Engineering Geology最新文献

{"title":"Multiscale observations of diurnal thermal effects on rock failure and crack dynamics in soft marl layers (La Cornalle molasse rock wall, Switzerland)","authors":"Li Fei ,&nbsp;Michel Jaboyedoff ,&nbsp;Marc-Henri Derron ,&nbsp;Tiggi Choanji ,&nbsp;Chunwei Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Landslides and rockfalls frequently result from the weakening of soft rocks, with marl deterioration being particularly noteworthy. Most research on marl weathering has predominantly relied on laboratory simulations, leaving its natural behavior inadequately explored. This study investigates the impact of thermal weathering on marls at the La Cornalle Molasse rock wall in Epesse, Switzerland, which consists of interbedded thin sandstones and marls. We conducted a 26-h monitoring campaign (March 1–2, 2022), utilizing bi-hourly LiDAR scans, a K-type thermometer to measure rock surface temperature at 10-min intervals, a pyranometer for solar radiation monitoring at 10-min intervals, and thermal imaging of the rock wall face at 20-min intervals. Additionally, microscope images were taken using a portable digital microscope every hour to monitor marl microcracks at three different spots on different dates. During these survey periods, we detected 66 small rock detachments (6 in sandstones, 60 in marls), with a total marl volume of 0.0677 ± 0.0088 m³ and an average failure scar depth of 0.018 m. Notably, 63.3 % of marl detachments occurred during daytime hours. Three detachment peaks were observed: the first during peak solar radiation on the initial day, the second during rapid cooling in the late afternoon and early evening of the same day, and the third during rapid heating in the late morning of the subsequent day. Crack movement was most pronounced in the afternoon and diminished at night, resuming with sunrise and increased solar radiation. The absence of rainfall and strong winds during the study period suggests that thermal tensile stress induced by solar radiation was the primary driver of rock detachment and crack activity. Our findings indicate that even minor diurnal temperature fluctuations can promote crack development and detachments in marl. While thermal weathering primarily affects the shallow rock surface, its long-term and repeated action can undermine slope stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"354 ","pages":"Article 108159"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydro-mechanical behavior and Cr(VI) containment performance of sand-clay-bentonite backfill","authors":"Kaofei Zhu ,&nbsp;Yong He ,&nbsp;Yujun Cui ,&nbsp;Keneng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vertical cutoff walls at heavy metal contaminated sites are subjected to coupled chemo-hydro-mechanical effects. In this study, a series of oedometer compression, permeability and solute transport tests were conducted to investigate the hydro-mechanical behavior and Cr(VI) containment performance of sand-red clay-bentonite backfill. Mercury intrusion porosimeter (MIP) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) were used to analyze microstructural changes following chemical exposure. Experiment results indicate that the backfill exhibited high compressibility, with a compression index of 0.74, and maintained a hydraulic conductivity below the regulatory threshold (&lt; 10⁻⁹ m/s) under vertical effective stresses exceeding 25 kPa. Under Cr(VI) contamination, the backfill experienced slight shrinkage that correlated linearly with Cr(VI) concentration. This behavior is primarily attributed to the formation of localized sand skeletons, which enhance structural stability and chemical compatibility. Microstructural analyses revealed a reduction in micropore size due to clay aggregate shrinkage and an increase in macropore size caused by the formation of micro fissures at sand–clay interfaces. Consequently, hydraulic conductivity increased moderately (by 11 % to 50 %) with rising Cr(VI) concentration. This change corresponded to a gradual decline in containment performance, as evidenced by a reduced retardation factor and an increased hydraulic dispersion coefficient. Overall, the sand-red clay-bentonite backfill demonstrated low permeability and strong chemical compatibility under Cr(VI) contamination, making it a suitable backfill material for constructing vertical cutoff walls in Cr(VI)-contaminated sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"354 ","pages":"Article 108154"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of clay content on the dynamics of submarine landslides: New insights from flume experiments","authors":"Shu Zhou ,&nbsp;Yandong Bi ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Tan ,&nbsp;Jian Pu ,&nbsp;Zhen Guo ,&nbsp;Chongqiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Jin Sun ,&nbsp;Yu Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regarding whether submarine landslides' mobility decreases linearly or varies non-monotonically with increasing clay content in current studies is still under debate. To address this issue and further investigate the long-runout distance mechanism of submarine landslides, we conducted experiments with clay content ranging from 5 % to 30 % in a flume with an inclination angle of 10°. Through analysis of the rheological properties of the sediment slurry, the pore pressure and the total stress at the bed bottom along the channel, and the flow velocities, the dynamics of the submarine landslide were characterized. The experiments show that as the clay content increases, the flow transits from liquid-like to solid-like behavior. The peak values of both the pore pressure and the total stress, and the pressure loading rate at the bed bottom monotonically increase as the clay content increases. The velocity analysis supports the conclusion of a non-monotonic variation of mobility, which refers to the flow velocity exhibiting an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease with the increase of clay content. The critical clay content, at which the maximum flow velocity occurs, is within the range of 10–15 %. The mechanism analysis shows that the submarine landslide with the critical clay content has both lower apparent viscosity and higher pore pressure that is sufficient to generate hydroplaning, resulting in the highest mobility. The dimensional analysis shows that the dimensionless yield stress positively correlates to the clay content. It is also found that within the range of approximately three orders of magnitude from 5 × 10⁻³ to 3, the dimensionless yield stress and the densimetric Froude number (<em>Fr</em>_<em>d</em>) exhibit a non-monotonic relationship, which also supports a non-monotonic behavior of the mobility. In summary, this study enhances our understanding of submarine landslide processes and further contributes to better disaster prediction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 108157"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Durability of an innovative self-healing geopolymer vertical barrier under dry-wet cycles","authors":"Qin-Pei Xue ,&nbsp;Hong-Xin Chen ,&nbsp;Shi-Jin Feng ,&nbsp;Fu-Sheng Zha ,&nbsp;Xiao-Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microcapsules have great potential in developing more durable and reliable cutoff wall materials. This study produced two types of microcapsules, including single-walled and double-walled, using sodium silicate as the core material, which demonstrated advantageous chemical structures, thermal stability, and rheological properties. An innovative self-healing geopolymer cutoff wall backfill (SHGCWB) has been synthesized based on this. The evolution of durability was evaluated macroscopically through dry-wet cycle test. The self-healing effect and durability enhancement mechanism of microcapsules were revealed microscopically by MIP and SEM-EDS tests. The hydraulic conductivity of SHGCWB can remain below 1E-8 m/s before the 4th dry-wet cycle, and fluctuate around 1E-8 m/s in the subsequent cycles. The true determinant of permeability is the proportion of micropore (&lt; 0.05 μm), mesopore (0.05–0.1 μm), and macropore (&gt; 0.1 μm). One can promptly estimate the hydraulic conductivity of SHGCWB based on ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and the first ultrasonic pulse amplitude (UPA). This study can provide a new technical solution to further improving the long-term durability and serviceability of cutoff wall.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 108155"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungus-induced sand stabilization: Strength and erosion resistance properties","authors":"Leyu Gou ,&nbsp;Xianwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Haodong Gao ,&nbsp;Gang Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Yan ,&nbsp;Hualiang Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change increases the frequency of extreme weather events, intensifying shallow flow-type landslides, soil erosion in mountainous regions, and slope failures in coastal areas. Vegetation and biopolymers are explored for ecological slope protection; however, these approaches often face limitations such as extended growth cycles and inconsistent reinforcement. This study investigates the potential of filamentous fungi and wheat bran for stabilizing loose sand. Triaxial shear tests, disintegration tests, and leachate analyses are conducted to evaluate the mechanical performance, durability, and environmental safety of fungus-treated sand. Results show that the mycelium enhances soil strength, reduces deformation, and lowers excess pore water pressure, with a more pronounced effect under undrained than drained conditions. Mycelium adheres to particle surfaces, forming a durable bond that increases cohesion and shifts the slope of the critical state line, significantly enhancing the mechanical stability of fungus-treated sand. The resulting strength parameters are comparable to those of soils reinforced with plant roots. Fungus-treated sand remains stable after 14 days of water immersion following triaxial shear tests, with no environmental risk from leachate. These findings demonstrated that fungal mycelium provides an effective and eco-friendly solution for stabilizing loose sand, mitigating shallow landslides, and reinforcing coastlines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"354 ","pages":"Article 108156"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretable co-seismic landslide prediction: Unveiling the potential of multidirectional peak ground acceleration","authors":"Binghai Gao ,&nbsp;Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhice Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current co-seismic landslide evaluations predominantly employ machine learning methods, with peak ground acceleration (PGA) serving as the primary covariate for assessing landslide impacts. However, existing research often overlooks the effects of vertical ground motions, focusing solely on horizontal PGA, which does not reflect real-world conditions. To address this gap, we utilize actual ground shaking data to calculate a more comprehensive set of multi-directional PGA parameters and explore various combinations of these directional PGAs. To investigate their impact on co-seismic landslides, we employ a generalized additive model that captures the complex relationships between environmental factors and landslide occurrence. This model not only incorporates different directional PGAs but also considers their interactions to elucidate their effects on landslide risk. A robust suite of methods is employed to validate the model's goodness-of-fit and the interpretability of covariate effects. Our experimental results demonstrate that integrating multi-directional and interactive PGA parameters significantly enhances prediction accuracy for co-seismic landslides, with results remaining interpretable. Furthermore, we examine the generalizability of this approach across multiple machine learning methods, with consistent validation outcomes across different models. This underscores the necessity of comprehensively considering multi-directional PGA parameters and their interactions in practical co-seismic landslide predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 108153"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sparse data-driven knowledge discovery for interpretable prediction of permeability in tight sandstones","authors":"Lulu Xu ,&nbsp;Zhengyang Du ,&nbsp;Meifeng Cai ,&nbsp;Shangxian Yin ,&nbsp;Shuning Dong ,&nbsp;Hung Vo Thanh ,&nbsp;Kenneth C. Carroll ,&nbsp;Mohamad Reza Soltanian ,&nbsp;Zhenxue Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Permeability (<em>k</em>) is crucial for subsurface fluid flow, but predicting <em>k</em>-values in tight sandstones remains challenging due to their complex pore structure and heterogeneity. Although machine learning (ML) has shown promise, it faces significant challenges, including limited high-quality data, high computational costs, and unclear prediction mechanisms. This study proposes a sparse data-driven knowledge discovery framework aimed at enhancing the accuracy and interpretability of <em>k</em>-value predictions in tight sandstone formations. We integrate ML models with data augmentation (ML-DA), using Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost-DA) and Least Squares Support Vector Regression (LSSVR-DA), optimized through genetic algorithms (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and Bayesian optimization (BO). SHapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) are employed to elucidate the interactions between key factors influencing predictions. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate the robust performance of our ML-DA models, even under data constraints. SHAP analysis identifies key predictors, including porosity, displacement pressure, median pore throat radius, median pressure, and carbonate content. Partial dependence plots (PDPs) reveal a significant interaction between porosity and carbonate content, as well as a decrease in model stability at low carbonate content. This study presents an interpretable ML framework with data augmentation, enabling improved predictions from sparse data while exploring the interactions between key factors. The framework can be adapted to other domains facing similar challenges, enhancing the accuracy and transparency of model predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 108151"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of water inrush hazards in tunnels using the inversion method of full-decay induced polarization with physical law constraints","authors":"Lichao Nie ,&nbsp;Shixun Jia ,&nbsp;Wei Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Li ,&nbsp;Pengyu Jing ,&nbsp;Shuo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water hazards pose significant risks in complex geological conditions encountered during tunnel construction. Therefore, it is necessary to assess and detect water hazards in tunnels with greater precision. This paper proposes an inversion method of full-decay induced polarization (FDIP) with physical law constraints for assessing water inrush hazards. This method innovatively adds physical law constraints to the conventional FDIP inversion method based on equivalent resistivity. The physical law constraints comprise time-smoothing, the Weibull growth model, and spatial smoothing three constraints. Initially, the study presents two constraints for calculating equivalent resistivity, time-smoothing, and Weibull growth model constraints, to ensure smooth and monotonical resistivity changes over time. Additionally, the study incorporates a spatial smoothing constraint when deriving FDIP multi-parameters which guarantees gradual transitions of subsurface properties to avoid abrupt changes. The efficacy of the inversion method of FDIP with physical law constraints was confirmed by numerical simulations and a water diverting tunnel in Southwest China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"354 ","pages":"Article 108115"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144177954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fracture image classification study of clay hydraulic fracturing based on non-destructive testing and machine learning methods","authors":"Jia-He Zhang ,&nbsp;Shi-Jin Feng ,&nbsp;Qi-Teng Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiao-Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-frequency ground penetrating radar (GPR) offers a precise and non-destructive method for assessing the distribution of internal soil fractures. This research develops a non-destructive fracture GPR testing platform for low-permeability contaminated soil to acquire GPR B-scan images under authentic environmental conditions. The reliable dataset of soil GPR image is collected. Furthermore, an Improved ResNet50 Version 3 (IRV3) network, featuring embedded self-attention modules and an enhanced bottleneck design, is presented and applied to real hydraulic fracturing laboratory testing using GPR. Comparisons of GPR images before and after fracturing revealed significant alterations in fracture distribution. Under the complex conditions of fracturing, the IRV3 network achieved a classification accuracy of 86.3 %. These results validate the reliability of the GPR testing platform constructed for simulating soil internal fractures and demonstrate the IRV3 network's applicability in experimental fracturing scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"354 ","pages":"Article 108149"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144168609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaking table tests on the effect of transverse rib thickness on the stability of geosynthetic-reinforced soil walls","authors":"Wei-xiang Zeng ,&nbsp;Fei-yu Liu ,&nbsp;Meng-jie Ying ,&nbsp;Shi-xun Zhang ,&nbsp;Chen-bo Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) structures are extensively employed in infrastructure for mitigating geological disasters and facilitating restoration. Despite their widespread use, the seismic design of GRS structures requires further refinement. This study investigates the potential of three-dimensional modifications to geosynthetics for enhancing geosynthetic–soil interaction strength, extending shear bands range and reducing reinforcement length, backfill volume, and construction costs. Shaking table tests were conducted to evaluate the dynamic response of planar and stereoscopic geogrid-reinforced soil retaining walls. Using the Hilbert-Huang transform, time–frequency domain analysis examined the effects of varying transverse rib thickness, reinforcement spacing, and reinforcement length on acceleration response, panel displacement, settlement, geogrid strain, and spectrum amplitude evolution. The results reveal that stereoscopic geogrids with thickened transverse ribs improve the dynamic stability of GRS walls. Both wall types exhibited a combination failure mode involving arc-shaped and sliding failure mechanisms under increased spacing or reduced reinforcement length, but transverse rib thickness had a particularly significant effect on structural performance and deformation behavior. The failure surface in the backfill was visually observed using marked sand tracking, which showed that thickened transverse ribs reduced the dislocation height difference of soil markers by 60 %. In contrast, planar geogrids experienced a 39.8 % increase in average strain increment, greater horizontal panel displacement, and more pronounced sliding failure. During vibration, stereoscopic geogrid reinforcement reduced the increase in high-frequency amplitude propagation from the base to the top of the model, lowering it from 83.0 % to 16.1 %. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing seismic design parameters in GRS walls, contributing to improved dynamic stability and cost efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"353 ","pages":"Article 108135"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}