Hydrological Processes最新文献

{"title":"Human-Induced Hydrological Droughts in Central Vietnam: A Study for River-Segment Analysis","authors":"Binh Quang Nguyen,&nbsp;Sameh A. Kantoush,&nbsp;Thanh-Nhan-Duc Tran,&nbsp;Tetsuya Sumi","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70206","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The number of drought studies is increasing due to rising concerns about risk-informed agriculture and water resource management. However, while most of this information is derived from meteorological variables, the literature on human-induced drought for river segments is limited, especially in the tropical monsoon region. In this study, we quantify human-caused hydrological droughts in segments of the Vu Gia Thu Bon (VGTB) River basin in Central Vietnam. Our objective is to gain a deeper understanding of how human activities have altered the frequency, severity and duration of hydrological droughts between 1980 and 2020 and their impacts on freshwater supply and ecosystem sustainability. Specifically, we use the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to obtain hydrological outputs, along with the Standardised Runoff Index (SRI), Probability Density Function (PDF) and Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) for dry conditions analysis. Based on the examination of drought patterns over the Vu Gia and Thu Bon rivers using the proposed river-segment analysis and reconstructed streamflow, we found a contrast in drought conditions between the Vu Gia (+28.9%) and Thu Bon (−26.4%) rivers. The Vu Gia River experienced more dry conditions and drought events from 2011 to 2020 compared to the Thu Bon River. In contrast, the Thu Bon River experienced more moderate to extremely wet conditions during the same period. In addition, drought has caused saltwater intrusion to increase in intensity and duration, resulting in an 11.8% reduction in rice paddies' area from 2010 to 2020. This study highlights our approach to measuring temporal and spatial changes over river segments, providing deeper insights into water transfers and their changes across river tributaries, linking with saltwater intrusion and land use and land cover (LULC) changes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144666267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater-Pond Interactions on a Remote Sand Island Driven by Oceanic and Meteorologic Processes","authors":"Sarah E. Hall,&nbsp;Julia A. Cantelon,&nbsp;Scott J. Ketcheson,&nbsp;Barret L. Kurylyk","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70215","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Islands are hotspots of cultural and biological diversity; however, small-island populations and ecosystems face freshwater insecurity. Fresh <i>surface water</i> bodies on small islands are particularly limited in size and number and are less well studied than underlying freshwater lenses. Small islands with permeable geology often have a hydraulic connection among the ocean, groundwater system, and fresh surface water bodies, but these subsurface hydraulic linkages are poorly understood. Utilising in situ hydrologic and thermal monitoring and remote sensing, this study investigated how meteorologic (precipitation and evapotranspiration) and oceanic (waves, storm surge, and flooding) forcing drive pond level dynamics and groundwater–surface water interactions on a remote sand island (Sable Island) in the Northwest Atlantic. Stilling wells, piezometers, and sediment temperature rods were installed in five ponds from July 2020 to September 2021 and were collectively used to create area-depth relationships, infer pond bed hydraulic conductivity, and calculate vertical groundwater fluxes. PlanetScope satellite images during this period were classified to quantify pond surface areas and provide a link to in situ monitoring to assess changes following meteorologic and oceanic events. Meteorological and coastal hydrodynamic data were used to determine drivers controlling pond levels and groundwater–surface water exchange rates. Findings reveal that pond levels and vertical exchange fluxes are influenced by tides, precipitation, waves, and beach flooding, but have the highest correlation to oceanic forcing (high significant wave heights) that drive beach flooding and groundwater level changes. Remote sensing paired with pond level–area relationships proved effective for monitoring surface water dynamics in this remote area. Results expand our understanding of small-island hydrology and hydraulics and emphasise that surface water, groundwater, and the ocean are not separate but exist along a coupled hydrologic continuum. In a period of rapid environmental change, understanding fresh surface water dynamics on small islands is crucial to protecting vulnerable ecosystems from freshwater scarcity.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144666447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Vegetation Restoration on Hillslope Hydrological Processes Under Climate Change in the Taihang Mountains, China","authors":"Bo Guo,&nbsp;Hui Yang,&nbsp;Chunyu Zhu,&nbsp;Jiansheng Cao,&nbsp;Yanjun Shen","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70213","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Taihang Mountains serve as an ecological barrier and headwater, playing a critical role in maintaining ecological balance and water security for the North China Plain. In recent decades, this region has experienced significant vegetation greening, accompanied by a decline in water resources. Hillslopes are the fundamental units for understanding how vegetation restoration influences local hydrological processes. However, the hydrological impacts of vegetation restoration at the hillslope scale remain poorly quantified. Based on observational experiments and the Brook90 eco-hydrological model, we simulated hillslope hydrological processes from 1991 to 2023, quantifying the effects of vegetation restoration on eco-hydrological processes in mountainous areas. The results indicated that (1) from 1991 to 2023, the average evapotranspiration, transpiration, and interception loss at the observation site were 441.1, 321.6, and 58.3 mm, respectively. Evapotranspiration, transpiration, and interception loss showed increasing trends, with cumulative increases of 112.0, 107.7, and 17.5 mm, respectively, while soil evaporation decreased by a cumulative total of −12.3 mm. (2) Vegetation restoration contributed to the increasing trends in evapotranspiration, transpiration, and interception loss, with cumulative contributions of 16.5, 36.4, and 21.9 mm, respectively. (3) Vegetation restoration increased evapotranspiration, driven mainly by transpiration and interception loss, while reducing soil water storage and runoff, highlighting its significant impact on water availability. Long-term quantitative observations of hillslope hydrological processes help to understand the decline in water yield due to vegetation recovery in mountainous areas. These findings offer crucial guidance for improving water conservation strategies and selecting afforestation species.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and Temporal Variability in Event Water in Near-Surface Flow Pathways in a Humid Steep Headwater Catchment","authors":"Anna Leuteritz,&nbsp;Victor Aloyse Gauthier,&nbsp;Ilja van Meerveld","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70186","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In steep humid catchments with low permeability soils, lateral flow at, or near, the soil surface is an important runoff generation mechanism. However, so far, few studies have investigated near-surface runoff for vegetated hillslopes in temperate climates. To better understand the relative importance of rainfall (event water) to near-surface flow in pre-Alpine headwater catchments underlain by gleysols, we installed 14 small (1 m wide) runoff plots across the Studibach catchment and collected samples of overland flow and lateral subsurface flow in the topsoil (i.e., topsoil interflow), soil water, groundwater and rainwater during the snow-free seasons of 2021 and 2022. The samples were analysed for the stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen and used in a mixing model to infer the importance of soil water (i.e., pre-event water) and rainfall (i.e., event water) for overland flow and topsoil interflow. The spatial and temporal variability of the event water fractions was high. Event water was the dominant source (&gt; 50%) for nearly half of the overland flow samples and almost 40% of all topsoil interflow samples. The best predictors for the event water fractions in overland flow and topsoil interflow were, according to a random forest model, the duration of the rainfall event, the rainfall intensity, and the antecedent wetness conditions. The event water fractions were not clearly related to site characteristics. These findings show that overland flow and topsoil interflow consist of a mixture of rainwater and soil water and that the relative contribution of rainwater depends on the complex interplay between antecedent soil moisture conditions, rainfall event characteristics and site characteristics. These results have large implications for the interpretation of the event water fractions in streamflow and related inferences about the dominant runoff generation mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70186","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaling Up Bark Hydrology: Tree Size and Functional Traits Shape Water Storage in a Tropical Cloud Forest","authors":"Kelly Cristina Tonello,&nbsp;Juliano Carvalho de Oliveira,&nbsp;Roberto Starzynski,&nbsp;Sergio Dias Campos","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70211","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bark has long been overlooked as a component of forest water cycling, particularly in fog-dependent tropical montane cloud forests (TMCFs). Here, we quantified the water absorption capacity of bark in 17 tree species from a Brazilian TMCF and evaluated how functional traits and tree size influence bark water uptake (BWU) at the whole-tree scale. Bark samples were saturated in the lab, and field data were used to estimate water uptake per tree. While BD and BWSC showed limited interspecific variation, BWU varied greatly, mainly due to bark volume (Vb). A multiple regression model explained 89.5% of the variation in BWU. Sensitivity and bootstrapping analyses confirmed that, although Vb was the dominant predictor, functional bark traits (BD and BWSC) also contributed significantly to water uptake. These findings highlight that BWU is shaped by both structural and functional traits, underscoring a dual control on bark hydrology. Critically endangered (<i>Araucaria angustifolia</i>) and ecologically dominant (<i>Senna multijuga</i>) species exhibited the highest water storage per tree. Although the absolute values represent the potential maxima under laboratory conditions, the comparative data provide insights into species-level contributions to forest water dynamics. Notably, bark water uptake may help maintain moisture availability during dry spells or fog-free intervals, particularly in ecosystems where rainfall is intermittent and canopy-dwelling organisms depend on sustained humidity. Our results suggest that bark traits should be more explicitly considered in hydrological models and conservation planning for TMCFs under changing climate regimes.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing Flood Patterns in the Yangtze River: Roles of Climate, Dam Regulation, and Urbanization in Altering Hydrological Processes","authors":"Yang Xiao,&nbsp;Ran Gu,&nbsp;Chen Xu,&nbsp;Taotao Zhang,&nbsp;Zixuan Wang,&nbsp;Yao Yao,&nbsp;Jiaming Liu","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70201","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLYR), China's most flood-prone region, have experienced significant changes in flood regimes under climate change and intensive human activities. To elucidate the hydrological processes driving these changes, this study combined a random forest model with the Mann–Kendall test to analyse flood characteristics and influential factors. Results reveal: (1) Abrupt flood stage declines post-2003 (Three Gorges Dam operation) followed by increases post-2016, primarily due to urbanisation amplifying runoff and accelerating drainage discharge into river channels; (2) concentration of flood peaks in July, driven by reservoir-induced baseflow elevation synchronising with intensified monsoon rainfall; (3) Spatial heterogeneity in flood severity, where middle reaches face high-magnitude floods from flow convergence, while lower reaches experience frequent inundation due to tidal-urban interactions. Mechanistically, we demonstrate how dam operations redistribute flood risk (e.g., prolonging high stages in Dongting Lake) and urbanisation reconfigures flood pathways, converting pluvial to fluvial flooding. These findings underscore non-stationary flood dynamics in regulated basins globally, necessitating adaptive strategies integrating real-time morphodynamic feedbacks and nature-based urban water retention. This study advances hydrological understanding of how human infrastructure and climate interact to reshape flood processes in large river systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing Vegetation Resilience and Recovery Pathways to Drought Through Time Series Decomposition","authors":"Syed Bakhtawar Bilal,&nbsp;Vivek Gupta","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70208","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>India's vegetation dynamics are highly sensitive to water stress, with meteorological droughts posing significant risks to ecosystems and agriculture. Understanding the interaction between drought and vegetation health remains a critical challenge. Existing methods for analysing vegetation trends often fail to accurately capture abrupt changes in vegetation health and their relation with drought periods, limiting our understanding of how vegetation responds to water stress. This study introduces an integrated approach that combines the Breaks For Additive Season and Trend (BFAST) methodology with drought metrics to examine vegetation responses across various land cover types in India. Compared to other conventional methods for detecting trends and breakpoints in a time series, BFAST does not assume a rigid trend or seasonal trajectory. This flexibility allows it to identify abrupt breaks in vegetation health, which are often overlooked in traditional analyses. The identified breaks, trends, and seasonal patterns are then examined to determine the timing, magnitude, and frequency of changes in NDVI, correlating them with drought responses identified using the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI). Findings indicate that arid and semi-arid regions in India experience the highest overlap between drought occurrences and negative NDVI transition points, periods where vegetation health shows a significant decline; therefore, highlighting a heightened vulnerability to water stress. Conversely, agriculturally intensive regions like the Indo-Gangetic Plain demonstrate greater resilience. Seasonal analysis suggests that vegetation health is closely tied to monsoon variability, with most breaks occurring during peak monsoon months. Additionally, analysis of the post-drought period revealed that the vegetation response is highly sensitive to precipitation deficits during the recovery period following a drought.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144635248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Centennial Scale Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Meteorological Drought in the State of Himachal Pradesh Using Standardised Precipitation Index and Copula-Based Return Period","authors":"Madhu Mehta,&nbsp;Sunil Mittal,&nbsp;Umakant Chaudhari,&nbsp;Disha Kumari,&nbsp;Pritam Chand","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70188","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The heavy reliance on agriculture, horticulture and forests in Himachal Pradesh underscores the need to understand the dynamics of dry conditions and meteorological droughts in the region. Meteorological droughts, marked by prolonged low precipitation, are especially critical in mountainous regions like Himachal Pradesh, affecting soil moisture, runoff and water availability, often leading to other drought types. Despite existing precipitation trend analyses, the region remains underexplored in terms of the frequency, duration, severity, return period and elevation-dependent variation of dry conditions and meteorological droughts. The present study fills these gaps by utilising the widely used gridded (0.25° × 0.25°) India Meteorological Department (IMD) rainfall data to understand centennial-scale drought spatial characteristics across the varying altitude region of Himachal Pradesh. The Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) is utilised to identify drought events, while ‘Run Theory’ is applied to analyse their characteristics across various time scales. Droughts were categorised as moderate, very dry and extreme based on SPI values, and their duration, severity and frequency were subsequently calculated for each category. The average drought duration in the state at the SPI-12 time scale was 6.5 months, and Kangra, Chamba, Lahaul and Spiti at the same time scale have witnessed more prolonged droughts at this time scale. Comparatively, more severe droughts have occurred in parts of Kangra, Chamba, Mandi, Kullu and Sirmaur districts (SPI-12), and the average severity at the same time scale was found to be 4.02. The influence of topography on drought frequency and future drought risk was also evaluated. Results revealed that the number of droughts decreased as we moved from a time scale of 1–48 months, but the maximum and average duration kept on increasing. The correlation coefficient (ρ) of moderate and extreme drought frequency with elevation at SPI-12 was estimated to be 0.11 and −0.33, respectively. The correlation analysis revealed that lower elevations experience more frequent extreme droughts as compared to higher elevations, whereas higher elevations experience more frequent moderate droughts. Similarly, elevation-dependent variation was observed for maximum drought duration, average drought duration and maximum drought severity, showing a negative correlation with elevation. However, the average duration of droughts showed an inconsistent correlation with elevation, displaying positive correlations at certain scales and negative ones at others (<i>ρ</i> = −0.15, 0.18, 0.26, −0.02, 0.05 and −0.09 for SPI-1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48, respectively). While drought characterisation has been studied, there is a significant lack of research on future predictions of meteorological drought in the study area. The study extends beyond regional drought characterisation by addressing a gap in predicting future meteorological dr","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing the River Network Structure and Pollutant Distribution Patterns in a Braided River Using Graph Theory and Numerical Simulation","authors":"Yuliang Yuan,&nbsp;Shuang Ren,&nbsp;Hang Wan,&nbsp;Ran Li,&nbsp;Jingjie Feng,&nbsp;Yanpeng Cai","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70202","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Braided rivers, a distinctive landform typically found in the upper reaches and alluvial fans of river systems, are characterised by fragmented riverbeds and complex flow structures. With the continuous increase in urban pollution, water quality in braided rivers has progressively deteriorated. Due to their intricate flow dynamics and geomorphological complexity, understanding pollutant transport in braided rivers requires a comprehensive analysis of hydrodynamic behaviour, hydrogeomorphic features, and their combined influence on pollutant distribution. In this study, a depth–averaged two–dimensional hydrodynamic model and a mass transport model were developed to simulate the flow conditions and pollutant dispersion in a braided reach of the Lhasa River. Furthermore, the river network structure of this reach was characterised using a graph–theoretical approach. Pearson correlation analysis was applied to examine the interrelationships among hydrodynamics, water quality, and hydrogeomorphology to explore the links between topological structure and pollutant behaviour. The results revealed a network–like flow structure within the study reach, where large sandbars further fragmented the flow, resulting in pronounced spatial heterogeneity and localised water quality deterioration. As discharge increased, the area of shallow water remained relatively unchanged, suggesting that the additional flow primarily spilled laterally toward both banks. Consequently, the channel's confining capacity decreased, as indicated by an 81.58% reduction in the confinement index, and the braiding index declined by 51.66%. In contrast, lateral connectivity increased by 11.57%, thereby enhancing the lateral mixing of flow. Furthermore, the study found the lateral flow exchange rate and upstream inflow discharge were the main influences on the chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration variation. Based on these findings, a river connectivity enhancement measure was implemented to leverage the river's self–purification capacity to alleviate pollution pressure in the study reach. Notably, the measure resulted in a maximum reduction of 8.36% in COD concentration in the downstream reach under a 90% guaranteed flow during the driest months, as well as a 67.65% decrease in the variation between maximum and average COD concentrations. These findings provide important scientific and technical guidance for the effective management and improvement of water quality in braided river systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing a Hydrological Model to Quantify Groundwater Discharge of Forest Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems","authors":"Tanya M. Doody,&nbsp;Sicong Gao,&nbsp;Zunyi Xie,&nbsp;Anthony P. O'Grady,&nbsp;Richard G. Benyon","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70203","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Worldwide, groundwater dependent ecosystems (GDEs) support rare/endemic species, providing essential habitat and access to water when rivers, wetlands and springs are present. Two decades of research have focused on improving knowledge to describe GDEs and identify their location, providing information to facilitate their protection, especially in areas affected by anthropogenic development of groundwater resources. However, a key knowledge gap persists in understanding water requirements of GDEs, providing challenges to sustainable use of groundwater. More specifically, groundwater management must account for timing of GDE groundwater use (i.e., monthly, seasonally), duration of groundwater reliance, and importantly, volumes of groundwater discharged, particularly by vegetation. Without this knowledge, difficulties remain in setting sustainable volumetric groundwater extraction limits at local, catchment and basin scales. Within, we leverage a unique, extensive on-ground Australian forest groundwater discharge dataset rare to GDE studies, to validate simulated groundwater discharge estimates from the ‘ABCD’ hydrological model, where monthly model outputs over multiple years provide vegetation groundwater discharge data to specifically examine vegetation groundwater requirements. On-ground forest data consist of multi-year, sub-monthly, plot scale data across 18 sites, taking a water balance approach underpinned by sap flow data and including soil moisture monitoring to quantify groundwater extraction across the ~2700 km² forest estate. The ABCD model requires low parameterisation and was further developed by incorporating the Budyko Framework to close the water balance (herein, ‘ABCD-BF model’). Forest groundwater discharge estimates correlated well with on-ground values (<i>r</i> of 0.7 and RMSE of 0.99 mm day⁻¹). Approximately half the sites returned correlations of &gt; 0.8 and low RMSE of 0.46 mm day⁻¹, indicating the ABCD-BF model provides suitable groundwater discharge estimates. Thus, the development and application of the ABCD-BF model provide a pragmatic desktop approach to a significant knowledge gap impeding sustainable groundwater management, thereby enhancing GDE protection. Furthermore, broad-scale application of the model is possible by employing parameters globally available via remote sensing, enabling desktop impact assessments, enhancing GDE management and protection worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}