Engineering Geology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating the combined influence of anisotropy and weathering on strength behavior of gneissic rocks in Himachal Pradesh, India: Insights from chemical weathering indices","authors":"Honey Kaushal,&nbsp;Aditya Singh,&nbsp;Narendra Kumar Samadhiya","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study examines the combined effect of anisotropic foliations and weathering on the strength and deformation characteristics of the three grades of weathered Himalayan gneiss (fresh, slightly, and moderately weathered) from Kullu, Himachal Pradesh, India. The study's novelty is that it links the triaxial strength of weathered gneiss with suitable chemical weathering indices (Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA), Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW), and Loss of Ignition (LOI)). The study reports the output of extensive experimental work containing uniaxial, triaxial compression, Brazilian tensile, and point load strength testing on three grades of weathered gneiss at five different anisotropic foliations (0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°). The observations report that anisotropic foliations and weathering affect the strength of gneissic rocks under unconfined and confined conditions. The weathering decreases gneissic rock's uniaxial, Brazilian tensile, and triaxial strengths. The U-shaped strength anisotropy curve is noticed in all grades of weathered gneiss under both uniaxial and triaxial states. The linear relations were observed between the triaxial strength and appropriate indices of chemical weathering. These relations help to obtain the strength of the anisotropic rock at different anisotropy angles using data from powder XRF. The powder XRF tests are relatively easier to execute as sample preparations have no physical dimensions restrictions. In the absence of the required number of perfect cores (specimens) of L/D ratio two, the correlations enable approximate strength assessment for rock engineering projects. Owing to these relationships, the study identifies the suitable modified Hoek-Brown anisotropic rock failure criterion that is modified to consider the effect of weathering using appropriate indices of chemical weathering for the Himalayan gneiss. The coefficient of determination (<em>R</em>^<em>2</em>) was calculated to be 0.93 for the proposed modification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 108086"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydro-mechanical interactions in CO2 storage: Critical parameters influencing coal mine at Shenhua's CCS site","authors":"Keyao Lin ,&nbsp;Ning Wei ,&nbsp;Yao Zhang ,&nbsp;Shengnan Liu ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ali ,&nbsp;Wendong Wang ,&nbsp;Quan Chen ,&nbsp;Yongsheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The co-development of saline aquifers and coal seams in sedimentary basins results in geomechanical conflicts when concurrently exploited in shared subsurface strata. However, reliable assessments of CO₂ storage effects on coal mines are limited by uncertainties associated with the mechanical and physical characteristics of deep rock formations. Studies have developed advanced hydraulic-mechanical (HM) coupling frameworks for CO₂ storage in saline aquifers or coal seams; however, no study has quantitatively linked parameter uncertainties to coal mine stability thresholds under CO₂ injection pressures, a gap addressed in this study. This study investigated the critical parameters governing coal mine stability under CO₂ injection at the Shenhua CCS site. A coupled MRST-FLAC3D model was developed to simulate HM interactions, and Tornado analysis and response surface methodology were performed to evaluate 17 parameters, with <span><math><mi>F</mi></math></span>-values quantifying their significance. Predictive models for CO₂ plume radius (<span><math><mi>R</mi></math></span>) and vertical displacement (<span><math><mi>U</mi></math></span>) were established, revealing three key findings: (1) reservoir porosity had the dominant effect on <span><math><mi>R</mi></math></span> variations (73.6), exceeding the influences of reservoir permeability (34.16) and reservoir thickness (0.95) by orders of magnitude; (2) <span><math><mi>U</mi></math></span> was most sensitive to the caprock Poisson's ratio (1, 240.22), followed by the caprock Young's modulus (1, 019.59), Biot's coefficient (707.8), interbedded mudstone-sandstone Poisson's ratio (367.22), and reservoir permeability (289.45); (3) the <span><math><mi>R</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>U</mi></math></span> models robustly predicted CO₂ migration and stratum deformation across diverse geological conditions. These findings provide a quantitative framework for optimizing CO₂ storage integrity and coal mine safety in tectonically active basins, with implications for global CCS projects facing similar resource conflicts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 108087"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The optimal control problem for stability analysis of general slopes","authors":"Hong Zheng,&nbsp;Pingwei Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In general, a slope is a statically indeterminate system of infinite order. In the framework of limit equilibrium methods, where the slip body is treated as a rigid body, non-physical assumptions about the internal forces must be introduced to make the system statically determinate. Different assumptions lead to distinct limit equilibrium methods, all of which can bring the slope into a limit equilibrium state. Although so-called rigorous methods (satisfying all equilibrium conditions) produce relatively small variations in the factor of safety, none of these methods guarantees a statically admissible force system a priori, which leads to inefficiencies in slope stabilization design. By defining the normal stress on the slip surface at the limit equilibrium state and the critical sliding direction vector as control variables, with the factor of safety as the state variable, this study demonstrates that the slope stability analysis can be reduced to an optimal control problem of integral equations. The state equations represent the limit equilibrium equations of the slip body, while the cost functional depends on the specific problem. In this study, the cost functional is defined as the factor of safety of slip body, derived from Pan's maximum principle applied to the stability analysis of the given slip body. By solving this optimal control problem, the critical sliding direction and safety factor for a three-dimensional asymmetric slip body are obtained simultaneously, along with a statically admissible force system. The analysis of several classical examples and a well-known real case demonstrates the accuracy and robustness of the optimal control model proposed in this paper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 108089"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismic fragility and resilience assessment of instrumented Cogswell concrete-faced rockfill dam using scalar and vector-valued approaches","authors":"Ali Derakhshan ,&nbsp;Hamid Alielahi","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assessing the seismic vulnerability of dams is crucial due to the significant risks posed to downstream populations in the event of earthquake-induced failures. Fragility analysis is an effective tool for estimating earthquake-induced damage, thereby playing a vital role in dam design and the prevention of catastrophic incidents. In this study, Cogswell dam, a Concrete Faced Rockfill Dam, is considered as a case study, leveraging its recorded seismic responses from the Whittier Narrows (1987) and Sierra Madre (1991) earthquakes, as captured by monitoring instrumentation. A series of nonlinear 2D dynamic analyses were performed using Finite Element Method (FEM) and the results were validated against the reported data by the dam's instrumentation. Then, scalar and vector fragility assessments were performed by applying 100 diverse recorded ground motions. According to the results, scalar fragility analysis highlights that Intensity Measures (IMs) like PGA, A_rms, I_c, ASI, EDA, and A95 can be considered as key optimal predictors of seismic vulnerability, with PGA demonstrating the strongest correlation and A_rms associated with higher probabilities of severe damage. Vector-valued fragility analysis reveals that IM combinations, particularly I_c-A_rms, provide more conservative estimates, capturing critical interactions between IMs. In the next step, scalar and vector resilience assessments are conducted considering various functionality loss scenarios and different recovery functions. Resilience assessment shows that earthquakes with high PGA enables faster recovery, while the ones with high A_rms significantly impacts recovery functionality. Also, it is observed that scalar-valued resilience assessment provides more conservative results compared to the vector-valued approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 108090"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing AutoML and the noisy-average probabilistic independence of causal influence (PICI) model for the prediction of ornamental stone quality","authors":"M. Pazo ,&nbsp;X. Rigueira ,&nbsp;S. Gerassis ,&nbsp;Á. Saavedra ,&nbsp;I. Margarida Antunes","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of machine learning techniques to analyze large datasets enables mining companies to identify risks and allocate resources effectively, maintaining their competitive advantage. Specifically, software designed to predict the influence of geological factors on ornamental stone is crucial for cost reduction and resource optimization. This study explores an AI-based method to assess roofing slate quality using a noisy-average probabilistic independence of causal influence (PICI) model within an Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) framework. The PICI model was initially introduced and enhanced by incorporating combination functions to reduce model complexity, providing significant advantages in the subsequent phase of Bayesian AutoML inference. This complexity reduction phase was complemented by a t-SNE analysis to visualize data clusters and patterns. The study focuses on the geological setting of the Rodazais Formation in León, northwest Spain, a region renowned for its slate production. Data from 3379 slate sections across 16 boreholes, characterized by 11 different risk factors, were analyzed to determine slate quality. Results indicated that the most influential factors affecting roofing slate quality in the studied deposit were crenulation schistosity, kink-bands, microfractures, and Rock Quality Designation (RQD). Moreover, automated updating of model variables through Bayesian inference and the integration of expert knowledge improved the interpretability of slate quality index predictions and decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 108088"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143869701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confinement-dependent behavior of a jointed rock mass: Insights from a 3D numerical perspective","authors":"Xuxi Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanyan Li ,&nbsp;Hong Zheng ,&nbsp;Lihui Li ,&nbsp;Kun Li ,&nbsp;Jianping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the anisotropic characteristics and failure mechanisms of jointed rock masses is essential for reliable stability evaluation in rock engineering. However, accurately quantifying the influence of in-situ stress on the mechanical properties and failure modes of such systems remains a challenging and unresolved issue. To address this gap, we developed a discrete fracture network (DFN) model based on outcrop data from a dam site in southeastern Tibet. The representative elementary volume (REV) was determined using discrete-element analysis with mechanical upscaling, and a series of numerical triaxial compression tests were conducted on REV-scale models employing the synthetic rock mass (SRM) approach. Based on the anisotropy index, an advanced method is proposed for the quantitative evaluation of rock mass anisotropy and the analysis of the failure mechanisms in 3D jointed rock masses. Our results reveal that low confining pressures primarily induce joint slippage, whereas higher confining pressures reduce the anisotropy index of the jointed rock mass. Additionally, variations in crack orientation under different stress conditions highlight the pivotal role of confinement in governing fracture development. These findings offer new insights for enhanced stability evaluation in rock engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 108076"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stability analysis of multi-stage blasting rock slopes based on the Hoek-Brown criterion considering cumulative disturbance","authors":"Feng Yang ,&nbsp;Zhi-Wei Huang ,&nbsp;Zhi-Ying Dai ,&nbsp;San-Feng Liu ,&nbsp;Lian-Heng Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the extension of service life of rocky slopes such as hydropower stations and mines, their surrounding slopes need to be reconstructed. In this study, a new range of blasting damage determination is proposed and the cumulative damage of multistage blasting is quantified by the excavation disturbance factor <em>D</em>. Taking Baihetan Hydropower Station as an example, the results show that: In one-stage blasting, the rock material parameters have the largest deterioration ratio at the excavation contour line. In multi-stage blasting, the deterioration ratio of rock material parameters reaches the maximum in the cumulative damage zone, especially at the slope top of each stage of excavation. The geological strength index <em>GSI</em> has a significant role in resisting slope blasting and improving the slope safety coefficient. Under the influence of cumulative damage of multi-stage blasting, the landslide surface of the slope is easy to be formed in the cumulative damage area, and local landslides occur. This study provides valuable insights into the construction of multi-stage blasting for excavating high and steep slopes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 108077"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143859389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-darcian behavior of two-phase flow in a vertical fracture with tortuous","authors":"Jingping Wang ,&nbsp;Jiazhong Qian ,&nbsp;Lei Ma ,&nbsp;Yunhai Fang ,&nbsp;Haichun Ma ,&nbsp;Hongguang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on non-darcian flow behavior in fractured media is fundamental to understanding the governing laws flows in natural fractured aquifers, which is especially relevant in geothermal reservoir modeling. Although the Darcy model is utilized to describe slow flows in these geometries, quantitative descriptions of two-phase flows involving non-darcian effects in rough vertical fractures have received little attention. In this study, the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation coupled with Cahn-Hilliard model were solved for the immiscible gas-water system with the fracture geometry satisfies the Gaussian distribution under different piezometric boundary conditions. We report significant non-darcian flow behavior for Reynolds numbers between 998 and 26,930, suggesting that the quadratic-velocity model explains Darcy deviation for high specific water discharges <em>q</em>_w. Additionally, we found that the water saturation index <em>S</em>_w had a nonlinear relationship with <em>q</em>_w, which allowed the definition of two regimes in which water displaced the gas phase. These findings help to modify the current methodologies for estimating the relative permeability of two-phase fluid system, allowing for the inclusion of non-Darcy effects in such estimations<strong>.</strong></div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 108072"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143847327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field and numerical investigations on linkage failure of the main roof and pumpable supports in the pre-excavation recovery room","authors":"Dong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianbiao Bai ,&nbsp;Yonghong Guo ,&nbsp;Zizheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Rui Wang ,&nbsp;Zhijun Tian ,&nbsp;Shuai Yan ,&nbsp;Qiancheng Zhu ,&nbsp;Min Deng ,&nbsp;Hao Fu ,&nbsp;Shuaigang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In western China, longwall mining faces (LMFs) are usually equipped with a large cross-section pre-excavation recovery room (PRR). This type of entry is commonly reinforced with pumpable supports (PPS). This study investigates the stress and field failure behavior of the PPS, as well as the internal fracture mode of the roof above the PRR. A UDEC model has been developed and validated against field measurements for investigating the failure behavior of PPS and PRR under different main roof structures (MRSs). The linkage instability mechanism between the MRS and PPS has been elucidated. The rotation and misalignment of the fractured MRS triggered shear failure in the roof cables and rockbolts. The reduction in the intact width of the solid coal rib (SCR) increased the load borne by the PPS. The PPS failed prematurely, resulting in linkage instability with the unstable MRS, leading to a large deformation of the PRR. As the main roof fracture shifts from the gob to the SCR, the SCR changes from a tensile-shear failure to a tensile fracture. The PPS beneath the fractured roof primarily fails due to compression and shear failure caused by sliding. The crack damage degree (<em>D</em>) of the outby PPS reaches 85.58 % when the main roof fractures above the PRR(FP3#), while the <em>D</em> of the inby PPS is 71.24 % when the roof fractures above the SCR(FP4#). The proposed coupling control technology was implemented at the test site. Monitoring results show a maximum PPS stress of 19.3 MPa and a maximum PRR roof-to-floor convergence of 308 mm. As the LMF cuts into the PRR, the hydraulic support pressure drops significantly, reaching a peak of 5747 kN without periodic weighting. It effectively controls the large deformation of the PRR and provides a useful reference for PRR support under similar geological conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 108075"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A three-dimensional agro-hydrological model for predictive analysis of shallow landslides: CRITERIA-3D","authors":"G. Sannino ,&nbsp;F. Tomei ,&nbsp;M. Bittelli ,&nbsp;C. Meisina ,&nbsp;M. Bordoni ,&nbsp;R. Valentino","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper a three-dimensional agro-hydrological model for shallow landslides' prediction is presented. The model is an extension of the CRITERIA-3D free-source model for crop development and soil hydrology, developed by the Hydrometeorological service of the Regional Agency for Environmental prevention and Energy of Emilia-Romagna region (Arpae-simc). The soil-water balance is computed through the coupling of surface and subsurface flows in multi-layered soils over areas topographically characterized by Digital Elevation Model (DEM). The rainfall infiltration process is simulated through a three-dimensional version of Richards' equation. Surface runoff, lateral drainage, capillarity rise, soil evaporation and plant transpiration contribute to the computation of the soil hydrology on an hourly basis. The model accepts meteorological hourly records as input data and outputs can be obtained for any time step at any selected depth of the soil profile. Among the outputs, volumetric water content, soil-water potential and the factor of safety of the slope can be selected. The validation of the proposed model has been carried out considering a test slope in Montuè (northern Italy), where a shallow landslide occurred in 2014 a few meters away from a meteorological and soil moisture measurement station. The paper shows the accuracy of the model in predicting the landslide occurrence in response to rainfall both in time and space. Although there are some model limitations, at the slope scale the model results are highly accurate with respect to field data even when the spatial resolution of the Digital Elevation Model is reduced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 108073"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}