Engineering Geology最新文献

{"title":"Surface weathering of the cliff at Bingling Temple Grottoes: A cultural relic on the Bank of Reservoir in NW China","authors":"Qian Xia ,&nbsp;Wenwu Chen ,&nbsp;Yimin Tang ,&nbsp;Liufang Li ,&nbsp;Li Wang ,&nbsp;Peiran Liu ,&nbsp;Shaoran Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The world cultural heritage Bingling Temple Grottoes (BTG) is a typical sandstone cultural relic on the bank of Liujiaxia Reservoir in the semi-arid region of northwest China. After the construction of the Liujiaxia Reservoir, the changes in the hydrogeological and climatic conditions in the small region have accelerated the weathering process of the cliff bottom. However, the influence of the water reservoir on rock surface weathering remains further understanding. In this study, we quantified the degree of surface weathering of a representative cliff in the BTG. Several typical in-situ tests were carried out, including peeling test, hardness test, and ultrasonic measurement, further supplemented by X-ray diffraction analysis. Despite good correlation among indices for the same lithology, the test results were insufficient for cross-lithology weathering evaluation. Consequently, the modified TOPSIS method was introduced to evaluate weathering across different strata. TOPSIS scores reveal altitude-related variations in weathering degree. Overall, the surface weathering degree of the cliff intensifies from top to bottom. The upper section (&gt; 1743 m) of the cliff is primarily mechanically damaged, in contrast to the bottom layer (influenced by reservoir water level changes), which exhibits severe deterioration and intense chemical weathering related to water. Our study provides experience and methodological reference to the preservation of cultural relics and enhances the understanding of surface weathering of stone heritages on the bank of the reservoir in the semi-arid region of NW China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 107767"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Bayesian updating for deformation prediction of high rock slopes induced by excavation with monitoring data","authors":"Dian-Qing Li ,&nbsp;Hang-Hang Zang ,&nbsp;Xiao-Song Tang ,&nbsp;Guan Rong","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops an efficient Bayesian updating method with monitoring data for predicting the deformation of high rock slopes induced by excavation. The importance ranking based on random forest is introduced to identify the key rock parameters as random variables in the Bayesian updating. The surrogate models using support vector machine are constructed to approximate the physical numerical models using FLAC3D for evaluating slope deformation. A practical example involving deformation prediction of the excavated left-bank rock slope for the well-known Baihetan hydropower station in southwest China is presented. The results indicate that the developed Bayesian updating method can efficiently and accurately update the posterior distributions of rock parameters and predict the deformation of high rock slopes induced by excavation. Incorporating the monitoring data of displacement into the Bayesian updating can effectively reduce the uncertainty of rock parameters and displacement prediction. As a result, the displacement predictions made by the Bayesian updating are closer to the monitoring data than the prior displacement predictions. In addition, incorporating more monitoring data of displacement from the previous excavation stages produces more accurate displacement predictions for subsequent excavation stages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 107772"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shaking table study on the seismic dynamic behavior of high-speed railway subgrade with pile network composite-reinforced soil","authors":"Mao Yue ,&nbsp;Changwei Yang ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Yu ,&nbsp;Liang Zhang ,&nbsp;Shiguang Zhou ,&nbsp;Ke Su ,&nbsp;Hongsheng Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pile network composite structures are used in the construction of high-speed railway subgrades. There have been few studies on their seismic dynamic response, however, which has restricted the accurate evaluation of their seismic performance. In this study, a series of shaking table tests on a pile network composite-reinforced soil high-speed railway subgrade were conducted. Particle image velocimetry was used to analyze the slope motion and sensor data to evaluate the overall dynamic response characteristics of the subgrade. Findings indicate that seismic activity causes subsidence throughout the subgrade, with deformations occurring in three distinct phases depending on the input seismic amplitude from 0.1 to 0.4 g (slow increasing), 0.4 to 0.6 g (faster increasing), and 0.6 to 1.0 g (rapidly increasing). The inclusion of geogrids aids in dissipating seismic energy, thereby reducing the peak acceleration amplification along the elevation. The increased dynamic soil pressure of the subgrade is mitigated by the geogrid reinforcement, which improves local stability. Moreover, the geogrid strain escalated with greater seismic wave amplitudes, resulting in the progressive expansion of the unstable zone from the slope towards the center of the subgrade as the elevation increased.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 107769"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress-dilatancy behavior of marine coral sand incorporating non-plastic fines","authors":"Xue Li ,&nbsp;Wan-Huan Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiankun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The existed understanding of stress-dilatancy behavior is predominantly based on experiments conducted with clean quartz sand, with limited research focusing on coral sand. Particularly, impacts of fines and density state on stress-dilatancy response of marine coral sand is of significant concern. This work presents a systematic investigation into these issues through meticulously controlled geotechnical tests, coupled with corresponding discussion and interpretation. Results show that at a high stress level, both pure coral sand and its mixtures consistently undergo shear contraction regardless of fines proportion and density state. However, mixtures with minimal fines experience shear contraction initially, followed by dilatancy under a medium-low stress level. Friction angle at peak state (<span><math><msub><mi>φ</mi><mi>ps</mi></msub></math></span>) and critical state (<span><math><msub><mi>φ</mi><mi>cs</mi></msub></math></span>), excess friction angle (<span><math><msub><mi>φ</mi><mi>ex</mi></msub></math></span>), and maximum dilatancy angle (<span><math><msub><mi>ψ</mi><mi>max</mi></msub></math></span>) decrease powerfully as increasing fines content. Besides, the lower and upper limits of variation for <span><math><msub><mi>φ</mi><mi>ps</mi></msub></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mi>φ</mi><mi>cs</mi></msub></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mi>φ</mi><mi>ex</mi></msub></math></span> concerning <span><math><msub><mi>ψ</mi><mi>max</mi></msub></math></span> were presented. Correlation between <span><math><msub><mi>φ</mi><mi>ex</mi></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mi>ψ</mi><mi>max</mi></msub></math></span> highlights that Bolton's stress-dilatancy equation, developed for pure sand, remains applicable provided that fines content remains below the threshold value. Additionally, gray correlation result suggests that fines post the dominant influence on above behaviors, followed by density state and stress level. Finally, potential mechanism behinds the influences of fines and density state was explored from the view of particle column buckling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 107764"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of major rocks in Hong Kong as potential sensible thermal energy storage medium","authors":"Zihan Liu,&nbsp;Louis Ngai Yuen Wong,&nbsp;Su-Chin Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy storage is considered a viable solution for managing renewable energies, and rock is recognized as an economically feasible and environmentally friendly medium for sensible heat storage. Following the principle of utilizing local resources, fifteen major rock types from Hong Kong—covering igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic classifications—were collected and processed to required sizes for several characterization techniques, considering their heterogeneity and anisotropy. Thermophysical (thermal diffusivity/conductivity, heat capacity, and thermal expansion coefficient) and mechanical properties of the selected rocks were analyzed from room temperature to 1000 °C, along with their chemical and structural compositions. Through multidimensional evaluation, the suitability (optimal, average, poor) of these rocks from Hong Kong to serve as thermal energy storage media was assessed. The results obtained indicated that Hong Kong basalt is the optimal candidate for high-temperature thermal energy storage material, with 850 °C identified as the suitable maximum working temperature. Other igneous rocks from Hong Kong can be utilized for mid-to-low temperature range (100–500 °C) thermal energy storage engineering. However, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks from Hong Kong appear unsuitable for local thermal energy storage engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 107763"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four years of landslide observation with anthropogenic loading as an additional trigger - Analysis of seasonal and annual variability of physical parameters","authors":"Artur Marciniak ,&nbsp;Sebastian Kowalczyk ,&nbsp;Szymon Oryński ,&nbsp;Justyna Cader ,&nbsp;Jonathan Chambers ,&nbsp;Iwona Stan-Kłeczek ,&nbsp;Mariusz Majdański","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Determining the structure and evolution of landslides is crucial for geophysical hazard assessment. In this study, we employed an approach integrating the methodologies of multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and electrical conductivity to image temporal and spatial changes within a landslide in southern Poland. The area, located in the Outer Carpathians, experiences significant climate fluctuations, compounded by anthropogenic activities such as recreational skiing requiring artificial snow.</div><div>Our combined seismic and electrical methods techniques reveal the landslide's susceptibility to environmental factors on both annual and seasonal scales. Additional analysis, including data clustering and remote sensing, identifies three distinct landslide zones with varying vulnerability to natural and anthropogenic influences.</div><div>While focusing on a specific area, our approach has global applicability to similar mass movements. This research addresses a gap in understanding time-dependent geophysical observations of moisture-driven landslides, providing valuable insights for hazard identification and mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 107761"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instability and deformation behaviors of root-reinforced soil under constant shear stress path","authors":"Xuan Zou ,&nbsp;Dianqing Li ,&nbsp;Shun Wang ,&nbsp;Shixiang Gu ,&nbsp;Wei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change is becoming a greater global challenge, leading to more frequent and intense extreme weather events, which in turn increase mountain hazards like shallow landslides and soil erosion. Ecological slope protection using vegetation has gained increasing attention to mitigate natural disasters in recent years. While numerous studies have demonstrated the contribution of root systems to soil reinforcement, the comprehensive impact of roots on soil mechanical response under rainfall scenarios remains elusive. This study investigates the instability and deformation behaviors of root-reinforced soil through constant shear drained (CSD) tests. The role of root characteristics, including biomass, diameter, and length, in modulating the shear strength, instability and deformation behaviors of soils is investigated. The results indicate that the shear strength and stability of root-reinforced soil, as well as the inhibition effect of root on contractive deformation after the initiation of instability, increasing with greater root biomass and length and smaller root diameter. Moreover, due to the potential weak interfaces, fine or stiff long roots appear to increase the likelihood of volumetric dilation in root-reinforced soil at the later stage of unstable deformation. However, this dilatancy can be effectively resisted by increasing root planting density to form the root network. Furthermore, our experiments suggest that herbaceous vegetation with finer and longer roots is more effective in mitigating static liquefaction of soils induced by rainfall infiltration. This study helps develop a predictive constitutive model for root-reinforced soils and supports future bioengineering slope design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 107762"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping and characterization of the liquefaction impacts of the July and October 2022 earthquakes in Northwestern Luzon, Philippines","authors":"Daniel Jose L. Buhay,&nbsp;Crystel Jade M. Legaspi,&nbsp;Jeffrey S. Perez,&nbsp;Kristine Dionne B. Lagunsad,&nbsp;Oliver Paul C. Halasan,&nbsp;Hazel Andrea L. Vidal,&nbsp;Katelyn S. Sochayseng,&nbsp;Arielle Anne T. Magnaye,&nbsp;Ronniel Paolo A. Dizon,&nbsp;Mickho Jheyshel V. Reyes,&nbsp;Maria Isabel T. Abigania","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 25 July 2022 <em>M</em>_<em>W</em> 7.0 and 25 October 2022 <em>M</em>_<em>W</em> 6.4 earthquakes caused liquefaction in the lowlands of Northwestern Luzon, Philippines. With the widespread liquefaction occurrence, a methodology was developed for mapping and assessing its impacts, which combined mapping techniques, geomorphological analysis, review of historical liquefaction accounts and empirical equations, utilization of available remote sensing technologies, and application of various geophysical and geotechnical equipment. The majority of liquefaction impacts of the <em>M</em>_<em>W</em> 7.0 earthquake occurred along the Abra River delta, while the <em>M</em>_<em>W</em> 6.4 earthquake had most of its liquefaction impacts concentrated in river dikes and abandoned channels across the Solsona Basin. Grain size analysis confirmed that the sediments indeed had the potential to liquefy. The soil parameters obtained using the refraction microtremor (ReMi) and screw driving sounding (SDS) tests also showed strong correlations, with liquefaction potential values ranging from low to high. Soil period values were also consistent with the ReMi and SDS results.</div><div>The results of this study emphasize that: 1) detailed mapping and assessment of areas affected by liquefaction is valuable in aiding researchers and planners in hazard mitigation; and 2) the geophysical and geotechnical approaches employed are suitable and less invasive alternatives in site-specific liquefaction potential assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 107759"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of failure and micro-cracking behavior of non-persistent rock joint under direct shear","authors":"Zixin Wang ,&nbsp;Jun Peng ,&nbsp;Fiona C.Y. Kwok ,&nbsp;Chuanhua Xu ,&nbsp;Linfei Wang ,&nbsp;Bibo Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Persistency, as a key geometric parameter of joints, significantly affects shear strength parameters of jointed rock mass. A good understanding of how persistency affects shear behavior of joint is therefore crucial for better evaluation of stability of rock slope. To investigate the failure and micro-cracking behavior of non-persistent rock joint under direct shear, a novel Voronoi generation algorithm is first used to establish an improved grain-based model (GBM) of granite which considers the shape of feldspar. The calibrated model is then used to simulate the direct shear test of numerical models possessing different joint persistency under various normal stresses. The results reveal that the developed micro-cracks generally increase rapidly when the shear strain reaches to a value approximately 50 % of the peak shear strain and the grain boundary tensile micro-crack is dominant among these initiated micro-cracks. Micro-cracks generally initiate at the ends of rock bridge, and then gradually propagate to the central of rock bridge, forming en-echelon fractures. The failure mode of numerical model is closely related to the generated en-echelon fractures. An increase in both joint persistency and normal stress can lead to a shear failure. The finding in this study provides an important basis for understanding the mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of jointed rock mass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 107760"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive model for shear wave velocity of gravelly soil and its application to liquefaction triggering assessment","authors":"Chi-Chin Tsai ,&nbsp;Jing-Wen Su ,&nbsp;Scott M. Olson","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several studies have established empirical correlations between shear wave velocity (<em>V</em>_<em>s</em>) and standard penetration test blow count (SPT-N) for engineering use. However, these empirical correlations cannot be applied to gravel-rich soils since the measured SPT-N is often inflated in gravel. Therefore, an empirical correlation of <em>V</em>_<em>s</em> for gravel is developed in this study using the Engineering Geological Database for the Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program. The <em>V</em>_<em>s</em> predictive model considers gravel content (GC) and coefficient of uniformity (Cu) in addition to effective vertical stress, void ratio, fines content, plasticity index, and overconsolidation ratio, which have been considered previously. The proposed model indicates that <em>V</em>_<em>s</em> increases with GC and Cu. Moreover, the <em>V</em>_<em>s</em> adjusted for GC can be used with existing <em>V</em>_<em>s</em> -based liquefaction triggering relationships to rationally define the boundary between liquefaction and non-liquefaction case histories with different GCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 107751"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}