Hydrological Processes最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Hydrogeological and Climatic Conditions on Piston Flow in Karst Aquifers Using Statistical Approach","authors":"Javad Ashjari,&nbsp;Alan E. Fryar,&nbsp;Benjamin Tobin,&nbsp;Zohreh Ashjari","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70090","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Piston flow is a term used to describe the phenomenon of the pressure pulse during pipe-full flow in karst conduits. During piston flow, as dilute meteoric recharge displaces water present in the conduits, discharge increases and specific conductance decreases at karstic springs. The aim of this research is to gain a deeper understanding of how piston flow can be identified on a global scale. To achieve this, the study has defined six phases (stable, lag, hydraulic pressure, mobilisation, dilution and recovery) based on the pattern of hydrographs and specific conductivity time series. Data from 69 flood events at 42 different locations worldwide have been collected and analysed. This analysis considered various factors such as lithology, aquifer type, allogenic or autogenic recharge, precipitation amount and intensity, dry period before storm, hydrograph shape and recession coefficient, specific-conductance time series parameters, memory effect, regulation time and typology of hysteresis loop in order to determine if groups could be differentiated using these parameters. The flood events were classified into two main groups: those with piston flow and those without. Furthermore, the cases with piston flow were categorised into five subgroups based on the location of mobilised stored water. The results show that piston flow can be observed in any karst setting, climatic region and hydrological situation, although it is more likely to occur during extended dry periods preceding a storm, periods of high precipitation and intense rainfall. The mobilised stored water is most likely found in the phreatic zone, but could also be present in the soil or epikarst zone. The occurrence of piston flow depends on the storage capacity of the matrix as well as the development of conduit systems that do not significantly weaken the hydraulic function of the matrix. The typology of hysteresis in piston flow is primarily influenced by the presence of pre-event water or a mixture of pre-event and event water, whereas in systems without piston flow, it is mainly affected by event water.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining the Groundwater Level in Hilly and Plain Areas From Multisource Observation Data Combined With a Machine Learning Approach","authors":"Jiahao Li,&nbsp;Chengpeng Lu,&nbsp;Jingya Hu,&nbsp;Yufeng Chen,&nbsp;Jialiang Ma,&nbsp;Jing Chen,&nbsp;Chengcheng Wu,&nbsp;Bo Liu,&nbsp;Longcang Shu","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Developing an accurate model that can effectively simulate groundwater levels is of immense significance for water resource management and aquifer protection. To achieve this, it is crucial to identify key factors in remote sensing, topography, and meteorology, and to improve hydrological models to enhance prediction accuracy. This study proposes a multistep modelling framework, the RF-PSO-GRNN algorithm model, to improve the accuracy of groundwater level simulations in data-scarce hilly regions. The framework combines the random forest (RF) model with the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and the generalised regression neural network (GRNN). First, the study area was divided into hilly and plain regions, decreasing mean absolute error (MAE) by 0.2 m in plain areas and 0.1 m in hilly areas. The RF-Gini index combination was then used to calculate the contributing factors for each region, facilitating the determination of an optimal balancing strategy, which reduced RMSE by 4.35 m in hilly areas and 3.82 m in plain areas. Subsequently, the PSO algorithm was employed to compute the optimal smoothing factor for GRNN, further reducing RMSE by approximately 10 m. Additionally, MAE decreased by 11 m in hilly areas and 7.5 m in plain areas. Finally, the RF-PSO-GRNN model was applied to simulate the spatiotemporal evolution of groundwater levels in three counties within the Fu River Basin of Jiangxi Province, China. The findings confirm the effectiveness of GRNN in simulating groundwater levels with limited data samples. This study provides a practical solution for hydrological modelling and groundwater management under data-scarce conditions, contributing to the understanding and predicting groundwater dynamics.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the 2023 Canadian Geophysical Union Special Issue of Hydrological Processes","authors":"Lauren Somers,&nbsp;Barret Kurylyk","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70095","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Fifteen new research papers from Canadian researchers are published in this special issue of &lt;i&gt;Hydrological Processes&lt;/i&gt;. This represents an increase in papers over the 2022 special issue following the resumption of in-person meetings of the Canadian Geophysical Union (CGU) after the COVID-19 pandemic. We are delighted to see the rebound in special issue submissions. The 2023 Annual Meeting of the CGU was held in May 2023 in Banff, Alberta. This special issue includes research presented at that conference and previous CGU conferences by members of the CGU Hydrology Section. Twelve of the 15 papers include graduate students as first authors. Student engagement in the special issue is a point of pride for the CGU Hydrology Section, given our emphasis on providing opportunities for students. We thank &lt;i&gt;Hydrological Processes&lt;/i&gt; for their continued partnership.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The CGU comprises four sections (Biogeosciences, Geodesy, Hydrology and Solid Earth), of which Hydrology is the largest. Established in 1993, the Hydrology Section aims to (1) promote hydrology as a geophysical science, (2) initiate research and education programmes in hydrology, (3) develop national and international cooperation among like-minded organisations and (4) disseminate research results and knowledge to the public. This special issue of &lt;i&gt;Hydrological Processes&lt;/i&gt; is one such dissemination mechanism. The CGU Hydrology Section also nominates Canadian hydrology representatives for the National Committee of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Canadian hydrologists are well-known for their work on hydrological processes in cold regions. As usual, cold regions were a through-line in this year's special issue, with many studies considering cryosphere processes. Three papers centred on snow and ice-related themes. Bertoncini and Pomeroy focused on improving glacio-hydrological modelling by enhancing a model to consider the impacts on albedo caused by recent wildfires and heatwaves. Assimilating remotely sensed albedo data into a glacio-hydrological model of two Rocky Mountain catchments improved the model performance during wildfires but not during heatwaves. The Kling Gupta Efficiency of the model increased by 0.18–0.2 overall. Groff and Pomeroy considered infiltration into seasonally frozen, sloping soils to better understand snowmelt infiltration in mountain environments. They used eight years of soil moisture and meteorological data from their Rocky Mountain study site to characterise the infiltration patterns using a newly developed infiltration equation for use in mountain settings. Warden et al. simulated the occurrence of rain-on-snow events in a subarctic river basin in northwestern Canada under current and future climates. Rain-on-snow events can intensify runoff and exacerbate flooding. They projected an increasing frequency of rain-on-snow events in the summer and fall, particularly at higher elevations, and a decrease and uncertain changes i","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue on Research and Observatory Catchments","authors":"Stephen D. Sebestyen,&nbsp;James B. Shanley,&nbsp;Theresa Blume,&nbsp;Jonathan M. Duncan,&nbsp;Julia Jones,&nbsp;Catalina Segura,&nbsp;M. Alisa Mast","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70069","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Watershed-Scale Runoff Efficiency Response to Climate Variability","authors":"Christian M. Erikson,&nbsp;Carl E. Renshaw,&nbsp;Evan N. Dethier,&nbsp;Francis J. Magilligan","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The fraction of precipitation converted to stream discharge within a watershed, termed as runoff efficiency, may shift as climate changes. Runoff efficiency is known to be temperature-sensitive in some watersheds, but temperature sensitivity is unquantified in many other watersheds. We identify regions where runoff efficiency is temperature-sensitive using 942 watersheds, minimally influenced by anthropogenic activity, across the continental United States and Canada. Stepwise regression using historical discharge and climate records shows that runoff efficiency in 10 of 16 hydrologically similar hydro-regions is sensitive to temperature, expanding the number of locations expected to experience temperature-driven water stress, particularly in the North American continental interior. Runoff efficiency in all hydro-regions demonstrates sensitivity to precipitation, but during wet years, runoff efficiency temporarily decreases, likely reflecting increasing groundwater storage. The temporary decrease in runoff efficiency is followed by an increase in the following year, likely due to the release of stored groundwater. This effect suggests changes in runoff efficiency help to stabilise watersheds, making it more difficult to both enter and leave drought as climate changes. The latter effect may partially explain observations of hydrologic drought persistence after meteorological drought ends. Understanding regional temperature sensitivity and the multiple-year effect of precipitation will improve the ability to forecast runoff efficiency.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Warmer Winters Drive Declines in Snowpack and Consequent Increases in Annual and Seasonal Runoff in a Headwater Region of the Northeastern United States","authors":"Kate Hale,&nbsp;Andrew Schroth,&nbsp;James Shanley,&nbsp;Beverley Wemple","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In montane, snow-affected regions of the United States, a warming climate threatens the timing and amount of future water delivery. It is expected that winter precipitation falling as snow will continue decreasing and the frequency of winter snowmelt events will continue increasing, with unknown impacts on the partitioning of water between evapotranspiration and runoff, water quality, flooding, and drought. The northeastern United States represents a humid climate with uniform precipitation seasonality and a transient snowpack. Limited research on changing winter conditions and water availability has been conducted in the region, in part due to scarce observations. An observational network has been recently established (2022) to span a Summit-to-Shore (S2S) continuum in Vermont for improved understanding and characterisation of snowpack variability across the landscape. We leverage the S2S network alongside available multi-decade records of meteorology, snow depth, and runoff to relate long-term snowpack characteristics in Vermont to seasonal and annual runoff within the high-elevation headwater Ranch Brook watershed (9.6 km²). In the last 57 years, average winter temperatures have increased by 2.6°C, snow season length has decreased by almost 3 weeks, average snow depth has decreased by 16%, and winter season rain-on-snow (ROS) event frequency has increased from 1 to 3.5 per year. In response, average daily winter runoff has increased, which is strongly related to increased annual runoff ratios (<i>R</i>² = 0.70). Separating the 22-year runoff record into water years with more versus less winter runoff revealed that years with more winter runoff corresponded to increased winter temperatures, 15% smaller snowpack, two times more ROS events, 52% more winter runoff, 31% larger annual runoff ratio, and increased summer rainfall variance. A steady decline in the regional snowpack and related impacts on downstream water resources may have implications for ecosystems and agricultural, industrial, and domestic water supply.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrological Controls and Sources of Water for Shallow Groundwater of Underfit, Fine-Grained Floodplains","authors":"Mary Grace Lemon,&nbsp;Richard F. Keim","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70094","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An important mediating factor controlling the degree of connectivity between rivers and adjacent floodplains is the texture and structure of the floodplain alluvium. In fine-textured alluvium, especially shrink-swell clays, low hydraulic conductivity generally limits hydrologic flux, but the consequences of this for shallow groundwater have not been well investigated at the floodplain scale. We used shallow monitoring wells and stable isotopes to characterise the relative influence of river flooding and local precipitation on shallow groundwater across four underfit floodplains in the southeastern United States. Shallow groundwater elevation time series and isotopic data indicated precipitation was the most important control on shallow groundwater during the growing season overall. However, river level was important for controlling drainage and drying at all sites and controlled wet-up at low elevations sites, sites with assumed highly connected subsurface structures (sand and large silt), and after periods of low local precipitation. There was threshold behaviour in recession at topographically low sites, variability in recession timing that was unrelated to distance from the river and a large degree of spatial variability in isotopic composition of shallow groundwater across floodplains. All three of these observations, in combination with known patterns of water fluxes in Vertisols, suggest preferential flow through a discontinuous network of macropores made up of biogenic macropores, cracks and coarse soil layers, combined with substantial perching. We conclude that shallow groundwater in underfit, fine-grained floodplains moves in variably connected, variably saturated macropore networks that lead to locally idiosyncratic local water budgets and high spatiotemporal heterogeneity in water sources, flow paths, and residence times.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Climate-Change Impacts on Hydrological Processes and Blue–Green Water Dynamics Using Multi-Model Ensembles Under Shared Socioeconomic Pathways in the Hanjiang River Basin, China","authors":"Haojie Li,&nbsp;Zhenghui Fu,&nbsp;Wei Sun,&nbsp;Chao Dai,&nbsp;Yanpeng Cai","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study offers a novel perspective by assessing the impacts of climate change on hydrological processes, with a specific focus on the spatial and temporal dynamics of blue and green water components in the Hanjiang River basin in southern China under various shared socioeconomic pathway (SSP) scenarios. Twelve global climate models (GCMs) from the coupled model intercomparison project phase 6 (CMIP6) were downscaled using the delta change method, producing future climate scenarios for near (2031–2060) and far (2061–2090) future time windows under four SSP scenarios (i.e., SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5). These downscaled climate variables, along with the historical control period data, were used to drive the calibrated SWAT model. The model was then employed to analyse blue and green water characteristics and assess the potential changes in hydrological processes under future climate scenarios. The findings reveal that surface runoff constitutes the dominant component of blue water in the Hanjiang River basin. Moreover, the multi-GCM ensemble mean predicts an increase in green water (evapotranspiration and soil water content) over the basin. For blue water, the ensemble mean suggests change patterns similar to those of precipitation, with decreases or slight increases expected in the northeastern part of the basin and larger increases in the southwestern part under most SSP scenarios. Compared to the historical control period, blue water is projected to experience the greatest increase (13.1%) in the southwestern part under SSP1-2.6 and the largest decrease (8.8%) in the northeastern part under SSP3-7.0, both in the far future. The findings have broad international relevance, as the methodology and insights can be applied to other regions worldwide facing similar challenges. This work contributes to a better understanding of hydrological processes in the context of global climate change and supports global efforts to enhance sustainable water resource management and climate resilience.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143475542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wood-Biochar Influence on Rill Erosion Processes and Hydrological Connectivity in Amended Soils","authors":"Pellegrino Conte,&nbsp;Calogero Librici,&nbsp;Alessio Nicosia,&nbsp;Vincenzo Palmeri,&nbsp;Vincenzo Pampalone,&nbsp;Vito Ferro","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although there is increasing interest in biochar as a soil amendment, its antierosive effectiveness is still uncertain. This investigation aims at evaluating how wood-biochar affects rill erosion and hydrological connectivity in amended soils. In this paper, at first, plot experiments were performed entering a clear inflow into two rills, named rill₃ and rill₅, incised in a soil amended with an initial biochar concentration <i>BC</i> in weight of 3% and 5%, respectively. For each rill, terrestrial photogrammetry was used to obtain the Digital Elevation Models (DEM) before and after the experimental runs, and the consequent DEM of difference (DoD) was used to calculate the total volume of the eroded mixture (sediment and biochar), while three samples of rill outflow discharge were collected to determine the biochar and sediment rates. Then, small laboratory samples of the soil, biochar, and mixtures with different <i>BC</i> (1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, and 30%) were used to determine size and distribution of pores, and thus measure the structural and functional connectivity, by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry with the fast field cycling (FFC) layout. The DoDs highlighted that the mixture volume for rill₅ was lower than that for rill₃. Moreover, the rill₅ condition yielded a higher biochar percentage in the mixture. The NMR measurements demonstrated that the biochar addition increases the size of micropores and mesopores, and the macro-pore component is never dominant. Biochar concentrations greater than 5% do not produce appreciable changes in the pore distribution inside the mixture. The biochar component improves the structural connectivity up to <i>BC</i> = 5%. In the <i>BC</i> range of 0%–3%, <i>FCI</i> decreased as <i>BC</i> increased. In conclusion, a target biochar concentration of 5% allows for the mitigation of the rill erosion phenomena, favours the improvement of soil structural connectivity, and does not appreciably modify the functional connectivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70093","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Predictors for Hydrologic Signatures: Wetlands and Geologic Age Across Continental Scales","authors":"Anne Holt,&nbsp;Hilary McMillan","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In dry summer months, stream baseflow sourced from groundwater is essential to support aquatic ecosystems and anthropogenic water use. Hydrologic signatures, or metrics describing unique features of streamflow timeseries, are useful for quantifying and predicting these valuable baseflow and groundwater storage resources across continental scales. Hydrologic signatures can be predicted based on catchment attributes summarising climate and landscape and can be used to characterise baseflow and groundwater processes that cannot be directly measured. While past watershed-scale studies suggest that landscape attributes are important controls on baseflow and storage processes, recent regional-to-global scale modelling studies have instead found that landscape attributes have weaker relationships with hydrologic signatures of these processes than expected compared to climate attributes. In this study, we quantify two landscape attributes, average geologic age and the proportion of catchment area covered by wetlands. We investigate if incorporating these additional predictors into existing large-sample attribute datasets strengthens continental-scale, empirical relationships between landscape attributes and hydrologic signatures. We quantify 14 hydrologic signatures related to baseflow and groundwater processes in catchments across the contiguous United States, evaluate the relationships between the new catchment attributes and hydrologic signatures with correlation analysis and use the new attributes to predict hydrologic signatures with random forest models. We found that the average geologic age of catchments was a highly influential predictor of hydrologic signatures, especially for signatures describing baseflow magnitude in catchments, and had greater importance than existing attributes of the subsurface. In contrast, we found that the proportion of wetlands in catchments had limited influence on our hydrologic signature predictions. We recommend incorporating catchment geologic age into large-sample catchment datasets to improve predictions of baseflow and storage hydrologic signatures and processes across continental scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70080","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}