Engineering Geology最新文献

{"title":"Temperature anomaly as an indicator of groundwater flow prior to the shaft sinking with the use of artificial ground freezing","authors":"Zenon Pilecki ,&nbsp;Krzysztof Krawiec ,&nbsp;Elżbieta Pilecka ,&nbsp;Stanisław Nagy ,&nbsp;Tomasz Łątka","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study aimed to evaluate hydrogeological conditions for shaft sinking using artificial ground freezing in complex geological formations of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) in Poland. Temperature logging was conducted to a depth of 460 m in five boreholes positioned around the freezing cylinder and four boreholes along the radius extending beyond the freezing cylinder. An effective borehole temperature acquisition system was created using autonomous sensors. A novel approach was developed for the quantitative assessment of temperature anomalies, enhancing data processing and interpretation. Two types of temperature anomalies–negative and positive–have been defined related to groundwater convection. The locations of temperature anomalies strongly correlate with the hydrogeological and lithological data obtained at the stage of preliminary geological recognition. Negative anomalies indicated increased temperature in aquifers, including fractured and tectonically disturbed zones. Positive anomalies indicated decreased temperature in zones of poorly permeable rocks. The study revealed that temperature anomalies not influenced by the geothermal gradient are almost half the size of those influenced by the geothermal gradient. The findings provide more effective insights into the applications of borehole temperature measurements to better monitor the freezing process. In the stage of shaft sinking, the research contributed to modifying the freezing technology and strengthening the shaft lining.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 107916"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143134498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research and monitoring on the water-heat-gas behavior and frost heaving characteristics of coarse-grained fillers under unidirectional freezing conditions","authors":"Haihua Zhang ,&nbsp;Haojin Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenghao Liu ,&nbsp;Xianfeng Ma ,&nbsp;Jiangu Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gaseous water migration is a crucial factor in the development of frost heaving in coarse-grained fillers. The goal is to study the gaseous water migration and frost heaving characteristics of coarse-grained fillers. Based on the law of light reflection and refraction, Polymer optical fiber (POF) sensors are proposed to monitor the light intensity in the fillers during the freezing process, so that the intrinsic correlation between the light intensity and the phase transition and migration of water can be analyzed. A series of unidirectional experiments was conducted by using a gaseous water migration system alongside POF sensors. The experimental results show that particle size and initial water content profoundly influence the freezing depth and the volume of gaseous water migration. Larger particle sizes and lower initial water contents enhance gaseous water migration. Fine-grained induced early deformation, and the soil skeleton caused continuous frost heaving, with both mutually constraining each other. By harnessing the data from POF sensor monitoring to forge a light intensity-inflow relationship model, it is found that the study could grasp the phase change and gaseous water migration in real-time. The results of gaseous water migration in coarse-grained fillers provided a valuable supplement to traditional frost heaving theory.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 107915"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143077693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental analysis on breaching mechanism of earth-rock dam induced by landslide generated waves","authors":"Zhen-han Du ,&nbsp;Jia-Wen Zhou ,&nbsp;Shi-Chen Zhang ,&nbsp;Qi-Ming Zhong ,&nbsp;Hai-Bo Li ,&nbsp;Yu-Xiang Hu ,&nbsp;Cong-Jiang Li ,&nbsp;Jie-Yuan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High earth-rock dams and large reservoirs have been widely constructed in mountainous river valleys. These areas contain a significant number of potential landslide areas, which can be triggered by external factors, such as earthquakes, heavy rainfall, or water level fluctuations. The impact of landslide-generated waves can lead to the breaching and failure of earth-rock dams. To investigate the breaching mechanisms of earth-rock dams and the erosion patterns caused by landslide-generated waves, a series of integrated physical experiments was conducted to simulate the process of wave-dam breach scenarios. The wave climbing process in front of a dam and the erosion characteristics of different types of waves were analysed. Critical criteria for wave-induced dam erosion and breaches were also proposed. The breaching process was examined under the influence of various factors. The results indicate that the dam breach can be divided into three stages under the impact of landslide-generated waves: surge run-up overtopping stage, surge impact erosion stage, and conventional overtopping erosion stage. When a wave climbing height in front of the dam is higher than the dam height (<em>R</em>_<em>i</em>^⁎ &gt; (<em>h</em>_<em>d</em>)_<em>i</em>-1), the dam crest is continuously eroded; when the average water level in front of the dam is greater than the height of the dam after erosion (<em>h</em>_<em>i</em> &gt; (<em>h</em>_<em>d</em>)_<em>i</em>), the earth-rock dam breaks. The erosion of the dam body induced by waves was more severe under identical hydraulic conditions than dam breaches under natural overtopping. This results in faster breach development, earlier breach initiation, higher peak discharge, longer breach duration, and greater overall risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"346 ","pages":"Article 107913"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic analysis of multi-block rockfalls using improved 3-D discontinuous deformation analysis: Effect of coefficient of restitution","authors":"Changze Li ,&nbsp;Gonghui Wang ,&nbsp;Guangqi Chen ,&nbsp;Jingyao Gao ,&nbsp;Pengcheng Yu ,&nbsp;Xinyan Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rockfalls are a frequent hazard in mountainous regions, posing significant risks to both people and infrastructure due to their high velocity, mass, and energy. However, understanding the dynamics of multi-block systems remains challenging because of their inherent complexity, complicating accurate predictions. This study focuses on the critical role of the coefficient of restitution (COR) in governing the dynamic behavior of multi-block rockfalls. To address this, an improved three-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis (3-D DDA) method is developed and applied to simulate energy dissipation during collisions in multi-block rockfalls. The improved 3-D DDA is validated through comparisons with theoretical and experimental rockfall models. Using this method, simulations of multi-block rockfalls with varying COR values are conducted to examine their influence on rockfall dynamics and deposition patterns. The analysis also incorporates friction angle to explore its interaction with the block-ground COR. Results reveal that in high-COR path materials, such as rock slopes, the sliding friction coefficient becomes a more influential factor in determining rockfall runout distances. Additionally, the integration of the 3-D DDA method with 3-D scanning technology enables simulations using real-world block geometries, facilitating the investigation of block sphericity effects. The proposed method offers a robust framework for analyzing multi-block rockfall mechanisms, improving both prediction accuracy and post-failure assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"346 ","pages":"Article 107910"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rapid unsaturated infiltration prediction method for slope stability analysis considering uncertainties: Deep operator networks","authors":"Peng Lan ,&nbsp;Jinsong Huang ,&nbsp;Jingjing Su ,&nbsp;Shuairun Zhu ,&nbsp;Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Sheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Shui-Hua Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107886","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107886","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Slope stability analysis is closely related to the quantification of uncertainties in unsaturated infiltration behavior. These uncertainties arise from both internal factors, such as spatial variability in soil physical properties, and external factors, like stochastic variability in rainfall intensity. Although random-field numerical methods provide a reliable way to quantify such uncertainties, their substantial computational demands present an obvious drawback. To address this limitation, we develop a novel data-driven surrogate model using deep operator networks (DeepONet), and construct a direct mapping between the uncertain factors and their induced responses in unsaturated-slope infiltration fields. Unlike conventional deep neural networks that approximate relationships between variables, DeepONet primarily focuses on approximating relationships between functions, learning operator mappings between them (uncertain factors and their responses in slope stability). Three unsaturated infiltration scenarios under uncertain conditions are given to evaluate the performance of DeepONet. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of applying DeepONet for rapid and accurate prediction of unsaturated infiltration behavior in slopes. DeepONet exhibits an advantage in computational speed for uncertain slope stability problems, outperforming traditional numerical solvers by several orders of magnitude without requiring additional repeat training.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 107886"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model test study of soil grouting effect on shield tunnel longitudinal structural behavior","authors":"Yu-shan Hua,&nbsp;Dong-ming Zhang,&nbsp;Hong-wei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil grouting has been widely applied in many shield tunnel settlement rehabilitation projects worldwide. However, the effectiveness of grouting on tunnel longitudinal performance largely relies on experience and field detection. In this study, a self-designed grouting model system was used to conduct a series of tests investigating soil and structural behaviors during grouting. Various grouting parameters, including burial depth, grouting volume and times, and grouting pressure, were analyzed to assess their impact on tunnel mechanical deformation. Results indicate that slurry diffusion in sand involves both compaction and fracture mechanisms, and the compaction of the surrounding soil diminishes along the expansion direction of the slurry vein. Reducing burial depth, increasing grouting volume and pressure, and employing continuous grouting all can enhance the effectiveness of settlement reduction. However, these reductions in settlement are often associated with adverse circumferential joint deformations, particularly joint dislocation. Multiple discontinuous grouting and shallow buried strata would introduce more disturbances, causing greater variation in joint deformation and more significant dissipation of additional stress after grouting. These findings provide valuable references for optimizing grouting practices in similar engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 107912"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi-method approach in the physical and mechanical assessment of lava rocks with distinct microstructure","authors":"Maria Luísa Pereira ,&nbsp;Lucia Pappalardo ,&nbsp;Gianmarco Buono ,&nbsp;Nora Cueto ,&nbsp;Carmen Vázquez-Calvo ,&nbsp;Rafael Fort ,&nbsp;Matilde Costa e Silva ,&nbsp;Isabel Fernandes ,&nbsp;Vittorio Zanon ,&nbsp;Paulo Amaral","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Volcanic rocks are common geological-geotechnical units with several heterogeneities. Their microstructural influence on deformation remains unexplored in engineering contexts. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of lava rocks ranging from basalts to trachytes, comprising massive and vesicular textures, varying degrees of fracturing and distinct pore size distributions. A multi-method approach combining X-ray microtomography, thin section analysis, and mercury intrusion porosimetry allowed to characterise the pore space and crystals at distinct scales and define fluid transport mechanisms. Digital rock physics allowed for determining absolute permeability and porosity and developing novel pore network models. Mechanical tests during time-resolved 3D X-ray imaging allowed for fracture development visualisation on varied lavas. Additional physical and mechanical properties were determined following international standards.</div><div>Results show that porosity (4 %-29 %) is primarily influenced by pore size and connectivity rather than vesicle shape or orientation. Macrovesicles (&gt; 15 μm) are sub-spherical, while low sphericity indicates vesicle coalescence and fractures, which reduce rock strength and stiffness more than the feldspar content. Vesicular specimens (effective porosities above 10 %) have a permeability controlled by the vesicle size, while the number of microcracks and porosity define permeability in both massive and fractured lavas.</div><div>This study highlights the importance of microstructural assessment as a foundation for geological and geotechnical investigations, enabling informed material selection and building conservation strategies. The adopted analysis strategy, which combines techniques often used separately, has proven effective and is suggested for extending to the study of other complex materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"346 ","pages":"Article 107907"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initiation and motion of rainfall-induced loose fill slope failure: New insights from the MPM","authors":"Z.Q. Zhan ,&nbsp;C. Zhou ,&nbsp;Y.F. Cui ,&nbsp;C.Q. Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Loose fill slopes are prevalent worldwide, and their failure during rainstorms is frequently documented. While existing studies have primarily focused on the initiation of such failures, the post-failure motion of rainfall-induced loose fill slope failures has rarely been explored. This study addresses this knowledge gap by investigating both the initiation and subsequent motion of rainfall-induced loose fill slope failures. To achieve this goal, a hydro-mechanical coupled MPM model was utilized to back-analyze the catastrophic 1976 Sau Mau Ping landslide in Hong Kong and conduct parametric studies. From an engineering perspective, the contractive behaviour of loose coarse-grained soil, which induces positive excess pore water pressure and leads to Bishop's stress reduction and a drop in strength, is a major factor contributing to this landslide. The entire failure process can be classified into three phases with different failure modes: local slide, global slide, and flow-like slide, closely related to the soil stress path. The computed results closely match the field measurements on various aspects, including the landslide zone, mobilized volume, and runout distance. The parametric studies reveal that the landslide zone, mobilized soil volume, and final runout distance decrease with a lower value of dilation angle and a smaller critical state plastic deviatoric strain. Conversely, in the case of a constant SWRC, there tends to be an overestimation of these parameters. It is therefore important to consider soil contraction and its influence on hydro-mechanical behaviour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"346 ","pages":"Article 107909"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal stability and risk analysis of soil slopes subject to rainfall: The influence of heterogeneity","authors":"Cheng Qian ,&nbsp;Yajun Li ,&nbsp;Philip J. Vardon ,&nbsp;Wei Shao ,&nbsp;Jiahe Song ,&nbsp;Bin Zhang ,&nbsp;Nengxiong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Evaluating the temporal stability and risk of unsaturated soil slopes during rainfall is essential for early warning and emergency response to landslides. However, limited research has been conducted on the transition timing of sliding mechanisms, instability/failure time and the integration of sliding consequences into quantitative risk assessment. In order to extend the research in this field, the Random Finite Element Method (RFEM) is used in this paper to investigate the influence of spatial variability of hydraulic properties (related to the fundamental parameter porosity) on the temporal stability and risk of soil slopes subject to rainfall. The findings indicate that the advancing speed of the wetting front is more rapidly in zones with low porosity than that in zones with high porosity. As rainfall progresses, the sliding mechanism of the slope shifts from deep sliding to shallow sliding. The homogeneous case tends to underestimate the rise in groundwater levels, leading to an overestimation of slope stability. Hydraulic boundary conditions significantly affect slope stability, making it crucial to consider horizontal (or near the toe of the slope) drainage conditions in practical applications. Additionally, the time of instability/failure predicted in the homogeneous case may be delayed compared to the actual conditions. Both probability of instability/failure and risk increase with continued rainfall. Compared to scenarios where the spatial variability of internal friction angle is not considered, the probability of instability/failure and risk will be higher when the spatial variability of internal friction angle is additionally considered. Risk-based assessment can define the risk levels, reflecting the severity of sliding consequences. Furthermore, the Malin slope failure record from the Chibo region of India is used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The probabilities of slope failure align well with actual observations, and the risk-based assessment provides additional information into the Malin landslide. This paper proposes a general model for studying the performance of heterogeneous slopes subject to rainfall, providing valuable guidance for landslide early warning systems and the scope and timing of emergency measures taken.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 107895"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143035283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic mechanism triggering the catastrophic Xinjing Landslide in Alxa, Inner Mongolia, China","authors":"Fangpeng Cui ,&nbsp;Chen Xiong ,&nbsp;Qiang Wu ,&nbsp;You Zhou ,&nbsp;Chengheng Hou ,&nbsp;Linfeng Fan ,&nbsp;Miao Liu ,&nbsp;Hao Xu ,&nbsp;Xu Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Few studies have been conducted on the deformation and failure behaviors of open-pit slopes exposed to the combined impacts of mining blasting and geostructure, particularly those generated purely by mining blasting. This study proposes an integrated approach, specifically including dynamic modeling using a novel mesh generation strategy, to systematically reveal the progressive deformation, critical failure and long runout of a catastrophic landslide that occurred on 22 February 2023 at the Xinjing open pit mine, Inner Mongolia. The results show that the internal factors responsible for the landslide include lithological setting, micro-landform, geological structure, and rock mass structure. An unidentified pre-existing reverse fault served as the key internal factor. On the other hand, the external trigger for the landslide was the blasting operation near the slope foot, which exacerbated the fragmentation and ultimately led to the critical failure and overall slide along the fault plane. The landslide manifested as an advancing rock wedge slide. The failure initiated from the back and then the middle parts of the original slope, which pushed the front and foot to trigger the subsequent creep. The following runout was controlled by the topographic relief of the open-pit bottom and consisted of five stages: critical failure, disintegration and fragmentation, debris avalanche, collision and surging up, and accumulation and self-stabilization. Finally, the blasting vibration was identified as the sole trigger for the Xinjing landslide, which had been subjected to the prolonged impact of the reverse fault. This study highlights how important it is to account for the sole effect of mining blasting when assessing the stability of open-pit slopes, which can mitigate the failure risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"346 ","pages":"Article 107911"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142990355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}