Hydrological Processes最新文献

{"title":"Montane Seasonal and Elevational Precipitation Gradients in the Southern Rockies of Alberta, Canada","authors":"Celeste Barnes,&nbsp;Ryan J. MacDonald,&nbsp;Chris Hopkinson","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Modelling precipitation inputs in mountainous terrain is challenging for water resource managers given sparse monitoring sites and complex physical hydroclimatic processes. Government of Alberta weather station uncorrected and bias-corrected precipitation datasets were used to examine elevational precipitation gradients (EPGs) and seasonality of EPGs for six South-Saskatchewan River headwater sites (alpine, sub-alpine, valley). January EPG from valley to alpine sites (730 m elevation difference) using uncorrected precipitation was 19 mm/100 m. Corrected EPG was approximately three times greater (61 mm/100 m). The valley received more precipitation than the alpine (inverse EPG) in late spring and summer. A seasonal signal was present whereby all sites demonstrated 50%–70% lower summertime precipitation relative to winter months, with the greatest seasonal variance at the alpine site. Winter watershed-level spatialized precipitation volume was compared to modelled snow water equivalent (SWE) associated with two late-winter airborne lidar surveys. Uncorrected volumes (2020: 64.0 × 10⁶m³, 2021: 63.2 × 10⁶m³) were slightly higher than modelled mean SWE (2020: 51.6 × 10⁶m³, 2021: 44.2 × 10⁶m³) whereas bias-corrected (2020: 120.5 × 10⁶m³, 2021: 119.7 × 10⁶m³) almost doubled the estimate. Corrected precipitation is assumed closer to the true value. Cumulative sublimation, evaporation and snowmelt losses result in ground-level snowpack yield that deviates from total atmospheric precipitation in an increasingly negative manner. The 2020/2021 simulations suggest wintertime atmospheric precipitation exceeds late-winter snowpack accumulation by up to 57% and 63%, respectively. A loss of 16 × 10⁶m³ (7%) watershed SWE from the alpine zone was partially attributed to redistribution downslope to the treeline-ecotone. Physical snowpack losses from sublimation and melt, or modelling uncertainty due to precipitation correction and alpine snow-density uncertainties can also contribute to observed discrepancies between in situ SWE and cumulative precipitation. Ignoring bias-correction in headwater precipitation estimates can greatly impact headwater precipitation volume estimates and ignoring EPG seasonality is likely to result in under-estimated winter and over-estimated summer yields.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical and Lateral Variability of Suspended Sediment Transport in the Rhine River","authors":"Aron Slabon,&nbsp;Simon Terweh,&nbsp;Thomas O. Hoffmann","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Suspended sediment is one of the major contributors to the total sediment load transported by rivers. Suspended sediment transport is highly variable both in time and space, driven by complex interactions between tectonics, climate change, and anthropogenic activity. Large waterways often underlie strong anthropogenic impact, for example, to ensure navigability and pursue economic objectives. However, stability and ecological integrity of the river system are equally important. For both, economic and ecologic objectives, processes related to the transport, deposition, and resuspension of fine sediment must be understood and quantified. Starting in the 1960s the Waterways and Shipping Administration (WSV) and the Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) started an extensive monitoring program to quantify suspended sediment transport in German navigable waterways. To cope with the large spatiotemporal variability of suspended sediment transport the WSV combined work-daily single point measurements and infrequent multi-point measurements. The aim of our study is to quantify the vertical and lateral variability of suspended sediment transport along the largest waterway in Germany, the Rhine River, and investigate drivers of cross-sectional variability. We link results from multi-point measurements with single-point measurements to assess the representativity of surface samples compared to cross-sectional means of suspended sediment concentration. The comparison of these two monitoring programs reveals that surface samples strongly underestimate suspended sediment loads. Main drivers that could be quantified are vertical gradients of suspended sediment concentration by means of Rouse profiles and lateral variability which is partially explained by mean channel curvature and related to the underestimation of suspended sediment transport relying on surface samples. Further, we observe that the magnitude of lateral variability is comparable to vertical variability, but often neglected in suspended sediment monitoring. Our study contributes to the refinement of existing monitoring schemes and shows how empirical data verifies and falsifies transport dynamics and processes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Snowmelt Infiltration and Runoff From Seasonally Frozen Hillslopes in a High Mountain Basin","authors":"Terava Groff,&nbsp;John W. Pomeroy","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is relatively little research on infiltration into seasonally frozen soils on mountain hillslopes and few evaluations of infiltration model performance in this environment exist. As a result, the application of existing infiltration estimation methods developed in level environments is uncertain for estimating spring runoff in mountain basins. A field study was conducted in the Canadian Rockies using 8 years of snowpack, liquid soil moisture, and temperature profile observations from steep north-facing and south-facing slopes. Seasonal infiltration was calculated using soil freezing characteristic curves, timeseries of soil volumetric water content and temperature. Infiltration was found to primarily follow the limited case postulated by Popov (1972), with only 1 year at one site undergoing unlimited infiltration where nearly all meltwater infiltrated. Infiltration was estimated using an equation for the limited case developed from extensive observations of seasonal infiltration, initial soil saturation, and peak SWE in Canadian prairie agricultural fields. Whilst this equation accurately estimated infiltration depths on these mountain hillslope sites, it was unsuitable for application due to a statistical association between its driving variables. Initial soil saturation had no influence on infiltration depths at these sites and so a simpler single-variable infiltration equation to estimate infiltration depths based on peak SWE was developed and found to have good predictive capability. Alternative approaches using modelled cumulative melt or infiltration opportunity time also had good predictability. Runoff depths estimated from a water balance, assuming negligible evaporation and sub-surface drainage, were reliably predicted using peak SWE or cumulative melt depths by single-variable infiltration equations in the absence of soil moisture, texture, aspect, or slope information. The results provide insights into estimating snowmelt runoff on hillslopes from snowpack accumulation that has been observed in cold region mountains, despite the complexity of hillslope hydrology and frozen soil infiltration processes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced River Connectivity Assessment Across Larger Areas Through Deep Learning With Dam Detection","authors":"Xiao Zhang,&nbsp;Qi Liu,&nbsp;Dongwei Gui,&nbsp;Jianping Zhao,&nbsp;Yu Chen,&nbsp;Yunfei Liu,&nbsp;Jaime Martínez-Valderrama","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Monitoring river connectivity across large regions is essential for understanding hydrological processes and environmental management. However, comprehensive assessments of river connectivity are often hindered by inaccurate dam databases, which are biased towards larger dams while overlooking smaller or low-head dams. To enhance the accuracy of river connectivity assessments, we developed three advanced convolutional neural networks (CNNs; YOLOv5, Advance-You Only Look Once [YOLO], and Faster R-CNN) to accurately classify dams and evaluate river connectivity using high-resolution (1 m) remote sensing imagery. The evaluation results showed that Advance-YOLO performs best with an average mean average precision (mAP) of 86.6%, while Faster R-CNN performs mediocrely with an average mAP of 77.9%. Applying the well-trained model in the Tarim River Basin (China), one of the largest inland river basins around the globe, we found that there are currently 135 dams in total on the Tarim River and its sources. Conversely, the existing public dam database underestimates 85.9% of the dams. Notably, we found a 14.3% decline in river connectivity of the Tarim River over the past decade, and the current dam density of the Tarim River and its four source rivers is 1.12 per 10 000 km². However, the existing public dam database overestimated river connectivity by 83.9%. The model developed here enhances river connectivity assessment across larger areas over a long period, thereby fostering more advanced research on hydrological processes and effective water resource management.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Hydrological Dynamics in Andean Basins: An Isotope-Based Study in Arid North-Central Chile","authors":"Ricardo Oyarzún,&nbsp;Denisse Duhalde,&nbsp;José Luis Arumí,&nbsp;Jan Boll,&nbsp;Shelley MacDonell","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mountain ranges cover approximately 24% of the Earth’s land mass. These environments have a special relevance in terms of global water supply. However, historically mountain groundwater processes have been generally overlooked or poorly understood, especially in the Andes cordillera. With this in mind, this work aimed to study hydrological processes in four Andean, semi-arid headwater river basins. Along with monthly stable isotope data collection, we carried out a synoptic surface water sampling programme in each river on four specific dates for ³H analysis. The latter indicated water of similar age in the rivers of three sub-basins (Derecho, Cochiguaz, Incaguaz), but much older in the fourth (Toro). We assessed different possible explanations for these differences such as effects of past mining activities (El Indio mine), physiographic factors and snow accumulation and glacier related factors, but none of these were satisfactory. Instead, our findings point to the activation of faults in response to seismic activity, which induces pumping of fluids (water) from deeper zones, facilitating exfiltration processes in the Toro River sub-basin. This explains the presence of surface waters older than those associated with current meteoric processes. Such geological process should be assessed and eventually accounted for when studying mountain hydrogeological processes, especially in high fractured areas with direct or indirect evidence of geothermal activity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward Automated Scientific Discovery in Hydrology: The Opportunities and Dangers of AI Augmented Research Frameworks","authors":"Darri Eythorsson,&nbsp;Martyn Clark","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This commentary explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to transform hydrological modelling workflows. We introduce a prototype AI-assisted framework called INDRA (Intelligent Network for Dynamic River Analysis) that leverages a multi-agent architecture composed of specialised large language models (LLMs) to assist in model conceptualization, configuration, execution, and interpretation. INDRA integrates with CONFLUENCE, a comprehensive modelling framework, to provide context-aware guidance and automation throughout the modelling process. We discuss the opportunities and dangers of AI-augmented research frameworks, emphasising the importance of maintaining human oversight while harnessing AI's potential to enhance efficiency, reproducibility, and scientific understanding. We argue that AI-assisted workflows could democratise advanced hydrological modelling, enabling researchers worldwide to address critical water resources challenges, particularly in understudied regions. While acknowledging potential biases and risks, we advocate for responsible AI integration to catalyse a new paradigm in hydrological science.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70065","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fourteen-Year Fluvial Sediment Record Shows Non-Conservativeness of Organic Tracers: Recommendations for Sediment Fingerprinting","authors":"Brenden Riddle,&nbsp;Jimmy Fox,&nbsp;Bill Ford,&nbsp;Admin Husic,&nbsp;Erik Pollock","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While tracing the sources of fluvial sediment using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopic ratios (<i>δ</i>¹³C and <i>δ</i>¹⁵N) has progressed significantly over the last two decades, the conservativeness of these tracers remains questionable. Recent work indicates that <i>δ</i>¹³C and <i>δ</i>¹⁵N alterations in streambed deposition zones likely represent the largest source of uncertainty impacting usefulness of the isotopic ratios as tracers. Here we report a 14-year dataset of <i>δ</i>¹³C and <i>δ</i>¹⁵N of fluvial sediment from a streambed-dominated basin in Kentucky, USA, and employ empirical model decomposition (EMD) to identify dominant temporal trends that may impact conservativeness. Results from EMD show significant seasonality of <i>δ</i>¹³C and <i>δ</i>¹⁵N for sediment as well as underlying multi-year variation. The seasonal and multi-year variance account for 72% and 50% of the total data variation for <i>δ</i>¹³C and <i>δ</i>¹⁵N, respectively. The prominent seasonality for <i>δ</i>¹³C and <i>δ</i>¹⁵N show a mean intra-annual change of 0.6‰ and 1.1‰, respectively, and the seasonal change is attributed to algal accrual and organic matter turnover in the streambed sediment deposits. Mixing model simulations show that the mean streambed isotopic ratios should be separated from other sediment sources by 3.0‰ and 3.6‰ for <i>δ</i>¹³C and <i>δ</i>¹⁵N, respectively, to achieve 90% accuracy in source apportionment when the isotopic ratios are used independently; and the mean streambed value of both isotopic ratios should be separated from other sediment sources by 3.0‰ when <i>δ</i>¹³C and <i>δ</i>¹⁵N are used in combination. Our results lead to the recommendation that isotope ratios of sources be separated by at least 3‰ when the streambed is expected to be a prominent sediment source, which far exceeds the prior recommendation of 1‰ mean separation of sources.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling the Soil Evaporation Loss in Secondary Forests of the Subtropical Monsoon Region, Central South China","authors":"Yong Zhang,&nbsp;Xinping Zhang,&nbsp;Xiong Xiao,&nbsp;Junjie Dai,&nbsp;Wanjing Jiang,&nbsp;Zhen Du,&nbsp;Xuhong Zhan,&nbsp;Lu Liu","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Under more frequent, extreme global drought events, the use of stable isotopes to quantify soil evaporation losses (SEL) is of great significance for understanding the water supply capacity from soil to plants. During March 2017–September 2019, we continuously monitored meteorological factors, soil temperature (ST) and humidity, and collected precipitation and soil water stable isotope data. The Craig-Gordon (C-G) and line-conditioned excess (lc-excess) coupled with the Rayleigh fractionation (RL) models were used to quantify SEL in subtropical secondary forests. The results showed: (1) the theoretical evaporation line (EL) slope negatively correlated with air temperature (AT). Water source isotopic values are more positive in autumn and more negative in spring. The aridity index (AI) and soil evaporation loss ratio (<i>f</i>) from both models indicated drier conditions during March–September 2018 compared to 2017 and 2019; (2) comparative analysis showed the C-G model agreed more closely with measured evapotranspiration (ET₀) and water surface evaporation (<i>E</i>) than the RL model, indicating better suitability of the C-G model in the study region; (3) because the “inverse temperature effect” of the precipitation isotopes, the linear fitting method was not suitable for determining the water source in spring, summer, autumn, and on the annual scale, while the linear fitting method was consistent with the basic principle of soil evaporation in winter. Thus, the theoretical method was more suitable for determining the EL slope in such regions; (4) because of the different fundamentals, the C-G model positively correlated with AT and negatively correlated with relative humidity (<i>h</i>), while the RL model showed the opposite trends, indicating different applicability. The SEL is influenced by soil thickness, atmospheric evaporation and soil water supply capacity. These findings support stable isotope application techniques for quantifying SEL and are crucial for analysis of soil water resources in subtropical secondary forests.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stemflow Measurement on Large Leaning Quercus serrata Trees: Examination of Stem Lean Effect on Stemflow","authors":"Takanori Sato,&nbsp;Khotaro Ohosawa,&nbsp;Kazunari Ebata,&nbsp;Yoshitaka Matsumoto","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Stemflow measurements were performed on seven <i>Quercus serrata</i> and canopy structure metrics were obtained to identify factors that affect stemflow. Among the seven stems, two exhibited a large stem lean (&gt; 20°). Although a linear relationship between rainfall and stemflow was shown in all trees, stemflow volume on the highly leaning stems (Nos. 6 and 7) was clearly smaller than those on the others. To extract canopy structure metrics effective on stemflow, GLM analysis was conducted. The objective variable was the slope of the regression line <i>a</i> between rainfall and stemflow. Canopy structure metrics as explanatory variables were the diameter at breast height DBH, tree height <i>H</i>, canopy projection area CPA, stem lean parameters <i>L</i> and <i>L</i>_<i>d</i>, and stem length (SL). <i>L</i> is stem lean from the base to the top and <i>L</i>_<i>d</i> is stem lean at breast height. GLMs were constructed using all combinations of explanatory variables. GLMs that included at least one explanatory variable for which a statistically significant had been shown were selected. First, GLMs constructed using DBH, <i>L</i>, and <i>L</i>_<i>d</i> were selected. The relationship between DBH and <i>a</i> was positive, but the <i>R</i>² value using all data (<i>R</i>² = 0.39) was smaller than upon excluding stem Nos. 6 and 7 (<i>R</i>² = 0.85). This indicated the need to consider DBH and stem lean simultaneously. Second, a GLM constructed only using <i>H</i> was selected. <i>R</i>² values of DBH with <i>H</i> and <i>SL</i> were 0.57 and 0.72, respectively. According to the definition of <i>H</i>, the more the stem leans, the lower <i>H</i> is measured, at the same value of <i>SL</i>. Thus, <i>H</i> was a parameter that includes the effect of stem lean. Our results indicated that it is necessary to consider stem lean when evaluating the process of canopy interception in deciduous broadleaf forests.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Hillside Grass Distribution Patterns on Soil Erosion and the Particle Size Distribution of Sediments Under Different Rainfall Intensities","authors":"Tianyao Zhang,&nbsp;Youdong Cen,&nbsp;Kaixi Zhou,&nbsp;Lu Zhong,&nbsp;Yerong Zhou,&nbsp;Guangwen Ma","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The distribution patterns of grass cover on arid and semi-arid slopes significantly influence runoff and erosion processes. However, the mechanisms by which these patterns affect hydrological and erosion processes, and the subsequent selective transport of sediment particles, remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, this study conducted rainfall experiments of varying intensities (60, 90 and 120 mm h⁻¹) across different grass distribution patterns—random (RP), checkerboard (CP), vertical strips (VP), step strips (SP), banded (BP) and bare slope (BS)—to investigate their effects on runoff, erosion and sediment particle size distribution (PSD). The results show that the BP pattern was most effective in reducing runoff and erosion rates, with reductions of 47.6%–76.5% and 75.4%–84.9%, respectively, compared to BS; SP follows, whereas VP demonstrates the least effectiveness. No significant differences were observed in runoff and erosion rates between the RP and CP treatments. Regarding sediment PSD, the sediments from BS, RP, CP and VP plots predominantly consist of clay and fine silt, accounting for 53.1%–62.8%, whereas sediments from the SP and BP plots are primarily composed of coarse silt (66.9%) and sand (79.2%), respectively. The enrichment of sediment particle size was influenced by the grass distribution patterns. At 60 mm h⁻¹ rainfall, clay and fine silt from BS plots are preferentially enriched as aggregates, while sandy particles are enriched in VP, SP and BP plots; the sediment distributions in RP and CP plots closely resemble that of the original soil. These findings elucidate the impacts of different grass distribution patterns on sediment PSD and provide insights for the development of grass-planting strategies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}