Engineering Geology最新文献

{"title":"Hanging wall effects on cross-fault slope failures: Shaking table experiment insights","authors":"Tao Wei,&nbsp;Xuanmei Fan,&nbsp;Mingyao Xia,&nbsp;Danny Love Wamba Djukem,&nbsp;Shaojian Qi,&nbsp;Xinxin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Earthquake-triggered landslides are prone to occur on the hanging wall of faults, yet the failure mechanism of co-seismic landslides affected by reverse faulting remains poorly understood. In this study, we explore the dynamic response and failure mechanism of cross-fault slopes by conducting reverse fault physical modeling on large-scale shaking table model testing. A novel movable model box with a sliding bottom plate and an air cushion is used to simulate the reverse faulting of the horizontal layered slope models with fault dip angles of 30° and 50°. We analyze the effect of different reverse fault angles on the dynamic response and failure patterns, using various seismic waves, Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT), and particle image velocimetry (PIV). The results indicate that the dip angle of the reverse fault dislocation is crucial in influencing the dynamic response of the cross-fault slope. The 30° model is more sensitive to frequency changes and is prone to resonance at 24 Hz, while the 50° model produces stronger dynamic response to high amplitude seismic waves. Reverse fault dislocation amplifies the dynamic response and Hilbert energy at the hanging wall, with a larger amplification coefficient observed at a 30° dip angle. Slope models with different dip angles of the reverse fault produce distinct Hilbert energy distributions, resulting in two typical failure patterns. A “tension-shear” failure pattern, characterized by a shallow sliding surface, occurs in the 50° dip angle model, while a “tension-ejection” failure pattern with a vertical tensile sliding surface occurs in the 30° dip angle model. Our results provide important insights into the behavior of cross-fault slopes during seismic events, and provide guidance for better understanding and managing hazards associated with cross-fault slopes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 107985"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the penetration performance of rotary ground-penetrating radar in detecting coal-rock interfaces of roofs based on numerical simulation and actual exploration","authors":"Xiaosong Tang ,&nbsp;Jialin Liu ,&nbsp;Feng Yang ,&nbsp;Xu Qiao ,&nbsp;Tingyang Fu ,&nbsp;Suping Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Determining the precise boundary of coal seams is a significant challenge in the field of intelligent coal mining. Traditional drilling methods have proven inefficient in detecting the coal-rock interface of the roof, failing to meet the standards required for smart mining operations. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a novel rotating ground-penetrating radar (GPR) observation method for detecting the coal-rock interface,the GPR will be installed within 2 m of the air layer thickness beneath the coal roof in the coal working face, enabling omnidirectional 3D rotational detection. To study the penetration characteristics of the rotating GPR in the coal-rock interface of the roof, a refined numerical model was established. The model incorporates four different gangue content levels: 0 %, 0.1 %, 0.5 %, and 5 %, and includes four detection targets: “<em>Coal-Immediate Roof</em>”,“<em>Immediate Roof-Main Roof</em>”,<em>cavity</em>, and “<em>Air-Coal</em>”. The numerical simulation orthogonal experiment investigated the waveform characteristics, energy spectrum variations, and imaging features of GPR antennae at three different central frequencies: 50 MHz, 100 MHz, and 200 MHz. This analysis aids in selecting the appropriate detection frequency based on observed patterns in energy spectrum changes and imaging characteristics. Additionally, the paper analyzes the influence of the coal wall, floor, and random surfaces (“<em>Immediate Roof-Main Roof</em>”) on target recognition, comparing the identification effects of different acquisition methods and modeling approaches. This study provides new insights into non-destructive detection of coal-rock interfaces in mine roofs by validating the advantages of the proposed detection method and the feasibility of frequency selection with measured examples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 107978"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven sparse learning of three-dimensional subsurface properties incorporating random field theory","authors":"Weihang Chen ,&nbsp;Chao Shi ,&nbsp;Jianwen Ding ,&nbsp;Tengfei Wang ,&nbsp;David P. Connolly","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geotechnical engineers rely on accurate soil property information for engineering analyses. However, it is challenging for spatial learning of soil attributes because in-situ geotechnical testing is typically performed sparsely at discrete locations, and soil properties also exhibit inherent spatial variability. Traditional geostatistical methods for predicting spatial properties at these unsampled locations exhibit high computational complexity and require pre-determination of hyper-parameters, while pure data-driven methods fail to integrate geotechnical knowledge. In this study, a hybrid and parameter-free framework that uses random field theory and machine learning is proposed to model 3D subsurface field with reduced computational complexity. The framework constructs site-specific basis functions for characterizing the spatial variations of soil properties by decomposing a correlation matrix through principal component analysis. To further reduce the computational complexity involved in processing high-dimensional correlation matrices, a sparse sampling strategy is adopted to map correlation matrix onto lower-rank principal component space. A series of synthetic random field examples are generated to illustrate the impact of scale of fluctuation and autocorrelation functions on the accuracy and sensitivity of subsurface modeling. The performance of the proposed method is further validated using both synthetic cases and two real case histories. It is demonstrated that the proposed method generally achieves higher <em>R</em>² and lower root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) compared to state-of-the-art methods, such as Kriging and Bayesian compressive sensing. Moreover, the proposed method facilitates the explicit quantification of uncertainty associated with the subsurface models, providing valuable insights for engineering design and analysis. The data and code used in this study are available at <span><span>https://github.com/Data-Driven-RFT/Sparse-Learning</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 107972"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation of the instability process in underwater sedimentary slopes subjected to seismic action","authors":"Tingkai Nian ,&nbsp;Zehao Wang ,&nbsp;Defeng Zheng ,&nbsp;Zhongde Gu ,&nbsp;Chenglin Yan ,&nbsp;Xingsen Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sedimentation process preconditions the strength and stress state of soils in sloping seabed, yet it is often ignored in studies of the seismic-induced instability of underwater slopes. Additionally, the conventional total stress-based analysis struggles to explicitly capture excess pore pressure variation and effectively assess sedimentary slope instability under seismic excitation. In this study, an effective stress-based two-step numerical approach is proposed to investigate the contribution of sedimentation and seismic excitation on the instability process of a practical slope case. First, the sedimentation process is replicated, with the results mapped to the initial state of the seismic analysis. Then, an explicit hydro-mechanical model considering the cyclic strength degradation is proposed for seismic analysis. A searching algorithm is presented to dynamically identify the potential sliding surface and quantify real-time stability throughout the sedimentation-seismic process. Last, the approach is applied to consecutively simulate the entire sedimentation-seismic instability process of the Goleta slide. Results indicate that weak layers formed during sedimentation become preferential zones for the development of sliding surfaces, which propagate in a planar pattern under seismic excitation. During the process, the soils experience significant strength degradation (50 % at the sliding surface) due to strain softening and pore pressure accumulation. Parametric analysis indicates lower sedimentation rates tend to result in shallow slides of under-consolidated soils, while higher sedimentation rates lead to substantial pore pressure accumulation, causing deep-seated sliding. This work highlights the preconditioning effect of rapid sedimentation, and contributes to the scientific prediction of seismic geohazards in underwater slopes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 107977"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Landslide-reinforcement method and its application based on jet grouting to improve sliding-soil strength","authors":"Bolin Chen ,&nbsp;Haiyou Peng ,&nbsp;Wenjun Yang ,&nbsp;Si Chen ,&nbsp;Peizhe Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Ye ,&nbsp;Qi Guo ,&nbsp;Shuang Wei ,&nbsp;Hao Mei","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Owing to its versatility in civil-engineering applications such as slope stabilisation, foundation consolidation, and tunnel construction, jet grouting has been lauded for its swift implementation, cost effectiveness, and high structural integrity. This study introduces an innovative framework and procedural technique for landslide reinforcement using jet grouting. Using the transfer-coefficient method, we develop an integrated strength model that encompasses the altered mechanical attributes of soil layers following jet-grouting treatment at the slide interface. This model underpins a bespoke stability calculation formula for landslides reinforced by jet grouting. The Sanhepu landslide is used as a case study, where the methodology unfolds across the testing, reinforcement-scheme design, project-execution, and monitoring phases. Our study shows that jet grouting substantially enhances the shear strength of sliding soil, with the treated soil exhibiting greater strength than its interface with a rock. A strategic reinforcement plan that considers the positioning, spacing, and height of jet-grouting columns is shown to significantly improve landslide stability. The stability coefficient for the Sanhepu site increases significantly from 1.184 before intervention to 1.453 after intervention. The theoretical findings are applied in practice to the Sanhepu landslide, with emphasis on targeted sliding-soil reinforcement. Post-intervention monitoring substantiates the stabilisation and confirms the effectiveness of the jet-grouting method for soils susceptible to sliding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 107976"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal-fluid coupled fracture behavior of fissured granite in a 3D crystal model","authors":"Heng Li ,&nbsp;Sheng-Qi Yang ,&nbsp;Bo-Wen Sun ,&nbsp;Zhen Yang ,&nbsp;Zhi-Jin Dong ,&nbsp;Pin-Qiang Mo","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The discontinuous geological structures and crystalline characteristics of granite reservoirs drive hydraulic fracturing behavior, significantly influencing the process and effectiveness of reservoir stimulation. This paper introduces an improved three-dimensional thermo-hydro-mechanical coupled peridynamic crystal model (THM-PDCM) incorporating thermal cracking, nonlinear mechanics, and hydraulic effects. A polycrystalline microstructure model was developed based on the “crystal growth algorithm.” Within this framework, the effects of temperature, fissure dip angle and loading conditions on the hydraulic fracture propagation mechanism in granite were systematically investigated. Results show that THM-PDCM accurately captures thermally induced damage, fluid-driven fracture, and mechanical interactions. Grain boundary effects significantly influence the initiation and propagation of fractures. High temperatures induce microcracks that reduce the fracture toughness of the rock, alter crack propagation directions, and increase propagation instability. Thermally induced cracking combined with cold-water diffusion accelerates fracture growth, prompting transitions through crossing, propagation, deviation, and blocking as pressure declines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 107974"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal dynamics of root growth and desiccation cracks and their effects on soil hydraulic conductivity","authors":"Yuliana Yuliana ,&nbsp;Arwan Apriyono ,&nbsp;Viroon Kamchoom ,&nbsp;David Boldrin ,&nbsp;Qing Cheng ,&nbsp;Chao-Sheng Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vegetation significantly influences soil hydraulic conductivity, with the extent of this influence depending on root morphology and density, which vary across different developmental stages of plants. This research investigates the interaction dynamics between plant roots (during both growth and decay) and desiccation cracks, as well as the combined impact of vegetation, cracks, and seasonal variations on soil hydraulic conductivity (K_sat). Root growth and decay patterns were observed using a minirhizotron, while changes in crack formation were monitored and interpreted using the Crack Intensity Factor (CIF) for both vegetated and bare areas over an eighteen-month period of wetting and drying cycles. K_sat was analysed based on data from a double-ring test. The findings indicate that the presence of vetiver roots results in a less visible and uneven crack distribution compared to bare soil, with CIF and average crack widths reduced by half. However, cracks reappear during root decay periods. Although cracks were minimised in vegetated soil, K_sat values increased significantly during dry periods, with a 16-fold rise in the vegetated zone due to root propagation, while the bare zone showed a marginal 5-fold increase. The presence of cracks and roots significantly influences K_sat, exhibiting distinct hysteresis behaviour in response to drying and wetting cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 107973"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slip behaviors of rock joints subjected to weak shear disturbances: An experimental study","authors":"Wei Yuan ,&nbsp;Jianchun Li ,&nbsp;Xing Li ,&nbsp;Jiefang Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frequent weak disturbances can induce dynamic shear slip along rock joints and potentially trigger dynamic hazards in rock masses. This study experimentally investigates the dynamic slip, failure, and instability behavior of jointed rocks under repeated shear disturbances. A custom dynamic shear testing apparatus was used to examine sawtooth-shaped rock joints subjected to weak shear disturbances, normal stress, and initial shear stress. The results reveal that the shear displacement of the joint progresses through three distinct stages: decelerated slip, constant-rate slip, and accelerated slip, forming an inverse S-shaped curve. Both the dynamic slip displacement caused by the disturbance and the post-disturbance deformation due to stress recovery in each cycle are captured. As disturbance cycles increase, a progressive instability process is identified, characterized by a transition from initial instability to stable damage accumulation, and finally to accelerated damage accumulation. Notably, all instabilities occurred during the stress recovery phase following the final disturbance. The effects of normal stress and joint undulation angle on these behaviors are also discussed. A combined linear-exponential model is proposed to quantify the shear slip in jointed rocks, incorporating a damage variable index. The <em>p</em>/<em>a</em> ratio in this model effectively describes the transition from stable to accelerated damage accumulation, which may also indicate the intensity of energy release. These findings provide guidance for the assessment of dynamic slip instability in jointed rock masses, particularly under far-field seismic events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 107971"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Centrifuge modelling of a roto-translational landslide in stiff clay formation","authors":"Peng Xin ,&nbsp;Xuan Kang ,&nbsp;Wei Wu ,&nbsp;Gianvito Scaringi ,&nbsp;Xueliang Wang ,&nbsp;Qiong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Roto-translational landslides usually exhibit creep deformation along sliding surfaces, showing transverse cracks on the ground surfaces. However, the scarcity of experimental data has significantly hindered a deep understanding of their failure mechanisms. This research probes into the rotational failure phenomena of landslides in stiff clay formations, utilizing geotechnical centrifuge modelling and laboratory creep tests. Our findings reveal that rotational failures in model slopes are exclusively triggered under conditions of an undrained boundary at the basal shear zone. The post-failure behaviour is characterized by a settlement at the slope crest and a pronounced bulge at the toe, resulting in complex rotational movements along the basal sliding surface. Moreover, our laboratory experiments illuminate the creep behaviour of shear-zone materials under undrained conditions. In particular, samples with a high initial water content under sustained loading are highly susceptible to a quick transition into tertiary creep, leading to accelerated failure. These experimental insights substantially advance our understanding of the rotational failure patterns observed in clay-based landslides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 107964"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bayesian identification of the optimal soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) model and reliability analysis of unsaturated loess slope from extremely sparse measurements","authors":"Tengyuan Zhao,&nbsp;Yabin Yang,&nbsp;Ling Xu,&nbsp;Pingping Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil-water characteristic curve (SWCCs) are crucial in engineering geology and geotechnical engineering for understanding the behavior of unsaturated soils, such as loess, which directly affects permeability, shear strength, and volume change-key factors in slope stability and soil-structure interactions. Conventionally, SWCC estimation relies on multiple (saying approximately ten) measurements fitted to parameterized models. However, in practical applications, especially for medium- or small-scale projects, the availability of SWCC measurements is often extremely limited (e.g., one or two measurements) due to the time-intensive nature of the experiments. This presents significant challenges in accurately identifying suitable SWCC models and performing reliable stability analyses for unsaturated soil slopes. To address these challenges, this study employs a hierarchical Bayesian framework that integrates information from similar geotechnical site, enabling robust SWCC estimation and model selection from minimal measurements with the aid of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling, thereby quantifying model uncertainties and providing more scientifically informed decision-making for construction in engineering geology. MCMC samples obtained further facilitate both the identification of the most suitable SWCC model and the quantification of associated uncertainties. Then, a reliability-based stability analysis of an unsaturated loess slope is conducted, using the optimal SWCC model and its quantified uncertainty. The proposed methodology is validated through a real-world case study, demonstrating its effectiveness in deriving reliable SWCC models and performing stability analyses under conditions of extremely sparse data. The results highlight the potential of this method as a practical tool for advancing reliability assessments of unsaturated soil slopes in engineering geology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 107975"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}