Hydrological Processes最新文献

{"title":"Developing a Two-Dimensional Semi-Analytical Solution on a Plan View for a Consecutive Divergent Tracer Test Considering Regional Groundwater Flow","authors":"Heejun Suk,&nbsp;Jize Piao,&nbsp;Ching-Ping Liang,&nbsp;Weon Shik Han,&nbsp;Hongil Ahn,&nbsp;Jui-Sheng Chen","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Multiple successive tracer tests are often conducted to obtain reliable breakthrough curve results under regional groundwater flow, especially when the accuracy is crucial. In such cases, the period of rest between the end of the first divergent tracer test and the initiation of the second divergent tracer test allows the tracer from the first test to travel along with the background regional flow, thereby influencing the distribution of residual tracer concentration. This residual tracer could potentially interfere with breakthrough curve results from the tracer injection in the second tracer test. Additionally, the conventional analytical solution used for the divergent tracer test considers only radial flow; regional flow and consecutive tracer tests are ignored. Consequently, interpreting the behaviour of the tracer in consecutive divergent tracer tests under regional flow conditions is challenging using conventional measures because of background regional concentration. This study proposes a new semi-analytical solution, considering the effects of divergent radial and regional flows in consecutive tracer tests, addressing a critical gap in the conventional analytical solutions that, despite their practical necessity, have not been previously developed. The proposed semi-analytical solution was subjected to parameter studies under various scenarios. In our case studies, the conventional analytical solution based on a single tracer test can be safely used for parameter estimation only in cases where the injected mass for the subsequent tracer test is approximately six-fold that of the first tracer test or if the drift time is longer than 10 days.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced Spatial Dry–Wet Contrast in the Future of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau","authors":"Fan Yang,&nbsp;Aizhong Ye,&nbsp;Yunfei Wang","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The geographical uniqueness of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) determines its significance as ‘Asia's Water Tower’. It is expected that climate change in this area will cause extreme weather occurrences, stress water resources and increase the vulnerability of ecosystems in the future. However, the precise quantitative impact of climate change on the QTP remains uncertain. In this study, using coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP) phase 6 multi-model data and a distributed time-variant gain hydrological model (DTVGM), we examined the spatiotemporal attributes of climate and hydrology across the QTP under various socioeconomic progress trajectories and greenhouse gas emission scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0 and SSP5-8.5). Over the next 80 years, an overall warming trend was observed on the QTP, accompanied by a decrease in annual total water resources. The drier the arid regions, the wetter are the humid regions on the future QTP. Runoff will decrease by 74.92% in the region, and evaporation will increase by 84.93% from 2020 to 2099. In SSP5-8.5, the precipitation change rate was −6.22 mm/10a, and the runoff change rate was −8.84 mm/10a. After a year of abrupt precipitation change (2052–2064), the decrease in runoff became significantly faster. The total runoff was approximately 58.00% of the surface runoff. Unlike the runoff trend, evaporation displayed a fluctuating upward pattern, with an average change rate of 2.78 mm/10a. Spatially, the variations in dry–wet conditions became more evident, showing a substantial decrease in runoff and a noteworthy increase in evaporation on the northeastern plateau. In the southeastern region of the Yarlung Tsangpo River Basin, the precipitation and runoff increase rates were notably higher than those in other regions. Moreover, there was a significant surge in runoff in areas adjacent to the glaciers. In conclusion, this study offers valuable insights into decision-making concerning future developmental trajectories in the region.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban Snowmelt Runoff Responses to the Temperature-Hydraulic Conductivity Relation in a Cold Climate","authors":"Youcan Feng,&nbsp;Donghe Ma,&nbsp;Zhenjie Ma,&nbsp;Lin Tian,&nbsp;Jinhua Gao,&nbsp;Xin Huang,&nbsp;Lijun Xue","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Urban winter runoff management was mainly regulated by temperature variations and the snow-removing measures, but the underlying mechanism of the temperature-hydraulic conductivity (T-K) relation was seldom studied for urban environments and far from clearly understood. It is imperative to consider the T-K relation for snowmelt runoff calculation especially when the compound effects with the snow-removing measures and low impact development (LID) need to be considered. This work investigated the temperature regulation on urban infiltration and snowmelt runoff by a proposed modelling framework. A series of hydrologic model experiments revealed a crucial link between the hydraulic conductivity and snowmelt runoff emphasising the role of temperature in the partitioning between percolation and runoff. The inclusion of a T-K relation in the SWMM model resulted in a 26.0%–37.1% decrease in infiltration and a 12.7%–25.8% increase in runoff. The effects of the T-K relation were found to become more significant when the anthropogenic interventions such as snow-clearing measures and LID were applied. After the T-K mechanism was modelled, the infiltration and the runoff caused by the snow-clearing measures were reduced by 33.7%–48.2% and raised by 19.7%–35.6%, respectively, and LID would further reduce infiltration by 46.2%–65.2% and increase runoff by 71.0%–105.2%. This study serves as one of the first a few attempts to improve the understanding of the freeze–thaw cycles of land surface in urban environments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study on the Mechanism of Artificial Runoff Generation on Typical Slopes in Farmland of North China","authors":"Qinghua Luan,&nbsp;Changhao Zhang,&nbsp;Jian Tong,&nbsp;Sushu Wu,&nbsp;Tingting Pang,&nbsp;Lishu Wang","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Runoff generation and concentration are essential processes of the hydrological cycle. Understanding runoff generation mechanisms is crucial for improving the accuracy of hydrological forecasting and regional water resource assessment. This research aims to explore runoff generation mechanisms of farmlands in the North China Plain through analysing the impact of farmland vegetation on runoff generation in typical slopes. Seven experimental scenarios were designed based on various land uses under an artificial rainfall intensity of 60 mm/h, using two soil tanks with slopes of 2° and 4°, respectively. The regional climates, cropping structures and management practices were considered for the scenario design. The experiments were conducted at the experimental plot of artificial rainfall runoff on the Linmingguan campus of Hebei University of Engineering, located in Hebei Province, China, from October 2019 to June 2021. The results indicated that the surface runoff rate varied significantly, while the interflow rate remained relatively stable. The surface runoff accounted for 64%–89.36% of the total runoff volume, and the proportion increased with the increase of slope gradient. The start time of surface runoff (<i>T</i>_Rs) was delayed by 7.5 min, and runoff volume (<i>V</i>_Rs) decreased by 42%–50% as winter wheat grew from seedling to maturity. In contrast, the start time of interflow (<i>T</i>_Ri) occurred 3.5 min earlier, and runoff volume (<i>V</i>_Ri) increased by 54%–55%. <i>T</i>_Rs advanced, and both <i>V</i>_Rs and peak flow increased with the slope increasing under the same vegetation type; however, the results of interflow showed the opposite trend. The runoff volume increased and start time of runoff advanced in the bare land, probably benefiting from the impact of the crop rotation system on soil characteristics in North China. The findings of this research provide an insight into understanding runoff mechanisms in North China, reducing the uncertainty between model parameters and watershed characteristics and offering beneficial references for research and practice in related fields.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying Climate Change Impacts on Hydrological Dynamics and Sedimentation Using GIS and SWAT+ Modelling","authors":"Sheharyar Ahmad,&nbsp;Muhammad Shareef Shazil,&nbsp;Syed Amer Mahmood,&nbsp;M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud,&nbsp;Aqil Tariq","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Climate change significantly impacts natural hydrological systems worldwide, affecting water availability and sedimentation dynamics. The upper Indus Basin is one of the most crucial basins in South Asia, which is undergoing severe climatic variations, resulting in extreme flooding. This study examines the impact of climate change on the hydrological cycle, water availability, and sedimentation dynamics in the Shyok River basin in the Karakoram region. The study focuses on investigating the increasing outflows on a seasonal basis, as found in the previous studies, by utilising daily river discharge data between 2003 and 2014 at Yugo hydrographic station operated by WAPDA with geographic information systems (GIS), SWAT+ (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), remote sensing, and statistical techniques. To analyse climatic variables, using only available ground weather stations inside the basin, we have utilised the ERA 5 reanalysis dataset to evaluate seasonal precipitation and temperature trends. The significance of ERA5-derived climatic variables has been assessed using the Mann-Kendall test, Sen's slope analysis and the Coefficient of Determination <i>R</i>² from 2000 to 2020 on a monthly basis. Analysis of seasonal discharge data using SWAT+ reveals a decline in water flow from July to October and a general upward trend during the last 20 years, such as a significant decrease in streamflow in the simulated trend, which was 293 m³/s in 2005 and dropped to 158 m³/s in 2017. In contrast, the maximum actual vs. simulated discharge decreased by 10 m³/s in 2010 and 2019, respectively. The temperature has increased by approximately 1.5°C. Seasonal precipitation analysis reveals an increasing trend in winter, while other seasons have shown fluctuating trends. Where the precipitation trends were found to be non-significant, with <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05. An analysis of sediment load and discharge of the model output suggests active erosion in the channel at a rate of approximately 40 megatons/ha. The study highlights the impacts of climate change on water availability and sedimentation dynamics in the Shyok River basin in the Karakoram region. It attempts to contribute to the existing literature on the evaluation of climate-induced changes in river channel morphology. The study also highlights the necessity of continuous climatic and hydrographic data at the basin scale.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical Conductivity as a Tracer for Seasonal Reverse Flow and Transport of Trace Organic Contaminants in River Spree","authors":"Christoph J. Reith,&nbsp;Jörg Lewandowski,&nbsp;Anke Putschew,&nbsp;Tobias Goldhammer,&nbsp;Josefine Filter,&nbsp;Stephanie Spahr","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change, population growth, urbanisation and water pollution will exacerbate the closely linked challenges of water quantity and water quality. The River Spree in Berlin, Germany, experiences recurrent low flow conditions in summer with seasonal flow reversals in certain sections of the river. This reverse flow leads to the transport of treated wastewater to upstream sections of River Spree and possibly to the introduction of treated wastewater into Lake Müggelsee, which is located upstream of the city centre and important for drinking water production via bank filtration in Berlin. A better understanding of the flow and contaminant dynamics in River Spree is required, but field data on the reverse flow are still lacking. In 2022 and 2023, we collected surface water samples to quantify major ions and trace organic contaminants. Over a period of nine months in 2023, we also measured the specific electrical conductivity at six locations with a temporal resolution of five minutes. During summer, the specific electrical conductivity increased at the sampling locations in River Spree upstream of the mouth of the wastewater-impaired River Erpe. The specific electrical conductivity proved to be an indicative parameter for the seasonal dynamics of reverse flow periods. During reverse flow, we observed increased concentrations of wastewater-derived trace organic contaminants, many of which correlated positively with the specific electrical conductivity. Strong differences in the reverse flow intensity between 2022 and 2023 indicate that both precipitation and discharge of the River Spree upstream of Lake Müggelsee have a strong influence on the reverse flow. This study demonstrates the applicability of easy-to-measure specific electrical conductivity as a proxy for hydrological conditions and chemical water quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote Sensing-Based Ecohydrogeological Characterisation and Perceptual Model of the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia","authors":"Stephen M. Chignell,&nbsp;Yeonuk Kim,&nbsp;Mark S. Johnson","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Bale Mountains are a volcanic region in south-central Ethiopia comprising Africa's largest alpine plateau and its adjacent montane forest. The region is recognised biologically as a centre of endemism, and hydrologically as a ‘water tower’, being the source of several rivers of critical importance for East Africa. However, little formal hydrologic data exist, and land management decisions are being made based largely on a mental model that assumes high vulnerability to changes in land use and land cover. We questioned this model using remote sensing data via Google Earth Engine to map spatial and temporal patterns of key hydrologic variables over the 20-year period spanning 2001–2020. We combined a quantitative water balance analysis with qualitative interpretation of the region's geologic and geomorphic features. Our results show that, on average, annual evapotranspiration in the forested area exceeds annual precipitation. Evapotranspiration for the forest was seen to increase throughout the long dry season, exceeding its equilibrium value, suggesting that forest vegetation is neither water-limited nor energy-limited, and may be subsidised by groundwater and/or soil moisture flow derived from upslope areas and thermal vents. These results confound assumed relationships among forests, wetlands, and human activity embedded in much of the region's scientific research and conservation policies. We conclude by offering a new model and set of working hypotheses from which future scientific studies and management policies can benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Resolution Simulation of Nitrate and Ammonium From Point and Diffuse Sources in a Small Headwater Catchment","authors":"Caroline Spill,&nbsp;Matthias Gassmann","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Catchment water quality models are common tools for assessing hydrochemical processes in catchments. They improve the process understanding and help to identify pollutant sources. However, the spatial and temporal resolution of many models is too coarse to represent processes occurring within minutes or hours, making them unsuitable for use in fast-responding catchments. Examples of such cases are headwater catchments or catchments influenced by urban agglomerations. ZIN-AgriTra is a physically based model that allows simulations with fine temporal (&lt; 1 h) and spatial (&lt; 100 m) resolution. As it also allows the implementation of point sources, it is suitable for the simulation of headwater catchments with mixed land use. In this study, we test for the first time the ability of ZIN-AgriTra to represent nitrogen transport and transformation processes in a point source influenced headwater catchment. High resolution time series of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent quantities were available as input to the model. For combined sewer overflow (CSO) discharges, only discharge times were measured. However, this knowledge was still valuable during the calibration process and improved the understanding of CSO contributions during events. Our model setup and modelling strategy allowed us to simulate nitrate and ammonium export from the catchment sufficiently. Overall, point sources have a significant impact of the sensitivity of model parameters by influencing the mixing ratio between point sources and stream discharge. As point sources were found to have a large impact on water quality and quantity, not considering them would inevitably lead to incorrect parameterisation of model parameters. Models should become more inclusive in order to be able to represent processes in mixed land use catchments, especially in places, where data availability is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Settling and Resuspension on Plastic Dynamics During Extreme Flow and Their Seasonality in Global Major Rivers","authors":"Tadanobu Nakayama","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Environmental contamination by plastics has been receiving considerable attention from scientists, policymakers and the public over the last few decades. Though some of the models have succeeded in simulating the transport and fate of plastic debris in freshwater systems, a complete model is now being developed to clarify the dynamic characteristics of the plastic budget on a continental scale. Recently, the author linked two process-based eco-hydrology models, NICE (National Integrated Catchment-based Eco-hydrology) and NICE-BGC (BioGeochemical Cycle), to a plastic debris model that accounts for both the transport and fate of plastic debris (advection, dispersion, diffusion, settling, dissolution and biochemical degradation by light and temperature), and applied this new model on a regional scale and also for global major rivers. The present study newly incorporated resuspension and bedload transport by extending the author's previous investigations. The simulated results showed that large-sized micro-plastics were distributed more in riverbeds than in river water. Although small-sized micro-plastics are suspended in the water and large-sized micro-plastics settle in the riverbed under normal flow, floods disturb this equilibrium completely and resuspend large-sized micro-plastics in the water. Because the percentage of exported micro-plastic load stored in the riverbed during flood periods is relatively high in some global major rivers, the amount of plastic deposited in riverbeds might be smaller than in lakes and dams. The riverine plastic transport to the ocean revised in the present study was 1.218 ± 0.393 Tg/yr, with macro-plastic flux 0.793 ± 0.305 Tg/yr and micro-plastic flux 0.426 ± 0.248 Tg/yr, being within the range of previous values, that is, 0.41–4.0 Tg/yr. These results aid the development of solutions and measures for the reduction of plastic input to the ocean, and help to quantify the magnitude of plastic transport under climate change.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing Trends of Shallow Groundwater Warming in Vienna's Urban Aquifers","authors":"Eva Kaminsky,&nbsp;Gregor Laaha,&nbsp;Cornelia Steiner,&nbsp;Eszter Buga-Nyéki,&nbsp;Constanze Englisch,&nbsp;Christian Griebler,&nbsp;Christine Stumpp","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Shallow groundwater in many cities around the world is subject to elevated temperatures that pose a risk to the groundwater quality and ecosystems. The objective of this study is to assess the suitability of different trend estimation methods for groundwater temperature and to specifically investigate the spatio-temporal long-term changes of water temperature in the urban groundwater of Vienna. Twenty-year data records (2001–2020) from different sources were used to assess changes in air, soil, river and groundwater temperature regarding their annual mean and extreme percentile values. The effects of data quality, different trend methods, and various time periods of analysis were investigated. Block bootstrapping in combination with the Mann–Kendall trend test was found to be a suitable method for determining the significance of mean trends if the time-series are short (10 years), as the underlying assumptions are lowest among all approaches. Between 2001 and 2020, the average annual temperature in Vienna increased by 0.9 K/decade for shallow groundwater and by 0.8 K/decade for air. However, the increase is not linear and has intensified in the later decade with an increase of 1.4 K/decade. The trends in extreme temperatures, represented by the lower (cold) / upper (warm) 10th percentile of air, soil and groundwater temperatures in the quantile regression, show the strongest increase in the lower 10th percentile of all air and soil temperatures. For groundwater, these extreme value trends are site-specific and influenced by urban infrastructure and the interaction of groundwater with river water. These results underline the importance of spatially and temporally high-resolution data and highlight the need for site-specific aquifer characterisation for the sustainable use of shallow geothermal energy for heating and cooling. The trend of GWT rise in the urban aquifer needs to be considered in water management to avoid possible negative consequences for water quality and ecology.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}