Engineering Geology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of soda residue on Skeleton formation and strength development in soil stabilization","authors":"Wei Wei ,&nbsp;Yongjie Ding ,&nbsp;Haoming Wang ,&nbsp;Xinxin Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soda residue, a common industrial by-product, poses risks of land-use conflict and environmental contamination when stockpiled. This study evaluates its potential use in three stabilized soil systems: cement–slag red clay, gray sandy soil, and yellow silt soil, together with their alkali-activated variants. Macro-mechanical tests and microstructural analyses were conducted to clarify its effects on hydration and skeleton development. SEM and XRD results show that soda residue promotes the synergistic formation of C-S-H gel and AFt, producing four distinct skeletal contact types. Mechanical tests indicate that adding 15 % soda residue increased the 28-day compressive strength of gray sandy soil by 9.7 % and alkali-activated yellow silt soil by 28.5 %, but reduced that of red clay by 19.6 %. Drying shrinkage tests showed marked reductions in red clay and yellow silt soil. Freeze–thaw tests further demonstrated that soda residue enhanced durability in coarse-textured soils, whereas fine-grained red clay exhibited relatively lower resistance. Mechanistic analysis suggests that soda residue stabilizes soils by adjusting pH, accelerating hydration, and improving skeleton continuity and interfacial bonding. These findings indicate the potential feasibility of using soda residue to stabilize weak soils and may provide theoretical support for developing sustainable stabilization materials in geotechnical and infrastructure engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 108518"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145813830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water-sand mixture inrush in underground pathways: Risk factors and mitigation strategies","authors":"Jinxi Liang ,&nbsp;Wanghua Sui ,&nbsp;Ming Ye ,&nbsp;Sara Kasmaeeyazdi ,&nbsp;Francesco Tinti","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water-sand mixture inrush (WSMI) events pose severe threats to mining safety, infrastructure stability, and subsurface operations. This study first develops a pathway loss model to integrate frictional and expansion-induced hydraulic head losses, and then applies the Sobol-based global sensitivity analysis (GSA) to the model to evaluate WSMI risk for the following two scenarios: (1) direct pathway-induced WSMI (with short, gravity-driven pathways) and (2) indirect or combined pathway-induced WSMI (with long, complex, pressure-driven pathways). For the two scenarios, GSA identifies fluid velocity as the dominant parameter, with pathway expansion loss governing direct inrush and friction loss dominating indirect inrush. Hydraulic head loss is markedly higher in the indirect inrush scenario than in the direct inrush scenario. Accordingly, tailored mitigation strategies are developed. For the direct inrush scenario (simple pathways), the priority is to cut off the energy conversion chain; for indirect inrush scenario (complex pathways), the focus is on dissipating excess energy. These findings advance the mechanistic understanding of WSMI and offer scenario-specific guidance for hazard control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 108510"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145753363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fracture evolution and differential mechanical response of surrounding rock in deep tunnel excavation: A case study under complex geological conditions","authors":"Xiaojun Yu ,&nbsp;Xizhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Xia-Ting Feng ,&nbsp;Feiyan Wang ,&nbsp;Ming Shi ,&nbsp;Chengxiang Yang ,&nbsp;Huanzhen Luo ,&nbsp;Yaping Yang ,&nbsp;Yushan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the intensification of deep mineral extraction, deep tunnels increasingly suffer from large deformations due to high in-situ stress, complex geology, and multi-field coupling, rendering traditional support systems ineffective. Taking the 790 m-level tunnel of Jinchuan Mine as a case study, this research investigates the fracture evolution mechanisms of surrounding rock in deep tunnels under complex geological conditions. An innovative “ahead-lag complementary monitoring network” was established, integrating borehole television (BTV), multipoint extensometers, and hollow inclusion strain gauges to systematically capture fracture responses in three typical rock types: intact hard rock, mosaic-fragmented rock, and fault zones. Results show that pre-existing fractures begin to reactivate approximately 1.6D ahead of the tunnel face (where D is the tunnel span) and stabilize at a depth of ∼5 m, exceeding the effective anchorage range of standard bolt support. New fractures initiate within ±0.4D of the face and extend ∼2 m. Fracture propagation is strongly influenced by the spatial distribution of adverse geological structures. Based on these findings, differentiated support strategies are proposed: conventional support for intact rock; pre-grouting +5 m deep self-expanding bolts + grouting for mosaic-fragmented rock; and double-layer support + deep reinforcement for fault zones. This study clarifies the progressive failure process in deep tunnels and provides a theoretical and practical basis for controlling large deformations under complex geological conditions. This work establishes a comprehensive framework linking excavation-induced stress redistribution to fracture evolution across multiple rock types, offering new insights and practical strategies for large-deformation control in deep, complex geological environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 108534"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145893631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic characterization of rock blocks in jointed exposures using 3D point clouds","authors":"Mingming Ren ,&nbsp;Yuxiang Ding ,&nbsp;Jie Hu ,&nbsp;Wentao Wang ,&nbsp;Gang Ma ,&nbsp;Manchao He","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops an automated framework for extracting rock mass structural information from point cloud data, including discontinuity orientations, traces, surface areas, and block volumes. The workflow comprises three main modules: (1) discontinuity segmentation, (2) identification of co-block discontinuities, and (3) geometric reconstruction of blocks. A growth algorithm based on orientation buckets and depth-first search (DFS) is implemented to aggregate planar segments with similar orientations. A vertex interpolation procedure is further employed to refine block boundaries using geometric relationships between adjacent discontinuities. The method is applied to a highway slope dataset to evaluate its performance. The results show that the reconstructed blocks accurately represent field-observed structures, and the extracted parameters, such as block size, location, and stability indicators-can be quantitatively used for rockfall source analysis and engineering assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 108522"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145845302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full-waveform CNN–transformer neural network for regional coseismic landslide susceptibility modeling: A case study of the 2022 Luding earthquake, China","authors":"Xiaolong Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuai Huang ,&nbsp;Binghai Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Earthquake-induced landslides are among the most common and destructive geological hazards in mountainous regions, posing significant threats to infrastructure, safety, and property. Traditional landslide susceptibility models primarily rely on simplified seismic intensity metrics, such as Peak Ground Acceleration, Velocity, or Arias intensity, which fail to capture the full time-frequency structure and duration effects of seismic motion, limiting both predictive accuracy and explainability. To address these limitations, this study proposes a novel approach for regional coseismic landslide susceptibility modeling that integrates full-waveform seismic data reconstruction with a hybrid Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)–Transformer deep learning model. The method involves a waveform reconstruction process for regions with sparse seismic data, utilizing waveform standardization, spectral decomposition, spatial interpolation, and group velocity constraints to synthesize three-component ground motion time histories with a frequency bandwidth of up to 25 Hz. A CNN-Transformer hybrid model is then employed to jointly analyze the reconstructed seismic waveforms and static environmental factors, such as topographic slope and lithology, enabling high-resolution spatial predictions of coseismic landslide susceptibility. Using the 2022 Luding earthquake as a case study, experimental results show that the integrated model significantly outperforms traditional models, achieving an AUC of 0.982 and an F1-score of 0.957, compared to 0.756 and 0.805 for the traditional model. Gradient-based explainability analysis reveals that the model focuses on the mainshock period within ±10 s of peak ground displacement (PGD) in regions with consistent predictions, while in areas with divergent predictions, it relies on tail waves, multi-phase shaking, and sustained seismic motion features, which are often missed by peak-based metrics. This study advances landslide susceptibility modeling by integrating full-waveform seismic data with static environmental factors, providing a more accurate and explainable framework for predicting coseismic landslide susceptibility. The approach offers significant potential for improving engineering applications and enabling cross-regional deployment in future seismic hazard assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 108520"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the relationship between post-fire ground deformation and debris flow activity influenced by lithological heterogeneity: Insights from a comparative analysis in southwestern China","authors":"Yonghao Zhou ,&nbsp;Xueqiang Gong ,&nbsp;Xiewen Hu ,&nbsp;Kun He ,&nbsp;Jiangkun Rong ,&nbsp;Ruichen Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Hengduan Mountains of China are characterized by strong tectonism and complex geomorphic environments, resulting in pronounced variability in post-fire debris-flow processes across different lithologies. Despite this heterogeneity, few studies have systematically examined lithology-controlled variability, particularly regarding the long-term spatiotemporal evolution of post-fire debris flows. This study investigates three fire-affected sites—Muli, Xichang, and Zhongba—that share similar geographic settings and synchronous fire timing but differ markedly in lithology. Field surveys, UAV photogrammetry, and SBAS-InSAR were were jointly employed to quantitatively assess pre- and post-fire ground deformation and hillslope erosion across these contrasting lithological settings. Results demonstrate distinct contrasts in debris-flow activity and hillslope deformation among the three sites, revealing the mechanisms that govern long-term debris-flow evolution. The Muli site, underlain by metamorphic rock, exhibited the most frequent and intense post-fire debris flows, far exceeding those in Xichang and Zhongba. Post-fire hillslope erosion in Muli increased to 4–18 times pre-fire levels, and accelerated deformation zones (DADZs) developed along both channel banks with evident erosional features. In contrast, Xichang and Zhongba showed no significant increases in erosion or deformation. These findings indicate that slope structural configurations shaped by lithological and geomorphic factors exert a dominant control on sediment transport efficiency and debris availability, and in turn govern post-fire erosional and deformational processes. In Muli, enhanced post-fire erosion and DADZ development sustain long-term debris-flow activity, with the deformational response of the metamorphic terrain providing a continuous sediment supply. This study advances understanding of lithology-controlled variability in post-fire debris-flow dynamics and offers valuable insights for hazard mitigation in the Hengduan Mountains and similar high-relief regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 108519"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145823487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Earthquake-triggered landslide susceptibility modeling based on fault geometry","authors":"Yigen Qin,&nbsp;Dongli Zhang,&nbsp;Wenjun Zheng,&nbsp;Xinyuan Chen,&nbsp;Xin Sun,&nbsp;Zhikang Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The geometric configurations and kinematic behavior of seismogenic faults fundamentally govern the spatial distribution of earthquake-triggered landslides, where quantifying their mechanisms dominating occurrence probability poses a core challenge for advancing predictive accuracy. Focusing on the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake and its main rupture zone (Beichuan–Yingxiu Fault), a thrust–strike–slip structure exhibiting along-strike dip variations ranging from ∼43° in the south to near-vertical in the north, this study establishes a probabilistic framework integrating fault geometry with five controlling factors, including distance to fault, peak ground acceleration (PGA), slope, local relief, and lithology, using a comprehensive EQTL inventory. Using multivariate nonlinear regression (MNR) and random forest (RF) modeling, we elucidate the fault dip's regulatory role in earthquake-triggered mechanisms. Key findings indicate that low-dip faults (43°–53°) drive concentrated hanging-wall landslides, characterized by PGA saturation &gt; 0.5 g, high sensitivity to slopes &gt;30°, and abrupt acceleration beyond 500 m relief; conversely, high-dip faults (59°–89°) exhibit bilaterally symmetric distributions with PGA triggering at 0.2 g, pronounced slope sensitivity &gt;20°, and peak probability at 500–1000 m relief followed by post-peak decline. Factor importance analysis confirms distance to fault and PGA as primary predictors; however, their influence is dynamically modulated by dip angle. The RF model outperforms MNR (AUC &gt;0.90 versus MNR's high-dip AUC = 0.728). Blind testing with the 2013 Lushan earthquake (thrust-type) and 2017 Jiuzhaigou earthquake (strike-slip) confirms the model captures hanging-wall concentration and bilateral symmetric distributions, demonstrating cross-fault adaptability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 108539"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145893885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of plant roots on debris-flow bed erosion in laboratory experiments","authors":"Anna J. van den Broek,&nbsp;Dagmar T. Mennes,&nbsp;Maarten G. Kleinhans,&nbsp;Lonneke Roelofs,&nbsp;Jana Eichel,&nbsp;Daniel Draebing,&nbsp;Tjalling de Haas","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Debris flows often increase in size due to bed erosion and entrainment, enhancing their hazardous potential. However, the effects of plant rooting on debris-flow erosion on ubiquitous vegetated slopes remain unknown, which hinders debris-flow hazard assessment. Here, we investigated the effects of roots on debris-flow bed erosion using scaled experiments in a 5 m long, 0.3 m wide laboratory flume with an erodible bed. Roots of fast-growing <em>Sorghum bicolor</em> (Sudan grass) seedlings were used as proxies for tree roots to quantify the effect of varying rooting characteristics on erosion. Our results indicate that erosion decreases non-linearly with increasing Root Length Density (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>L</mi><mi>D</mi></mrow></math></span>) and Root Area Ratio (<span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>R</mi></mrow></math></span>). Increases in either parameter enhance root–soil contact, thereby improving soil stability and reducing erosion. Among the two, <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>L</mi><mi>D</mi></mrow></math></span>, and thus the combined effect of root length and root density, appears most influential, as <span><math><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>R</mi></mrow></math></span> does not capture the three-dimensional structure of the root system. Our experimental results suggest that increasing root-soil contact at the debris-flow bed reduces erosion, decreasing or even preventing debris-flow volume growth. These findings imply that alterations in vegetation characteristics, such as those resulting from forest fires or reforestation, affect debris-flow erosion and open up possibilities for biogeomorphic scale experiments for slope processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 108513"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145902892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-SiO₂ modified microbial-induced carbonate precipitation: Application in altered rock fracture zone reinforcement and strengthening mechanism","authors":"He-rui Zhao ,&nbsp;Quan Jiang ,&nbsp;Yong Xia ,&nbsp;Dong-qi Hou ,&nbsp;Ding-ping Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) represents a highly promising biogrouting approach for ground improvement. Most research efforts have been concentrated on the application of MICP in treating soil. In contrast, research about the application of MICP in altered rock fracture zone is limited. Moreover, nano-SiO₂ (NS), a common additive, has been little research on assisting MICP. In this study, the strengthening effect of NS on the MICP for reinforcing the altered rock fracture zone was studied. The mechanical strength tests and microstructural analysis were carried out. The results showed that after adding NS, the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), cohesion, and friction angle were all higher than those of non-NS added groups. The maximum UCS, cohesion, and friction angle occurred when the NS concentration was 10 mg/L. Their maximum values were 3.46 MPa, 380.7 kPa, and 32.66°, respectively, representing increases of 190 %, 113 %, and 33 % compared to the non-NS added groups. After MICP treatment, due to the releasing <span><math><msup><mi>Mg</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> from chlorite and illite, the original structure of the altered rock particles is damaged, and the cohesion is significantly decreased. The addition of NS can significantly compensate for the weakening effect of MICP on the cohesion. In XRD (X-ray diffraction) and SEM (scanning electron microscope) analysis, silicate gel phases were observed. These gels work in tandem with calcium carbonate precipitation to further enhance the mechanical properties. Meanwhile, the adsorption and nucleation effect of NS can regulate the calcium ion concentration in the environment, provide new nucleation sites for <span><math><mi>CaC</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math></span>, thereby promoting the accumulation and precipitation of <span><math><mi>CaC</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></math></span> and further enhancing the strength of the altered rock fracture zone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 108531"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145881860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forecasting seismic rockfalls through a fragility–antifragility and topographic–anisotropic framework: The 2022 Ms. 6.1 Lushan earthquake","authors":"Yonghong Luo ,&nbsp;Gerardo Grelle ,&nbsp;Qiang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Landslide hazard in seismically active mountainous regions is a dynamic variable influenced not only by seismic intensity but also by the structural setting of slopes and by the modes of energy release from seismic sources. It is further conditioned by the spatial distribution of past slope instabilities recorded in the region's seismic history. This study thoroughly explores this complex interaction, proposing a novel framework for near-real-time forecasting of rockfall hazard, tested on the 2022 Ms. 6.1 Lushan earthquake. The approach integrates seismic anisotropies in wave propagation and polarization with topographic amplification and introduces a new conceptual model of pre-induced resilience, emerging from the interplay between fragility and antifragility as phenomena controlling residual resilience. Back-analysis of observed rockfalls, avalanches, and flows distributions reveals that sectors previously affected by slope instabilities, particularly following the 2013 Ms. 7.0 event, exhibit signs of induced antifragility, which in some cases has limited or even prevented the triggering of new failures during the 2022 event. In contrast, areas with fault-parallel slope orientations and transverse topographic amplification display a significant concentration of large-scale failures, especially where long-wavelength seismic loads interact with deep fractured zones. These findings underscore the key role of dynamic shear transmission and structural slope conditions in modulating landslide hazard. The proposed framework offers a physics-based, scalable method for forecasting slope failures in seismically active mountain regions, with strong implications for early warning systems and risk mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 108533"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145845301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}