Hydrological Processes最新文献

{"title":"Assessing Water Requirements of Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems Using a Water Balance Approach and Streamflow Separation","authors":"Lisa B. Gurieff,&nbsp;Lucy P. Reading,&nbsp;Les Dawes","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Groundwater supports approximately one -third of global water consumption. With increasing pressures on this resource from both anthropogenic users and climatic influences, sustainable management of groundwater has become crucial. This article identifies groundwater requirements by Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems (GDEs) as groundwater evapotranspiration and groundwater discharge to surface water features (baseflow). These requirements are investigated using a soil moisture model combined with a water balance approach, baseflow separation techniques and groundwater level monitoring. The results are compared to groundwater evapotranspiration estimates based on diurnal water level fluctuations. For the period 2000 to 2019, the combined GDE requirements, including groundwater evapotranspiration and environmental baseflow requirements, ranged from 130 to 420 mm/year for the highest ecological indicator level within the study area of approximately 20 km². These estimates provide valuable information on the short-term (daily to monthly) to long-term (yearly to multi yearly) responses to climate variations and can be integrated into water stress assessments. These findings can be used to enhance our understanding of the role of GDEs water requirements and contribute to managing GDEs as part of sustainable management of groundwater resources.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Variability of Soil Water δ18O and δ2H Reveals Hydrological Processes in Two Floodplain Soils","authors":"Amanda Ceming-Barbato,&nbsp;Richard F. Keim","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Soil water budgets in floodplains are distinct from uplands because there are more potential sources of water yet remain poorly understood and poorly represented in the empirical literature. Stable isotopes of hydrogen (²H) and oxygen (¹⁸O) in water are useful as tracers of water movement and have improved conceptual understanding of soil hydrological processes. We sampled two adjacent microsites at a ridge-swale sequence in a forested floodplain Louisiana, USA to determine temporal and spatial soil water isotopic variability in soils of similar climate and ecosystem but contrasting textures and hydrological processes. Repeated soil borings indicated that soil water isotopic variability was greater than any source water sampled (range of δ¹⁸O (‰): −11.9 to −0.9, range of δ²H (‰): −44 to 0; <i>n</i> = 783) including throughfall (range of δ¹⁸O (‰): −7.6 to +4.7, range of δ²H (‰): −40 to +11; <i>n</i> = 162), groundwater (range of δ¹⁸O (‰): −6.2 to 0, range of δ²H (‰): −31 to −7; <i>n</i> = 39), ponded water within the swale (range of δ¹⁸O (‰): −6.3 to +0.2, range of δ²H (‰): −33 to −4; <i>n</i> = 16), and free water from boreholes (range of δ¹⁸O (‰): −21 to +5, range of δ²H (‰): −4.5 to +5.8; <i>n</i> = 64). Soil water isotopic variability among samples of the same depth and date was not related to soil texture, organic content, or water content, but was instead likely related to seasonal wet up. Soil water isotopic mixing models indicated soil water recharge regimes varied by microsite: Swale soils were dominated by replacement of event water and ridge soils were dominated by conservative mixing at the profile scale. The isotopic composition of bound water was less variable spatially within structured clay soil than it was in coarser textured soil (average difference in <i>s</i>² 0.241 for δ¹⁸O and 2.6 for δ²H) apparently because the microtopography of the site allowed for greater inundation and more persistent source waters among swale soils.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirical Evidence of Dynamic Hydrogeomorphic Feature Inundation in a Lowland Floodplain","authors":"Molly R. Cain,&nbsp;Jase L. Hixson,&nbsp;C. Nathan Jones,&nbsp;Bruce L. Rhoads,&nbsp;Adam S. Ward","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Floodplains along low-gradient, meandering river systems contain diverse hydrogeomorphic features, ranging from isolated depressions to hydrologically-connected channels. These ephemerally-flooded features inundate prior to river water overtopping all banks, enhancing river-floodplain connectivity during moderately high flow stages. Predicting when and where ecological functions occur in floodplains requires understanding the dynamic hydrologic processes of hydrogeomorphic features, including inundation and exchange. In this study, we examined storm event-scale inundation and exchange dynamics along a lowland, meandering river system in central Illinois (USA). We monitored surface water presence/absence, surface water level, and groundwater level across floodplain hydrogeomorphic feature types (i.e., isolated depression, backwater channel, and flow-through channel). Using these data, we evaluated inundation onset and recession characteristics, drivers of groundwater-surface water interactions, and direction of hydrologic exchange with the river channel. Surface water presence/absence patterns suggested inundation onset timescales were primarily controlled by microtopography and recession timescales were correlated with floodplain elevation. Employing a novel hysteresis approach for characterising groundwater-surface water interactions, we observed distinct patterns indicating differences in water sources across hydrogeomorphic units and event characteristics. Finally, differences in hydraulic head along floodplain channels revealed that channels with multiple inlets/outlets (i.e., flow-through channels) conveyed down-valley flow and channels with single inlets primarily functioned as sinks of river-derived water to the floodplain with short source periods. These results highlight the heterogeneity of hydrologic processes that occur along lowland, meandering river-floodplains, and more specifically, point to the important role hydrogeomorphic features play in controlling dynamic connectivity within the river corridor.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding the Hysteretic Behaviour of Hydraulic Variables in Lowland Rivers Using Multivariate Monitoring Approaches","authors":"Marian Muste,&nbsp;Kyeongdong Kim,&nbsp;Dongsu Kim,&nbsp;Gábor Fleit","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper demonstrates that the multivariate monitoring methods are capable to underpin the systematic investigation of the hysteretic behaviour occurring during gradually-varied flows. For this purpose, we present simultaneous measurements of stage, index velocity and free-surface slope acquired continuously with high-frequency sampling instruments deployed at several river gaging sites exposed to different storm magnitudes. The experimental evidence reveals intrinsic features of unsteady open-channel flow mechanics that are hinted by pertinent governing equations but rarely substantiated with in situ measurements. The illustrations are intentionally made for fluvial waves propagating in lowland rivers where the relationships among flow variables are most likely displaying hysteretic phasing in the progression of the hydraulic variables and loops in their relationships. The presented measurements highlight that: (a) the hysteretic behaviour is apparent in both time-independent and time-dependent graphical representations of any two of the hydraulic variables; (b) the severity of the hysteresis is commensurate with the geomorphic, hydraulic and hydrological characteristics of the measurement site; and (c) there are flow monitoring paradigms that can more accurately track changes of the flow variables during gradually-varied flows than those currently used in practice. Also discussed are research needs for advancing the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the movement and storage of water in the lowland river environments as well as for increasing the accuracy of streamflow monitoring, modelling and forecasting.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143115199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Sanitary Infrastructure on Event Nutrient Dynamics in a Headwater Catchment","authors":"Caroline Spill,&nbsp;Lukas Ditzel,&nbsp;Matthias Gassmann","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Many low-order streams are recipients of effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and combined sewer overflows (CSOs). Not only do these facilities have to meet fewer requirements compared to their bigger counterparts in more densely populated areas, but they also discharge into smaller, more vulnerable streams, with low dilution potential. Although these local point sources can dictate the local water quality and quantity dynamics, they are barely monitored and often not included in catchment-wide analyses. In this case study we measured stream water quantity and quality in a first-order, point source-influenced stream. We have specifically addressed point sources in our monitoring programme, which included the installation of a low-budget probe at the CSO outlet to monitor overflow timing. By clustering hysteresis loops and using Principal Component Analysis, we were able to identify hydro-meteorological drivers and reveal seasonal patterns of discharge and nutrient export dynamics. Mobilisation of nitrate from agricultural sources clearly dominated event dynamics during periods with high soil moisture, while point source dynamics overlaid catchment responses during the rest of the time. Thus, the dilution potential of the stream was found to be a controlling factor for water quality dynamics. Groundwater infiltration into the sewer system probably increased the risk of CSO discharges, especially in winter and spring. In summer, CSO spillages occurred as a result of high-intensity rainfall. These events were related to an increase of turbidity and a mobilisation of particulate phosphorus. With our novel approach, including urban point sources in our monitoring setup, we were able to show the close relationship between sanitary infrastructure in rural areas and stream nutrient dynamics. Including point sources more closely into monitoring and analysis is essential to improve the process understanding.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compartmentalisation and Hydrogeological Parameters of the Karst Aquifer System in Central Region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil","authors":"Matheus Alonso Castelo Pena,&nbsp;Rodrigo Sérgio de Paula,&nbsp;Leila Nunes Menegasse Velasquez,&nbsp;Débora Maria Diniz Barbosa","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Environmental Protection Area of Lagoa Santa Karst (EPA) is a critical karst region in Brazil, renowned for its rich biodiversity and archaeological significance, including discoveries by researchers such as Peter W. Lund and the oldest human skeleton in the Americas, Luzia. However, the region faces threats from rapid socioeconomic and industrial development, stressing its vulnerable aquifer systems. This study updates the hydrogeological conceptual model for the EPA using well log data, map algebra and hydrodynamic parameters obtained through the Agarwal (1980) recovery method . It builds on models by De Paula (<i>Conceptual Model in Pelitic-Carbonate Aquifers in the Lagoa Santa Karst APA Region, MG</i>, 2019) and refined by Dantas et al. (<i>Journal of South American Earth Sciences</i>, 2023, 123, 104219), reassessing the boundaries of various aquifer units. Horizontal compartmentalisation in the karst-fissured aquifer was achieved by combining transmissivity and porosity data, while vertical separation was determined based on water entry density and productivity, identifying four zones of increased karstification. In the fissured aquifer, vertical limits align with those established by Dantas et al. (<i>Journal of South American Earth Sciences</i>, 2023, 123, 104219), confirming the anisotropy and heterogeneity of the karst-fissured and fissured aquifers, and the isotropy and productivity of the alluvial aquifers. These findings provide crucial insights for managing aquifer reserves and mitigating water conflicts in the EPA region.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sediment Load Variation in Typical Watersheds of the North–South Transitional Zone, China","authors":"Ren Geng,&nbsp;Peixuan Zhang,&nbsp;Peng Tian,&nbsp;Guangju Zhao,&nbsp;Yu Shi,&nbsp;Xingmin Mu,&nbsp;Meixiang Xie,&nbsp;Bo Bi","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The north–south transitional zone (NSTZ) is a key geographic and ecological transition zone in China. The runoff and sediment load (SL) of rivers in this zone have changed significantly, directly influencing the ecological restoration and exploitation of water resources in water basins. The previous studies have focused on one water basin; however, few studies have systematically investigated the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of SL and their driving factors in the rivers of the entire zone. Thus, this study attempted to probe the spatiotemporal variation of SL and its contributing factors in the Han River basin (HRB), Jialing River basin (JRB) and the mainstream of the Wei River basin (WRB) in the transitional zone, using observed data from 56 representative hydrological stations in this region from 1961 to 2019. The results indicated that the annual SL decreased significantly during 1961–2019 at each hydrological station (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). The SL of Xianyang, Huangzhuang and Beibei stations during 2010–2019 had decreased more than 83%, compared to that of the 1960s. The annual SL exhibited different abrupt change points, mainly occurred in the late 1960s and around the 1990s. The specific sediment yield (SSY) of the study area was lower in the east and higher in the west. Meanwhile, the SSY displayed a generally declining trend with time. Human activity was the leading contributing factor, accounting for greater than 94% of the total SL reduction. In summary, the SL reduction in the WRB was primarily affected by soil and water conservation practices, whereas it was related to ecological restoration projects and cascade reservoirs in the HRB and JRB. The results of this study are valuable for soil erosion control and comprehensive reclamation of river basins in different regions under complicated conditions worldwide.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Critical Assessment of Geological Weighing Lysimeters: Part 1—Monitoring Field Scale Soil Moisture Storage","authors":"Morgan Braaten,&nbsp;Andrew Ireson","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70042","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Soil moisture plays a critical role in the exchange and partitioning of water and energy fluxes at the land surface. Representative measurements of field scale (10⁴–10⁶ m²) soil moisture are needed to characterise hydrological processes, and to calibrate and constrain hydrology, weather and climate predictions. However, measuring soil moisture proves difficult as it varies spatially, as a function of heterogeneity of the land-surface, and temporally, as a function of dynamic drivers of precipitation, snowmelt, and evapotranspiration. Conventional soil moisture measurement techniques provide point scale (&lt; 1 m²) estimates, while remote sensing applications provide large-scale estimates (&gt; 10⁶ m²). While both spatial scales are useful for certain applications, these methods must be upscaled or downscaled to estimate field-scale soil moisture. Geological weighing lysimeters (GWL) provide a method to measure total water storage at field scale. This instrument utilises the relationship between hydraulic head and mechanical loading to quantify change in water mass on the lands surface. In this study, we examine a GWL's ability to estimate total water storage and to partition soil moisture storage using complementary observations of snow storage and shallow groundwater storage. We found the GWL record provided credible estimates of total water storage dynamics at our site. The GWL derived soil moisture captured the observed seasonal dynamics at the site. We interpreted the differences in GWL and point scale soil moisture as being due to (i) the dielectric probes inability to sense soil ice content in the winter; and (ii) sub-field scale heterogeneity in the fluxes (evapotranspiration and drainage) in the summer and fall. We show that GWL storage estimates are credible, and when combined with supplementary storage observations, they can provide accurate estimates of soil moisture storage and valuable insights into the hydrological processes occurring at the site.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Texture-Based Parameterisation and Hydrological Insights of a Fully Coupled Surface and Subsurface Model at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, USA","authors":"Karim Norouzi-Moghanjoghi,&nbsp;Habibollah Fakhraei,&nbsp;Mahnaz Valipour,&nbsp;Charles T. Driscoll","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parameterisation of fully coupled integrated hydrological models is challenging. The state-of-the-art hydrogeology models rely on solutions of coupled surface and subsurface partial differential equations. Calibration of these models with traditional optimisation methods are not yet viable due to the high computational costs. Prior knowledge of the range of the parameters can be helpful as a starting point, however, due to natural variations, abstractions and conceptualizations used in modelling, a systematic exploration of the variable space is needed. In this study, we utilise the natural clustering of the soils based on their saturated and unsaturated hydraulic behaviour derived from soil texture maps in conjunction with two level Latin hypercube sampling to effectively explore model parameter spaces. Soil texture maps are similar to USDA soil classifications; however, the objective is to classify the soil based on their unsaturated behaviour, rather than soil texture. The method has never been utilised in the modelling and the results show that it can be applied to larger watersheds. The area of study is Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, a northern hardwood forest in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, USA. An average Nash–Sutcliffe value of 0.80 is achieved for hourly discharge for the eight streams in the catchment. The Nash–Sutcliffe measure shows a 7% improvement with the addition of the snow melt and evapotranspiration parameters in the second stage. Exchange flux patterns vary seasonally in the catchment with largest infiltration occurring in spring.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143113515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blue and Green Water Scarcity in the McKenzie Creek Watershed of the Great Lakes Basin","authors":"Tariq A. Deen,&nbsp;M. Altaf Arain,&nbsp;Olivier Champagne,&nbsp;Patricia Chow-Fraser,&nbsp;Nidhi Nagabhatla,&nbsp;Dawn Martin-Hill","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Climate change and extreme weather events affect hydrology and water resources in catchments worldwide. This study analysed Blue Water (<i>BW</i>) and Green Water (<i>GW</i>) scarcity in the McKenzie Creek watershed in Ontario, Canada, and explored how changes in temperature and precipitation may impact water scarcity dynamics. The McKenzie Creek is the main water source for agricultural activities for the Six Nations of the Grand River reserve (the largest Indigenous community in Canada) and other non-Indigenous communities in the watershed. Data from the water use surveys and streamflow simulations performed using the Coupled Groundwater and Surface-Water Flow Model (GSFLOW) under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios 4.5 and 8.5, representing moderate and high greenhouse gas emissions and climate warming, respectively, were used to calculate <i>BW</i> and <i>GW</i> scarcity. Study results showed that <i>BW</i> scarcity may increase to ‘moderate’ levels if water users extract the maximum permitted water withdrawal allocation. This level of scarcity has the potential to cause ecological degradation and water quality issues in the watershed. <i>GW</i> scarcity will steadily increase throughout the 21st century due to climate warming with the western portion of the McKenzie Creek watershed projected to experience slightly higher levels of <i>GW</i> scarcity. This may cause users to withdraw more water resources, thereby decreasing <i>BW</i> available for downstream communities, including the Six Nations of the Grand River. This study provides water resource managers and regional planners with important information about potential challenges facing the watershed due to increased water use and changing climate conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143112922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}