Engineering Geology最新文献

{"title":"Advanced seismic microzonation of a medium size city over a deep sedimentary basin: The case of Foggia (Southern Italy)","authors":"N. Putrino ,&nbsp;G. Cardillo ,&nbsp;N. Carfagna ,&nbsp;D. Albarello","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismic microzonation is a basic element for emergency planning and developing effective risk reduction strategies. An application is presented of a cost-effective advanced strategy for the seismic microzonation of a large settlement: the city of Foggia in Southern Italy. Available geological and geophysical data have been reinterpreted and integrated with inversion techniques in order to reconstruct the seismostratigraphic structure of the local subsurface. Numerical simulations have been considered to infer the impact of these configurations on the local seismic hazard by taking into account uncertainty affecting the subsoil configuration. It has been demonstrated that the depth of the reference seismic bedrock plays a crucial role in hazard assessment, but its identification becomes challenging in the presence of a deep sedimentary basin, such as in the case of Foggia. Unlike most previous seismic microzonation studies in Italy, this work addresses uncertainties in expected seismic amplification effects and by considering alternative reference seismic bedrock configurations. On this basis, peak ground acceleration relative to 475y return period has been estimated for the study area by accounting for site effects and relevant uncertainty in the frame of a coherent probabilistic approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 108369"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-time geological hazard detection ahead of tunnel face using blast-induced seismic signals: A case study in Tashan Tunnel, China","authors":"Xingang Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuai Cheng ,&nbsp;Jiquan Zi ,&nbsp;Liping Li ,&nbsp;Qinliang Sun ,&nbsp;Chao Jia ,&nbsp;Hao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surrounding rock in near-surface tunnels of Yantai city, China, characterized by high weathering, densely developed fractures, and locally broken rock masses, resulting in challenges such as poor stability and low excavation efficiency. However, existing geophysical detection methods generally require suspension of construction activities, affecting tunneling progress. This study develops a novel method utilizing blast-induced seismic signals during tunneling for advance prediction, achieving high-resolution real-time detection of fractured zones without disrupting ongoing construction activities. Based on field data from the Tashan Tunnel in Yantai City, complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD) was applied to analyze blast-induced signals, thereby guiding parameter selection for three-dimensional wavefield simulation. The proposed method employs seismic interferometry to reconstruct simulated blast signals into virtual shot gathers equivalent to active source excitation, accurately predicting shear wave velocity variation interfaces (lithological boundaries) ahead of the tunnel face with minimal error (approximately 0.3 m). Field implementation in the Tashan Tunnel Project demonstrated the method's effectiveness, successfully predicting densely fractured zones more than 30 m ahead of the excavation face with high accuracy (error of about 1 m). This prediction guided timely implementation of preventive measures, including face hazard removal, prompt closure of primary support, and short-distance advance drilling to assess whether modifications to excavation methods were necessary. This innovative approach employs random blast signals for risk detection, providing valuable reference for optimizing advanced support systems and excavation methods in tunnel projects through complex geological environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 108364"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unwrapping distinct dominant factors among different types of active landslides in the Banbar-Lhorong Region, Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Guanhua Zhao ,&nbsp;Hengxing Lan ,&nbsp;Langping Li ,&nbsp;Alexander Strom ,&nbsp;Zheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Wenxuan Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Landslides of different types exhibit distinct predisposing and triggering mechanisms, necessitating analysis of landslide dominant factors individually for each type. However, many regional studies have neglected proper classification, leading to overly generalized and diluted conclusions. This paper focuses on the Banbar-Lhorong Region (BLR) in the Tibetan Plateau, where surface deformation was retrieved using SBAS-InSAR time-series analysis. A robust, type-specific, feature-zoned inventory of active landslides was compiled through three-step selection, classification, and zonation, comprising 93 rock slope deformations (RSDs), 66 rockfalls (RFs), 86 rock avalanches (RAs), and 253 rock glaciers (RGs). The dominance of eight predisposing factors on spatial distribution was quantified with the decisiveness index, while dominance over temporal activity was evaluated by correlating short-term climate variables with deformation rates. Results show that weak correlations between landslides and factors emerge when all landslide types are analyzed together, causing a “wrapping” of dominant factors. Contrarily, type-wise analysis successfully unwrapped distinct dominant factors among different landslide types. Spatially, RSDs are dominated by elevation and rainfall, clustering in low-elevation, high-rainfall valleys; RFs by slope, clustering on freeze–thaw affected steep slopes; RAs by lithology, associating with weak lithologies in steep, faulted terrain; and RGs by elevation and temperature, clustering in high-altitude permafrost zones. Temporally, RSDs accelerate with temperature fluctuations, while RFs, RAs, and RGs spike with intense rainfall. By “unwrapping” type-specific factor dominance, this study provides new insights into landslide constraints and demonstrates that type-wise analysis can fundamentally improve hazard assessment and targeted mitigation in complex regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 108368"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mobility of high-altitude and long-runout landslides in cirque terrain: Insights from movement in grain silos","authors":"Yang Gao ,&nbsp;Yueping Yin ,&nbsp;Bin Li ,&nbsp;Haodong Yin ,&nbsp;Liming Wang ,&nbsp;Bingyang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Complex terrain is one of the main factors affecting the mobility of high-altitude and long-runout landslides. The gravity flow in silos provides information about dynamic landslide processes in cirque terrain. Based on simulations of numerical flume tests, in this study, we analyzed the influences of the funnel shape, lateral erosion, ice-grain mixing and melting, and inter-grain friction on the motility of high-altitude and long-runout landslides. The results show that (i) the kinematic process of the sliding mass can be divided into bulk flow, funnel flow, pipeline flow, and diffusion flow in cirque terrain. In the funnel flow movement stage, due to gradual narrowing of the terrain, lateral extrusion of the grains can form a dynamic arch effect, increasing the radial stress and lateral erosion intensity. (ii) Due to the formation of a dynamic arch, the inter-grain friction coefficient is proportional to the lateral pressure. The top angle of the wedge in funnel terrain is inversely proportional to the lateral pressure and the peak flow rate. The larger the top angle of the wedge is, the more significant the dead zone is, and the more scattered the grains in the accumulation body are. (iii) When lateral erosion and ice mixing and melting occur, they can cause a decrease in the lateral pressure and can enhance the break of the dynamic arch due to widening of the channels and decrease in the inter-grains friction, thus amplifying the mobility of the long runout landslide. Based on the above research results, the influences of the grain silo terrain should be fully investigated, and the impact of the lateral erosion effect should be fully considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 108371"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the dynamic impact of urbanization on landslide susceptibility in Sichuan Province using an explainable XGBoost model","authors":"Yufeng He ,&nbsp;Mingtao Ding ,&nbsp;Yu Duan ,&nbsp;Hao Zheng ,&nbsp;Jianbo Wu ,&nbsp;Li Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108372","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Landslides pose significant threats to human life and are influenced by anthropogenic modifications associated with urbanization. Assessing the impact of urbanization on landslides remains a challenging task that has not yet been fully quantified. To address this issue, this study develops an interpretable machine learning model to quantify the variation in and driving mechanisms behind landslide susceptibility under urbanization from 2000 to 2020. In Sichuan Province, the study area experienced a 137 % increase in urban impervious surface area, covering an area of 2.4 × 10⁴ km². In this context, 18.56 % of the study area experienced an increase in landslide susceptibility, with an average increment of 14 %. The Shapley method was employed to identify the most influential factors on landslide susceptibility, including elevation, topographic relief, distance to roads, annual precipitation, and NDVI. In urban areas, road construction activities and rainfall were identified as the primary contributors to increased landslide susceptibility. In urbanizing areas, human activities, precipitation, and vegetation degradation emerged as key factors influencing changes in landslide susceptibility. The results confirm that urbanization increases landslide susceptibility and highlight the importance of using interpretable machine learning techniques to understand this phenomenon. These findings, along with the proposed analytical framework, offer new perspectives and insights for the in-depth study, prediction, and management of landslide risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 108372"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A data-driven method in predicting crack coalescence based on pre-existing flaw geometry","authors":"Chunjiang Zou ,&nbsp;Boyuan Chen ,&nbsp;Huakun Yu ,&nbsp;Sihan Yan ,&nbsp;Ruoge Wang ,&nbsp;Ruoxi Zhu ,&nbsp;Yunshun Li ,&nbsp;Daokun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coalescence of the discontinuities often leads to rock mass failure. This study develops a novel data-driven approach to predict crack coalescence in Carrara marble with double pre-existing flaws, focusing on flaw geometric parameters: inclination angle (β), bridging angle (α), and ligament length (L). Using 252 groups of numerical simulations validated against physical Carrara marble experiments, a Gaussian Process classifier was trained to predict coalescence types (no coalescence, direct, indirect) with high accuracy. Results reveal direct coalescence dominates (78 %), with β exerting the strongest influence (40 % weight). Non-linear relationships between flaw geometry and coalescence were quantified, enabling probabilistic predictions for untested configurations. This method eliminates the need for resource-intensive simulations or experiments, offering an efficient tool for failure forecasting in the future. Findings can enhance rock mass stability assessments in tunneling, mining, and rock slope, and will advance predictive modeling in geohazard mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 108362"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A nonlinear variation safety factor calculation method for slopes based on slide mass shear constitutive model and landslide displacement","authors":"Yi Tang ,&nbsp;Hang Lin ,&nbsp;Rihong Cao ,&nbsp;Chaoyi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Landslide displacement dynamically drives the evolution of slope stability, a critical phenomenon empirically demonstrated by numerous early-warning cases. Yet, conventional slope stability calculation methods fundamentally fail to capture this displacement-dependent behavior. Knowing the effect of landslide displacement on slope stability can greatly improve the efficiency of landslide warning and reduce the loss caused by landslide disaster. For this reason, this paper constructs a rock shear constitutive model based on damage mechanics. Considering the parameter differences between small-size specimens and large rock masses due to the size effect, the Hoek-Brown criterion is introduced. By the Hoek-Brown criterion, the rock shear constitutive model was successfully transformed into a slide mass shear constitutive model. Finally, the slide mass shear constitutive model was brought into the slope model and an expression for the dynamic calculation of slope safety factor based on landslide displacement was derived. In addition, Finite Difference Method (FDM) was used to verify the validity of the dynamic calculation expression of slope safety factor in this paper. The results show that each rock interface on the slip surface of the slope owns a different shear constitutive curve due to the different normal loads. The factor of safety of the slope will show a nonlinear variation with the increase of the landslide displacement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 108363"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated identification of ground kinematic patterns based on InSAR time series displacement and K-SC clustering","authors":"Yiwen Liang ,&nbsp;Haijun Qiu ,&nbsp;Jiading Wang ,&nbsp;Yaru Zhu ,&nbsp;Kailiang Zhao ,&nbsp;Yijun Li ,&nbsp;Zijing Liu ,&nbsp;Jian Song ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Yang ,&nbsp;Yanfei Kou","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Identifying and understanding ground kinematic patterns is essential for landslide disaster mitigation and early warning. The ground displacement time series obtained through Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique enables monitoring the evolution of the Earth's surface. However, interpreting enormous volumes of InSAR time series displacement is both labor-intensive and subjective, limiting its applicability across wide regions. In the study, we propose a method for automatically identifying slope kinematic patterns based on InSAR time series displacement and the K-Spectral Centroid (K-SC) clustering algorithm. Five distinct displacement patterns were identified, without accounting for the effects of inconsistent displacement direction and magnitude. The trend components of displacement patterns were then evaluated using least squares fitting, while seasonal components were extracted through empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and a modified separation method. The identified kinematic patterns are characterized by trend variations, periodicity of seasonal components and lag time relative to triggering factors. Our results enhance the applicability of InSAR technique for exploring intrinsic displacement behaviors associated with ground movement. Furthermore, the proposed method for automated identification and analysis of kinematic patterns is applicable to various types of ground movement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 108367"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The critical role of fracture propagation in the evolution of extensive, structurally preconditioned rockslides","authors":"R. Gerstner ,&nbsp;A. Maschler ,&nbsp;B. Schneider-Muntau ,&nbsp;F. Agliardi ,&nbsp;M. Avian ,&nbsp;M. Frießenbichler ,&nbsp;C. Zangerl","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inherited rock mass structure often preconditions rockslides in foliated, metamorphic rock slopes. However, the role of progressive fracturing processes associated with rock slope failure is receiving increasing attention. This paper demonstrates how rock mass fracturing can overcome limitations imposed by the inherited rock mass structure in two high-alpine rockslides with volumes of 670,000 and 1,000,000 m³, applying a comprehensive methodological approach.</div><div>The rockslides' evolution and kinematics are unravelled based on remote sensing campaigns. Geological-geotechnical field and laboratory investigations provide the basis for a complementary numerical approach, utilising discrete-element (DEM) and hybrid-finite-discrete-element (FDEM) models. Leveraging the potential of each numerical approach, the rockslides are back-analysed, investigating the role of inherited structures and fracture propagation in the rockslides' evolution.</div><div>The inherited structures, particularly foliation layers and tectonic shear zones, strongly precondition both rockslides while imposing specific limitations on their initiation. Nonetheless, progressive fracture propagation overcomes these structural limitations by (i) developing a toe-breakout that provides kinematic freedom for a retrogressive rockslide on a dip-slope, and (ii) forming an active wedge in a compound rockslide, which overcomes the frictional resistance of a tectonically preconditioned basal shear zone. Furthermore, the (iii) complementary DEM-FDEM approach showcases the advantages of each respective method and reproduces these fracturing processes in remarkable agreement with field observations, holding significant implications for engineering geology and hazard assessment. Thus, this study demonstrates that even in structurally preconditioned rockslides, progressive fracture propagation can dominate over inherited structures in controlling the mechanism and evolution of large rockslides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"358 ","pages":"Article 108359"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative 2D and 3D peridynamic modeling of frictional failure in jointed rocks with a unified interface-orientation identification method","authors":"Zhen Yang ,&nbsp;HanYi Wang ,&nbsp;Erdogan Madenci","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The frictional behavior along rock joints is a fundamental mechanism governing slope stability and failure. In 3D engineering applications, accurate modeling of this behavior requires a computationally efficient determination of interface orientations. This study introduces a unified orientation-based method, derived from the divergence theorem, to compute unit normal and tangential vectors on arbitrarily shaped interfaces in both 2D and 3D within a meshfree formulation. Integrated into a peridynamic frictional contact model, the method is verified against the Hertzian solution under normal loading and validated through laboratory shear tests on rock joints with varied surface geometries. Applied to a 3D jointed rock slope, the model reproduces a progressive failure sequence that initiates at the joint tip and propagates toward the crest, successively involving frictional degradation, intact-block disintegration, tensile-cracking transition, and crest compaction. Comparative 2D and 3D contact analyses reveal that out-of-plane geometric variations, with the associated kinematic constraints, govern stress localization and damage evolution in 3D, thereby highlighting the limitations of 2D approximations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 108365"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145093758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}