Engineering Geology最新文献

{"title":"Spatial multi criteria analysis of ground conditions in early stages railway planning using analytical hierarchy process applied to viaduct-type rail in Southern Sweden.","authors":"Joakim Robygd ,&nbsp;Lars Harrie ,&nbsp;Tina Martin","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study applies a spatial multi-criteria analysis to assess ground suitability for pier-supported viaduct railways using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). By integrating expert judgments, the analysis evaluates six key geotechnical categories—soil type, soil depth, rock type, slope, wetness index, and groundwater occurrence—to map ground suitability. Three weight normalisation methods were tested to explore how different normalisation approaches affect the resulting suitability assessments. The results reveal significant variations in suitability maps, highlighting how different expert weighting strategies can influence decision-making during early-stage railway planning. Uncertainty maps were generated and used to identify areas requiring further investigation. The methodology is applied to an area in Southern Sweden, between the cities of Lund and Hässleholm to compare the weighting strategies over a relevant and geologically diverse area. A practical application comparing foundation types along identified routes showed that AHP-guided pathfinding achieved a clear preference for ground conditions suitable for non-piled foundations compared to a reference line. The method provides a systematic framework for preliminary geotechnical evaluations in railway planning, enabling more focused site investigations and supporting industrialized construction approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 107962"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dynamic earthflow model","authors":"Shiva P. Pudasaini ,&nbsp;Martin Mergili","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Earthflows are landslide processes characterized by the viscous movement of predominantly fine-grained and often water-saturated material down a slope or gully. They occur at a broad range of velocities, but generally do not display extremely rapid movement (such as debris flows, snow avalanches, or rock avalanches). Examples include the Gschliefgraben earthflow in the Austrian Alps and the Chirleşti earthflow in the Romanian Carpathians. Although earthflows are common mass movement processes, they have not received the same attention as extremely rapid flows when it comes to the development of dynamic simulation models. Here, we present a novel mechanical model and dynamical solution technique for earthflows. We develop a strategy of balancing the flux, viscous, and other forces. Our model essentially employs the flux-controller, viscosity-controller, and the deformation-controller. Within a single unified frame, we can now simulate a broad range of earthflows for different viscous, plastic, or visco-plastic behaviours and any degree of mechanically controlled deformation over a wide spectrum of time scales. We demonstrate the performance of the new earthflow model and its applicability with the advanced open-source computational mass flow simulation tool r.avaflow. Simulated earthflow deformation and motion are very smooth, typical of a hugely viscous material, as it is anticipated for earthflows as commonly observed for real-world events. As expected, the motion and deformation are exceptionally sensitive to the changes in the viscosity of the earthflow.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 107959"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143641856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pore-scale investigation of water-CO2-oil flow in shale fractures for enhanced displacement efficiency and CO2 sequestration","authors":"Xiangjie Qin ,&nbsp;Han Wang ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Xia ,&nbsp;Xinghe Jiao ,&nbsp;Gang Wang ,&nbsp;Jianchao Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107969","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107969","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CO₂ geological sequestration plays an important role in energy and environmental sustainability. However, CO₂ channeling through fracture networks in shale reservoirs reduces sequestration efficiency. Injecting CO₂ followed by water flooding, driven by capillary forces, can suppress CO₂ channeling and enhance sequestration. This work establishes pore-scale models for CO₂-oil and water-CO₂-oil flows within three-dimensional shale fractures to explain this underlying mechanism. The volume of fluid method is employed to integrate the immiscible flow between water and a mixture fluid comprising CO₂ and oil, wherein the interaction between CO₂ and oil remains miscible and is governed by molecular convection-diffusion. The effects of contact angle, injection rate, and CO₂ volume on displacement are analyzed. The results show that high injection rates of CO₂ enhance the mass transfer between CO₂ and oil components, with the injection rate positively correlating with displacement efficiency. Water flooding following CO₂ injection suppresses CO₂ channeling attributable to capillary effects, resulting in an approximately 20 % enhancement in oil recovery compared to CO₂ flooding. Although a substantial volume of CO₂ reduces displacement pressure, it leads to a premature breakthrough. An increase in contact angle results in a large amount of mixture fluid being trapped in blind-end pores, corresponding to unsatisfactory displacement effects. Nonetheless, an increased water injection rate augments the contact between the water and the mixture fluid, facilitating CO₂ dissolution. This results in a gradual decline in outlet mass flow and enhancements in oil recovery and CO₂ sequestration efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 107969"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143446024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of engineering geological environment on sensor-enabled piezoelectric geocable (SPGC) monitoring performance—Accelerated aging test","authors":"Yuanqiang Cai ,&nbsp;Haokang Ying ,&nbsp;Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Hongtao Fu ,&nbsp;Zhiming Liu ,&nbsp;Junfeng Ni ,&nbsp;Ziyang Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geotechnical deformation monitoring is of great significance for characterizing and understanding the evolution law of geological hazards. In recent years, distributed Sensor-enabled piezoelectric geocable (SPGC) have shown great application potential due to their advantages of wide strain measurement, high sensitivity, and low cost. However, as a distributed monitoring method for the entire lifecycle, SPGC faces significant challenges in terms of durability and data stability. To this end, accelerated aging tests were performed on the SPGC, including acid–base corrosion, ultraviolet radiation, and thermal oxidation, to explore the mechanical and electrical properties of the SPGC. The test results show that the daily static normalized impedance continues to increase with increasing age and tends to be stable after reaching the threshold, showing an exponential function relationship. After aging, the physical and mechanical properties of the SPGC exhibit different degrees of loss, showing a rapid declining trend initially, which gradually becomes slow; the percentage loss is more than 80 %, which satisfies the requirements of more than 50 % of the standard. The impedance–strain curve, normalized impedance threshold, and characteristic point voltage changed the most in the first 14 d. Among these, thermal oxidation and ultraviolet radiation had the greatest influence on the SPGC monitoring performance. Considering the applications of SPGC in different monitoring environments and periods, a normalized impedance compensation model (initial 6 % strain) is proposed in this study considering the engineering geological environment and time. The maximum average error was 9.28 %. The research findings confirm the feasibility of applying SPGC for monitoring geotechnical deformations throughout the entire lifecycle of engineering projects. It highlights the importance of effective data calibration and processing during the monitoring process to improve both the accuracy of the measurements and the reliability of the results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 107970"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rockfalls trajectography: 3D models predictive capability assessment and coefficients calibration using optimization-based processes","authors":"Fantin Raibaut ,&nbsp;Olivier Ivanez ,&nbsp;Cyril Douthe ,&nbsp;Benjamin Barry","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a method for assessing the predictive capability of three-dimensional (3D) trajectographic simulation models by back-analysis of real rockfall events. Relying on the Optimal Transport theory, we measure the difference between observed and simulated rock stop points distributions with the Wasserstein distance: this metric can be seen as a measure of the mean distance between observed an simulated stop points. We use the Wasserstein distance as a cost function in a Black Box optimization algorithm to calibrate soil restitution and energy dissipation coefficients. We test our methodology with the RocPro3D software to simulate a man-triggered boulder detachment, for which the final position of fragmented rocks is known. The calibrated simulation parameters enabled a 25% decrease in the mean prediction error.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 107937"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-local μ(I) rheology improves landslide deposition modeling in MLS-MPM simulations","authors":"Shuxi Zhao ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Gianvito Scaringi ,&nbsp;Xinpo Li ,&nbsp;Siming He ,&nbsp;Gang He ,&nbsp;Lei Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gaining insights into landslide deposits form can help achieve a better understanding of the overall landslide dynamics. Previous studies have focused on understanding global characteristics of the runout process and final deposit, without attempting to comprehend the deposition process and the underlying mechanisms. Here, we employed a combination of flume experiments and numerical simulations based on the material point method (MPM) to investigate the influence of friction on the characteristics of rock avalanche deposits and gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved. MPM simulations have generally relied on simple soil constitutive models, which cannot capture the rate-, pressure-, and size-dependent characteristics of geomaterials. Thus, we adopted a viscoplastic non-local μ(I) rheology model, which has been proven to be able to reproduce depositional characteristics with high accuracy. We identified two stages during deposition, namely a translational stage, primarily influenced by the basal frictional resistance, and a subsequent impact shear stage, governed by the internal frictional resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 107963"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms driving pathway-opening migration of gas in marine clayey sediments","authors":"Si-Liu Wang ,&nbsp;De-Qiong Kong ,&nbsp;Jun-Hong Tan ,&nbsp;Yuan Chen ,&nbsp;Bin Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The occurrence of hydrocarbon gases in marine sediments is prevalent worldwide. Their leakage into the atmosphere is recognized as a significant contributor to global warming. However, the mechanism by which these gases invade overlying sediments and the conditions under which gas presence in the seabed becomes unsustainable remain poorly understood. Here we present an analysis procedure that for the first time captures the entire process of initial gas invasion, cavity/bubble growth and upward rise in low-permeability marine sediment. Attention has been paid to the effect of water depth, sediment thickness and strength profile on gas migration patterns, in an attempt to derive thresholds of gas pressure necessary to facilitate initial invasion and gas quantity adequate for upward migration. Discussions are made in regard to gas migration-induced formation of submarine geological structures and the potential of hydrocarbon gas leakage. These findings advance understanding of the mechanisms governing gas migration in marine environments and their broader implications for submarine geology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 107965"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determining representative elementary volume for hydraulic conductivity of fractured rock masses: Comparative analytical and numerical studies","authors":"Tai-Sheng Liou ,&nbsp;Jia-Jing Lin ,&nbsp;Po-Kai Chen ,&nbsp;En-Chao Yeh ,&nbsp;Fu-Shu Jeng ,&nbsp;Tai-Tien Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In rock engineering, hydraulic properties are typically estimated by investigating and analyzing the spatial distribution and mechanical characteristics of fractures, which is supplemented by a surface geological survey and limited in situ hydrogeological tests. However, these approaches face challenges owing to considerable scale effects in fracture distribution and geometric parameters, as well as variability in hydraulic test results across different scales. To address these issues, herein, we develop a method to reliably evaluate the representative hydraulic conductivity of in situ fractured rock masses through quantifying the impacts of influencing factors. Using the Heshe hydrogeological test site as a case study, the research extends the crack tensor theory and compares the findings with numerical analyses based on a discrete fracture network. Results indicate that a consistent representative elementary volume with a size of 16 m was identified for the Heshe well test site, despite the approach used. Additionally, this study highlights the notable impacts of aperture distribution on hydraulic conductivity evaluation, underscoring the importance of site-specific investigations and detailed analysis. Investigation scale considerably influences the variability of hydraulic conductivity, with a positive relation between fracture aperture and trace length that must be carefully considered for accurate assessments. Finally, a comprehensive field assessment method for hydraulic characteristics of fractured rock masses is proposed. The analytical approach allows for a rapid preliminary assessment of representative elementary volume; however, the precise modeling of hydraulic conductivity and seepage direction requires further hydrogeological tests. Meanwhile, the numerical approach, though more time consuming, provides detailed and proper assessments. Overall, the assessment methodology developed in this study offers a feasible and robust approach for hydrogeological investigations in engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 107966"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using barometric response functions to estimate unconfined aquifer permeability changes caused by landslide: A case study in southwest China","authors":"Zixuan Qin ,&nbsp;Jian Guo ,&nbsp;Carlos H. Maldaner ,&nbsp;Kenley Bairos ,&nbsp;Qiang Xu ,&nbsp;John A. Cherry ,&nbsp;Beth L. Parker","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The formation and deformation of landslides lead to continuous variations in the stress-strain state of surrounding rock masses, consequently triggering alterations in aquifer properties. Continuously measuring landslide permeability is challenging, particularly in assessing aquifer properties without human disturbance under natural landslide-induced loads. In this study, continuous measurements of water levels were recorded in a multi-level well within the Kualiangzi landslide area, along with onsite logging of barometric pressures. Barometric response functions were then utilized to estimate the vertical pneumatic diffusivity of the unsaturated zone and the vertical hydraulic diffusivity of the unconfined aquifer for different time periods during the landslide. Slug tests were also conducted to verify permeability changes in the aquifer. Results indicated that in both the unsaturated zone and unconfined aquifer, permeability first increased and then decreased, ultimately doubling and rising 2.3 times, respectively, compared to initial values. The use of barometric response functions represents a novel approach for estimating permeability changes in landslide zones. Due to its cost-effectiveness and convenience, this method proves to be a favorable choice for detecting permeability changes in unconfined aquifers above the sliding surface. It contributes to providing further insights into landslide research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 107950"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the frost cracking mechanism and the related shallow alpine rockfall initiation process using three-dimensional FDEM","authors":"Lei Sun ,&nbsp;Giovanni Grasselli ,&nbsp;Quansheng Liu ,&nbsp;Kareem R. Aboayanah ,&nbsp;Shibing Huang ,&nbsp;Xuhai Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frost weathering plays a critical role in rockwall instability in alpine environments. This paper offers a new insight into the shallow alpine rockfall mechanism from the frost cracking perspective. A numerical framework based on the three-dimensional (3D) combined finite discrete element method (FDEM) is developed to simulate the cryogenic thermal-mechanical coupled processes in cold regions (e.g., water-ice phase change, ice-rock interaction, and frost cracking). Specifically, a new volume expansion model is introduced, allowing for explicit ice-rock interaction in pre-existing cracks while implicit frost heaving pressure in pores or newly generated cracks, to improve numerical efficiency and stability. This framework is validated against benchmark tests and further applied to explore the shallow alpine rockfall mechanism under repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Results suggest that the proposed method effectively simulates temperature field evolution and frost cracking process in cold regions. Frost crack initiation, propagation, and connection with pre-existing cracks, driven by ice-rock interaction in cold seasons, deteriorate structure stability and prepare/trigger shallow rockfall. This study enriches the shallow rockfall mechanism from fracture mechanics standpoint, which is essential for assessing, predicting, and mitigating rockfall activity, particularly in the context of global climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 107960"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}