Hydrological Processes最新文献

{"title":"Multi-Dimensional Tracing of Particulate Organic Matter Sources in a Deep-Water Reservoir: Coupling Temporal Dynamics, Water Depth Stratification, and Particle-Size Effects","authors":"Mingming Gao,&nbsp;Shuguang Lv,&nbsp;Yuying Li,&nbsp;Minli Guo,&nbsp;Danyang Miao,&nbsp;Yufan He,&nbsp;Rongxin Wang,&nbsp;Yun Zhang,&nbsp;Shiming Ding,&nbsp;B. Larry Li,&nbsp;Nicola Fohrer","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70668","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Particulate organic matter (POM) constitutes an important component of aquatic organic matter, with significant spatiotemporal variations in its sources and composition. However, a comprehensive understanding of the POM sources with different particle sizes in deep-water reservoirs under spatiotemporal changes remains limited. This study investigated the sources of various POM size classes in the Danjiangkou Reservoir across seasonal and vertical gradients using stable isotope of carbon (δ¹³C) analysis and the Iso-Source mixing model. The δ¹³C values of Pico- and Nano-POM were depleted in ¹³C (mean: −30.6‰; range: −35.0‰ to −21.3‰), exhibiting the typical isotopic signature of phytoplankton and terrestrial C₃ plants. Combined with the Iso-Source model, these values indicate that they were primarily derived from phytoplankton and C₃ plants, accounting for 58.04% of the total contribution, of which phytoplankton made a larger contribution (66.49%). Micro- and Net-POM showed δ¹³C values enriched in ¹³C (mean: −26.5‰; range: −35.9‰ to −15.1‰), with higher contributions from phytoplankton and C₄ plants (56.14%). The coefficient of variation (CV) for phytoplankton was significantly lower in spring and summer than in autumn and winter across all POM size classes. The lowest CV was observed for Pico- and Nano-POM, indicating that the source of smaller-sized POM was more stable. Across different layers, the δ¹³C values of Pico- and Nano-POM showed significant correlations with total organic carbon (TOC) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), reflecting autochthonous production control; Micro- and Net-POM were significantly correlated with nitrogen species (NO₃⁻-N, NH₄⁺-N, and TN) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), highlighting the influence of allochthonous inputs. This study reveals the source apportionment characteristics and environmental response mechanisms of different POM size classes in a subtropical deep-water reservoir at spatio-temporal scales, thereby providing a scientific basis for understanding the carbon cycling processes in aquatic ecosystems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Effects of Tracer Mass and Detection Limits in Stream Experiments With Instantaneous Tracer Injections on Solute Transport","authors":"Clarissa Glaser,&nbsp;Julian Klaus","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70634","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Slug tracer experiments have greatly advanced our understanding of transport processes in streams. However, the resulting breakthrough curves (BTCs) derived from these experiments are biassed towards faster flow paths, partly due to truncation of BTCs caused by sensor detection limits. Although this issue is acknowledged, little is known about how BTC truncation from detection limits depends on applied tracer mass or stream characteristics. To address this gap, we conduct a virtual experiment with 120 000 virtual streams, simulating BTCs using the transient storage model with two virtual tracers differing in detection limits and sensor type. We test four approaches that differ in the applied tracer mass and evaluate how truncation affects stream transport metrics (normalised transient storage index, coefficient of variation, skewness, and holdback). Our results show that higher tracer mass consistently yields higher values across all transport metrics, underlining the interplay between tracer mass, BTC truncation, and measurement outcome. In particular, experiments applying higher tracer masses in streams with larger transient storage and higher dispersion yield higher transport metrics, which suggests that maximising the applied tracer mass is critical for describing transport processes in such streams. Overall, our findings reveal that the applied tracer mass rather than sensor detection limits alone, plays a key role in the truncation of BTCs and the resulting bias towards faster flow paths. To reduce the bias of slug tracer experiments towards faster flow and improve the accuracy of transport metrics in streams with larger transient storage and higher dispersion we recommend: (I) maximising the injected tracer mass, (II) use sensors with a lower detection limits, and (III) extend experiment duration.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70634","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Denitrification in the Stream Hyporheic Zone With In-Stream Restoration Structure: The Effects of Stream Water Quality, Temperature, Sediment Hydraulic and Transport Properties","authors":"Jinghong Feng,&nbsp;Xiting Cai,&nbsp;Ying Liu,&nbsp;Zhuang Zhai,&nbsp;Ziyi Wang,&nbsp;Oluwafemi Adewole Adeyeye","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70673","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Changes in fluvial environments and hydrogeological conditions critically govern biogeochemical processes in the hyporheic zone, with noticeable effects on nitrogen cycling. These environmental variations further govern the migration and transformation of nutrients and contaminants within riverine systems. This study established a two-dimensional numerical model that couples hydrodynamic flow and reactive solute transport to explore the coupled hydrological and biogeochemical behaviours of the hyporheic zone beneath in-stream restoration structures. A series of sensitivity tests were conducted to quantify how stream water quality, ambient temperature, as well as the hydraulic and solute transport characteristics of river sediments influence the rates of nitrification and denitrification. Numerical modelling outputs reveal that shifts in river surface water quality exert regulatory controls on nitrogen translocation and biological conversion in the hyporheic zone. Specifically, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) availability dominates the source-sink function of the hyporheic zone for nitrate, exhibiting a stronger regulatory effect than ammonium (NH₄⁺) supply. Additionally, fluctuations in ambient temperature also serve as a key factor altering nitrogen transport and transformation processes in this critical interaction zone. As temperature increased, the penetration depth of solute fronts for four reactive species gradually decreased, nitrification rates increased by nearly two orders of magnitude, and denitrification rates first increased and then decreased. Conversely, elevated sediment hydraulic permeability accelerates hyporheic exchange flux across riverbed, which accordingly boosts the elimination efficiency of nitrate. This study deepens the current knowledge regarding the intricate coupling relationships between hydrodynamic behaviours and biogeochemical reactions in artificially modified river hyporheic zone. It provides a scientific basis for formulating adaptive river ecological restoration projects-such as those addressing water quality regulation, temperature control andsediment property management in river systems -ultimately supporting fluvial system restoration and water quality improvement.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Hydraulic Properties of Europe at 500 m Resolution for Topsoil Using EUPTFv2 and LUCAS Soil Data","authors":"Surya Gupta,&nbsp;Christine Alewell,&nbsp;Cristiano Ballabio,&nbsp;Panos Panagos","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70670","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil hydraulic properties govern the movement and storage of water in soils and are essential inputs for hydrological and land surface models, influencing water-holding capacity, matter and energy transport, erosion susceptibility and plant water availability. However, direct measurement of these properties is labour-intensive and thus often limited in spatial coverage. Therefore, pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are widely used to estimate soil hydraulic properties from readily available soil characteristics. We present a spatial dataset of soil hydraulic properties for Europe at 0–20 cm depth, developed using harmonised soil property maps derived from the LUCAS dataset and the improved PTFs (EUPTFv2) proposed by Szabó et al., which are developed on the European Hydropedological Data Inventory. The derived dataset includes water content at saturation, field capacity (at −10 and −33 kPa), wilting point (−1500 kPa), saturated hydraulic conductivity and their associated uncertainty maps. In addition, we derived available water capacity and air capacity (air-filled porosity) from the predicted properties. The input datasets (LUCAS-based soil maps) used in this study are derived from harmonised data in terms of measurement methods and spatial consistency. This is expected to improve the reliability of the resulting maps compared with existing products. The generated dataset is freely available and can therefore support a wide range of environmental and modelling applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70670","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling High-Alpine Karst Runoff With Coupled Snow Models of Different Complexity Levels at Mount Zugspitze","authors":"Roberta Facchinetti,&nbsp;Elias Bögl,&nbsp;Karl-Friedrich Wetzel,&nbsp;Jakob Knieß,&nbsp;Paul Schattan,&nbsp;Christian Voigt,&nbsp;Karsten Schulz,&nbsp;Franziska Koch","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70605","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High-alpine, snow-dominated karst catchments are among the most challenging environments for hydrological modelling due to complex topography, heterogeneous snow distribution, and limited discharge observations. The representation of snow processes has significant implications for simulated runoff generation and water balance partitioning, yet direct comparisons in karst settings remain scarce. Two model configurations are compared for the Partnach Spring Catchment (PSC), a single-outlet karst system at Mt. Zugspitze (Northern European Alps, Germany), over the hydrological years 2015–2025. A fully conceptual CemaNeige–GR4H setup is evaluated against a hybrid configuration combining Alpine3D with GR4H routing. Alpine3D snow simulations are independently validated using point-scale snow depth and snow water equivalent (SWE) measurements, as well as Sentinel-2-derived snow-covered area (87 scenes). Both configurations achieve strong discharge performance (calibration Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE): 0.92 ± 0.01 vs. 0.91 ± 0.01; validation KGE: 0.82 ± 0.07 vs. 0.87 ± 0.03), though 41.3% of discharge observations are missing, concentrated in winter months, limiting seasonal evaluation. The hybrid configuration shows improved temporal transferability despite requiring fewer calibration parameters (2 vs. 5). Annual water balances align within 0.16%, yet the conceptual configuration compensates through up to 78% greater routing storage capacity, masking structural differences in internal process representation. These results show that lumped routing structures can reproduce discharge dynamics in complex, snow-dominated karst systems regardless of snow and boundary layer model complexity. However, the hybrid approach provides clear advantages for representing spatial snow dynamics and for gaining process-level understanding of high-alpine hydrology.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70605","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variability in the Vineyard: A Multi-Method Approach in Determining Grapevine Evapotranspiration Across Different Varietal Blocks","authors":"Jessica Williamson,&nbsp;Richard Petrone,&nbsp;Riccardo Valentini,&nbsp;Andrew Reynolds","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70636","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vineyards are highly heterogeneous systems where climate, soil, and management parameters can influence water loss by evapotranspiration (ET) across many spatial and temporal scales. To address vineyard variability of ET a multi-method approach combining the use of in-field atmometer ET gauges and the FAO-56 dual crop coefficient procedure was employed. Spatial variability was addressed at two research sites in the Niagara (Ontario, Canada) growing region, Beamsville and Jordan, across three different cultivars: Chardonnay, Riesling, and Pinot Noir. It was hypothesised that variability in climatic controls including air temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, and wind dynamics would influence the variability in crop ET for each cultivar at both vineyards. Atmometer reference ET (ET₀) and water stress adjusted crop ET (ETcadj) were consistent for white cultivars across each study site. Pinot Noir grapevines, however, exhibited lower daily atmometer ET₀, likely due to increased canopy shading or reduced wind turbulence to the canopy. The coefficient K_cb, which accounts for transpiration, was consistent for all cultivars at both sites, while K_e, the evaporation coefficient, showed a relationship between the soil water balance controlling water loss, especially regarding the Pinot Noir block. Water stress, represented by K_s, was present at harvest for both Riesling blocks, and Beamsville Chardonnay and Pinot Noir, and was associated with optimal Brix concentrations, derived from the harvested grapes specific to each block. Overall, both vineyards showed importance between soil moisture and energy supplies with ET_{c adj}, suggesting that changes in water and energy availability over the growing season are climatically significant to water loss and stress within each of the vineyard blocks. The use of atmometers in-field, with adjustments by the FAO-56 dual crop coefficient approach, is a simple and cost-effective method that would allow growers to understand differences in vineyard-scale meteorology and water loss by ET across multiple spatial and temporal scales within their vineyards.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70636","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogeochemical Process Controls on Groundwater Quality in the Gran La Plata Multilayer Aquifer System, Argentina","authors":"Felipe Herrera Niño,&nbsp;Eliana Berardozzi,&nbsp;Matias H. Assandri,&nbsp;Esteban Villalba,&nbsp;Virginia Vetere,&nbsp;Silvina Carretero,&nbsp;Eduardo Kruse","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70672","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multilayer aquifer systems beneath the urbanising plains of Latin America combine intensive abstraction with a strong geological inheritance, and at their coastal margins the origin of groundwater salinity is a recurrent, often unresolved question. The Gran La Plata multilayer system, Argentina, is characterised here from 111 water samples along an inland-to-coastal transect, through a process-based reading of the major-ion signatures. Cation exchange is the dominant control (negative Chloro-Alkaline Indices in 93.2% of the 103 groundwater samples), coupled with carbonate dissolution, yielding a sodium–bicarbonate composition more advanced in the semi-confined Puelche than in the phreatic Pampeano. Within each unit, the few coastal samples (<i>n</i> = 4 in the Pampeano, <i>n</i> = 7 in the Puelche) are far more saline than inland ones (median EC roughly six times higher in the Puelche) while the exchange signature shows no matching shift, remaining a property of the unit, so salinity tracks geomorphic position, not flow domain. The coastal composition, contrasted against published isotopic and hydrodynamic evidence for the system, is most consistent with a relict palaeo-marine origin rather than active seawater intrusion from the present-day fresh estuary. These processes leave a predictable imprint on quality metrics: the sodium adsorption ratio rates nearly all samples suitable for irrigation, yet the sodium-dominance and carbonate-balance indices reveal a latent hazard, and an adjusted sodium ratio confirms its direction. The weighted drinking-water quality index, in turn, tracks geogenic mineralisation rather than direct health risk. Correctly diagnosing the dominant process is therefore a prerequisite for interpreting any quality metric. This process-first framework is transferable across the urbanising multilayer loessic aquifers of the Chaco-Pampean plain.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling and Uncertainty in Soil Moisture Modelling: A Probabilistic Deep Learning Perspective","authors":"Balazs Bischof,&nbsp;Erwin Zehe,&nbsp;Ralf Loritz","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70665","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil moisture plays a central role in terrestrial water and energy exchanges, yet its representation across spatial scales remains challenging due to strong heterogeneity, measurement uncertainty, and limited transferability of soil parameters. While deep learning models have shown skill in reproducing soil moisture dynamics at large scales, they are commonly applied deterministically, providing limited insight into predictive uncertainty and variability. Here, we apply a probabilistic deep learning framework based on Gaussian Mixture Long Short-Term Memory networks (GM-LSTMs) to model soil moisture dynamics and uncertainty across the contiguous United States using in situ observations from the International Soil Moisture Network. The model is trained and evaluated in a cross-validation setting on ungauged locations and forced with multiple meteorological datasets, with DayMet emerging as the most effective driver. Rather than focusing primarily on predictive performance, we use regional learning to examine how soil moisture dynamics and variability emerge across climatic, physiographic, and soil-textural gradients. We analyse the structure of predictive uncertainty using mixture entropy and Jensen–Shannon divergence to distinguish dispersion from distributional complexity. The model reproduces temporal dynamics and rank structure of soil moisture and outperforms ERA5-Land and SMAP benchmarks, while revealing systematic biases in absolute volumetric water content. Predictive uncertainty exhibits coherent spatial organization controlled by physiography and soil texture, and distinct moisture-dependent regimes consistent with established hydrological theory. Variability peaks at intermediate soil moisture states, in agreement with catchment-scale observations, indicating that signatures of soil moisture organization persist across scales. The results demonstrate that probabilistic data-driven modelling can provide physically interpretable information on soil moisture variability and uncertainty, and offer new perspectives on scale-robust patterns of land-surface hydrological behaviour in the absence of explicit small-scale process representation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70665","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Winter Type, Mediated by Land-Surface Processes, Controls Seasonal Discharge Variability in Culturally Critical Ecosystems in the US's Upper Midwest","authors":"Paige R. Voss,&nbsp;G.-H. Crystal Ng,&nbsp;William (Joe) Graveen,&nbsp;Rob Croll,&nbsp;Kristen Hanson,&nbsp;Hima J. Hassenruck-Gudipati,&nbsp;Daniel J. Larkin,&nbsp;Kathleen Smith,&nbsp;Nancy Schuldt,&nbsp;Darren Vogt","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70588","url":null,"abstract":"<p>With some of the fastest rates of winter warming in the contiguous U.S. projected in the Upper Midwest, Tribal natural resource managers in the region are concerned about milder winters' impacts on culturally important ecosystems. In particular, Manoomin (Ojibwemowin; Dakodiapi: Psiη; English: Wild Rice, Latin: <i>Zizania palustris</i>), an annual aquatic grass with deep cultural significance for the Ojibwe, Dakota, and other Indigenous Peoples, is extremely vulnerable to climate change impacts. Manoomin's high sensitivity to hydrologic conditions raises urgent questions about the impacts of low snowpack winters, or snow-droughts, on flow conditions. However, with most regional snow-drought studies focused on mountain settings, the impacts of snowpack changes on growing-season discharge remain uncertain in the low-relief, humid context of the Upper Midwest. Using a framework guided by Tribal collaborators, this study examined how winter snowpack affects subsequent streamflow, the role of other winter climatic variables, and the key springtime land-surface processes that mediate these connections. We categorised winters across watersheds in the Upper Midwest by different climatic metrics, and then compared discharge, evapotranspiration, leaf area index, and frost data for each winter category to characterise discharge behaviour and snowmelt pathways. Our results highlight winter snowpack as the main driver of springtime discharge, with total winter precipitation and thawing degrees as strong secondary controls. Due to suppressed evapotranspiration, high moisture inputs, and moderate frost, occasional cold/wet/high-snow winters generated both uniquely strong springtime flows that may beneficially disturb Manoomin beds before germination, as well as greater recharge that may stabilise later-season surface water levels during vulnerable stages. Warmer, wetter conditions expected with climate change fail to create comparable high springtime flow events, likely with broad, ecological consequences. Our collaborative work highlights the importance of heavy snow winters and their cross-seasonal influence in the long storage-time landscapes where Manoomin lives.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70588","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term Effects on Rill Erosion and Flow Resistance in a Wood-Biochar Amended Soil","authors":"Alessio Nicosia,&nbsp;Costanza Di Stefano,&nbsp;Gaetano Guida,&nbsp;Antonino Lucchese,&nbsp;Vincenzo Palmeri,&nbsp;Vincenzo Pampalone,&nbsp;Vito Ferro","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70663","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite growing interest in biochar as a soil amendment, its effects on erosion control remain uncertain, particularly for rill erosion. In this investigation, the short-term (i.e., 1 month after biochar addition) effects of wood-biochar on rill erosion and flow resistance were evaluated. At first, plot experiments were performed discharging a constant clear inflow into a rill incised in the original soil (rill₀) and two rills, named rill₃ and rill₅, incised in clay loam soil amended with different initial biochar concentrations <i>BC</i> (3% and 5% by weight). For each rill, the outflow discharge of the entire run was collected by a storage tank and the run was stopped when a 55 L volume was reached. The collected volumes were used to measure the corresponding weights of the eroded mixture (sediments and biochar), biochar and sediments. 3D photo reconstruction was used to obtain the Digital Elevation Models (DEM) before and after the runs and by the corresponding DEM of difference, the total volume of the eroded mixture was calculated. Measurements of water depth, hydraulic radius and flow velocity were used to calculate the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor <i>f</i> values. The results demonstrated that in the short term, the addition of <i>BC</i> = 3% is effective in reducing soil erosion by 9% as compared to the control condition, while adding <i>BC</i> = 5% determined an increase of 140% in eroded volume as, for this latter, the short-term soil particle aggregation effects are too weak and the mixture remains cohesionless. Moreover, the analysis demonstrated that the proposed flow resistance equation gives a reliable <i>f</i> estimate and this equation gives, for fixed hydraulic conditions, flow resistance that decreases with increasing <i>BC</i>. Ultimately, for the short term, <i>BC</i> higher than 3%–4% cannot be considered a good soil conservation practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"40 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70663","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}