Engineering Geology最新文献

{"title":"A coupled probabilistic site characterization method for estimating soil stratification and spatial variability using multiple-source site investigation data","authors":"Xueyou Li ,&nbsp;Yongxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiwen Li ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Probabilistic site characterizations, which primarily involve delineating soil stratification and assessing the spatial variability of soil properties, is crucial for geotechnical reliability analysis and risk assessment. Geotechnical site investigation typically produces sparse, multiple-source and multiple-type data. However, most current site characterization methods can only handle a single type of data such as cone penetration test (CPT) data and address the stratification uncertainty and the spatial variability of soil properties separately. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes a coupled probabilistic site characterization method that integrates the Markov random field and Gibbs sampler methods to simultaneously quantify both types of uncertainties. The Markov random field (MRF) is used to estimate the distribution of the soil stratification while the Gibbs sampler is used to construct the probability density function (PDF) of soil properties for each soil stratum. The Bayesian method is employed to account for the interaction between soil stratification and the spatial variability of soil properties. The proposed method is demonstrated through application to a virtual site and a real project site in Hong Kong. Results show that the proposed method effectively leverages limited multi-source site investigation data, considering the interactions between stratigraphic uncertainty and the spatial variability of soil properties. It delivers higher prediction accuracy of soil stratification compared to the Markov random field alone and models the spatial variability of soil properties more effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 108024"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-Supported probabilistic steady-state and transient seepage analysis of an embankment dam with clay core: A case study on Büyükcekmece Dam","authors":"Arife Günay ,&nbsp;Sami Oguzhan Akbas","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of the finite element method with probabilistic approaches accounting for uncertainties has become a widely adopted strategy for accurately modelling seepage (<em>Q</em>) in embankment dams. However, this approach is time-intensive, prompting this study to conduct a probabilistic analysis encompassing both steady-state and transient seepage to demonstrate the efficiency of using artificial neural networks (ANN) for accurately estimating <em>Q</em> values, thereby significantly reducing the reliance on extensive finite element simulations. In this context, first, the variability in the permeability of the clay core of embankment dams was investigated. Permeability was modeled as a random variable using two different approaches: First, as a log-normally distributed random variable for the entire clay core; and second, using random field theory, as a spatially correlated log-normally distributed random variable in horizontal layers. The data obtained were analyzed with artificial neural networks (ANN) and artificial bee colony (ABC) to ensure the consistency of the analyses. In all steady-state analyses, the lowest discharge was obtained when spatial variability was considered. Finally, the trained ANN-ABC network was utilized to estimate <em>Q</em> values for 0.75 COV (<em>k</em>_<em>s</em>), a scenario for which finite element analyses were not conducted. This approach demonstrated the efficacy of using ANN to obtain <em>Q</em> values efficiently, thereby eliminating the need for labour-intensive finite element analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 108029"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydraulic pressure accelerates ice growth in the stratum","authors":"Xiaoyun Hao ,&nbsp;Zhi Wen ,&nbsp;Wei Ma ,&nbsp;Wenjie Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Engineering geological investigations indicate that confined water exists in the stratum during the warm season in permafrost regions and in underground engineering employing artificial ground freezing (AGF) to isolate groundwater, causing significant upward deformation of the stratum and frost damage to engineering structures. However, limited studies have explored the effect and mechanism of hydraulic pressure on ice growth during soil freezing upwards. Therefore, this study designs and conducts four groups of bottom-up freezing tests under various hydraulic pressures, and develops a model to investigate the mechanism of hydraulic pressure on ice growth, based on the theory that liquid water migrates towards the ice lens through an unfrozen water film. The experimental results, including thermal regime, frost heave, cryo-structure, and water redistribution are analyzed systematically, which show the frozen depth, frost heave increment, ice lens thickness, and the layered water content in the samples all increase with hydraulic pressure. The model is validated with experimental data, and the calculation results demonstrate that the ice growth rate increases with hydraulic pressure due to a higher pore water pressure (PWP) gradient in the unfrozen water film. Thus, the characteristics and mechanisms of ice growth in the stratum, accelerated by hydraulic pressure, are clarified. Finally, the applications and implications of this study to engineering geology are discussed, which contribute to a better understanding of ground ice formation in permafrost regions and frost damage prevention in underground engineering performing AGF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 108035"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frost heave and water-heat behavior of coarse-grained fill in HSR subgrade considering vapor migration","authors":"Guoqing Cai ,&nbsp;Qianqian Liu ,&nbsp;Yuteng Qin ,&nbsp;Fengjie Yin ,&nbsp;Jian Li","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108032","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108032","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The moisture accumulation and freezing damage of coarse-grained fill (CGF) in high-speed railway (HSR) subgrades have been widely concerned. Based on the newly developed water-vapor-heat-mechanical coupling test apparatus, a series of soil column tests were carried out to investigate the frost heave mechanism of CGF. The results indicate that the liquid water in CGF is discontinuous and difficult to migrate to the freezing front. The primary mechanism of moisture accumulation and frost heave in CGF is vapor migration and phase transition. With increasing freeze-thaw cycles, both vapor migration and frost heave reduce. The thaw settlement of the CGF is less than the frost heave, so there is a net upward deformation in each cycle. Furthermore, the fine particle content has a prominent effect on the heat transfer and frost heave of the CGF compared to the fine particle type. Even under the condition of vapor replenishment, controlling the content of fine particles is still an important way to inhibit frost heave. Moreover, after reducing the maximum particle size of CGF, the frost heave of the sample increases. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) test results show that CGF is dominated by large pores, and the freeze-thaw cycle further promote the development of large pores, providing a good channel for the migration of vapor. In conclusion, the frost heave development caused by vapor migration is slow and continuous, posing a non-negligible risk to HSR subgrades during long-term service.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 108032"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DFN modeling incorporating fracture stratigraphy constraints into the stereology inverse problem","authors":"Renato R.S. Dantas ,&nbsp;Walter E. Medeiros ,&nbsp;João V.F. Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We develop a methodology for building stochastic discrete fracture networks (DFNs) based on the solution of a generalized version of the stereology inverse problem incorporating constraints derived from fracture stratigraphy. The DFN is simulated inside a layer-cake model, whose interfaces conform to the available fracture stratigraphy information. For each layer, estimates of the power law exponent of fracture sizes and volumetric fracture intensity (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>32</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>) are obtained for each fracture set from the solution of the inverse problem; the inputs are trace length distribution and areal fracture intensities (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>21</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>) measured on multiple exposed surfaces. A Lagrangian formulation of the inverse problem allows the straightforward incorporation of geological constraints. However, the price to pay is having to solve the problem with global optimization methods; here we use a particle swarm optimization algorithm. Our approach is applied in a real cave setting, where multiple surfaces expose fracture traces. Using a simplified geometry of the cave setting, we obtain solutions honoring both synthetic and field measurements. Uncertainties in the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>32</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> estimates might be different for each layer, depending on the fracture intensity contrasts between the layers and on the angles between the exposed surfaces and the fracture planes. The interpreter can then evaluate the reliability of the parameter estimates obtained with the layer-cake model in comparison with those obtained with a homogeneous version of the investigated volume. In addition, we show that the <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>32</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> estimates depend on the shape assumed for the fractures, being larger for rectangle-shaped fractures than for disk-shaped fractures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 107993"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability analysis of earth slopes with counterweight fill: Kinematic limit analysis","authors":"Dowon Park","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Counterweight fill, which involves adding mass to potentially unstable areas, such as the slope base or toe, is a common and effective technique for slope stabilization owing to its ease of installation and familiarity. As both a temporary and permanent preventive measure, both the design and analysis of counterweight fill require careful consideration to ensure a balanced distribution of the added weight. However, in practice, brief and empirical guidelines have been widely adopted, often without standardization. This study aimed to quantify the beneficial effects of counterweight fill on slope safety by analyzing the respective failure mechanisms. To achieve an optimal design, strategic fill configurations, including fill geometry, height, and area, are discussed. Further considerations include the strength and weight of counterweight fills, demonstrating the importance of fill positioning and material selection for slope stabilization. The addition of fill mass at the toe of the slopes could significantly strengthen the slope stability, potentially doubling the stability factors, assuming the fill used the same material as the slope. A strong dependence of the failure mechanisms of the fill-reinforced slopes was observed, leading to the potential local collapse of the restricted slope failure. The effectiveness of counterweight fills is affected by fill configuration and material properties, highlighting the importance of quantitative analysis and design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 108027"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic behaviour of un-grouted and grouted jointed samples of a brittle rock in Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar tests: Insights from experiments and DEM modelling","authors":"Sameer Lawankar ,&nbsp;Sachin Kumar ,&nbsp;Bhardwaj Pandit ,&nbsp;Gaurav Tiwari ,&nbsp;Venkatesh Deshpande","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bonded Block Model (BBM) is gaining popularity in understanding the grain-scale micromechanics along with the macroscopic response of rocks to a variety of loading. However, the understanding of the application of BBM and the effect of different parameters on the estimated dynamic behaviour of rocks is lacking. This study aims to investigate the effect of different sample, experimental and modelling parameters on the dynamic response of Kishangarh marble represented via BBM in UDEC. The Voronoi tessellation is used to create the polygonal/polyhedral grain structures along the samples. The modelling micro-parameters of the numerical model are initially calibrated using the experimental observations on intact samples for Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) tests. The numerical model and calibrated parameters were then fully validated with experimental results of jointed and grouted samples. The effect of different flaws (orientations, shape and persistence), experimental (strain rate), grain (heterogeneity and lamina orientation) and modelling (micro-parameters and modelling type) parameters are investigated. The orientation (anisotropy), shape and arrangement (persistence) of flaw affect the dynamic response of jointed samples significantly. The effect was suppressed in grouted samples due to possible strengthening of flaw tips, impeding stress concentration and fracture propagation. The effect of lamina orientation and strain rate was more dominant in grouted samples due to the transition in the behaviour of grouted samples towards intact rocks. The effect of grain/contact heterogeneity was observed to be negligible on micro/macro level responses of samples. The initiation, progression and coalescence of different types of micro-level cracks and failure mechanisms were explored and explained with the BBM model of the rock specimens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 108033"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of formation of blasting craters and evolution of its characteristic parameters under in-situ stress","authors":"Xiulong Wang ,&nbsp;Chuanyi Liu ,&nbsp;Bingchen Liu ,&nbsp;Fengpeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Song Cui ,&nbsp;Xiaonan Wang ,&nbsp;Yong Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In-situ stress has become the main factor affecting the safe, efficient, and precise blasting excavation of deep rock masses. The blasting crater is a key research subject for understanding the principles of blasting action in deep rock masses. To explore the theoretical model of the spatiotemporal propagation of blasting stress waves, the formation mechanism of the blasting crater, and the evolution laws of its characteristic parameters under different ground stress conditions, a series of studies were conducted. Firstly, based on wave mechanics, this study derived the propagation equations for the attenuation, reflection, and superposition of blasting stress waves in time and space. Subsequently, physical model experiments were conducted using wire electric explosion technology to study blasting craters under various stress intensity ratios <em>λ</em>. The process of dynamic propagation of surface cracks on specimens was observed using ultra-high-speed photography, and the extent of any crack propagation was statistically analyzed using the box-counting dimension method. The size and distribution characteristics of fragments after blasting were described by the G-G-S distribution function. The three-dimensional form of the blasting crater was extracted using a 3-d laser scanner, and the evolution of characteristic parameters such as the geometric size, area, volume, and opening angle was analyzed. The results indicate that as the stress intensity ratio <em>λ</em> increases, cracks propagate along the principal stress direction while exhibiting a decrease in the extent of crack propagation, complexity, and density. Moreover, there is a negative correlation between the stress intensity ratio <em>λ</em> with both the crack fractal dimension <em>D</em>_<em>f</em> and the fragment fractal dimension <em>D</em>_<em>s</em>, whereas a positive correlation is observed with respect to the area, volume, and average fragment size <em>x</em>₅₀. Theoretical analysis shows that both the core opening angle and the total opening angle tend to increase as the stress intensity ratio <em>λ</em> increases. Based on the theoretical model of spatiotemporal propagation of blasting stress waves, the formation mechanism of the blasting crater under in-situ stress is further elucidated. The research findings have significant scientific and practical value for advancing blasting theory and technology suitable for deep rock masses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"351 ","pages":"Article 108028"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supervised classification-based framework for rock mass discontinuity identification using point cloud data","authors":"Mehmet Akif Günen ,&nbsp;Kaşif Furkan Öztürk ,&nbsp;Şener Aliyazıcıoğlu","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mapping and evaluating rock mass discontinuities using point clouds is a critical task in mining, civil, and geological engineering. Rock discontinuities can significantly impact the integrity, strength, and stability of rock masses. The orientation of these discontinuities is also a key characteristic of the rock mass. Accurate orientation estimation from point clouds enables more precise predictions of rock mass behavior, leading to improved safety, more efficient excavation processes, reduced operational costs, and significant time savings. In this context, a supervised classification-based framework is proposed for calculating orientation parameters from point cloud. Supervised classification plays a crucial role in tasks where a model learns complex patterns from labeled data to accurately predict previously unseen instances. The proposed method consists of eight-steps, including: data collection, pre-processing (data filtering), adaptive neighborhood size selection (omnivariance-based), feature extraction (geometric features), feature selection (Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance method), classification (Support Vector Machine), clustering (connected component labeling), and plane fitting to calculate orientation parameters (dip angle and dip direction). The framework was applied to two real-world datasets and one synthetic dataset, which was tested in two different subsampled forms (random and uniform subsampling). The results statistically demonstrated that the technique was effective in detecting and characterizing rock mass discontinuities with high Accuracy, Recall, Precision, and F-Score values ranging from 94.64% to 99.57%. The deviations of the method in the measurements of the dip angle and the dip direction, compared to the manual measurements, range from 1% to 4%, indicating strong agreement with the manual measurements and the existing studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 107987"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deformation and failure evolution mechanism of valley slope induced by dominant crack propagation: Insights from transparent soil modelling","authors":"Xianlun Leng ,&nbsp;Chuan Wang ,&nbsp;Chengtang Wang ,&nbsp;Zhanrong Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruirui Wang ,&nbsp;Kun Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rock slope failures occur frequently in mountainous regions. However, research on the internal deformation and failure evolution mechanism of fractured valley rock slopes caused by dominant crack propagation remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, this study used the bank slope of the newly constructed Nujiang Grand Bridge as a prototype to perform model tests on slopes with dominant cracks at the slope top (M₁ model) and slope toe (M₂ model) utilizing a self-developed visualized model experiment system. Experimental data from the top load and displacement cells, along with the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique, were utilized to analyze the load-displacement response curves, displacement, velocity, strain rate fields, and propagation characteristics of the dominant crack in the slope. The results indicated that: (1) the load-displacement curves for both M₁ and M₂ models could be divided into four stages: slow acceleration, approximately uniform increase, slow deceleration, and rapid decline. The ultimate bearing capacity of the M₂ model was about 3.2 kN larger than that of the M₁ model. (2) The deformation and failure process of the slopes in both models could be categorized into three stages: initial deformation, rapid deformation, and failure. The M₁ and M₂ models exhibited “thrust-type” and “retrogressive” landslide failure characteristics, respectively. (3) The length of the dominant crack propagation segment increased exponentially with increasing loading duration, and the slope deformation showed obvious zonal characteristics. (4) The comparison of deformation and failure characteristics between the model and prototype slopes validated the rationality and accuracy of the model test. This study offers valuable insights into the internal deformation and failure evolution mechanism of fractured valley slopes resulting from dominant crack propagation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"350 ","pages":"Article 108019"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}