Engineering Geology最新文献

{"title":"Experimental study on site and topographic effects on seismic responses in single-sided slopes","authors":"Moon-Gyo Lee ,&nbsp;Chang-Guk Sun ,&nbsp;Han-Saem Kim ,&nbsp;Yun-Wook Choo ,&nbsp;Hyung-Ik Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Topographic effects can alter seismic ground motion characteristics, resulting in complex seismic responses on slopes, ridges, and other irregular terrains. While the significance of topographic amplification has been observed in historical earthquakes and extensively studied, quantifying and parameterizing the variations in seismic motion caused by these effects remains challenging. This study investigates the seismic responses of single-sided slopes under topographic and site influences using geotechnical centrifuge modeling. Various input motions, including actual earthquake records, were applied to identical slope models with different subsoil thicknesses. The results revealed that topographic amplification at the slope crest was frequency-dependent, contrary to the conventional assumption of uniform topographic amplification factors. Significant resonances were identified at specific frequencies associated with topographic and site features, leading to notable crest amplification. Amplification was further enhanced when the resonant frequencies of topographic and site features converged. Through comprehensive analysis in the time, frequency, and time–frequency domains, we evaluated the resonant frequency bands induced by topographic and site features and their amplifications. Additionally, the study confirmed that the seismic responses of the slope models to actual earthquake motions closely resembled those of sinusoidal waves with similar frequency characteristics, supporting the reliability and field applicability of the findings. These insights improve our understanding of topographic and site effects on seismic ground motion and highlight the need to accurately incorporate these effects into design spectra for regions with complex terrain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 107868"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on the influence factor for the permeability reduction effect in biogrouted fracture using stage injection strategy","authors":"Lei Shi ,&nbsp;Xiao Yang ,&nbsp;Jinxin Li ,&nbsp;Haiyang Qiao ,&nbsp;Bin Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianwei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explored in detail the influence of factors related to microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) on permeability reduction. A stage injection strategy was adapted, in which the bacterial and cementing solutions were sequentially injected. Three factors were considered: volume ratio between the bacterial and cementing solutions, cementing solution concentration, and injection flow rate. Analyses were conducted to determine the influence of the three factors on the permeability reduction effect. The permeability reduction effect was evaluated based on the hydraulic conductivity reduction rate, CaCO₃ mass, CaCO₃ distribution, and crystal characteristics. Some interesting findings were presented. Firstly, the three factors influenced the permeability reduction in the fracture, mainly through the influence of the induced CaCO₃ mass. An increase in the volume ratio between the bacterial and cementing solutions has a positive effect on permeability reduction. An increase in the injection flow rate has a negative effect on the permeability reduction. The cementing solution concentration had a positive effect on the permeability reduction when it was smaller than a certain value, e.g. 1.5 mol/L. Secondly, the three factors influenced the uniform distribution of the induced CaCO₃, which in turn influenced the seepage characteristics in the fracture. This can affect the permeability reduction effect. It was found that the crystal phase formation was also influenced by these three factors. Thirdly, a quantitative analysis of the degree of influence of the three factors was conducted. The injection flow rate was found to have the greatest influence on the hydraulic conductivity reduction rate, CaCO₃ related parameters, and performance objective value. This indicates that the injection flow rate is a key factor in the MICP treatment of fractures using the stage injection method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 107869"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic identification of rock fractures based on deep learning","authors":"Yaopeng Ji,&nbsp;Shengyuan Song,&nbsp;Wen Zhang,&nbsp;Yuchao Li,&nbsp;Jingyu Xue,&nbsp;Jianping Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rock fractures are one of the main factors leading to rock failure. Accurately extracting fracture characteristics is crucial for understanding the rock failure mechanism. Inspired by the latest developments in computer vision, we introduce a state-of-the-art deep learning model YOLACT++ for the automated interpretation of rock fractures. YOLACT++ inherits the basic architecture of YOLACT (You Only Look At CoefficienTs) and optimizes the backbone network, which improves segmentation accuracy while ensuring real-time performance. Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle multi-angled proximity photography, the dataset is collected from various rocky slopes for model training and validation. We propose performance evaluation metrics for the model, including intersection over union, precision, and recall, as well as quantitative parameters for describing fractures, including orientation, trace length, roughness, aperture, spacing, and fracture intensity. The segmentation results of YOLACT++ are compared with two other classic instance segmentation models, the Mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN) and the You Only Look Once (YOLO) V8. The results show that YOLACT++ has a stronger generalization ability, with more accurate segmentation results at image boundaries. With the ResNet-101 backbone network, YOLACT++ achieves 93.8 %, 87.1 % and 92.2 % for precision, intersection over union and recall, respectively. This represents improvements of 5.4 %, 3.6 %, and 8.3 % compared to Mask R-CNN, and 3.3 %, 7.8 %, and 4.2 % compared to YOLO V8. Overall, the deep learning-based YOLACT++ model proposed in this study provides an efficient and reliable approach for the automated interpretation of rock fractures. It can also be applied to crack recognition in other materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 107874"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the main controlling factors on the tangential restitution coefficient of rockfall impact","authors":"Zhong-Min Ji ,&nbsp;Ting-Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Jie Wu ,&nbsp;Fa-Quan Wu ,&nbsp;Zhen-Hua Li ,&nbsp;Dong-Po Wang ,&nbsp;Yi-Ju Tang ,&nbsp;Chang-Le Zhao ,&nbsp;Qing-He Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107871","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The tangential restitution coefficient (&lt;em&gt;R&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;t&lt;/sub&gt;) is a key control parameter for predicting rockfall impact-rebound processes. However, as the understanding of this parameter is not yet profound or comprehensive, it has received less attention, and there is no consensus on the existing research conclusions regarding it. Therefore, in this study, eight main controlling factors of &lt;em&gt;R&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;t&lt;/sub&gt; were identified according to the impact dynamics theory and the results of previous studies. Subsequently, the effect of each main controlling factor on &lt;em&gt;R&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;t&lt;/sub&gt; was systematically investigated using a specially developed test apparatus. The incident velocity (&lt;em&gt;V&lt;/em&gt;) positively correlated with &lt;em&gt;R&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;t&lt;/sub&gt;; however, when &lt;em&gt;V&lt;/em&gt; was sufficiently large, its effect on &lt;em&gt;R&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;t&lt;/sub&gt; was insignificant. Based on the slopes of the loose superficial materials, the two were negatively correlated. For vertical impacts on an inclined slope (VI), &lt;em&gt;R&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;t&lt;/sub&gt; decreased with an increase in the impact angle, whereas, for inclined impacts on the horizontal ground (IH), the impact angle had the contrary effect on &lt;em&gt;R&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;t&lt;/sub&gt; for blocks prone to local fragmentation. To clarify the effect of rotational speed on &lt;em&gt;R&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;t&lt;/sub&gt;, two integrated variables, the normal and tangential impact posture coefficients (&lt;em&gt;IPC&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;y&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; and &lt;em&gt;IPC&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;x&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;) which comprehensively consider the rotational speed, block shape, and impact posture, were introduced and the contact characteristics of the block and slope were classified and explored. When the mass centre (MC) of the block was in front of the contact point (CP), &lt;em&gt;IPC&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;y&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; was positively correlated with R&lt;sub&gt;t&lt;/sub&gt;, whereas, the relationship between the two was unclear when the MC was behind the CP. Generally, &lt;em&gt;R&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;t&lt;/sub&gt; values were higher under the former condition than that under the latter, and the effects of gravity and local contact crushing of the angular-shaped blocks on &lt;em&gt;R&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;t&lt;/sub&gt; were more significant than that of &lt;em&gt;IPC&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;x&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt; under VI. On densely rocky and loosely material slopes, &lt;em&gt;R&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;t&lt;/sub&gt; showed upward and downward trends, respectively, as the block size increased. The higher the angularity and geometric asymmetry of the block, the higher was the &lt;em&gt;R&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;t&lt;/sub&gt; value. Under low- or high-kinetic-energy conditions, &lt;em&gt;R&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;t&lt;/sub&gt; increased or decreased with increasing Schmidt hardness of the block. Considering all the slope materials, &lt;em&gt;R&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;t&lt;/sub&gt; increased with an increase in Schmidt hardness. A new index, effective impact surface roughness, was introduced to quantify the roughness level of the slope surface. It exhibited a strong positive correlation with &lt;em&gt;R&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;t&lt;/sub&gt; for large values, whereas, for small values, &lt;em&gt;R&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;t&lt;/sub&gt; values displayed polarisation. The","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 107871"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study of cone penetration tests to predict effective internal friction angles of cohesive soils","authors":"Wenli Zhang ,&nbsp;Dong Wang ,&nbsp;Jingbin Zheng ,&nbsp;Dengfeng Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cone penetration tests have been employed extensively in both onshore and offshore site investigations to obtain the strength properties of soils. Interpretation of effective internal friction angle <em>φ</em>' becomes complicated for cones in silty clays or clayey silts, since the soil around the advancing cone may be under partially drained conditions. Although there exist several robust methods to estimate <em>φ</em>', the pore pressure at the cone shoulder has to be measured to represent the drainage conditions. Many cone penetrometers in practice are not equipped with a pore pressure transducer. Even for a piezocone, the pore pressure recorded in-situ may be unreliable due to the poorly saturated or clogged filter. These limitations prohibit the application of existing methods. Large deformation finite element analyses were carried out within the formula of effective stress to reproduce the cone penetrations under various drainage conditions. The numerical approach was validated against the existing model tests in centrifuge and chamber, with wide ranges of penetration rates and soil types. A backbone curve is proposed to estimate the normalized cone resistance varying with the normalized penetration rate. Based on the backbone curve, a procedure is developed to predict <em>φ</em>' of cohesive soils under undrained or partially drained conditions, replacing the pore pressure with the normalized penetration rate. The procedure can be used for soils with an overconsolidation ratio no larger than 5.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 107870"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rill erosion in post-seismic watershed – A non-negligible transporting way of fluvial sediment","authors":"Leling Xiao ,&nbsp;Chao Guo ,&nbsp;Jizeng Du ,&nbsp;Hongxi Liu ,&nbsp;Yang Zhou ,&nbsp;Yujun Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mass wasting caused by large-magnitude earthquakes supplies suspended sediment. Landslides and debris flows are commonly considered major transport pathways by which mass wasting is conveyed to streams. However, a contradiction exists in that fluvial sediment remains high years after the earthquake, when landslides and debris flows rarely occur. Our study assumes that water erosion is a major process releasing fine grains and estimate sediment from landslide, debris flow and water erosion. When calculating water erosion, we simulate two states of rill and sheet erosion, respectively. By comparing observed sediments to simulated sheet and rill erosion, our results verify that alteration from sheet to rill erosion is major primary for fine sediment transportation in post-seismic watershed. Changes in the erosion state increase the sediment supply to streams, turn the sediment regime from “supply-limited” to “transport-limited”, and explain the high fluvial sediment amount under well-recovered vegetation conditions in post-seismic watersheds. Water erosion is demonstrated to be as important as debris flows in exporting suspended sediments and is suggested to be included in the mass balance calculations of earthquakes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 107867"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultural activity and impact of extreme weather events revealed by ambient seismic noise and perspective on quick clay failure monitoring in Oslo, Norway","authors":"Charlotte Bruland ,&nbsp;Anna Maria Dichiarante ,&nbsp;Andreas Köhler ,&nbsp;Volker Oye ,&nbsp;Ivan Van Bever ,&nbsp;Eric Larose","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study of urban seismic noise offers various approaches to monitor cities, from source identification to structural investigations. We demonstrate its potential to monitor cultural activity and quick clay failure in Oslo, Norway using low-cost seismic sensors. We identify train passages, a rock concert, construction blasts, local earthquakes and a meteor. To retrieve seismic velocity variations in the near subsurface, we apply seismic interferometry to three years of urban noise (1–4 Hz) recorded at four sensors, two in a quick clay risk area. Despite urban noise variability, we obtain stable noise correlation functions using 1-day-stacks. The extracted velocity variations reveal changes in the ground due to freezing and thawing as well as due to pore pressure variations related to snowmelt and rainfall. Along with anti-correlation of velocity variations and pore pressure, we observe hysteresis associated to the soil’s water retention under different moisture conditions, which could provide insights into potential landslide hazard. A sharp velocity drop accompanying the heavy rainfall associated with an extreme weather event is observed. All these observations give us insights to what subsurface changes can be resolved and expected over longer time periods, which will allow us to identify unusual and permanent changes, e.g., related to quick clay. Theoretical dispersion curve analysis shows that lowering the velocity in a section of the sedimentary layer containing quick clay reduces surface wave velocities within the frequency range of interest. These results suggest that measuring velocity variations at our study site has the potential to detect quick clay instabilities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 107936"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143199011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study on the stiffening properties of scour protection around monopiles for Offshore Wind Turbines","authors":"Carlos Menéndez-Vicente ,&nbsp;Susana López-Querol ,&nbsp;John M. Harris ,&nbsp;Nicholas S. Tavouktsoglou","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107835","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107835","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An active marine seabed causing scour around monopile foundations has to be addressed as a geological hazard. These structures are often protected with rock armour to prevent foundation failure. However, scour protection also increases the confining pressure and embedment length, providing additional stiffness to the soil–pile system. This study focuses on the stiffening effect of scour protection to optimise foundation design. A parametric analysis of the dimensions and materials of scour protection is carried out with more than 100 simulations to assess the stiffening effect of scour protection. Therefore, small-diameter and large-diameter monopiles are investigated. Numerical analysis with the Finite Element method is conducted to estimate the natural frequencies and the static capacity through moment and lateral load (<span><math><mrow><mi>M</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>H</mi></mrow></math></span>) curves and the Load Utilisation method. These methods, which are new to the study of scour protection, are proposed for the quantification and assessment of scour protection in foundation design. The results show that rock fill restores the initial foundation conditions independently of the pile dimensions. While for small-diameter monopiles, scour protection fulfils its double purpose of preventing scour and providing stiffness to the foundation, for large-diameter monopiles the contribution to the stiffness is limited and should only be considered for heavy rock armour and significant scour protection heights. The parametric analysis indicates that a thicker and heavier scour protection increases the static capacity by 10%, whereas the width or a densification through sand accretion have negligible effects (<span><math><mo>&lt;</mo></math></span>1%). The <span><math><mrow><mi>M</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>H</mi></mrow></math></span> curves and the Load Utilisation method have shown to be effective in assessing the static capacity of monopiles supporting Offshore Wind Turbines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 107835"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D high-density ambient noise imaging of the Nankou-Sunhe buried active fault in Beijing","authors":"Xu Liu ,&nbsp;Ketong Hu ,&nbsp;Rongyi Qian ,&nbsp;Shuai Zhao ,&nbsp;Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianyu Ling ,&nbsp;Zhenning Ma ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Wu ,&nbsp;Yinhu Huang ,&nbsp;Yongqi Meng ,&nbsp;Zhanfei Li ,&nbsp;Dongya Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Nankou-Sunhe fault (NSF) is a vital buried active fault within the Beijing Plain. Investigating the detailed structure of the NSF and the sedimentary structures on both sides is pivotal for urban engineering projects to mitigate geological hazards. Three-dimensional (3D) seismic exploration can provide comprehensive and precise information about subsurface structures, aiding in the identification and characterisation of the spatial geometry, extensional direction, and features of sedimentary structures on both sides of the fault. In this study, we conducted a 3D high-density ambient noise seismic survey covering approximately 40 km² around the NSF. Utilising the Multichannel Analysis of Passive Surface waves (MAPS), we obtained fundamental mode Rayleigh wave phase velocity diagrams in the 0.5–4 Hz range, subsequently inverting them to reveal a 3D shear (<em>S</em>)-wave velocity model extending to a depth of 1 km. The model shows lower velocities in the southwestern region, with shallow S-wave velocities of approximately 400–600 m/s and deep-seated velocities ranging from 1800 to 2000 m/s. The northeastern region is characterised by higher velocities, with shallow S-wave velocities of approximately 900–1200 m/s and deeper velocities reaching 3000–3400 m/s. The NSF is a high angle (50°-70°) normal fault striking northeast and dipping towards the southwest; the dip angle exhibits local variation. An S-wave velocity of 1 km/s was used to estimate sediment thickness on both sides of the fault. The MaChikou Sag (MCKS) on the southwest side of the NSF is approximately 400–600 m thick, while the northeastern JingXi High (JXH) is less than 200 m thick. The NSF was positively correlated with the bedrock surface (1 km/s isovelocity). Moreover, this study ascertained that by employing MAPS with a 200 m station spacing within a complex and noisy urban environment, one can extract accurate fundamental-mode Rayleigh waves, allowing for the subsequent construction of a 3D high-resolution S-wave velocity model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"345 ","pages":"Article 107862"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of directionality influence on non-Darcian flow in single rock fractures","authors":"Zihao Sun ,&nbsp;Liangchao Zou ,&nbsp;Jia-Qing Zhou ,&nbsp;Liangqing Wang ,&nbsp;Yue Zhu ,&nbsp;Xunwan Yao ,&nbsp;Rui Ke","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Significant differences in non-Darcian flow between different directions (i.e., forward and reverse flow directions) exist in rock fractures, and understanding of these differences holds crucial implications for evaluating and characterizing flow within fractured rocks. This study proposes a directional aperture parameter to quantitatively characterize the differences in flow between different directions. Firstly, a directional aperture parameter capable of quantitatively distinguishing geometric information of fractures in different directions is proposed. Then, 900 sets of linear and nonlinear flow numerical experiments based on 90 rough fractures are conducted. The results reveal that the differences between forward and reverse flow are shown in the nonlinear flow regime, with equal viscous permeability but significant differences in inertial permeability between the two flow directions. The main reason for the differences lies in the variations of aperture along the two flow directions. A dual-parameter model characterizing the inertial permeability is established by using the directional aperture parameter based on the numerical experimental data from the 90 rough fractures. The critical condition where the significant differences between the forward and reverse flow starting to appear are identified. The quantitative characterization of differences in three-dimensional rough fractures between different directional flows is discussed. The findings from this study could be helpful in advancing our understanding of fluid flow behaviors in natural rock fractures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"347 ","pages":"Article 107947"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143198596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}