Hydrological Processes最新文献

{"title":"Experimental Study on the Mechanism of Artificial Runoff Generation on Typical Slopes in Farmland of North China","authors":"Qinghua Luan,&nbsp;Changhao Zhang,&nbsp;Jian Tong,&nbsp;Sushu Wu,&nbsp;Tingting Pang,&nbsp;Lishu Wang","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Runoff generation and concentration are essential processes of the hydrological cycle. Understanding runoff generation mechanisms is crucial for improving the accuracy of hydrological forecasting and regional water resource assessment. This research aims to explore runoff generation mechanisms of farmlands in the North China Plain through analysing the impact of farmland vegetation on runoff generation in typical slopes. Seven experimental scenarios were designed based on various land uses under an artificial rainfall intensity of 60 mm/h, using two soil tanks with slopes of 2° and 4°, respectively. The regional climates, cropping structures and management practices were considered for the scenario design. The experiments were conducted at the experimental plot of artificial rainfall runoff on the Linmingguan campus of Hebei University of Engineering, located in Hebei Province, China, from October 2019 to June 2021. The results indicated that the surface runoff rate varied significantly, while the interflow rate remained relatively stable. The surface runoff accounted for 64%–89.36% of the total runoff volume, and the proportion increased with the increase of slope gradient. The start time of surface runoff (<i>T</i>_Rs) was delayed by 7.5 min, and runoff volume (<i>V</i>_Rs) decreased by 42%–50% as winter wheat grew from seedling to maturity. In contrast, the start time of interflow (<i>T</i>_Ri) occurred 3.5 min earlier, and runoff volume (<i>V</i>_Ri) increased by 54%–55%. <i>T</i>_Rs advanced, and both <i>V</i>_Rs and peak flow increased with the slope increasing under the same vegetation type; however, the results of interflow showed the opposite trend. The runoff volume increased and start time of runoff advanced in the bare land, probably benefiting from the impact of the crop rotation system on soil characteristics in North China. The findings of this research provide an insight into understanding runoff mechanisms in North China, reducing the uncertainty between model parameters and watershed characteristics and offering beneficial references for research and practice in related fields.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying Climate Change Impacts on Hydrological Dynamics and Sedimentation Using GIS and SWAT+ Modelling","authors":"Sheharyar Ahmad,&nbsp;Muhammad Shareef Shazil,&nbsp;Syed Amer Mahmood,&nbsp;M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud,&nbsp;Aqil Tariq","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Climate change significantly impacts natural hydrological systems worldwide, affecting water availability and sedimentation dynamics. The upper Indus Basin is one of the most crucial basins in South Asia, which is undergoing severe climatic variations, resulting in extreme flooding. This study examines the impact of climate change on the hydrological cycle, water availability, and sedimentation dynamics in the Shyok River basin in the Karakoram region. The study focuses on investigating the increasing outflows on a seasonal basis, as found in the previous studies, by utilising daily river discharge data between 2003 and 2014 at Yugo hydrographic station operated by WAPDA with geographic information systems (GIS), SWAT+ (Soil and Water Assessment Tool), remote sensing, and statistical techniques. To analyse climatic variables, using only available ground weather stations inside the basin, we have utilised the ERA 5 reanalysis dataset to evaluate seasonal precipitation and temperature trends. The significance of ERA5-derived climatic variables has been assessed using the Mann-Kendall test, Sen's slope analysis and the Coefficient of Determination <i>R</i>² from 2000 to 2020 on a monthly basis. Analysis of seasonal discharge data using SWAT+ reveals a decline in water flow from July to October and a general upward trend during the last 20 years, such as a significant decrease in streamflow in the simulated trend, which was 293 m³/s in 2005 and dropped to 158 m³/s in 2017. In contrast, the maximum actual vs. simulated discharge decreased by 10 m³/s in 2010 and 2019, respectively. The temperature has increased by approximately 1.5°C. Seasonal precipitation analysis reveals an increasing trend in winter, while other seasons have shown fluctuating trends. Where the precipitation trends were found to be non-significant, with <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05. An analysis of sediment load and discharge of the model output suggests active erosion in the channel at a rate of approximately 40 megatons/ha. The study highlights the impacts of climate change on water availability and sedimentation dynamics in the Shyok River basin in the Karakoram region. It attempts to contribute to the existing literature on the evaluation of climate-induced changes in river channel morphology. The study also highlights the necessity of continuous climatic and hydrographic data at the basin scale.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical Conductivity as a Tracer for Seasonal Reverse Flow and Transport of Trace Organic Contaminants in River Spree","authors":"Christoph J. Reith,&nbsp;Jörg Lewandowski,&nbsp;Anke Putschew,&nbsp;Tobias Goldhammer,&nbsp;Josefine Filter,&nbsp;Stephanie Spahr","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change, population growth, urbanisation and water pollution will exacerbate the closely linked challenges of water quantity and water quality. The River Spree in Berlin, Germany, experiences recurrent low flow conditions in summer with seasonal flow reversals in certain sections of the river. This reverse flow leads to the transport of treated wastewater to upstream sections of River Spree and possibly to the introduction of treated wastewater into Lake Müggelsee, which is located upstream of the city centre and important for drinking water production via bank filtration in Berlin. A better understanding of the flow and contaminant dynamics in River Spree is required, but field data on the reverse flow are still lacking. In 2022 and 2023, we collected surface water samples to quantify major ions and trace organic contaminants. Over a period of nine months in 2023, we also measured the specific electrical conductivity at six locations with a temporal resolution of five minutes. During summer, the specific electrical conductivity increased at the sampling locations in River Spree upstream of the mouth of the wastewater-impaired River Erpe. The specific electrical conductivity proved to be an indicative parameter for the seasonal dynamics of reverse flow periods. During reverse flow, we observed increased concentrations of wastewater-derived trace organic contaminants, many of which correlated positively with the specific electrical conductivity. Strong differences in the reverse flow intensity between 2022 and 2023 indicate that both precipitation and discharge of the River Spree upstream of Lake Müggelsee have a strong influence on the reverse flow. This study demonstrates the applicability of easy-to-measure specific electrical conductivity as a proxy for hydrological conditions and chemical water quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote Sensing-Based Ecohydrogeological Characterisation and Perceptual Model of the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia","authors":"Stephen M. Chignell,&nbsp;Yeonuk Kim,&nbsp;Mark S. Johnson","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Bale Mountains are a volcanic region in south-central Ethiopia comprising Africa's largest alpine plateau and its adjacent montane forest. The region is recognised biologically as a centre of endemism, and hydrologically as a ‘water tower’, being the source of several rivers of critical importance for East Africa. However, little formal hydrologic data exist, and land management decisions are being made based largely on a mental model that assumes high vulnerability to changes in land use and land cover. We questioned this model using remote sensing data via Google Earth Engine to map spatial and temporal patterns of key hydrologic variables over the 20-year period spanning 2001–2020. We combined a quantitative water balance analysis with qualitative interpretation of the region's geologic and geomorphic features. Our results show that, on average, annual evapotranspiration in the forested area exceeds annual precipitation. Evapotranspiration for the forest was seen to increase throughout the long dry season, exceeding its equilibrium value, suggesting that forest vegetation is neither water-limited nor energy-limited, and may be subsidised by groundwater and/or soil moisture flow derived from upslope areas and thermal vents. These results confound assumed relationships among forests, wetlands, and human activity embedded in much of the region's scientific research and conservation policies. We conclude by offering a new model and set of working hypotheses from which future scientific studies and management policies can benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High Resolution Simulation of Nitrate and Ammonium From Point and Diffuse Sources in a Small Headwater Catchment","authors":"Caroline Spill,&nbsp;Matthias Gassmann","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Catchment water quality models are common tools for assessing hydrochemical processes in catchments. They improve the process understanding and help to identify pollutant sources. However, the spatial and temporal resolution of many models is too coarse to represent processes occurring within minutes or hours, making them unsuitable for use in fast-responding catchments. Examples of such cases are headwater catchments or catchments influenced by urban agglomerations. ZIN-AgriTra is a physically based model that allows simulations with fine temporal (&lt; 1 h) and spatial (&lt; 100 m) resolution. As it also allows the implementation of point sources, it is suitable for the simulation of headwater catchments with mixed land use. In this study, we test for the first time the ability of ZIN-AgriTra to represent nitrogen transport and transformation processes in a point source influenced headwater catchment. High resolution time series of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent quantities were available as input to the model. For combined sewer overflow (CSO) discharges, only discharge times were measured. However, this knowledge was still valuable during the calibration process and improved the understanding of CSO contributions during events. Our model setup and modelling strategy allowed us to simulate nitrate and ammonium export from the catchment sufficiently. Overall, point sources have a significant impact of the sensitivity of model parameters by influencing the mixing ratio between point sources and stream discharge. As point sources were found to have a large impact on water quality and quantity, not considering them would inevitably lead to incorrect parameterisation of model parameters. Models should become more inclusive in order to be able to represent processes in mixed land use catchments, especially in places, where data availability is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70081","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Settling and Resuspension on Plastic Dynamics During Extreme Flow and Their Seasonality in Global Major Rivers","authors":"Tadanobu Nakayama","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Environmental contamination by plastics has been receiving considerable attention from scientists, policymakers and the public over the last few decades. Though some of the models have succeeded in simulating the transport and fate of plastic debris in freshwater systems, a complete model is now being developed to clarify the dynamic characteristics of the plastic budget on a continental scale. Recently, the author linked two process-based eco-hydrology models, NICE (National Integrated Catchment-based Eco-hydrology) and NICE-BGC (BioGeochemical Cycle), to a plastic debris model that accounts for both the transport and fate of plastic debris (advection, dispersion, diffusion, settling, dissolution and biochemical degradation by light and temperature), and applied this new model on a regional scale and also for global major rivers. The present study newly incorporated resuspension and bedload transport by extending the author's previous investigations. The simulated results showed that large-sized micro-plastics were distributed more in riverbeds than in river water. Although small-sized micro-plastics are suspended in the water and large-sized micro-plastics settle in the riverbed under normal flow, floods disturb this equilibrium completely and resuspend large-sized micro-plastics in the water. Because the percentage of exported micro-plastic load stored in the riverbed during flood periods is relatively high in some global major rivers, the amount of plastic deposited in riverbeds might be smaller than in lakes and dams. The riverine plastic transport to the ocean revised in the present study was 1.218 ± 0.393 Tg/yr, with macro-plastic flux 0.793 ± 0.305 Tg/yr and micro-plastic flux 0.426 ± 0.248 Tg/yr, being within the range of previous values, that is, 0.41–4.0 Tg/yr. These results aid the development of solutions and measures for the reduction of plastic input to the ocean, and help to quantify the magnitude of plastic transport under climate change.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing Trends of Shallow Groundwater Warming in Vienna's Urban Aquifers","authors":"Eva Kaminsky,&nbsp;Gregor Laaha,&nbsp;Cornelia Steiner,&nbsp;Eszter Buga-Nyéki,&nbsp;Constanze Englisch,&nbsp;Christian Griebler,&nbsp;Christine Stumpp","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Shallow groundwater in many cities around the world is subject to elevated temperatures that pose a risk to the groundwater quality and ecosystems. The objective of this study is to assess the suitability of different trend estimation methods for groundwater temperature and to specifically investigate the spatio-temporal long-term changes of water temperature in the urban groundwater of Vienna. Twenty-year data records (2001–2020) from different sources were used to assess changes in air, soil, river and groundwater temperature regarding their annual mean and extreme percentile values. The effects of data quality, different trend methods, and various time periods of analysis were investigated. Block bootstrapping in combination with the Mann–Kendall trend test was found to be a suitable method for determining the significance of mean trends if the time-series are short (10 years), as the underlying assumptions are lowest among all approaches. Between 2001 and 2020, the average annual temperature in Vienna increased by 0.9 K/decade for shallow groundwater and by 0.8 K/decade for air. However, the increase is not linear and has intensified in the later decade with an increase of 1.4 K/decade. The trends in extreme temperatures, represented by the lower (cold) / upper (warm) 10th percentile of air, soil and groundwater temperatures in the quantile regression, show the strongest increase in the lower 10th percentile of all air and soil temperatures. For groundwater, these extreme value trends are site-specific and influenced by urban infrastructure and the interaction of groundwater with river water. These results underline the importance of spatially and temporally high-resolution data and highlight the need for site-specific aquifer characterisation for the sustainable use of shallow geothermal energy for heating and cooling. The trend of GWT rise in the urban aquifer needs to be considered in water management to avoid possible negative consequences for water quality and ecology.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasts in Ecohydrological Partitioning of Heterogeneous Urban Green Spaces in Energy-Limited Versus Water-Limited Hydroclimates","authors":"Jamie Lee Stevenson,&nbsp;Doerthe Tetzlaff,&nbsp;Christian Birkel,&nbsp;Chris Soulsby","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Urban green spaces (UGS) provide essential ecosystem services (ES), for example, precipitation infiltration for flood mitigation, transpiration (Tr) for local atmosphere cooling and groundwater recharge (Gr) for drinking water provision. However, vegetation type impacts the ecohydrological partitioning of incoming precipitation and therefore ES provision, whilst flux rate potential is different in disparate hydroclimates. Consequently, paired studies in different hydroclimates are useful to understand similarities and differences in vegetation controlled ecohydrological partitioning to effectively guide UGS management. We simultaneously undertook sub-daily soil moisture measurements beneath three contrasting urban vegetation types (grass, shrub, mature tree) between 01/01/2021 and 31/12/2023 for an inter-comparison of an energy-limited Scottish and a moisture-limited region of Germany. These data were integrated with hydroclimatic and sapflux data in the EcoHydroPlot model to constrain estimates of ecohydrological fluxes. Soil moisture data showed clear effects of the contrasting hydroclimates, with high and low VWC values in Scotland and Germany, respectively, whilst evapotranspiration potential was ~50% greater in Germany. Consequently, ecohydrological functioning and flux rates were fundamentally different, with Tr dominant in Germany and Gr dominant in Scotland. However, vegetation cover was shown in both countries to be a key control on urban ecohydrological partitioning with grass encouraging Gr, contrasting to evergreen shrubs in Scotland and mature trees in Germany elevating Tr. In Germany, impacts to hydrological functioning due to low soil VWC were marked with the mature trees high Tr rate shutting down Gr for the majority of the study period. The German site also showed greater hydrological functioning susceptibility to inter-annual hydroclimatic variability with all fluxes heavily suppressed during the 2022 drought. In contrast, the high VWC in Scotland provided some buffer against ongoing negative rainfall anomalies. Overall, the study indicated the importance of diverse UGS vegetation cover to encourage contrasting ecohydrological fluxes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought Dynamics and Vulnerability—Preface","authors":"Michael Nones,&nbsp;Martijn J. Booij,&nbsp;Emilia Karamuz,&nbsp;Wen Wang","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143111612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelled Water Temperature Patterns and Energy Balance of a Threatened Coastal Lagoon Ecosystem","authors":"Aida Zeighami,&nbsp;Barret L. Kurylyk","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coastal water temperatures control physical, chemical, and biological processes and are expected to rise due to future changes in freshwater temperature and flow rates, heat exchange with the warming atmosphere, and thermal interactions with a changing ocean. However, the thermal sensitivity of transitional, coastal water bodies to climate change remains poorly understood, due partly to a lack of knowledge on present-day thermal controls in these settings. Accordingly, we applied a coastal hydrodynamic model (MIKE 3 FM), with a coupled thermal module to simulate hydrodynamics and water temperature variability in the Basin Head lagoon, a federally protected coastal ecosystem in the Canadian province of Prince Edward Island. Field data from the lagoon were used to calibrate and assess the numerical model, while atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrologic data were used to form the thermal and hydrodynamic boundary conditions. The model successfully reproduced tidal water level oscillations as well as diurnal and semi-diurnal (tidal) temperature fluctuations. Model results show longitudinal, cross-shore, and vertical thermal variability within the lagoon, including pronounced thermal variability near the bed and near the inlet due to tidal pumping. Model results and field data highlight the thermal sensitivity of the lagoon during heat waves; however, distinct cold-water plumes at freshwater inputs (springs and groundwater-dominated streams) persisted, with temporally averaged temperatures in these zones up to 18 °C colder than the ambient lagoon. Although, these freshwater inflows can dominate local energy budgets, the surface heat fluxes, especially shortwave radiation, exert the dominant control on the lagoon-wide energy budget. Collectively, the model findings emphasise the interacting effects of atmospheric, hydrologic, and oceanic forcing on the spatiotemporal patterns of water temperatures in this threatened coastal ecosystem.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70068","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}