Hydrological Processes最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating Land Surface Temperature Variation and Its Responses to Climate Change and Human Activities on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Xuan Zhou,&nbsp;Baolin Xue,&nbsp;Guoqiang Wang,&nbsp;Yuntao Wang,&nbsp;Yinglan A,&nbsp;Kun Jia,&nbsp;Biao Cao,&nbsp;Ming Wang,&nbsp;Xiaofei Xi","doi":"10.1002/hyp.15313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15313","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Yarlung Zangbo River Basin (YZRB), situated within the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, has experienced significant alterations due to global warming and vegetation greening. This region serves as a critical indicator of the interplay between vegetation growth and climatic fluctuations, as evidenced by substantial changes in spatiotemporal land surface temperature (LST) over recent decades. In this research, we assessed the components of the water and energy cycles from 1980 to 2015 utilising the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model to generate a continuous daily LST data over a 35-year period. Subsequently, we analysed the variations in LST and identified the influence of environmental factors on temperature changes. Notably, while greening was observed, LST exhibited an upward trend. By differentiating the effects of climatic and anthropogenic factors on LST, we found that climate was the predominant influence, accounting for a contribution rate of 70.36% from 1980 to 1995. In contrast, human activities became the primary driver of LST changes, contributing 55% after 1995. Grasslands with moderate coverage demonstrated potential cooling effects. Among the various environmental factors examined, albedo exhibited a negative and delayed impact on LST, while temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration were positively correlated with LST, displaying relatively synchronous variations. Additionally, soil moisture and the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) were identified as leading contributors to positive changes in LST. This study enhances the understanding of the mechanisms influencing LST and provides essential insights for socio-economic development in areas with sensitive ecosystem.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Setting expectations for hydrologic model performance with an ensemble of simple benchmarks","authors":"Wouter J. M. Knoben","doi":"10.1002/hyp.15288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15288","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Example of benchmark inputs and results for a snow-dominated basin, subset to a 4-year period on either side of the calculation (left) and evaluation (right) divide (dotted red line). KGE scores in legends are calculated for the evaluation period. (a) Observed streamflow, precipitation and a ‘rain plus melt’ flux (RPM) derived from precipitation and temperature. RPM is used to define the benchmarks shown in c and d. (b) Flow-only benchmarks. The straight light green line is the traditional (NSE = 0; KGE = 1-√2) mean flow benchmark. (c) Rainfall-runoff ratio benchmarks. A single rainfall-runoff ratio is derived from the data in the calculation period and used to scale annual and monthly RPM sums into flow benchmarks. (d) Simple models that represent catchment function.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.15288","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Budget Input Linked to Atmospheric Rivers in British Columbia's Nechako River Basin","authors":"Bruno S. Sobral,&nbsp;Stephen J. Déry","doi":"10.1002/hyp.15301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15301","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explores the contribution of atmospheric rivers (ARs) to the water budget input of the Nechako River Basin (NRB) in British Columbia (BC), western Canada. The study quantifies the fraction of precipitation, rainfall, snowfall, and snow water equivalent (SWE) associated with ARs at multiple scales and tests for trends using the Mann–Kendall (MK) test. AR-related totals for 1950–2021 were created by linking AR events to water budget input variables of the ERA5-Land reanalysis product on a daily scale. Associations with different phases of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate pattern and AR-related contributions to the NRB are also investigated. Results indicate an increasing fractional contribution of rain in ARs landfalling in the NRB in the last two decades (2000–2019). Moreover, 21% of the total annual precipitation in the NRB is associated with ARs, with decreasing contributions from west to east. October has higher AR-related total precipitation than other months, while March, May and June are the least affected. ARs contribute disproportionately more to mid- and high-intensity daily precipitation totals, and provide up to 45% and 24% of the seasonal rainfall and snowfall, respectively. AR-related SWE is relatively higher in autumn due to the increased frequency and intensity of ARs, resulting in a greater fractional contribution of ARs to the snowpack compared to winter. ARs influence snowpack accumulation during fall (18%) and winter (13%) but also increase the risk of natural hazards. The MK test for AR-related water budget variables on the annual scale identified no significant trends. However, AR-related snowfall shows decreasing trends in the NRB, more specifically in the Upper Nechako, Lower Nechako and Stellako sub-basins during the summer. Over the study period, ARs consistently contribute up to one-fifth of the annual input to the NRB's water budget. This study provides the first quantitative assessment and trend analyses of AR contributions to the water budget input of a reservoir-regulated watershed in north-central BC, yielding valuable information for hydropower production, ecological flows, irrigation, domestic and industrial water use.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.15301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Stationary Flash Drought Analysis and Its Teleconnection With Low-Frequency Climatic Oscillations","authors":"Krishna Priya,&nbsp;V. M. Reddy,&nbsp;Litan Kumar Ray,&nbsp;Jew Das","doi":"10.1002/hyp.15315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15315","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Flash droughts, characterised by their rapid onset and significant impacts on local communities and agriculture, pose challenges for monitoring and mitigation efforts due to their unpredictable nature. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the occurrence, characteristics and influencing factors of flash droughts in the Ganga River Basin (GRB) for the period 1981–2020. Flash droughts are identified using the pentad averaged root zone soil moisture (PRZSM). The Mann-Kendall trend test is used to determine the spatial and temporal pattern of flash drought characteristics. Furthermore, a multivariate flash drought index (MFDI) is developed to account for the combined effects of flash drought characteristics. Finally, wavelet coherence analysis evaluates the relationship between climatic oscillations and MFDI at the sub-basin scale. Utilising a revised flash drought identification approach incorporating non-stationary cumulative distribution functions (CDFs), the study identifies flash droughts in the GRB, particularly emphasising higher occurrences in the Chambal and Upper Yamuna Sub-basins. Analysis of flash drought characteristics under stationary and non-stationary conditions reveals increased frequency, severity and decline rates, highlighting the impact of evaporation and latent heat flux. Furthermore, the Upper Ganga Sub-basin demonstrates coherence with the DMI at shorter time scales (1 to 4-year time scales), while the Lower Ganga Sub-basin displays a pronounced association with the NINO3.4 index (5.65-year time scale), indicating the impact of climate oscillations on flash drought dynamics in these regions. These findings provide valuable insights for drought monitoring, prediction and management strategies in a changing climate, emphasising the need for integrated approaches to address the complex interplay between climate variability and flash drought occurrences in the GRB.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Coupling Effect on Tide-Induced Fluctuations in a Multilayer Aquifer System","authors":"Julián E. Cuello,&nbsp;Luis Guarracino","doi":"10.1002/hyp.15303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15303","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We present a new analytical solution to study the mechanical coupling on tidal-induced head fluctuations in a coastal aquifer system. The conceptual model consists of two overlying confined units that extend infinitely under the sea. The proposed model assumes that the tidal fluctuations in the overlying aquifer are described by the classical equation derived by van der Kamp. For the underlying aquifer, a closed form analytical expression is derived by solving a boundary value problem that considers the loading effect produced by the overlying unit. The amplitude and phase lag of the underlying aquifer depend on both the specific storage and the thickness of the overlying unit. A parametric study shows that the mechanical coupling effect can be important for both large values of specific storage and thickness of the overlying aquifer.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142525242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest Dieback Alters Nutrient Pathways in a Temperate Headwater Catchment","authors":"Andreas Musolff,&nbsp;Larisa Tarasova,&nbsp;Karsten Rinke,&nbsp;José L. J. Ledesma","doi":"10.1002/hyp.15308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15308","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Forested headwater catchments ensure good water quality for downstream ecosystems and human consumption. Climate change and the exacerbating likelihood of extreme events elevate the risk of severe forest dieback. However, the effects of forest dieback on the quantity and quality of stream water are not fully understood. Here, we analyse high-frequency observations of discharge, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate (NO₃<span></span>N) obtained before, during and after a drought-induced forest dieback in a headwater stream in the German Harz Mountains. We focus on the characteristics of concentration-discharge (C-Q) relationships at the scale of runoff events to assess the effects of forest dieback on the sources, mobilisation and pathways of EC, DOC and NO₃<span></span>N. When comparing pre- and post-dieback conditions, we found a significant increase in runoff efficiency and a doubling of DOC loads exported from the catchment, while DOC concentrations increased only moderately and their C-Q patterns did not change. EC exhibit no changes in concentrations but a steepening of C-Q dilution patterns. We explain these findings with a dieback-induced decrease in evapotranspiration, which leads to more intensive drainage of the upper organic soil layers in the riparian zone. In contrast, we observed a strong increase in NO₃<span></span>N concentrations and fluxes by a factor of ~5, while C-Q patterns at the event scale changed from enrichment to dilution. We argue that the dieback led to an excess of NO₃<span></span>N on the hillslopes that connect to the stream via surficial flowpaths. In this way, NO₃<span></span>N bypasses the riparian zone, reducing the catchment's efficiency in attenuating this nutrient. Our study emphasises the pivotal role of riparian zones in mediating water quality in headwater streams. Different configurations of the riparian zone and its connection to the hillslopes and the stream network may be a missing piece in explaining differences in water quality responses of catchments to forest dieback.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.15308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Influence of Zero-Flow Threshold Choice for Characterising Intermittent Stream Hydrology","authors":"Songyan Yu,&nbsp;Margaret Shanafield,&nbsp;Mark J. Kennard","doi":"10.1002/hyp.15300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15300","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Zero-flow recordings in gauged streamflow data are critically important for intermittent stream research. Acknowledging the high uncertainty in zero-flow recordings, many studies pick a small number as zero-flow threshold, below which the flow is considered to be zero. The choice of zero-flow threshold is often arbitrary or unjustified, which leads us to wonder: would selecting a slightly different threshold change analysis result significantly? Here, we used a simple sensitivity analysis to assess how the choice of zero-flow threshold impacts the calculated values of relevant metrics to intermittent stream research. Results show that these metrics tended to be more sensitive to lower zero-flow thresholds, suggesting that even choosing a slightly different threshold could lead to meaningfully different results from the management perspective. This study highlights the need for reasonable justification of the choice of zero-flow threshold and concludes with potential ways to reduce uncertainty in zero-flow measurement.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.15300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epikarst Controls of Runoff Composition in Subterranean Stream After Rainstorm Events","authors":"Heng Zhao,&nbsp;Hong Zhou,&nbsp;Kun Huang,&nbsp;Yi Pan,&nbsp;Yinong Peng,&nbsp;Xinhui He,&nbsp;Siqi Wang,&nbsp;Junwei Wan","doi":"10.1002/hyp.15305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15305","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Epikarst plays a critical role in karst water circulation, however, its studies have often been limited to small springs or basins, ignoring its importance in larger, highly karstified subterranean streams. This study focused on the Longlingong (LLG) subterranean stream system, where the discharge and electrical conductivity (EC) of the subterranean stream outlet for 2.5 years, and found that 85% of all rainstorm events monitored during this period showed a pattern of increasing and then decreasing EC. High-resolution hydrochemistry monitoring was conducted at the outlet during a rainstorm event when this response pattern occurred. Simultaneously, epikarst water (EW), saturated zone fissure karst water (FW), and surface water (PW) from this system were collected as three recharge sources for hydrochemical analyses based on the results of the field investigations, and end-member mixing analyses were performed using the EMMA-MIX model. These combined methods can accurately characterise the response of the subterranean stream system to rainstorm events, assess the contribution and response of individual recharge sources throughout the rainstorm, and reveal the mechanisms involved. The results indicate that the increase in EC is primarily driven by changes in HCO₃⁻ concentration resulting from the rapid discharge of EW through sinkholes and shafts. EW contributes 28.7% of the rain-induced subterranean stream runoff, exceeding FW. The epikarst exhibits a rapid response to rainstorms, as evidenced by a remarkable 681% increase in EW discharge following a rainstorm event. Flood peaks in the subterranean stream are mainly composed of PW (44%) and EW (43.6%). This study highlights the key role of the epikarst as a karst groundwater reservoir. The sensitivity of the epikarst to rainstorms, particularly its role in facilitating rapid piston-like migration of EW during initial runoff, highlights its significant influence on discharge and hydrochemistry. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the function of epikarst within highly karstified subterranean streams.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142524714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of constructing all-encompassing soil–plant-atmosphere-continuum stations and datasets from meteorological, flux, soil moisture station networks and plant-relevant observations","authors":"Haiyang Shi","doi":"10.1002/hyp.15284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15284","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The establishment of SPAC (soil–plant-atmosphere continuum) stations is essential for comprehensive monitoring of land-atmosphere interactions and ecological and hydrological processes. This paper addresses the critical limitations of existing observation networks, which often rely on single-aspect observations, resulting in insufficient data for a holistic understanding of SPAC dynamics. Specifically, SPAC stations provide critical multi-variable observations that enhance process-based model calibration and physical constraints and improve the empirical basis of data-driven models. Advanced technologies such as machine learning and remote sensing are proposed to transform current weather and soil moisture stations into quasi-SPAC sites capable of estimating carbon and water flux data. Additionally, the strategic placement of new SPAC sites in regions projected to be sensitive to future climate change and climate risks, as indicated by models such as CMIP6, is recommended. Furthermore, promoting comprehensive observational systems like Europe's Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) in other regions, establishing a unified management framework and coordinating the upgrading of existing global observation networks are essential steps. Ultimately, the proposed enhancements will advance global ecological and hydrological studies, providing a more integrated and accurate understanding of the SPAC system and its responses to climate variability.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.15284","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drivers and Buffers of Stream Flashiness in the Mid-Atlantic United States","authors":"Rachel Hurley,&nbsp;David Brandes,&nbsp;Christa Kelleher","doi":"10.1002/hyp.15302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.15302","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Flashiness is a hydrologic signature used to describe the responsiveness of streamflow to precipitation. In practise, flashiness has most often been correlated with rainfall intensity and the presence of urban land cover or imperviousness. However, a number of watershed characteristics can influence flashiness, necessitating further investigation of how this particular watershed behaviour and its associated drivers vary at regional scales. We investigated how ten measurable watershed characteristics are empirically related to flashiness of 195 gauged streams in the Mid-Atlantic region using linear regression analysis. The selected gauges had drainage areas ranging in size from 15 to 250 km². To explore multiple quantifications of flashiness, we determined both the Richards-Baker flashiness index, calculated from the continuous hydrograph, and number of peaks-over-threshold, for all watersheds for a 10-year period. As found in other studies, the percentage of watershed development was strongly correlated with stream flashiness, though significant inverse relationships also existed for forest cover, water and wetlands and carbonate geology. Differences in flashiness values between rural and suburban watersheds were not significant, with a significant increase in flashiness (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) occurring at 80% development or ~ 25% imperviousness. In addition, we found significant differences in relationships between watershed characteristics and flashiness when differentiated by physiographic regions. For the study area and each of its five physiographic sub-regions, we identified the four most important predictors through multiple regression. The overall mid-Atlantic model suggested that development, wetlands and compactness ratio as the most important predictors (adj <i>R</i>² = 0.57). Significant predictors of stream flashiness varied among regions; however, wetlands served as a significant buffer of flashiness in four of five sub-regions demonstrating the importance of wetlands in modulating flash-flooding. In all physiographic regions, empirical models of flashiness values outperformed the Mid-Atlantic regional model, underscoring the value of local landscape characteristics in augmenting or modulating flashy watershed responses. Our findings suggest the potential for improvements to operational flash-flood forecasting using hydrologic characteristics of the landscape.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"38 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}