Hydrological Processes最新文献

{"title":"Seasonal and Inter-Annual Dynamics in Water Quality and Stream Metabolism in a Beaver-Impacted Drought-Sensitive Lowland Catchment","authors":"Famin Wang,&nbsp;Doerthe Tetzlaff,&nbsp;Christian Birkel,&nbsp;Jonas Freymueller,&nbsp;Songjun Wu,&nbsp;Sylvia Jordan,&nbsp;Chris Soulsby","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Increasing drought frequency and severity from climate change are causing streamflow to become increasingly intermittent in many areas. This has implications for the spatio-temporal characteristics of water quality regimes which need to be understood in terms of risks to the provision of clean water for public supplies and instream habitats. Recent advances in sensor technology allow reliable and accurate high-resolution monitoring of a growing number of water quality parameters. Here, we continuously monitored a suite of water quality parameters over 3 years in an intermittent stream network in the eutrophic, lowland Demnitzer Millcreek catchment, Germany. We focused on the effects of wetland systems impacted by beaver dams on the diurnal, seasonal and inter-annual variation in water quality dynamics at two sites, upstream and downstream of these wetlands. We then used the data to model stream metabolism. Dissolved oxygen and pH were higher upstream of the wetlands, while conductivity, turbidity, chlorophyll <i>a</i> and phosphorous concentrations were higher downstream. We found clear diurnal cycling of dissolved oxygen and pH at both sites. These dynamics were correlated with seasonal hydroclimatic changes and stream metabolism, becoming increasingly pronounced as temperatures increased and flows decreased in spring and summer. Upstream of the wetlands this corresponded to the stream rapidly becoming increasingly heterotrophic as modelled Gross Primary Production (GPP) was exceeded by Ecosystem Respiration (ER). Downstream, where GPP was lower, the stream was usually strongly heterotrophic and prone to increasingly hypoxic conditions (i.e., insufficient oxygen) before streamflow ceased in summer. This coincided with lower velocities and deeper channels in beaver impacted areas. Seasonal and inter-annual variations in water quality were found to mainly correlate with hydroclimatic factors (particularly temperature) and their influence on streamflow. This study highlights that heterotrophy and hypoxia in lowland rivers in central Europe is an important seasonal feature of intermittent streams where agricultural landscapes continue leaching nutrients. These insights contribute to an evidence base for understanding how climate change will affect the quantity and quality of rural water resources in intermittent lowland streams with wetlands where the presence of beavers requires management responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Importance of a Glacier Complex for Downstream Runoff in the Semiarid Chilean Andes During Dry Years","authors":"Eduardo Yáñez San Francisco,&nbsp;Shelley MacDonell,&nbsp;Gino Casassa","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High mountain catchment systems are inherently complex and include multiple processes that influence runoff generation, making it challenging to assess their current state and project their future solely based on observed data. However, combining observations with hydrological models that can simulate glacio-hydrological processes robustly offers a solution to this issue. This study focused on analysing and characterising the snow, glacier and runoff processes of the Tapado Glacier sub-catchment, an upstream source of the La Laguna reservoir in the semiarid Chilean Andes (30° S) for 2019–2021. For this purpose, a semi-distributed physical model (Cold Regions Hydrological Model [CRHM]) was used to simulate glacio-hydrological processes. The results indicate that sublimation accounted for 66%–89% of snow ablation, limiting the amount of snow available for melting in summer, and making melt from Tapado Glacier the primary component of mid-summer (January) discharge (28%–55%). This was reflected in significant mass loss from the Tapado Glacier ablation zone (−0.5 to −2.1 m w.e.). Sensitivity analyses indicated that precipitation and snow roughness generated the greatest variability in simulations related to snow mass balance process. Uncertainty due to errors in precipitation measurement and extrapolation is inherent in hydrological modelling in most mountain settings, whilst the uncertainty related to snow roughness (evaluated range: 0.0001–0.1 m) is largely due to its direct influence on snow sublimation rates and the challenges associated with measuring this variable. For the glaciated areas, results were sensitive to the selection of ice albedo. Whilst the Tapado sub-catchment includes only 1% of the catchment feeding the La Laguna reservoir (c.a. 27 km downstream), it equates to 6%–26% of monthly inflow into the reservoir over the study period. This indicates the importance of glaciated regions for supporting baseflow during relatively dry periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating and Modelling Soil Detachment Capacity in Rills After Treatment With Biochar From Solid Waste of Olive Oil Mills","authors":"Misagh Parhizkar,&nbsp;Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja,&nbsp;Demetrio Antonio Zema","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although being a viable substrate to reduce soil erosion, the effects of biochar from solid waste of olive oil mills (OMSW biochar) on soil detachment capacity in rills (<i>D</i>_c) has never been explored. Furthermore, no equations have been proposed to predict important parameters (soil erodibility factor, <i>K</i>_r, shear stress, <i>τ</i>, and its critical value, <i>τ</i>_c, for rills) of this hydrological process in treated soils. This study was conducted in agro-forest sites of Northern Iran to evaluate <i>D</i>_c and key properties of soils–organic carbon (OC), aggregate stability (MWD), bulk density (BD) and carbon exchange capacity (CEC)—treated with OMSW biochar in comparison to untreated sites through flume experiments. Moreover, regression models were developed to predict <i>D</i>_c, <i>K</i>_r and <i>τ</i>_c for both treated and untreated soils. Compared with the untreated soil, the application of this biochar noticeably increased OC (+85%), MWD (+51%) and CEC (+101%), and reduced BD (−11%) and <i>D</i>_c (−31%). The correlation analysis revealed significant but not high associations between physical properties on one the hand, and soil detachment capacity in rills, on the other hand. Overall, the soil treatment with OMSW biochar impacted agro-forest soils to a severe extent. Treated soils were discriminated from untreated sites into two distinct groups by the principal component analysis and agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis. The linear equations interpolating <i>D</i>_c and <i>τ</i> estimated <i>K</i>_r, and <i>τ</i>_c with accuracy in treated and untreated soils (<i>r</i>² &gt; 0.74, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The best prediction capacity of <i>D</i>_c was given by power equations applied to the stream power (<i>r</i>² &gt; 0.78, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The multiple regression equation developed to estimate <i>D</i>_c from the water flow rate and soil slope was also very accurate (<i>r</i>² &gt; 0.95 and NSE, coefficient of Nash and Sutcliffe, &gt; 0.89). These results help land managers and hydrologists to control and predict rill detachment in long and steep hillslopes against the risk of soil erosion.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating UAV and Multisource Satellite Remote Sensing to Estimate Long-Term River Discharge in High-Mountain Basins","authors":"Pengfei Gu,&nbsp;Aimin Liao,&nbsp;Yongxiang Wu,&nbsp;Yi Xu,&nbsp;Wei Wu,&nbsp;Gaoxu Wang,&nbsp;Hongwei Liu,&nbsp;Pengcheng Hu,&nbsp;Xuan Zhang","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In high-mountain basins with complex underlying surface, harsh climate and difficult transportation, the conventional monitoring methods are less applicable, and it is also difficult to construct, operate and maintain ground observation stations. This has led to an extreme lack of ground hydrological data, which has restricted the understanding of hydrological processes in alpine basins. This study presents an integrated method for estimating long time-series discharge using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and satellite remote sensing (Satellite-RS). The method can integrate the refined observation capabilities of UAVs with the long time-series observation capabilities of Satellite-RS, and the discharge is estimated entirely by UAVs and Satellite-RS information without relying on ground-based measured discharge data. To test this method, six reaches within the main stream and tributaries of the Yarlung Zangbo River (YZR) were selected. The results indicate that the mean relative error (MRE) of UAV-measured river discharge is consistently below 20%, however, larger errors occur for rivers with low water levels and narrow river widths. To address the limitations of the UAV-based measurement method in capturing discharge variations over time, a discharge estimation formula was devised using the remotely sensed river width as an input variable. At-a-section river widths were derived from high-resolution satellite images (i.e., Landsat-8, Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and GF-2). By integrating the highly precise observations obtained from UAVs with the long time-series river widths obtained from multisource Satellite-RS, long time-series discharge data were estimated at several typical cross-sections along the YZR. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency values for the discharge estimates ranged from 0.72 to 0.92 during the study period (2014–2020). The results can provide data in support of the study of the YZR discharge composition analysis and other scientific issues, and also offer a theoretical and methodological basis for discharge observations in other high-mountain basins around the world.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Perceptual Model of Drivers and Limiters of Coastal Groundwater Dynamics","authors":"Daniel V. Kretschmer,&nbsp;Holly A. Michael,&nbsp;Nils Moosdorf,&nbsp;Gualbert H. P. Oude Essink,&nbsp;Marc F. P. Bierkens,&nbsp;Thorsten Wagener,&nbsp;Robert Reinecke","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coastal groundwater is a vital resource for coastal communities around the globe, and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) delivers nutrients to coastal marine ecosystems. Climatic changes and anthropogenic actions alter coastal hydrology, causing seawater intrusion (SWI) globally. However, the selection of SWI and SGD study sites may be highly biased, limiting our process knowledge. Here, we analyse hydroenvironmental characteristics of coastal basins studied in 1298 publications on SGD and SWI to understand these potential biases. We find that studies are biased towards basins with gross domestic product per capita below (SWI) and above (SGD) the median of all global coastal basins. Urban coastal basins are strongly overrepresented compared to rural coastal basins, limiting our progress in understanding undisturbed natural processes. Despite the connection between anthropogenic activity and coastal groundwater issues, and the consequential overrepresentation of urban basins in coastal groundwater studies, perceptual (or conceptual) models of coastal groundwater rarely include anthropogenic influences aside from pumping (e.g., subsidence, land use change). Taking a holistic view on coastal groundwater flows, we have developed an editable perceptual model illustrating the current understanding, including both natural and anthropogenic drivers. As SGD and SWI in new areas of the globe are studied, we advocate for researchers to utilise and further edit this perceptual model to openly communicate our process understanding and study assumptions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Montane Seasonal and Elevational Precipitation Gradients in the Southern Rockies of Alberta, Canada","authors":"Celeste Barnes,&nbsp;Ryan J. MacDonald,&nbsp;Chris Hopkinson","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Modelling precipitation inputs in mountainous terrain is challenging for water resource managers given sparse monitoring sites and complex physical hydroclimatic processes. Government of Alberta weather station uncorrected and bias-corrected precipitation datasets were used to examine elevational precipitation gradients (EPGs) and seasonality of EPGs for six South-Saskatchewan River headwater sites (alpine, sub-alpine, valley). January EPG from valley to alpine sites (730 m elevation difference) using uncorrected precipitation was 19 mm/100 m. Corrected EPG was approximately three times greater (61 mm/100 m). The valley received more precipitation than the alpine (inverse EPG) in late spring and summer. A seasonal signal was present whereby all sites demonstrated 50%–70% lower summertime precipitation relative to winter months, with the greatest seasonal variance at the alpine site. Winter watershed-level spatialized precipitation volume was compared to modelled snow water equivalent (SWE) associated with two late-winter airborne lidar surveys. Uncorrected volumes (2020: 64.0 × 10⁶m³, 2021: 63.2 × 10⁶m³) were slightly higher than modelled mean SWE (2020: 51.6 × 10⁶m³, 2021: 44.2 × 10⁶m³) whereas bias-corrected (2020: 120.5 × 10⁶m³, 2021: 119.7 × 10⁶m³) almost doubled the estimate. Corrected precipitation is assumed closer to the true value. Cumulative sublimation, evaporation and snowmelt losses result in ground-level snowpack yield that deviates from total atmospheric precipitation in an increasingly negative manner. The 2020/2021 simulations suggest wintertime atmospheric precipitation exceeds late-winter snowpack accumulation by up to 57% and 63%, respectively. A loss of 16 × 10⁶m³ (7%) watershed SWE from the alpine zone was partially attributed to redistribution downslope to the treeline-ecotone. Physical snowpack losses from sublimation and melt, or modelling uncertainty due to precipitation correction and alpine snow-density uncertainties can also contribute to observed discrepancies between in situ SWE and cumulative precipitation. Ignoring bias-correction in headwater precipitation estimates can greatly impact headwater precipitation volume estimates and ignoring EPG seasonality is likely to result in under-estimated winter and over-estimated summer yields.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical and Lateral Variability of Suspended Sediment Transport in the Rhine River","authors":"Aron Slabon,&nbsp;Simon Terweh,&nbsp;Thomas O. Hoffmann","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Suspended sediment is one of the major contributors to the total sediment load transported by rivers. Suspended sediment transport is highly variable both in time and space, driven by complex interactions between tectonics, climate change, and anthropogenic activity. Large waterways often underlie strong anthropogenic impact, for example, to ensure navigability and pursue economic objectives. However, stability and ecological integrity of the river system are equally important. For both, economic and ecologic objectives, processes related to the transport, deposition, and resuspension of fine sediment must be understood and quantified. Starting in the 1960s the Waterways and Shipping Administration (WSV) and the Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) started an extensive monitoring program to quantify suspended sediment transport in German navigable waterways. To cope with the large spatiotemporal variability of suspended sediment transport the WSV combined work-daily single point measurements and infrequent multi-point measurements. The aim of our study is to quantify the vertical and lateral variability of suspended sediment transport along the largest waterway in Germany, the Rhine River, and investigate drivers of cross-sectional variability. We link results from multi-point measurements with single-point measurements to assess the representativity of surface samples compared to cross-sectional means of suspended sediment concentration. The comparison of these two monitoring programs reveals that surface samples strongly underestimate suspended sediment loads. Main drivers that could be quantified are vertical gradients of suspended sediment concentration by means of Rouse profiles and lateral variability which is partially explained by mean channel curvature and related to the underestimation of suspended sediment transport relying on surface samples. Further, we observe that the magnitude of lateral variability is comparable to vertical variability, but often neglected in suspended sediment monitoring. Our study contributes to the refinement of existing monitoring schemes and shows how empirical data verifies and falsifies transport dynamics and processes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Snowmelt Infiltration and Runoff From Seasonally Frozen Hillslopes in a High Mountain Basin","authors":"Terava Groff,&nbsp;John W. Pomeroy","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There is relatively little research on infiltration into seasonally frozen soils on mountain hillslopes and few evaluations of infiltration model performance in this environment exist. As a result, the application of existing infiltration estimation methods developed in level environments is uncertain for estimating spring runoff in mountain basins. A field study was conducted in the Canadian Rockies using 8 years of snowpack, liquid soil moisture, and temperature profile observations from steep north-facing and south-facing slopes. Seasonal infiltration was calculated using soil freezing characteristic curves, timeseries of soil volumetric water content and temperature. Infiltration was found to primarily follow the limited case postulated by Popov (1972), with only 1 year at one site undergoing unlimited infiltration where nearly all meltwater infiltrated. Infiltration was estimated using an equation for the limited case developed from extensive observations of seasonal infiltration, initial soil saturation, and peak SWE in Canadian prairie agricultural fields. Whilst this equation accurately estimated infiltration depths on these mountain hillslope sites, it was unsuitable for application due to a statistical association between its driving variables. Initial soil saturation had no influence on infiltration depths at these sites and so a simpler single-variable infiltration equation to estimate infiltration depths based on peak SWE was developed and found to have good predictive capability. Alternative approaches using modelled cumulative melt or infiltration opportunity time also had good predictability. Runoff depths estimated from a water balance, assuming negligible evaporation and sub-surface drainage, were reliably predicted using peak SWE or cumulative melt depths by single-variable infiltration equations in the absence of soil moisture, texture, aspect, or slope information. The results provide insights into estimating snowmelt runoff on hillslopes from snowpack accumulation that has been observed in cold region mountains, despite the complexity of hillslope hydrology and frozen soil infiltration processes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced River Connectivity Assessment Across Larger Areas Through Deep Learning With Dam Detection","authors":"Xiao Zhang,&nbsp;Qi Liu,&nbsp;Dongwei Gui,&nbsp;Jianping Zhao,&nbsp;Yu Chen,&nbsp;Yunfei Liu,&nbsp;Jaime Martínez-Valderrama","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Monitoring river connectivity across large regions is essential for understanding hydrological processes and environmental management. However, comprehensive assessments of river connectivity are often hindered by inaccurate dam databases, which are biased towards larger dams while overlooking smaller or low-head dams. To enhance the accuracy of river connectivity assessments, we developed three advanced convolutional neural networks (CNNs; YOLOv5, Advance-You Only Look Once [YOLO], and Faster R-CNN) to accurately classify dams and evaluate river connectivity using high-resolution (1 m) remote sensing imagery. The evaluation results showed that Advance-YOLO performs best with an average mean average precision (mAP) of 86.6%, while Faster R-CNN performs mediocrely with an average mAP of 77.9%. Applying the well-trained model in the Tarim River Basin (China), one of the largest inland river basins around the globe, we found that there are currently 135 dams in total on the Tarim River and its sources. Conversely, the existing public dam database underestimates 85.9% of the dams. Notably, we found a 14.3% decline in river connectivity of the Tarim River over the past decade, and the current dam density of the Tarim River and its four source rivers is 1.12 per 10 000 km². However, the existing public dam database overestimated river connectivity by 83.9%. The model developed here enhances river connectivity assessment across larger areas over a long period, thereby fostering more advanced research on hydrological processes and effective water resource management.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Hydrological Dynamics in Andean Basins: An Isotope-Based Study in Arid North-Central Chile","authors":"Ricardo Oyarzún,&nbsp;Denisse Duhalde,&nbsp;José Luis Arumí,&nbsp;Jan Boll,&nbsp;Shelley MacDonell","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70066","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mountain ranges cover approximately 24% of the Earth’s land mass. These environments have a special relevance in terms of global water supply. However, historically mountain groundwater processes have been generally overlooked or poorly understood, especially in the Andes cordillera. With this in mind, this work aimed to study hydrological processes in four Andean, semi-arid headwater river basins. Along with monthly stable isotope data collection, we carried out a synoptic surface water sampling programme in each river on four specific dates for ³H analysis. The latter indicated water of similar age in the rivers of three sub-basins (Derecho, Cochiguaz, Incaguaz), but much older in the fourth (Toro). We assessed different possible explanations for these differences such as effects of past mining activities (El Indio mine), physiographic factors and snow accumulation and glacier related factors, but none of these were satisfactory. Instead, our findings point to the activation of faults in response to seismic activity, which induces pumping of fluids (water) from deeper zones, facilitating exfiltration processes in the Toro River sub-basin. This explains the presence of surface waters older than those associated with current meteoric processes. Such geological process should be assessed and eventually accounted for when studying mountain hydrogeological processes, especially in high fractured areas with direct or indirect evidence of geothermal activity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143117797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}