Engineering Geology最新文献

{"title":"An improved rock damage model from a cyclic temperature – triaxial loading experiment for compressed air energy storage caverns","authors":"Zhongyu Yu, Shiwei Shen, Miao Li, Min Zhang, Lupeng Tian, Guowen Hua","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107857","url":null,"abstract":"While studies on rock damage have mostly examined cyclic mechanical loading, or addressed thermal and mechanical loadings separately, compressed air energy storage (CAES) projects require the coupling of both effects. Granite was used to demonstrate a systematic experimental procedure in which cyclic temperature effects was incorporated into fatigue damage study of rocks subject to cyclic mechanical loading. Granite specimens were pre-treated with cyclic temperatures up to 200 °C, 400 °C, and 600 °C, with the P-wave velocity tested after each cycle. Subsequently, the treated specimens went through triaxial cyclic loading. The upper limit of the triaxial cyclic loading was 200 MPa, and the confining pressures were 5 MPa, 10 MPa, and 15 MPa. Granite exhibited hardened and weakened behaviour. The specimens were weakened if the deviatoric stress exceeded the fatigue threshold, which was determined by the cyclic temperature and the confining pressure in this study. A damage model was derived to quantify the degree of hardening and weakening. The model improved the existing damage models by incorporating the cyclic temperature effect. This study lays a foundation for safe operation of CAES projects.","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influences of freeze-thaw cycles on desiccation cracking of an intact loess","authors":"Luqing Zhao, Penghui Ma, Qingyi Mu, Zhijie Jia, Junyan Zhao, Zhiyuan He, Bingyao Huo, Zekun Li, Jianbing Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107864","url":null,"abstract":"Due to cyclic freezing-thawing and drying-wetting, cracks are commonly encountered in loess regions and adversely affect the seepage and stability of slope engineering. However, the influences of freeze-thaw (FT) cycles on desiccation cracking of intact loess are rarely known. In this study, evaporation tests were performed on an intact loess with different water contents and subjected to various numbers of FT cycles. To interpret the desiccation cracking behavior, the microstructure of tested intact loess was determined by conducting the scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests. Results show that FT cycles further enhance the inherent loose structure of intact loess through pore expansion, pore connection and formation of continuous channel, and destroy the particle bonding contributed by fine particles and cementitious minerals. The intact loess subjected to 0 FT cycle predominately exhibit single cracks, while both single and Y-shaped cracks are observed in intact loess subjected to non-zero FT cycles. The difference in crack pattern is attributed to the enhanced loose structure owned by the latter, which forms a large number of structural defects. Furthermore, the crack ratio and the average width and total length of cracks increase with the increasing numbers of FT cycles. This can be attributed to the two effects induced by FT cycles, one is the degradation of tensile strength due to bonding breakage, and the other is the inhomogeneous shrinkage deformation due to the rapid evaporation of water in specimens with enhanced loose structure. Furthermore, the FT cycles cause more significant effects on the desiccation cracking of intact loess with higher water contents than those of intact loess with lower water contents, primarily due to the larger frost heaving forces induced in the former.","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic and environmental controls on slow-moving landslides: Insights from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake","authors":"Huiyan Lu, Hakan Tanyaş, Weile Li, Qiang Xu, Cees J. van Westen, Luigi Lombardo","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107865","url":null,"abstract":"Earthquakes can initiate slow-moving landslides and cause them to transition into rapid failures. Although observations are limited, the literature suggests that strong earthquakes are more likely to trigger nearby failures, while smaller earthquakes may increase susceptibility. However, understanding the role of seismic disturbances requires considering other environmental conditions. This study focuses on the 2008 M<ce:inf loc=\"post\">w</ce:inf> 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, using a data-driven multivariate approach to analyze slow-moving landslides. Our findings highlight topographic relief, road proximity, river distance, average monthly precipitation, lithology, and distance to the earthquake surface rupture as key factors. While the distance to the surface rupture is inversely related to landslide occurrence, it is the least influential variable, suggesting that most slow-moving landslides near the rupture may not have failed during the earthquake. Our finding also suggests that persistent disturbances from road networks may be as significant as the impact of a strong earthquake in influencing the existence of slow-moving landslides.","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the heterogeneous hydrogeological characteristics in the Choushui River alluvial fan, Taiwan, through observations from the multi-layer compaction monitoring wells","authors":"Reyhan Azeriansyah, Kuo-En Ching, Cheng-Wei Lin, Kuo-Chin Hsu, Pei-Ching Tsai, Chao-Lung Yeh, Ruey-Juin Rau","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107843","url":null,"abstract":"An extensive monitoring dataset gathered from 35 multi-layer compaction monitoring wells (MLCWs), 83 groundwater level monitoring wells, and four extensometers were used in this study to comprehend the susceptibility of geological materials to land subsidence at the Choushui River alluvial fan due to the contrasting subsidence trends observed in the Yunlin (south) and Changhua (north) areas of the alluvial fan in central Taiwan. The precision of MLCW is approximately 0.5–2.5 mm based on the time series analysis. We proposed an alternative classification method that uses the alignment of seasonal fluctuation patterns observed through MLCWs, highlighting the compaction properties of subsurface strata. The resultant vertical and horizontal sensitivity models uncover the distinct inherent material properties and their response to groundwater extraction between the Yunlin and Changhua regions. The Yunlin region exhibits extensive land subsidence, mirroring a ‘big sponge’ due to its high porosity and low permeability. In contrast, the subsidence in the Changhua region is more localized, resulting from stratigraphic distinctions. This comprehensive analysis not only provides insights into the complex mechanisms driving land subsidence but also suggests innovative strategies for its mitigation, emphasizing the importance of nuanced understanding and tailored approaches in addressing this critical issue in Taiwan and similar settings worldwide.","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative estimation of three-dimensional fracture density: Insights from the stereological relationship between borehole and universal elliptical DFN","authors":"Kun Xiao, Ru Zhang, Li Ren, Anlin Zhang, Jing Xie, Ziwen Luo, Zetian Zhang, Chendi Lou, Zeqian Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107860","url":null,"abstract":"Complex fracture networks significantly affect the deformation, damage, and strength of rock masses. Three-dimensional (3D) fracture density is an important parameter for estimating the mechanical properties and seepage characteristics of rock masses. This study, using a universal elliptical fracture model with all variable parameters that approximates the true fracture shape more closely than a circular disk model, strictly derived the mathematical intersection relationship between 3D elliptical fracture network and the borehole in space from the perspective of stereology. By correcting the influence of borehole size and fully utilizing the fracture trace information on the inner surface of the borehole, an accurate calculation method for rock mass 3D fracture density (<mml:math altimg=\"si1.svg\"><mml:msub><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mn>30</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> and <mml:math altimg=\"si13.svg\"><mml:msub><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mn>32</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>) was proposed. A series of 3D universal elliptical discrete fracture networks (DFNs) and boreholes were generated through Monte Carlo simulations to verify the correctness and applicability of the estimation theory. A sensitivity analysis of the impact of different fracture parameters on the estimation of 3D fracture density was conducted, revealing that the influences of the borehole radius, major axis distribution of the elliptical fracture, and 3D fracture density were more significant. Compared with conventional methods for estimating 3D fracture density through borehole data based on the circular disk model and elliptical model, the results showed that the method proposed in this study had greater characterization accuracy. For conventional methods that do not consider borehole size correction, the error increases exponentially with increasing borehole radius. The error of the disk model is always larger than that of the universal elliptical model. Finally, the relationships among <mml:math altimg=\"si13.svg\"><mml:msub><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mn>32</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>, <mml:math altimg=\"si1.svg\"><mml:msub><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mn>30</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> and <mml:math altimg=\"si9.svg\"><mml:msub><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mn>10</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> of the universal elliptical fracture model was assessed. This research provides a more comprehensive evaluation of rock mass quality and surrounding rock stability.","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights and modeling of the evolution of loess infiltration characteristics under multiple rainfalls induced by climate on the Loess Plateau of China","authors":"Haiman Wang, Dong Liao, Wankui Ni, Kangze Yuan, Siyuan Ren, Yexia Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107858","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigates how climate-induced multiple rainfall infiltrations on the Loess Plateau result in microstructural changes in loess, subsequently influencing its infiltration characteristics. To simulate the loess infiltration properties under multiple rainfall events, three infiltration tests were performed using a vertical infiltration apparatus. Additionally, SEM and NMR techniques were employed to examine the microstructural alterations in loess pre- and post-infiltration. The findings reveal that in specimens with low dry density, multiple infiltrations primarily cause pore collapse, significantly reducing infiltration rate, wetting front advance velocity, saturated volumetric water content, and the slope of the SWRC. Conversely, in high dry density specimens, cementation and carbonate dissolution dominate, leading to the expansion of small pores and enhanced connectivity, which results in opposite infiltration characteristics. Based on these experimental outcomes, the traditional isotropic SWRC model was extended to account for deformation conditions by incorporating two additional parameters. This study's results hold both practical and theoretical significance for mitigating natural disasters induced by rainfall in loess regions.","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of thermal-hydraulic-mechanical coupling model for in-situ transformation of oil shale considering pore structure and anisotropy","authors":"Zijian Chen, Shengyuan Song, Wen Zhang, Shidi Mei, Shuo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107859","url":null,"abstract":"The in-situ transformation of oil shale is an intricately complex process involving multiple physical field coupling. Through a series of laboratory experiments, this study reveals the relationship between the anisotropy of pore structure and the anisotropy of physical and mechanical properties in oil shale during the heating process. Results reveal that during heating, pyrolysis-induced parallel bedding macroscopic cracks significantly diminish thermal conductivity in the vertical bedding direction, drastically elevate permeability in the parallel bedding direction, and markedly decrease compressive strength in the parallel bedding direction and elastic modulus in the vertical bedding direction. Subsequently, we firstly propose a thermal-hydraulic-mechanical coupling model for the in-situ transformation of oil shale, which integrates anisotropic thermodynamic damage with a transversely isotropic constitutive model, to investigate the variation patterns of the reservoir temperature field, seepage field, stress field and displacement field during the convective heating process for in-situ transformation. Research findings indicate that: (1) the temperature field expands elliptically from the heating well and disseminates outwardly, achieving the target temperature across the entire reservoir by the 585th day of heating. (2) Permeability changes exhibit pronounced anisotropy and are tightly correlated with temperature fluctuations. (3) The distribution of pore pressure undergoes alterations due to temperature increases, which in turn impacts the heating rate of water vapor. (4) The vertical displacement change of the reservoir cap progresses through four distinct stages: a rapid increase phase, a brief rapid decrease phase, a transitional phase and a continuous decrease phase. Notably, the maximum expansion displacement is 0.056 m, while the maximum compression displacement reaches −0.081 m. This research not only provides significant scientific theoretical support for advancing the development of in-situ transformation technology for oil shale, but also offers reliable scientific evidence for large-scale industrial exploitation of oil shale in the future.","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards physics-informed neural networks for landslide prediction","authors":"Ashok Dahal, Luigi Lombardo","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107852","url":null,"abstract":"For decades, solutions to regional-scale landslide prediction have primarily relied on data-driven models, which, by definition, are disconnected from the physics of the failure mechanism. The success and spread of such tools came from the ability to exploit proxy variables rather than explicit geotechnical ones, as the latter are prohibitive to acquire over broad landscapes. Our work implements a Physics Informed Neural Network (PINN) approach, thereby adding an intermediate constraint to a standard data-driven architecture to solve for the permanent deformation typical of Newmark slope stability methods. This translates into a neural network tasked with explicitly retrieving geotechnical parameters from common proxy variables and then minimizing a loss function with respect to the available coseismic landslide inventory. The results are promising because our model not only produces excellent predictive performance in the form of standard susceptibility output but, in the process, also generates maps of the expected geotechnical properties at a regional scale. Therefore, Such architecture is framed to tackle coseismic landslide prediction, which, if confirmed in other studies, could open up PINN-based near-real-time predictions.","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moving beyond single slope quantitative analysis: A 3D slope stability assessment at urban scale","authors":"Angelo Ugenti, Federica Angela Mevoli, Daniela de Lucia, Piernicola Lollino, Nunzio Luciano Fazio","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107841","url":null,"abstract":"A very large percentage of the Italian municipalities is exposed to landslides, floods, and/or coastal erosion, according to the 2021 edition of the Report on hydrogeological instability in Italy. Even the south-eastern area of the country, the Apulia Region, is affected by different geo-hydrological hazards, with a concentration of landslides in the north-western portion, named the Daunia Apennine sector. Such a significant exposure to landslide hazard imposes the need of defining reliable quantitative methodologies to assess landslide susceptibility at both the slope scale and urban scale, so that appropriate land planning policies, as well as effective prevention and mitigation measures, can be implemented according to a more rational approach. The main purpose of this study is to propose a physically-based methodology, at the urban area scale, aimed at assessing landslide susceptibility, for both shallow and deep instability processes affecting almost all the urban areas in the Daunia Apennines. The proposed methodology has been applied to the municipality of Carlantino (FG) as a test case study, using the available geological and geomorphological maps as well as the soil physical and mechanical data. A three-dimensional geotechnical model, 2.5 km<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> wide, including the Carlantino urban area and the slopes surrounding the town, was created. Later on, a three-dimensional limit equilibrium analysis, taking into account the equilibrium conditions both in the slip and the transverse directions, was performed to obtain a mechanically-based map of safety factors at the urban area scale. The results of this study, obtained for three different scenarios related to the assumed depth of the groundwater table, allowed the identification of the areas more susceptible to landsliding, i.e. characterised by lower safety factor values. The proposed 3D approach represents a significant advancement with respect to the traditional 2D stability calculation methods in terms of accuracy of the representative geometrical and geological model, which is assumed to fit more effectively the complexity of the actual slope conditions. Moreover, the methodology can have significant practical applications, since the corresponding results provide a prompt overview of the slope stability conditions of an overall urban area and can be directly used for urban planning as well as risk management activities. Based on a comparison against geomorphological evidence and remote sensing data, this approach has proven to be a valuable tool to support landslide susceptibility assessments, to be promptly used for land planning policies, and is supposed to be exportable to other geological environments.","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142789985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic demand amplification in earth dam by dynamic dam-reservoir interactions (DRI) under near fault pulse type ground motions","authors":"Ashesh Choudhury, Sudib Kumar Mishra, Priyanka Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107853","url":null,"abstract":"Past studies investigated the seismic vulnerability of earth dams subjected to far-field earthquakes. Near fault, pulse type motions are known to amplify the seismic demands in long-period structures due to the resonating effect. Thus, this study investigates the seismic demand amplification in an earth dam under near fault pulse type motions, accounting for the dynamic dam-reservoir interactions (DRI). The dam and reservoir are modeled using a Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) approach, with DRI analysis compared to a simplified boundary stress (BS) analysis. A degrading shear modulus captures non-linearity in the geo-materials of the dam, and in the reservoir, it is captured by a pressure-density Hugoniot curve. Pulse and non-pulse motions pertaining to various hazard levels are used as input, and the analysis is performed using the Finite Element (FE) method. The pulse motions induce significant amplifications of the pertinent responses, such as acceleration, shear stress, displacement, and shear strain. Amplifications are more prominent for the latter two, along with considerable residuals (displacement and strain). The profiles of displacement/acceleration along the dam height are shown for the upstream shell, core, and downstream shell. The response-specific amplifications are demonstrated over the dam body. A formal zonation of the amplifications is carried out using a fuzzy clustering algorithm (FCA), which helps summarizing. However, the sloshing behavior of the reservoir remains insensitive to the pulse(s).","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}