monitoring (hourly and sub-hourly) isotope sampling revealed large diurnal variations in the wet tropics (Costa Rica) (up to 1.5‰ in δ¹⁸O) and more uniform diurnal variations in urban centres fed by groundwater sources (0.08‰ in δ¹⁸O) (Ljubljana, Slovenia). Similarly, while <i>d</i>-excess was fairly close to the global mean value (+10‰) across all urban centres (10‰–15‰), reservoir-based drinking water systems show lower values (up to ~ −20‰) (Arlington, TX, USA and Gaborone, Botswana), as a result of strong evapoconcentration processes. δ¹⁸O time series and depth-integrated sampling highlighted the influence of the catchment damping ratio in the ultimate intake water composition. By introducing new, traceable spatial and temporal tools that span from the water source to the end-user and are linked to the engineered and socio-economic structure of the water distribution system, governmental, regional or community-based water operators and practitioners could enhance drinking water treatment strategies (including more accurate surface water blending estimations) and improve urban water management and conservation plans in the light of global warming.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the Contributions of Riparian Vegetation and Topography to Stream Shade Using LiDAR and Conventional Digital Elevation Data","authors":"B. L. Browning,&nbsp;R. D. Moore","doi":"10.1002/hyp.15316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15316","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Stream temperature is widely considered the master variable in stream ecosystems. One of the key drivers of diel and seasonal stream temperature variability is the solar radiation received at the stream surface, which can be influenced by shading associated with both larger scale topographic features and riparian vegetation. In this study, a stream shade model was developed that uses LiDAR point cloud data to model shading by riparian vegetation, including canopy overhang, and conventional elevation data to model stream shading by topography. The model was applied to a dominantly north–south oriented river flowing in a floodplain within a mountain valley. When compared with shade interpreted from PlanetScope visual imagery, the model predicted stream shade at the point scale with 92% agreement. Sources of error were attributed to pixel and azimuth band size, which can be refined within the model arguments, although at the cost of increased processing time. The shade model was re-run after virtually rotating the reach by 90° and 270° clockwise to evaluate the effect of valley orientation. Peak reach-wide sunlight exposure occurred approximately 2 h later in the day when the stream reach was rotated 90°, and produced greater shading from mid-morning to mid-afternoon. Further work should test the model on smaller streams using ground-based oblique or drone-based photography to provide ground-truthing, particularly to assess the accuracy of predicted shade below over-hanging vegetation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.15316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Groundwater Recharge Prediction: A Feature Selection-Based Deep Forest Model With Bayesian Optimisation","authors":"Bao Liu,&nbsp;Yaohua Sun,&nbsp;Lei Gao","doi":"10.1002/hyp.15309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15309","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate prediction of groundwater recharge is crucial for the sustainable management of water resources. Existing models, while effective, still have potential for improved accuracy. This study proposed a novel deep forest model—the Feature Selection-based Deep Forest model (FSDF)—for enhanced groundwater recharge prediction. This model consists of three key essential components: a feature selection layer, a cascade enhancement layer and a decision output layer, all designed to enhance the prediction accuracy of groundwater recharge rates. The feature selection layer effectively filtered out redundant features, ensuring that only relevant features are fed into the subsequent cascade enhancement layer. The cascaded enhancement layer was jointly constructed by random forests and completely random forests, processing the data layer-by-layer. Finally, the predictions of groundwater recharge rates were produced through an averaging strategy in the decision output layer. To further enhance the FSDF model's predictive capabilities, Bayesian optimization was applied for fine-tuning model hyperparameters. The model's performance was evaluated and compared with existing models using a dataset comprising of groundwater recharge rates from 1549 wells in New South Wales, Australia. The FSDF model exhibited exceptional performance, achieving a training accuracy of 95.91% and a testing accuracy of 89.65%. It outperformed the adaptive boosting, categorical boosting, extreme gradient boosting, multiple linear regression and random forests by 2.02%, 6.98%, 9.05%, 17.02% and 2.74% in prediction performance, respectively. This study contributes to both hydrological processes and groundwater management by identifying key factors such as rainfall, surface geology and PET, and refining hydrological models for greater predictive accuracy. The FSDF model offers a powerful tool for accurately forecasting groundwater recharge, outperforming traditional models. The model's adaptability makes it applicable to different geographical regions for managing water resources in the face of challenges such as water scarcity and climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.15309","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive, Multi-Scale Evaluation of Field Methods for Assessing Stream–Aquifer Interactions Along Channelised Lowland Streams","authors":"Benjamin Ledesma,&nbsp;Rodrigo Villalpando-Vizcaino,&nbsp;Daniel Larsen,&nbsp;Scott Schoefernacker,&nbsp;Brian Waldron,&nbsp;Claudio Meier","doi":"10.1002/hyp.15311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15311","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stream–aquifer interactions (SAIs) play a critical role in effective groundwater management, yet their complex dynamics remain poorly understood in channelized lowland perennial streams. This study presents a multi-scale, multi-technique investigation of SAIs along two long-stream reaches in Tennessee, United States. The goal is to define a suitable methodology for characterising SAIs in this specific hydrological setting, serving as a starting point for developing a more standardised and replicable approach. The methodology includes an initial evaluation of various field techniques, followed by extensive surveys using potentiomanometers, electromagnetic induction (EMI), vertical temperature profilers (VTPs) and complementary methods such as seepage meters, bank tests and well-data analyses. Results reveal distinct hydrogeomorphic behaviours across and along the streams, challenging the SAI-homogeneity notions typically assumed in groundwater models. Nonconnah Creek exhibited streambed colmation and negligible hydraulic gradients, resulting in disconnection from the aquifer during low flows, except for a 300-m losing reach with high downward gradients. In contrast, the Loosahatchie River displayed relatively homogeneous streambed properties and small, upward hydraulic gradients, suggesting uniform SAIs along the surveyed reaches. EMI proved highly effective for mapping streambed sediments quickly, while potentiomanometers accurately measured small head differences critical for understanding SAI dynamics. VTPs were less practical due to the extended data-collection times required and their vulnerability to flooding. This study emphasises the importance of multi-scale investigations using diverse techniques to accurately characterise SAIs in lowland streams, highlighting the confounding influences of geological formations, anthropogenic alterations and depositional processes on groundwater–surface water interactions. The findings contribute to refining local water balances, informing groundwater management strategies and underscoring the need for incorporating local-scale field data into regional groundwater models. The proposed methodology serves as a foundation for developing a standardised approach for characterising SAIs in lowland channelized perennial streams, adaptable for similar stream systems worldwide.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Variation of Changes in Extreme Discharge Seasonality Across the Northeastern United States","authors":"Owen H. Richardson,&nbsp;Carl E. Renshaw,&nbsp;Francis J. Magilligan","doi":"10.1002/hyp.15317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15317","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Northeast United States exhibits significant spatial heterogeneity in flood seasonality, with spring snowmelt-driven floods historically dominating northern areas, while other regions show more varied flood seasonality. While it is well documented that since 1996 there has been a marked increase in extreme precipitation across this region, the response of flood seasonality to these changes in extreme precipitation and the spatial distribution of these effects remain uncertain. Here we show that, historically, snowmelt-dominated northern regions were relatively insensitive to changes in extreme precipitation. However, with climate warming, the dominance of snowmelt floods is decreasing and thus the extreme flood regimes in northern regions are increasingly susceptible to changes in extreme precipitation. While extreme precipitation increased everywhere in the Northeastern United States in 1996, it has since returned to near pre-1996 levels in the coastal north while remaining elevated in the inland north. Thus, the inland north region has and continues to experience the greatest changes in extreme flooding seasonality, including a substantial rise in floods outside the historical spring flood season, particularly in smaller watersheds. Further analysis reveals that while early winter floods are increasingly common, the magnitude of cold season floods (Nov-May) have remained unchanged over time. In contrast, warm season floods (June-Oct), historically less significant, are now increasing in both frequency and magnitude in the inland north. Our results highlight that treating the entire Northeast as a uniform hydroclimatic region conceals significant regional variations in extreme discharge trends and, more generally, climate warming will likely increase the sensitivity of historically snowmelt dominated watersheds to extreme precipitation. Understanding this spatial variability in increased extreme precipitation and increased sensitivity to extreme precipitation is crucial for enhancing disaster preparedness and refining water management strategies in affected regions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Land Surface Temperature Variation and Its Responses to Climate Change and Human Activities on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Xuan Zhou,&nbsp;Baolin Xue,&nbsp;Guoqiang Wang,&nbsp;Yuntao Wang,&nbsp;Yinglan A,&nbsp;Kun Jia,&nbsp;Biao Cao,&nbsp;Ming Wang,&nbsp;Xiaofei Xi","doi":"10.1002/hyp.15313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15313","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Yarlung Zangbo River Basin (YZRB), situated within the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, has experienced significant alterations due to global warming and vegetation greening. This region serves as a critical indicator of the interplay between vegetation growth and climatic fluctuations, as evidenced by substantial changes in spatiotemporal land surface temperature (LST) over recent decades. In this research, we assessed the components of the water and energy cycles from 1980 to 2015 utilising the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model to generate a continuous daily LST data over a 35-year period. Subsequently, we analysed the variations in LST and identified the influence of environmental factors on temperature changes. Notably, while greening was observed, LST exhibited an upward trend. By differentiating the effects of climatic and anthropogenic factors on LST, we found that climate was the predominant influence, accounting for a contribution rate of 70.36% from 1980 to 1995. In contrast, human activities became the primary driver of LST changes, contributing 55% after 1995. Grasslands with moderate coverage demonstrated potential cooling effects. Among the various environmental factors examined, albedo exhibited a negative and delayed impact on LST, while temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration were positively correlated with LST, displaying relatively synchronous variations. Additionally, soil moisture and the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) were identified as leading contributors to positive changes in LST. This study enhances the understanding of the mechanisms influencing LST and provides essential insights for socio-economic development in areas with sensitive ecosystem.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Setting expectations for hydrologic model performance with an ensemble of simple benchmarks","authors":"Wouter J. M. Knoben","doi":"10.1002/hyp.15288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15288","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Example of benchmark inputs and results for a snow-dominated basin, subset to a 4-year period on either side of the calculation (left) and evaluation (right) divide (dotted red line). KGE scores in legends are calculated for the evaluation period. (a) Observed streamflow, precipitation and a ‘rain plus melt’ flux (RPM) derived from precipitation and temperature. RPM is used to define the benchmarks shown in c and d. (b) Flow-only benchmarks. The straight light green line is the traditional (NSE = 0; KGE = 1-√2) mean flow benchmark. (c) Rainfall-runoff ratio benchmarks. A single rainfall-runoff ratio is derived from the data in the calculation period and used to scale annual and monthly RPM sums into flow benchmarks. (d) Simple models that represent catchment function.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.15288","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Budget Input Linked to Atmospheric Rivers in British Columbia's Nechako River Basin","authors":"Bruno S. Sobral,&nbsp;Stephen J. Déry","doi":"10.1002/hyp.15301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15301","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explores the contribution of atmospheric rivers (ARs) to the water budget input of the Nechako River Basin (NRB) in British Columbia (BC), western Canada. The study quantifies the fraction of precipitation, rainfall, snowfall, and snow water equivalent (SWE) associated with ARs at multiple scales and tests for trends using the Mann–Kendall (MK) test. AR-related totals for 1950–2021 were created by linking AR events to water budget input variables of the ERA5-Land reanalysis product on a daily scale. Associations with different phases of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate pattern and AR-related contributions to the NRB are also investigated. Results indicate an increasing fractional contribution of rain in ARs landfalling in the NRB in the last two decades (2000–2019). Moreover, 21% of the total annual precipitation in the NRB is associated with ARs, with decreasing contributions from west to east. October has higher AR-related total precipitation than other months, while March, May and June are the least affected. ARs contribute disproportionately more to mid- and high-intensity daily precipitation totals, and provide up to 45% and 24% of the seasonal rainfall and snowfall, respectively. AR-related SWE is relatively higher in autumn due to the increased frequency and intensity of ARs, resulting in a greater fractional contribution of ARs to the snowpack compared to winter. ARs influence snowpack accumulation during fall (18%) and winter (13%) but also increase the risk of natural hazards. The MK test for AR-related water budget variables on the annual scale identified no significant trends. However, AR-related snowfall shows decreasing trends in the NRB, more specifically in the Upper Nechako, Lower Nechako and Stellako sub-basins during the summer. Over the study period, ARs consistently contribute up to one-fifth of the annual input to the NRB's water budget. This study provides the first quantitative assessment and trend analyses of AR contributions to the water budget input of a reservoir-regulated watershed in north-central BC, yielding valuable information for hydropower production, ecological flows, irrigation, domestic and industrial water use.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.15301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}