Engineering Geology最新文献

{"title":"A digital twin system for long-term slope deformation prediction based on an adaptive updating surrogate model","authors":"Changhao Lyu ,&nbsp;Weiya Xu ,&nbsp;Ke Wang ,&nbsp;Kuichao Jiang ,&nbsp;Haijiang Wang ,&nbsp;Long Yan ,&nbsp;Huanling Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predicting long-term rheological deformation of slopes under complex geological conditions is a major challenge in geotechnical engineering. Digital twin technologies have emerged as an effective solution by integrating numerical models with real-time monitoring for enhanced predictive performance. A key component of digital twins is data assimilation, which enables dynamic parameter updating using observational data. However, repeated calls of high-fidelity numerical models during data assimilation impose a significant computational burden. To address this issue, this study proposes a digital twin-based prediction framework that integrates an adaptive surrogate model with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method for efficient Bayesian updating of rheological parameters. Unlike conventional surrogate models, the proposed adaptive strategy continuously updates the surrogate model in the high posterior density region, enabling real-time calibration and improved alignment with physical behavior. By integrating both continuous monitoring data and high-fidelity simulation results, the framework better embodies the core philosophy of digital twins and progressively approximates real-world conditions. The framework is validated through synthetic cases and applied to the right-bank slope of the Baihetan hydropower station. Results show that elastic parameters converge rapidly due to strong geological constraints, while viscous parameters remain uncertain in structurally complex zones. The adaptive surrogate model successfully captures both initial rapid deformation and long-term creep behavior, closely matching field measurements. This study demonstrates the potential of digital twins with adaptive learning capabilities for reliable and efficient slope deformation prediction in large-scale geotechnical systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 108325"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How do high temperatures affect rock properties? A comprehensive review of experimental thermal effects and underlying mechanisms","authors":"Roberto Tomás ,&nbsp;David Benavente ,&nbsp;Víctor Martínez-Ibáñez ,&nbsp;María Elvira Garrido","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding how rocks behave when exposed to high temperatures is of paramount importance in various geological engineering fields. The effect of temperature in these applications is typically simulated at the laboratory scale to evaluate its impact on both the micro and macro properties of rocks. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on the practical applications, experimental methods, changes in properties, physical and mechanical processes, and the controlling factors in rocks exposed to high temperatures. To this end, a dataset was compiled comprising of 10,000 temperature-property pairs, leading to 1360 temperature-property evolution curves. The review first examines the main motivations behind these studies to identify the practical applications of studying rocks and the thermal effects of temperature. It then highlights the experimental methods, such as heating techniques, temperature gradients, duration of heating, cooling methods, and maximum temperatures, while noting a wide disparity of procedures. Subsequently, laboratory techniques are identified for evaluating the consequences of high temperatures, including visual and microstructural characterization, as well as the assessment of physical, mechanical, thermal, and hydraulic properties of rocks. The evolution of these properties for different rock types is described. Key thermal processes are then discussed, such as chemical reactions and physical changes. Additionally, techniques for estimating microstructural thermal damage and the conditioning factors that control the evolution of rock properties are reviewed. Finally, modelling techniques used to simulate heat transfer, stress-strain distribution, and thermal cracking, as well as the prediction of mechanical properties using numerical methods, particle-based approaches, and artificial intelligence are also reviewed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 108323"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemo-mechanical aging and electrokinetic effects on silica-rich sands","authors":"Miguel Castilla-Barbosa ,&nbsp;Manuel Ocampo-Terreros ,&nbsp;Orlando Rincón","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sands aging significantly influences their shear strength through a combination of mechanical and chemical interactions. While the effects of mechanical aging — such as particle rearrangement and interlocking — are well understood, the contribution of chemical processes remains less explored. This study examines the coupled chemo-mechanical aging mechanisms that govern sand behavior. Through X-ray diffraction and zeta potential analysis, the influence of mineralogical composition and electrokinetic interactions under varying pH conditions is quantified. Unconfined compression tests indicate that electrochemical attraction, particularly in silica-rich environments, enhances compressive strength by up to 3 times over six months. Statistical validation confirms significant strength gains across different sand types, highlighting the role of alkali-silica reactions. This findings challenge conventional predictive models of long-term granular soil behavior, offering a new perspective for geotechnical applications influenced by time dependence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 108307"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure evolution and permeability of fine-grained loess subjected to freeze-thaw cycles","authors":"Chongyang Gao ,&nbsp;Yulin Guo ,&nbsp;Yan Han ,&nbsp;Ling Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focused on the stability analysis of loess slopes within seasonal frozen regions, revealing how clay type and content govern permeability evolution through freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs). By performing mercury intrusion porosimetry and saturated permeability coefficient (<em>K</em>_<em>sat</em>) measurements in two representative fine-grained loess samples with the same void ratio from Changchun (CC) and Xianyang (XY), China, novel findings emerged: (1) Under the coupled effects of initial water content (<em>ω</em>) and FTCs, the two loess types exhibited distinct evolutionary pathways. When <em>ω</em> = 21%, CC loess transitioned smaller pores (0.04–0.4 μm) to larger pores (&gt;0.4 μm) notably after five FTCs, whereas XY loess exhibited a continuous increment of pores &gt;0.4 μm during FTCs. Elevating <em>ω</em> to 24% suppressed the larger-pore transformation in CC loess, but the behavior of XY loess was less relevant to the change in <em>ω</em>. (2) Regional divergence characterizes permeability evolution: CC loess consistently exhibited lower <em>K</em>_<em>sat</em> than XY loess under identical FTCs, by approximately two orders of magnitude. Notably, CC loess required five FTCs to achieve approximate stabilization of permeability, whereas XY loess stabilized after only one cycle. (3) Excluding high-<em>ω</em> (24%) CC loess, the initial <em>ω</em> effects on <em>K</em>ₛₐₜ diminished with prolonged FTCs (beyond 10 cycles). Mechanistically, FTC-induced ice crystallization drove pore expansion [correlation between pores (0.4–4 μm) and <em>K</em>_<em>sat</em>, whereas particle rearrangement reduced hydraulic heterogeneity. These findings establish a mechanistic framework for optimizing linear infrastructure (e.g., railways and pipelines) in cold regions, advocating site-specific FTC susceptibility mapping to mitigate homogenization-induced instability risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 108326"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on hydraulic conductivity reduction for silty sand by enzyme induced calcium carbonate precipitation considering urease activity and cementing solution concentration","authors":"Lei Shi,&nbsp;Liuhui Huo,&nbsp;Jiaming Fang,&nbsp;Xiangchun Xu,&nbsp;Jianwei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined the effects of urease activity and cementing solution concentration on the reduction of hydraulic conductivity in enzyme-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (EICP)-treated silty sand soil. Saturated hydraulic conductivity (<em>K</em>_sat) and induced CaCO₃ mass were utilised to quantify changes in hydraulic conductivity reduction. The mechanisms underlying hydraulic conductivity reduction across varying urease activities and cementing solution concentrations were elucidated from a microscopic perspective through analyses of area, size, and orientation distributions. Key findings include: First, <em>K</em>_sat generally decreased with increasing urease activity, although the rate of decrease diminished at higher activities. The impact of urease activity became negligible when exceeding 23.86 mM·min⁻¹. Second, <em>K</em>_sat exhibited a decreasing trend followed by an increasing trend with varying cementing solution concentrations, with optimal hydraulic conductivity reduction observed at a concentration of 1.0 mol·L⁻¹. Additionally, the induced CaCO₃ mass (<span><math><msub><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>CaCO</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></msub></math></span>) corresponded with the variations in <em>K</em>_sat, highlighting its role as a critical factor in hydraulic conductivity reduction. Moreover, area, size, and orientation distributions significantly influenced variations in hydraulic conductivity reduction. Lastly, the study proposed mechanisms by which urease activity and cementing solution concentration affect hydraulic conductivity reduction. Furthermore, we have compared the relationship between parameter <em>K</em>_sat and <span><math><msub><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>CaCO</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></msub></math></span> with sandy soil in previous studies, suggesting that the EICP technology is promising for fine-grained soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 108316"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to Physical evolution of a bentonite buffer during 18 years of heating and hydration [Engineering Geology (2020) 105408]","authors":"Maria Victoria Villar ,&nbsp;Ruben Javier Iglesias ,&nbsp;Jose Luis Garcia-Sineriz ,&nbsp;Antonio Lloret ,&nbsp;Fernando Huertas","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108281","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 108281"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-parametric 3D conditional DFN modeling for probabilistic stability analysis of rock wedges in open pit mine","authors":"H. Alexan ,&nbsp;M. Bahaaddini ,&nbsp;A. Hekmatnejad ,&nbsp;M.H. Khosravi ,&nbsp;M. Sarmast Sakhvidi ,&nbsp;M. Saadatseresht ,&nbsp;H. Zare ,&nbsp;M. Amiri Hossaini","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mechanical behavior of the rock mass is predominately governed by the presence of discontinuities, especially at surface and near-surface excavations. Given the inherent uncertainty in characterizing the geometrical properties of rock discontinuities, precise and sound simulation of fracture systems becomes crucial for reliably predicting rock mass behavior in engineering geology applications. This paper presents a non-parametric discrete fracture network (DFN) approach to simulate fracture networks within the rock mass, offering an alternative to conventional methods that rely on predefined statistical distributions. The methodology employs bootstrapping techniques to generate a three-dimensional DFN model that better captures the heterogeneity and spatial complexity of natural fracture systems. High-resolution fracture data were collected using unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry, providing the basis for the DFN model development. For fracture size characterization, a non-parametric approach was employed to estimate the cumulative distribution function of fracture diameters from observed trace data, modeling the network as a Poisson point process (disc model). Additionally, the P₃₂ fracture intensity parameter was estimated using direct calculation and sequential Gaussian simulation, allowing the construction of a detailed block model. To demonstrate the practical application of this approach, the methodology was applied to a geological sector of the Golgohar open-pit mine, Iran. The developed model was subsequently utilized to evaluate the mine wall stability through probabilistic kinematic stability analysis. This study demonstrates effectiveness of non-parametric modeling in geomechanical applications, offering an advanced tool for analyzing and predicting rock mass behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 108318"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the landslide failure surface depth and volume: A new spline interpolation method","authors":"Jaspreet Singh,&nbsp;Sergio A. Sepúlveda","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Landslides pose significant risk to the communities and infrastructure, particularly in mountainous regions. Accurate estimation of landslide slip surface depth/geometry and volume of displaced material is crucial for hazard assessment, borehole planning and mitigation strategy. This study presents a novel, cost-effective method based on spline interpolation to estimate the depth of slip surface using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data, especially in areas with limited field data. The method relies on exposed boundary scarps, making it particularly useful for failed slopes with debris cover or well-developed slow-moving landslides where the slip surface is underneath the sliding material. The approach is validated through two case studies in Western Canada, the Hope Slide and the Downie Slide. The results demonstrate that the interpolated slip surface geometry, provided depth estimates and volume distributions that align closely with existing data, with a maximum volume of about 61 million m³ for the Hope Slide and 0.9 billion m³ for the Downie Slide. As the method is iterative, the stopping criteria can be decided on meeting a certain slope angle, depth or volume depending on the requirements. Further, the algorithm is flexible to include any additional data related to the slip surface in form of 3D exposure planes or 1D borehole depths. This was tested on the case studies by providing additional data and showing improved results on estimating the final slip surface geometry. Beyond landslides analysis the method can be applied for topographic corrections and removing deposited material from other surface processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 108319"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible slope displacement models for probabilistic seismic landslide hazard assessment incorporating near-fault ground-motion velocity pulse and directionality","authors":"Mao-Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Gang Wang ,&nbsp;Andy Yat Fai Leung ,&nbsp;Dian-Qing Li ,&nbsp;Siyuan Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ground-motion characteristics and the dynamic response of slopes are important factors contributing to earthquake-induced landslides. In near-fault regions, seismic landslide displacement analyses are often simplified using Newmark rigid-block models and directionally-averaged displacement indices. Some prior studies developed near-fault slope displacement models for the strong-motion velocity-pulse direction. However, it remains unclear how ground-motion pulses and directionality affect the dynamic slope response in sliding displacement analyses. In this study, a probabilistic framework is presented for regional seismic landslide hazard assessment by incorporating near-fault ground-motion pulse and directionality effects. The framework generates slope displacement hazard curves through convolution of seismic hazard with flexible-slope displacement models, which are developed to statistically characterize the maximum (<em>D</em>₁₀₀) and median (<em>D</em>₅₀) slope displacements over horizontal orientations under near-fault pulse-like and non-pulse-like ground motions based on over 35 million nonlinear coupled sliding analyses. Pulse-like motions generally yield larger amplitude and stronger polarization of slope displacements than non-pulse-like motions. Strong-motion pulses and <em>D</em>₁₀₀ are likely to occur within ±45° of fault-normal direction, while slope displacements in the fault-normal direction or the strongest-pulse direction could be significantly (over 25 %) smaller than <em>D</em>₁₀₀. The new displacement models reduce predction errors by more than 30 % compared with existing models. A hypothetical example and a real case of landslides triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake are used to illustrate the proposed framework. Compared with the traditional rigid-block analysis, an appropriate selection of <em>D</em>₁₀₀ and <em>D</em>₅₀ from the proposed flexible-slope models in regional analysis achieves better consistency with the observed landslide distribution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 108313"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An improved quick predictive model for earthquake-induced landslide movement based on energy conservation: A case study","authors":"Yingbin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yansong Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Li ,&nbsp;Xiao Cheng ,&nbsp;Dejian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Landslides triggered by near-fault ground motions generally result in heavy casualties, large economic losses and severe ecological damage. Evaluating and predicting the characteristics of landslide movement while considering near-fault ground motion is crucial for disaster prevention and reduction. An improved quick predictive model for earthquake-induced landslide movement (ELQA) was constructed on the basis of energy conservation. The velocity of the centroid was taken as the control value, and an empirical formula for the strength degradation of the slide mass was used. Dynamic coordination between movement characteristics and strength degradation was achieved. In addition, taking the Donghekou landslide and the unstable Outang slope as examples, the improved model was used to analyze the high-speed, long-runout movement mechanism of the landslide and predict unstable slope movement. The results revealed that the Donghekou slope remained stable during the initial stage of an earthquake and then became unstable after approximately 6 s of ground motion. It rapidly moved at a maximum velocity of 50 m/s, with the movement distance exceeding 2500 m. The movement process of the Outang slope lasted approximately 60 s. The back edge of the landslide essentially did not move, whereas the moving part of the sliding mass always maintained a certain integrity. The peak velocity of the landslide exceeded 40 m/s, causing it to move rapidly over a considerable distance, endangering the residential buildings on the opposite bank. The results offer effective suggestions for disaster prevention and reduction related to production and living in earthquake-prone areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 108309"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}