Engineering Geology最新文献

{"title":"Influence of the main controlling factors on the tangential restitution coefficient of rockfall impact","authors":"Zhong-Min Ji , Ting-Hui Wang , Jie Wu , Fa-Quan Wu , Zhen-Hua Li , Dong-Po Wang , Yi-Ju Tang , Chang-Le Zhao , Qing-He Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tangential restitution coefficient (<em>R</em><sub>t</sub>) is a key control parameter for predicting rockfall impact-rebound processes. However, as the understanding of this parameter is not yet profound or comprehensive, it has received less attention, and there is no consensus on the existing research conclusions regarding it. Therefore, in this study, eight main controlling factors of <em>R</em><sub>t</sub> were identified according to the impact dynamics theory and the results of previous studies. Subsequently, the effect of each main controlling factor on <em>R</em><sub>t</sub> was systematically investigated using a specially developed test apparatus. The incident velocity (<em>V</em>) positively correlated with <em>R</em><sub>t</sub>; however, when <em>V</em> was sufficiently large, its effect on <em>R</em><sub>t</sub> was insignificant. Based on the slopes of the loose superficial materials, the two were negatively correlated. For vertical impacts on an inclined slope (VI), <em>R</em><sub>t</sub> decreased with an increase in the impact angle, whereas, for inclined impacts on the horizontal ground (IH), the impact angle had the contrary effect on <em>R</em><sub>t</sub> for blocks prone to local fragmentation. To clarify the effect of rotational speed on <em>R</em><sub>t</sub>, two integrated variables, the normal and tangential impact posture coefficients (<em>IPC</em><sub><em>y</em></sub> and <em>IPC</em><sub><em>x</em></sub>) which comprehensively consider the rotational speed, block shape, and impact posture, were introduced and the contact characteristics of the block and slope were classified and explored. When the mass centre (MC) of the block was in front of the contact point (CP), <em>IPC</em><sub><em>y</em></sub> was positively correlated with R<sub>t</sub>, whereas, the relationship between the two was unclear when the MC was behind the CP. Generally, <em>R</em><sub>t</sub> values were higher under the former condition than that under the latter, and the effects of gravity and local contact crushing of the angular-shaped blocks on <em>R</em><sub>t</sub> were more significant than that of <em>IPC</em><sub><em>x</em></sub> under VI. On densely rocky and loosely material slopes, <em>R</em><sub>t</sub> showed upward and downward trends, respectively, as the block size increased. The higher the angularity and geometric asymmetry of the block, the higher was the <em>R</em><sub>t</sub> value. Under low- or high-kinetic-energy conditions, <em>R</em><sub>t</sub> increased or decreased with increasing Schmidt hardness of the block. Considering all the slope materials, <em>R</em><sub>t</sub> increased with an increase in Schmidt hardness. A new index, effective impact surface roughness, was introduced to quantify the roughness level of the slope surface. It exhibited a strong positive correlation with <em>R</em><sub>t</sub> for large values, whereas, for small values, <em>R</em><sub>t</sub> values displayed polarisation. The","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 107871"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study of cone penetration tests to predict effective internal friction angles of cohesive soils","authors":"Wenli Zhang ,&nbsp;Dong Wang ,&nbsp;Jingbin Zheng ,&nbsp;Dengfeng Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cone penetration tests have been employed extensively in both onshore and offshore site investigations to obtain the strength properties of soils. Interpretation of effective internal friction angle <em>φ</em>' becomes complicated for cones in silty clays or clayey silts, since the soil around the advancing cone may be under partially drained conditions. Although there exist several robust methods to estimate <em>φ</em>', the pore pressure at the cone shoulder has to be measured to represent the drainage conditions. Many cone penetrometers in practice are not equipped with a pore pressure transducer. Even for a piezocone, the pore pressure recorded in-situ may be unreliable due to the poorly saturated or clogged filter. These limitations prohibit the application of existing methods. Large deformation finite element analyses were carried out within the formula of effective stress to reproduce the cone penetrations under various drainage conditions. The numerical approach was validated against the existing model tests in centrifuge and chamber, with wide ranges of penetration rates and soil types. A backbone curve is proposed to estimate the normalized cone resistance varying with the normalized penetration rate. Based on the backbone curve, a procedure is developed to predict <em>φ</em>' of cohesive soils under undrained or partially drained conditions, replacing the pore pressure with the normalized penetration rate. The procedure can be used for soils with an overconsolidation ratio no larger than 5.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 107870"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rill erosion in post-seismic watershed – A non-negligible transporting way of fluvial sediment","authors":"Leling Xiao ,&nbsp;Chao Guo ,&nbsp;Jizeng Du ,&nbsp;Hongxi Liu ,&nbsp;Yang Zhou ,&nbsp;Yujun Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mass wasting caused by large-magnitude earthquakes supplies suspended sediment. Landslides and debris flows are commonly considered major transport pathways by which mass wasting is conveyed to streams. However, a contradiction exists in that fluvial sediment remains high years after the earthquake, when landslides and debris flows rarely occur. Our study assumes that water erosion is a major process releasing fine grains and estimate sediment from landslide, debris flow and water erosion. When calculating water erosion, we simulate two states of rill and sheet erosion, respectively. By comparing observed sediments to simulated sheet and rill erosion, our results verify that alteration from sheet to rill erosion is major primary for fine sediment transportation in post-seismic watershed. Changes in the erosion state increase the sediment supply to streams, turn the sediment regime from “supply-limited” to “transport-limited”, and explain the high fluvial sediment amount under well-recovered vegetation conditions in post-seismic watersheds. Water erosion is demonstrated to be as important as debris flows in exporting suspended sediments and is suggested to be included in the mass balance calculations of earthquakes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 107867"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural activity and impact of extreme weather events revealed by ambient seismic noise and perspective on quick clay failure monitoring in Oslo, Norway","authors":"Charlotte Bruland ,&nbsp;Anna Maria Dichiarante ,&nbsp;Andreas Köhler ,&nbsp;Volker Oye ,&nbsp;Ivan Van Bever ,&nbsp;Eric Larose","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study of urban seismic noise offers various approaches to monitor cities, from source identification to structural investigations. We demonstrate its potential to monitor cultural activity and quick clay failure in Oslo, Norway using low-cost seismic sensors. We identify train passages, a rock concert, construction blasts, local earthquakes and a meteor. To retrieve seismic velocity variations in the near subsurface, we apply seismic interferometry to three years of urban noise (1–4 Hz) recorded at four sensors, two in a quick clay risk area. Despite urban noise variability, we obtain stable noise correlation functions using 1-day-stacks. The extracted velocity variations reveal changes in the ground due to freezing and thawing as well as due to pore pressure variations related to snowmelt and rainfall. Along with anti-correlation of velocity variations and pore pressure, we observe hysteresis associated to the soil’s water retention under different moisture conditions, which could provide insights into potential landslide hazard. A sharp velocity drop accompanying the heavy rainfall associated with an extreme weather event is observed. All these observations give us insights to what subsurface changes can be resolved and expected over longer time periods, which will allow us to identify unusual and permanent changes, e.g., related to quick clay. Theoretical dispersion curve analysis shows that lowering the velocity in a section of the sedimentary layer containing quick clay reduces surface wave velocities within the frequency range of interest. These results suggest that measuring velocity variations at our study site has the potential to detect quick clay instabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 107936"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143199011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study on the stiffening properties of scour protection around monopiles for Offshore Wind Turbines","authors":"Carlos Menéndez-Vicente ,&nbsp;Susana López-Querol ,&nbsp;John M. Harris ,&nbsp;Nicholas S. Tavouktsoglou","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An active marine seabed causing scour around monopile foundations has to be addressed as a geological hazard. These structures are often protected with rock armour to prevent foundation failure. However, scour protection also increases the confining pressure and embedment length, providing additional stiffness to the soil–pile system. This study focuses on the stiffening effect of scour protection to optimise foundation design. A parametric analysis of the dimensions and materials of scour protection is carried out with more than 100 simulations to assess the stiffening effect of scour protection. Therefore, small-diameter and large-diameter monopiles are investigated. Numerical analysis with the Finite Element method is conducted to estimate the natural frequencies and the static capacity through moment and lateral load (<span><math><mrow><mi>M</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>H</mi></mrow></math></span>) curves and the Load Utilisation method. These methods, which are new to the study of scour protection, are proposed for the quantification and assessment of scour protection in foundation design. The results show that rock fill restores the initial foundation conditions independently of the pile dimensions. While for small-diameter monopiles, scour protection fulfils its double purpose of preventing scour and providing stiffness to the foundation, for large-diameter monopiles the contribution to the stiffness is limited and should only be considered for heavy rock armour and significant scour protection heights. The parametric analysis indicates that a thicker and heavier scour protection increases the static capacity by 10%, whereas the width or a densification through sand accretion have negligible effects (<span><math><mo>&lt;</mo></math></span>1%). The <span><math><mrow><mi>M</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>H</mi></mrow></math></span> curves and the Load Utilisation method have shown to be effective in assessing the static capacity of monopiles supporting Offshore Wind Turbines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 107835"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D high-density ambient noise imaging of the Nankou-Sunhe buried active fault in Beijing","authors":"Xu Liu ,&nbsp;Ketong Hu ,&nbsp;Rongyi Qian ,&nbsp;Shuai Zhao ,&nbsp;Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianyu Ling ,&nbsp;Zhenning Ma ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Wu ,&nbsp;Yinhu Huang ,&nbsp;Yongqi Meng ,&nbsp;Zhanfei Li ,&nbsp;Dongya Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Nankou-Sunhe fault (NSF) is a vital buried active fault within the Beijing Plain. Investigating the detailed structure of the NSF and the sedimentary structures on both sides is pivotal for urban engineering projects to mitigate geological hazards. Three-dimensional (3D) seismic exploration can provide comprehensive and precise information about subsurface structures, aiding in the identification and characterisation of the spatial geometry, extensional direction, and features of sedimentary structures on both sides of the fault. In this study, we conducted a 3D high-density ambient noise seismic survey covering approximately 40 km² around the NSF. Utilising the Multichannel Analysis of Passive Surface waves (MAPS), we obtained fundamental mode Rayleigh wave phase velocity diagrams in the 0.5–4 Hz range, subsequently inverting them to reveal a 3D shear (<em>S</em>)-wave velocity model extending to a depth of 1 km. The model shows lower velocities in the southwestern region, with shallow S-wave velocities of approximately 400–600 m/s and deep-seated velocities ranging from 1800 to 2000 m/s. The northeastern region is characterised by higher velocities, with shallow S-wave velocities of approximately 900–1200 m/s and deeper velocities reaching 3000–3400 m/s. The NSF is a high angle (50°-70°) normal fault striking northeast and dipping towards the southwest; the dip angle exhibits local variation. An S-wave velocity of 1 km/s was used to estimate sediment thickness on both sides of the fault. The MaChikou Sag (MCKS) on the southwest side of the NSF is approximately 400–600 m thick, while the northeastern JingXi High (JXH) is less than 200 m thick. The NSF was positively correlated with the bedrock surface (1 km/s isovelocity). Moreover, this study ascertained that by employing MAPS with a 200 m station spacing within a complex and noisy urban environment, one can extract accurate fundamental-mode Rayleigh waves, allowing for the subsequent construction of a 3D high-resolution S-wave velocity model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 107862"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of directionality influence on non-Darcian flow in single rock fractures","authors":"Zihao Sun ,&nbsp;Liangchao Zou ,&nbsp;Jia-Qing Zhou ,&nbsp;Liangqing Wang ,&nbsp;Yue Zhu ,&nbsp;Xunwan Yao ,&nbsp;Rui Ke","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Significant differences in non-Darcian flow between different directions (i.e., forward and reverse flow directions) exist in rock fractures, and understanding of these differences holds crucial implications for evaluating and characterizing flow within fractured rocks. This study proposes a directional aperture parameter to quantitatively characterize the differences in flow between different directions. Firstly, a directional aperture parameter capable of quantitatively distinguishing geometric information of fractures in different directions is proposed. Then, 900 sets of linear and nonlinear flow numerical experiments based on 90 rough fractures are conducted. The results reveal that the differences between forward and reverse flow are shown in the nonlinear flow regime, with equal viscous permeability but significant differences in inertial permeability between the two flow directions. The main reason for the differences lies in the variations of aperture along the two flow directions. A dual-parameter model characterizing the inertial permeability is established by using the directional aperture parameter based on the numerical experimental data from the 90 rough fractures. The critical condition where the significant differences between the forward and reverse flow starting to appear are identified. The quantitative characterization of differences in three-dimensional rough fractures between different directional flows is discussed. The findings from this study could be helpful in advancing our understanding of fluid flow behaviors in natural rock fractures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 107947"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143198596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the relationship between seismic noise signals and modeled river flow data: A case study from Sicily, Italy","authors":"Alfio Marco Borzì ,&nbsp;Federico Castiglione ,&nbsp;Mario Valerio Gangemi ,&nbsp;Andrea Cannata ,&nbsp;Luca Cavallaro ,&nbsp;Enrico Foti ,&nbsp;Rosaria Ester Musumeci ,&nbsp;Francesco Panzera","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107872","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107872","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, we analyze and integrate the seismic data recorded by one seismic station installed close to the Cimia River (Gela, Sicily), the rainfall data recorded by the meteorological stations installed within the Gela hydrological basin, and the flow data estimated using a rainfall-runoff model. We take into account two meteorological events characterized by different features in terms of duration, total rainfall, rainfall intensity, and flow rate: an impulsive short-term thunderstorm that occurred on 13th October 2022, and a long-duration perturbation that took place in February 2023 during the quasi-Medicane Helios. In particular, we explore the relationships between seismic noise (in terms of spectral content, root mean square amplitude time series, and polarization features) and meteorological and hydrological parameters (specifically, rain rate, total rainfall, and net rainfall within the basin, as well as the flow rate at a relevant cross-section along the river). The results show that only the long-duration event (i.e., Helios) leaves a mark on the seismic signals and that the time lag obtained between the root mean square amplitude and rain rate time series matches with the catchment's concentration time. These findings show a clear correlation between seismic noise and hydrological parameters, allowing us to retrieve information about flood events using seismic data when traditional river discharge data are unavailable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 107872"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation on the response of ground-reinforced embankments under repeated impact","authors":"Xin Li ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Gao ,&nbsp;Liang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107875","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107875","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ground-reinforced embankment (GRE) is an effective and environmentally friendly technique of rockfall intervention. These earth structures are built with layers of compacted soil alternated with geotextiles, geogrills, metallic wire stripes or nets. GREs are designed to sustain repeated rock impact during their service life, but there is very little experimental or numerical research on the GRE response under such impact conditions. A comprehensive numerical investigation of GRE response under repeated rock impact is carried out. The GRE is built with several layers of sand wrapped by geosynthetics. An advanced elastoplastic constitutive model for sand is adopted. For the GREs built with dense and loose sand, most of the impact energy is dissipated by plastic deformation in the soil. Sand density has a dominant influence on the deformation and failure mechanism of GREs. During repeated impacts, elements near the impact location fail with increasing mean effective stress and Mises stress in dense sand. However, soil elements reach failure as the mean effective stress decreases and the Mises stress increases. There is much less deformation accumulation in GRE when the void ratio is lower as the soil has higher stiffness and shear strength. After multiple impacts, shear bands form in loose sand but strain localisation mainly occurs at the impact point for dense sand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 107875"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards automatic delineation of landslide source and runout","authors":"Kushanav Bhuyan ,&nbsp;Kamal Rana ,&nbsp;Ugur Ozturk ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Nava ,&nbsp;Ascanio Rosi ,&nbsp;Sansar Raj Meena ,&nbsp;Xuanmei Fan ,&nbsp;Mario Floris ,&nbsp;Cees van Westen ,&nbsp;Filippo Catani","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mapping landslide-depleted source areas is pivotal for refining predictive models and volume estimations, yet these critical regions are often conflated with landslide runouts, leading to sub-optimal assessments. The source (or scarp) areas are typically the regions where the actual failure occurs, providing crucial information on the initiation mechanisms and the nature of landslide propagation. Catering to this objective, we built a method based on a landslide’s topology and morphological information to delineate the source and runout margins. We develop and test this method in geomorphologically distinct regions such as Dominica, Turkey, Italy, Nepal, and Japan (Niigata) to showcase the model’s robust adaptive capacity. The model can demarcate the source and runout zones from landslide planforms found in inventories with accuracy deviations under 15%–20%. While distinguishing landslide source and runout areas, the model also considers triggering information and movement types. We also deploy the model in Chile, Japan (Hokkaido), Colombia, Papua New Guinea, and China. In these new regions, we found the mean area of the scarp to be consistently under 30% of the total landslide area. We additionally showcased the application of our model to the area–volume scaling of the coseismic landslides triggered by the 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi Earthquake (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> 6.6) in Japan. Our analysis revealed that area–volume fitting using the landslide source areas instead of the total landslide planforms or polygons improves the linear fit from R<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>=0.49 to R<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>=0.81. Our work could improve diverse landslide analysis, such as hazard and runout models, and facilitate a deeper understanding of landslide behaviour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 107866"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}