Engineering Geology最新文献

{"title":"Formation mechanism and characteristics of longitudinal cracking on embankment with TPCTs in permafrost regions of the QTP","authors":"Qinguo Ma, Yuanming Lai, Xiaoxiao Luo, Haiyong Chen, Peifeng He, Xiaojie Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107927","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to high cooling efficiency without external cooling requirement, two-phase closed thermosyphons (TPCTs) play a certain role in maintaining the stability of embankment in permafrost regions of the QTP. However, pavement disease still exists in the embankments with TPCTs along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway (QTH). We aimed to summarize the type, position and characteristics of pavement disease, and determine the cause, emergence time, and spatiotemporal evolution of longitudinal cracking. This paper involves an on-site investigation, geological radar detection and multi-physics coupling numerical simulation on the pavement disease of embankments with TPCTs along the QTH. The results show that differential settlement and longitudinal cracking are main pavement disease for embankment with vertical TPCTs (VTPCTs), while longitudinal cracking is the main form for embankment with inclined TPCTs (ITPCTs). Longitudinal cracking in embankment with ITPCTs is more developed than the embankment with VTPCTs. Longitudinal cracking at the pavement is attributed to the combination of ground temperature and soil water distributions, and the inflection point for the deformation distribution is the potential position for longitudinal cracking. In embankment with ITPCTs, longitudinal cracking is initiated at the pavement bottom near sunny side center in the 4th service year and propagates at the sunny side. However, in embankment with VTPCTs, longitudinal cracking is initiated at pavement top surface near EC in the 7th service year and propagates at both sunny and shady sides taking EC as the axis of symmetry. This analysis can provide theoretical guidance for the maintenance of the QTH, and the design for the planned Qinghai-Tibet Expressway.","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on capturing bedding planes in laminated shale through advanced physics-informed image processing for multiscale geomechanical simulation","authors":"Gaobo Zhao, Mindi Ruan, Deniz Tuncay, Xin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107929","url":null,"abstract":"Shale is characterized by its laminated and fissile nature, consisting of numerous thin layers that easily split along bedding planes. Traditional geomechanical simulations often simplify shale's complex structure by representing bedding planes as continuous and equidistant. While this approach is numerically efficient and useful for approximating general shale behavior, it limits our understanding of the shale's true mechanical response to mining-induced stress. This study proposes an advanced physics-informed image processing method to capture bedding planes across different orientations, scales, and shale types. The method includes five procedures: 1) projection transfer, where a 3D cylinder is projected onto a 2D image; 2) edge detection, where physics-informed edges are detected to obtain bedding plane pixels; 3) clustering, where bedding plane pixels are clustered to form bedding plane lines; 4) representation of bedding planes; and 5) feature extraction of bedding planes. Our method effectively captures bedding planes across different orientations (0°, 45°, and 90°), scales (interim bedding planes at the laboratory scale and ordinary bedding planes at the rock mass scale), and shale types (Opalinus shale, sandy shale, gray shale, black shale, and carbonaceous shale). The geometric information extracted from the bedding planes—including coordinates, number, spacing, length, and distribution characteristics—has been summarized into a comprehensive database for different shales at different scales. The results show that: at the laboratory scale, the captured interim bedding planes are neither continuous nor equidistant. Their lengths follow a log-normal distribution, with the mean length (LN) ranging from 1.227 to 1.823 and the standard deviation (LN) varying between 1.069 and 5.062. The fitting statistical parameters, including the mean and standard deviation of this distribution, have been summarized. At the rock mass scale, the ordinary bedding planes are continuous but not equidistant. Successful multiscale geomechanical simulations in UDEC and FLAC3D were conducted to model uniaxial compression tests at the laboratory scale and shale roof failure at the entry scale, calibrated using laboratory and field observations.","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel hybrid hydraulic fracturing phase-field model for porous media","authors":"Feng Zhu, Hongxiang Tang, Degao Zou, Xue Zhang, Yonghui Li","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107932","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a novel 2D hybrid hydraulic fracturing phase-field model for simulating the complex fracturing processes in porous media. By coupling Reynolds flow with the cubic law in fractures and Darcy's flow in the low-permeability surrounding reservoir, the fracture-reservoir fluid governing equations are established. To simulate hydraulic fractures, an energy functional for fluid-driven fracture propagation in porous media was developed within a hybrid framework. The proposed functional is based on the interactions between the fluid, fractures, and the surrounding matrix, addressing key issues, such as nonphysical fractures under compression and fracture healing, while maintaining displacement field linearity. Additionally, the proposed functional considers not only the effect of pore water outside the fractures but also the work done by the injection fluid on the internal fracture walls. The fracture width, stress degradation function, fluid leak-off, and strain energy are critical links in hydromechanical–fracture coupling. The above coupled model was discretized using isogeometric analysis and iteratively solved with a staggered scheme. Six 2D examples were used to evaluate the model's validity, computational capability, and hydraulic fracturing behaviour. The results showed that the proposed model can reasonably capture the highly nonlinear hydraulic fracturing process in shale reservoirs, including matrix deformation, fracture propagation, injection fluid flow inside fractures, pore water seepage outside fractures, and fluid leak-off.","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary characteristics and correlations between deformation energy and strain in anthracite coal during stress wave-induced catastrophes","authors":"Li Zhang, Tingjiang Tan, Enyuan Wang, Yubing Liu, Dong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107931","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the deformation evolution process, as well as the energy storage and transformation behavior of coal under the influence of stress waves, is essential to promote technological progress and safety improvement in mining, underground engineering, and energy utilization. With the SHPB system, dynamic impact tests were conducted on anthracite coal under varying impact loads in this study. The deformation parameter characteristics of anthracite coal were examined regarding the storage and transformation patterns of deformation energy. Further analysis was performed on the attenuation laws of stress waves in the time and frequency domains. Besides, the correlation characteristics of strain and deformation energy in the stress wave disaster-causing mechanism were investigated, revealing that maximum and residual strain exhibited a notable linear relationship with impact load, with growth rates of 0.209 % and 0.212 %, respectively. Parameters <ce:italic>ε</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">b</ce:inf> and <ce:italic>ε</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">h</ce:inf> followed a down-concave exponential growth pattern and an up-concave exponential decrease pattern, respectively. <ce:italic>W</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">d</ce:inf> and <ce:italic>W</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">s</ce:inf> presented a notable linear strain rate effect, with growth rates of 2.44 and 2.30, respectively, and a significant linear energy effect, with growth rates of 0.46 and 0.44, respectively. <ce:italic>W</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">b</ce:inf> and <ce:italic>W</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">h</ce:inf> demonstrated a down-concave exponential growth pattern and an up-concave exponential decrease. The reflection and transmission effects of the stress wave in the time domain displayed clear linear growth and attenuation trends with the impact load, characterized by a growth rate of 0.020 and an attenuation rate of 0.015, respectively. Furthermore, an approximate linear increase appeared on the spectrum amplitudes of the incident, reflection, and transmission waves, with growth rates of 0.035, 0.032, and 0.0074, respectively.","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquefaction hazard mapping in DMDP area of Bangladesh: A comprehensive assessment using SCPT data and multiple severity indices","authors":"Md. Hossain Safayet, Ashna Tasnim, Mehedi A. Ansary","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107928","url":null,"abstract":"Only a small number of studies in the past have used a substantial amount of data to assess the liquefaction risk in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. Dhaka falls within a moderate seismic zone. Due to the extensive number of development projects in this area, it has become crucial to identify high-risk regions with good precision. This study is an attempt to develop a liquefaction potential map for the Dhaka Metropolitan Development Plan (DMDP), having an area of 1530 sq. km based on an ample number of SCPT data using BI-14 triggering methodology and three severity indices (LPI, LPI<ce:inf loc=\"post\">ISH</ce:inf>, LSN). Micro-zoned PGA value of a 475-year return period, combining soil type and deposit, has been used to analyze a 400 SCPT dataset by Horizon software, recently developed by Geyin and Maurer. This study has produced four maps based on the LPI, LPI<ce:inf loc=\"post\">ISH</ce:inf>, LSN indices and a combination of LPI and LPI<ce:inf loc=\"post\">ISH</ce:inf> to evaluate the seismic risk intensity across the DMDP area. Depending on cumulative frequency curves, a zonation-based analysis has been developed using two dominant soil deposits to enhance the applicability of the result. For Zone 1 (Floodplain Deposit), 79 %, 68 %, 63 % and 77 % of the area have been marked as susceptible to liquefaction by LPI, LPI<ce:inf loc=\"post\">ISH,</ce:inf> LSN and combined index respectively. In Zone 2 (Madhupur Clay Deposit), assessments indicated that 65 %, 36 %, 38 % and 55 % of the area are prone to liquefaction susceptibility. This study has anticipated to provide policymakers with valuable insights regarding urban planning, development, expansion, implementation of safety measures, and production of risk management plans.","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation on swelling and gas breakthrough properties of GMZ bentonite considering alkaline solution effects","authors":"Lin-Yong Cui, Wei-Min Ye, Qiong Wang, Yong-Gui Chen, Bao Chen, Yu-Jun Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107933","url":null,"abstract":"The degradation of concrete elements during the construction and operation of a repository can produce hyperalkaline groundwater, which may compromise the mechanical integrity and gas tightness of the engineering barrier system. Most of the previous studies focused on influences of the alkaline solutions on swelling and permeability characteristics of bentonite, but failed to address the gas migration behaviors in the bentonite specimen. In this study, a series of NaOH solutions (0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 M) injection and subsequent gas injection/breakthrough experiments were carried out on the compacted bentonite specimens with 1.7 g/cm<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup> dry density. During the test, swelling pressure, saturated permeability, gas breakthrough pressure and effective gas permeability were recorded. After the gas injection test, the bentonite specimen was submitted for the mercury intrusion porosimeter (MIP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests to analyze microstructural and morphological changes of the specimen. Results show that, during the solution infiltration test, the axial pressure became gradually stabilized when a constant or steady-state flow condition was reached. With the increase of NaOH solution concentrations, the swelling pressure decreased while the saturated permeability increased. Before occurrence of the gas breakthrough, the effective gas permeabilities are in an order of magnitude varying between 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−24</ce:sup> and 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−22</ce:sup> m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>, and show an increasing trend as NaOH solution concentrations increased. Montmorillonite minerals dissolution leads to a decrease of the strongly adsorbed water on the surface of clay minerals and a decrease of the swelling pressure. Consequently, gas can easily move in the bentonite specimen by capillary displacement or formation of the dilatant pathways at a lower injection pressure, eventually threatening the long-term safety and performance efficiency of a deep geological repository.","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis on the failure mechanism and entire evolution process of toppling bank slope under heavy rainfall utilizing material point method","authors":"Chao Su, Ailan Che, Jifang Zhou, Guoquan Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107935","url":null,"abstract":"The Yalong River hydropower base is located on the eastern margin of Tibet Plateau, where the toppling slopes are widely distributed. The toppling slopes are susceptible to sliding during rainfall, posing a significant safety risk to hydroelectric generating. Examining the kinematic properties and disaster effects of potential landslides is crucial for assessing risks and the safety management of reservoirs, as well as understanding the failure mechanism of toppling slopes. Tiangeng slope is a toppling bank slope situated in the middle reaches of Yalong River, and its deformation mode is representative of the region. To facilitate disaster mitigation and early warning in reservoir area, the Tiangeng slope is analyzed by the integration of field monitoring and material points method (MPM). Additionally, the MPM results are compared with the finite element method (FEM), thereby confirming the reliability of MPM. The essential information such as slope deformation trend and potential sliding surface are obtained by field monitoring, which provides a basis for establishing the numerical model. The MPM is an efficient numerical technique for examining geotechnical nonlinear large deformation issues. The MPM is utilized to investigate the entire evolution process of slope failure under rainfall, emphasizing the post-landslide stage. The results show that the slope exhibits typical toppling-slip deformation, with the principal failure characteristic being creep-tension cracking. The potential slope failure exhibits retrogression and traction characteristics, comprising four distinct stages and a maximum runout distance of 202.9 m.","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing long-term prediction of non-homogeneous landslides incorporating spatiotemporal graph convolutional networks and InSAR","authors":"Zongzheng Li, Jianping Chen, Chen Cao, Wen Zhang, Kuanxing Zhu, Ji Bai, Chenyang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107917","url":null,"abstract":"Accurately predicting landslides is critical for effective warning and management, but remains challenging due to unpredictable triggering events and the spatial heterogeneity of soil and slope structures. Existing prediction methods often rely on point-sampled data, neglecting the heterogeneity in landslide evolution. To address this, we propose integrating Spatiotemporal Graph Convolutional Networks (STGCN) with Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) to capture the spatiotemporal characteristics of landslide events. The STGCN processes spatial features through its Graph Neural Network (GNN) layer and analyzes temporal dynamics using the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) layer. This allows for a more precise extraction of displacement features associated with landslides. An application of this approach in the Sela Mountain region of the Jinsha River on the Tibetan Plateau (China) demonstrated that the STGCN model significantly improves prediction accuracy compared to traditional deep learning models, with Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) reduced to 25.51 and 2.34, respectively. This represents a 35 % and 50 % improvement over the best-performing traditional model in similar tests. Notably, this method, notably the first to incorporate the direction of material migration in landslide predictions, effectively addresses the challenge of spatial heterogeneity and expands the predictive framework from merely temporal to both spatial and temporal dimensions. Our findings highlight that this integrated approach provides a powerful tool for more accurate and comprehensive landslide prediction.","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental analysis on breaching mechanism of earth-rock dam induced by landslide generated waves","authors":"Zhen-han Du, Jia-Wen Zhou, Shi-Chen Zhang, Qi-Ming Zhong, Hai-Bo Li, Yu-Xiang Hu, Cong-Jiang Li, Jie-Yuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107913","url":null,"abstract":"High earth-rock dams and large reservoirs have been widely constructed in mountainous river valleys. These areas contain a significant number of potential landslide areas, which can be triggered by external factors, such as earthquakes, heavy rainfall, or water level fluctuations. The impact of landslide-generated waves can lead to the breaching and failure of earth-rock dams. To investigate the breaching mechanisms of earth-rock dams and the erosion patterns caused by landslide-generated waves, a series of integrated physical experiments was conducted to simulate the process of wave-dam breach scenarios. The wave climbing process in front of a dam and the erosion characteristics of different types of waves were analysed. Critical criteria for wave-induced dam erosion and breaches were also proposed. The breaching process was examined under the influence of various factors. The results indicate that the dam breach can be divided into three stages under the impact of landslide-generated waves: surge run-up overtopping stage, surge impact erosion stage, and conventional overtopping erosion stage. When a wave climbing height in front of the dam is higher than the dam height (<ce:italic>R</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>i</ce:italic></ce:inf><ce:sup loc=\"post\">⁎</ce:sup> &gt; (<ce:italic>h</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>d</ce:italic></ce:inf>)<ce:inf loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>i</ce:italic>-1</ce:inf>), the dam crest is continuously eroded; when the average water level in front of the dam is greater than the height of the dam after erosion (<ce:italic>h</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>i</ce:italic></ce:inf> &gt; (<ce:italic>h</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>d</ce:italic></ce:inf>)<ce:inf loc=\"post\"><ce:italic>i</ce:italic></ce:inf>), the earth-rock dam breaks. The erosion of the dam body induced by waves was more severe under identical hydraulic conditions than dam breaches under natural overtopping. This results in faster breach development, earlier breach initiation, higher peak discharge, longer breach duration, and greater overall risk.","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic analysis of multi-block rockfalls using improved 3-D discontinuous deformation analysis: Effect of coefficient of restitution","authors":"Changze Li, Gonghui Wang, Guangqi Chen, Jingyao Gao, Pengcheng Yu, Xinyan Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107910","url":null,"abstract":"Rockfalls are a frequent hazard in mountainous regions, posing significant risks to both people and infrastructure due to their high velocity, mass, and energy. However, understanding the dynamics of multi-block systems remains challenging because of their inherent complexity, complicating accurate predictions. This study focuses on the critical role of the coefficient of restitution (COR) in governing the dynamic behavior of multi-block rockfalls. To address this, an improved three-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis (3-D DDA) method is developed and applied to simulate energy dissipation during collisions in multi-block rockfalls. The improved 3-D DDA is validated through comparisons with theoretical and experimental rockfall models. Using this method, simulations of multi-block rockfalls with varying COR values are conducted to examine their influence on rockfall dynamics and deposition patterns. The analysis also incorporates friction angle to explore its interaction with the block-ground COR. Results reveal that in high-COR path materials, such as rock slopes, the sliding friction coefficient becomes a more influential factor in determining rockfall runout distances. Additionally, the integration of the 3-D DDA method with 3-D scanning technology enables simulations using real-world block geometries, facilitating the investigation of block sphericity effects. The proposed method offers a robust framework for analyzing multi-block rockfall mechanisms, improving both prediction accuracy and post-failure assessments.","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}