Engineering Geology最新文献

{"title":"Probabilistic inversion of shear wave velocity profile based on the dispersion curve from multichannel analysis of surface waves and inequality constraints on layer thicknesses","authors":"Xuan-Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Zi-Jun Cao ,&nbsp;Tengfei Wu ,&nbsp;Wenqi Du ,&nbsp;Dian-Qing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method is one of commonly-used geophysical methods for site investigation in geological and geotechnical engineering. This study proposes a new Bayesian framework for probabilistic inversion of Rayleigh wave dispersion curve (DC) from MASW to obtain the shear wave velocity (<em>v</em>_<em>s</em>) profile along the depth. The proposed framework considers inequality constraints (IC) on layer thicknesses as additional data complementary to limited DC data in likelihood function for probabilistic DC inversion, rather than prior knowledge in prior distribution as done in previous studies. This study discusses different ways of using IC information for probabilistic DC inversion from a theoretical perspective and highlights proper treatment of IC. The proposed approach is illustrated and verified using synthetic and real-life data. Results show that the proposed framework not only properly identifies the most probable <em>v</em>_<em>s</em> profile, but also reflects its identifiability by quantifying the identification uncertainty. Using IC indeed improves the identifiability of results. However, using IC as prior knowledge for identifying the <em>v</em>_<em>s</em> profile, <em>e.g.</em>, like existing methods, assigns an insufficient penalty on stratification model complexity. As a result, the selected stratification model class can be unnecessarily complex, <em>i.e.</em>, with a layer number more than the actual stratigraphy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 108063"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel unified elastoplasticity-μ(I) phase transition model for granular flows from solid-like to fluid-like states and its application","authors":"Hang Feng,&nbsp;Zhen-Yu Yin,&nbsp;Weijian Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate continuum modelling of granular flows is essential for predicting geohazards such as flow-like landslides and debris flows. Achieving such precision necessitates both a robust constitutive model for granular media and a numerical solver capable of handling large deformations. In this work, a novel unified phase transition constitutive model for granular media is proposed that follows a generalized Maxwell framework. The stress is divided into an elastoplastic part and a viscous part. The former utilizes a critical-state-based elastoplasticity model, while the latter employs a strain acceleration-based <em>μ</em>(<em>I</em>) rheology model. Key characteristics such as nonlinear elasticity, nonlinear plastic hardening, stress dilatancy, and critical state concept are incorporated into the elastoplasticity model, and the non-Newtonian <em>μ</em>(<em>I</em>) rheology model considers strain rate and strain acceleration (i.e., a higher-order derivative of strain) to capture changes in accelerated and decelerated flow conditions. A series of element tests is simulated using the proposed unified phase transition model, demonstrating that the novel theory effectively describes the transition of granular media from solid-like to fluid-like states in a unified manner. The proposed unified model is then implemented within the material point method (MPM) framework to simulate 2D and 3D granular flows. The results show remarkable consistency with results from experiments and other numerical methods, demonstrating the model's accuracy in capturing solid-like behaviour during inception and deposition, as well as liquid-like behaviour during propagation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 108054"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of shear strength parameters of in-situ soil rock mixtures using large scale shear apparatus and comparison with laboratory tested samples","authors":"Janardhana Prasanth Gunupuram,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar,&nbsp;D. Deb","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil-rock mixtures (SRM) from mine overburden form heterogeneous dump slopes, whose stability relies on their shear strength properties. This study investigates the shear strength properties and deformation characteristics of SRM in both in-situ and laboratory conditions. Total twelve in-situ tests were conducted on SRM samples with a newly developed large scale direct shear apparatus (60 cm × 60 cm × 30 cm). The in-situ moist density and moisture content of SRM are determined. Particle size distribution is performed to characterize the SRM in laboratory. The bottom bench has the highest cohesion (64 kPa) due to high compaction over time while the other benches have consistent cohesion values (25 kPa to33 kPa). The laboratory estimated cohesion values are high compared to in-situ condition. It is further observed that for in-situ samples, the moist density notably affects the cohesion of SRM, with cohesion decreasing by 3 to 5 % for every 1 % increase in moist density. At in-situ condition, internal friction angles are found to be 1.5 to 1.7 times compared to laboratory values which is due to the presence of the bigger sized particles in the SRM. The outcomes of the research are very informative and useful for geotechnical engineers for slope designing and numerical modeling purpose.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 108060"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing twin tunnel-induced ground settlements in alluvial deposits by InSAR data","authors":"Serena Rigamonti ,&nbsp;Alberto Previati ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Dattola ,&nbsp;Giovanni Battista Crosta","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tunnel excavation in densely urbanised environments presents significant geotechnical challenges. Reliable design predictions, precise monitoring, and a thorough understanding of these challenges are crucial for ensuring the safety and stability of tunnels and surface structures. This study investigates the analysis of ground deformations caused by twin tunnel excavation using an EPB-TBM in alluvial deposits. The analysis is based on data collected through the European Ground Motion Service (EGMS) InSAR and on-site measurements, incorporating both empirical and analytical methods, and time series decomposition techniques (Principal Component Analysis, PCA; Independent Component Analysis, ICA). A key focus of this research is the development of a novel approach for blind identification of TBM activities along the tunnel alignment, followed by a supervised settlement analysis using a modified Gaussian function. By using a consistent number of measurement points for each analysed tunnel cross section, and considering uncertainty by a Leave One Out Cross Validation, we support asymmetric ground settlement resulting from excavation of a second tunnel. The back analysed mean volume loss was found to be 0.33% (st.dev. 0.18), and parameter <em>k</em> was 0.44 (st.dev. 0.23). PCA/ICA techniques were employed to isolate and quantify various deformation components, such as thermal effects, noise, and actual long-term settlements. This enhances the accuracy of settlement predictions, improves the understanding of the deformation patterns and the back-estimation of soil geotechnical parameters, and demonstrates the potential of InSAR data for monitoring tunnel-induced ground deformation, and for attaining more accurate deformation predictions and better infrastructure planning. Finally, the advantages and limitations associated with the use of InSAR data are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 108059"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic back-analysis of earthquake-induced 3D landslide model parameters and risk assessment for secondary slide","authors":"Lihang Hu ,&nbsp;Gang Wang ,&nbsp;Kiyonobu Kasama","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Back-analysis is an effective method for rapidly estimating soil strength parameters. However, soil spatial variability and the influence of autocorrelation function (ACF) are often inadequately considered. This study presents an efficient probabilistic Bayesian back-analysis for spatially varying soil parameters in earthquake-induced 3D landslide models. A surrogate model based on the Variance Reduction Stochastic Response Surface Method (VRSRSM) is proposed, incorporating five different variance reduction functions associated with ACFs to address the spatial variability of 3D slope under seismic conditions. An improved Hamiltonian Monte Carlo sampling method facilitates Bayesian inference with minimal computational effort. The approach is validated using a 3D simple slope under seismic conditions, accounting for numerical model uncertainty. A case study of a deep-seated landslide from the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake is then used to back-analyze soil strength parameters and unit weight, which are subsequently utilized for risk assessment of secondary slide under aftershocks. Results indicate that VRSRM accurately approximates both 3D simple slope and real landslide models, while the commonly used single exponential ACF yields an unconservative factor of safety, affecting the accuracy of the back-analyzed soil parameters. This proposed approach offers an effective tool for rapidly determining spatially varying soil parameters from landslide events, enhancing risk assessment for future aftershocks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 108062"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simplified analysis of coseismic slope displacement and hillslope weakening","authors":"Bryce Berrett ,&nbsp;Erik Fulmer ,&nbsp;Ben Leshchinsky ,&nbsp;Michael Olsen ,&nbsp;Chris Massey ,&nbsp;Joseph Wartman","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper introduces a simplified physics-based numerical slope stability model that accurately models progressive failure, the impact of changing landslide geometry, and the legacy of weakening caused by coseismic shaking. The model incorporates the wave equation and employs finite difference to preserve mass and momentum during landslide movements. The model agrees well with physical modeling of a shake table test and a reactivation of a coseismic landslide in the Port Hills of New Zealand. The model is explored through a sensitivity analysis to compare the influence of softening and several strength parameters on the overall progressive or catastrophic failure mechanism of a given slope. The study found that earthquakes can result in no weakening, partial weakening, and full rupture of the slope, leading to negligible, modest, or significant coseismic displacement, respectively. Further, seismic events might leave a legacy of weakened hillslopes with lowered disturbance thresholds for catastrophic failure during subsequent seismic or hydrological events. However, if some strength regain is considered, an equilibrated state of non-catastrophic movements from continued disturbances can be sustained. The results suggest that past seismic events can potentially influence the timing and nature of slope failure in certain instances. The proposed method's ability to capture evolving, large-deformation changes in landslide geometry over time make it a valuable tool for simple site-specific studies and hazard analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 108058"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal clustering of microseismic signals in mining areas: A case study of the Baoji lead‑zinc mine in Shaanxi, China","authors":"Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Yujun Zuo ,&nbsp;Longjun Dong ,&nbsp;Xianhang Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microseismic activity is a critical indicator of stress redistribution, geological anomalies, and potential hazards in underground mining environments. Traditional clustering methods, however, often fail to capture the complexity of spatiotemporal distributions and the diverse triggering mechanisms of mining-induced microseismic events. To address this gap, we propose a novel clustering framework that combines K-means and Gaussian Mixture Models (GMM) to improve the classification and understanding of microseismic signals. Using a dataset of over 5000 high-quality events from the Shaanxi Baoji Dongtangzi lead–zinc mine, we establish a dynamic completeness magnitude threshold (m ≥ −1.0), ensuring the reliability of the seismic dataset. Our analysis reveals distinct spatiotemporal patterns, magnitude distributions, and spatial clusters, driven primarily by geostress redistribution, mining operations (e.g., blasting, drilling, ore transportation), and noise. The time-interval analysis further demonstrates non-Poisson clustering behavior, reflecting the impact of stress redistribution and operational schedules on microseismic activity. The results not only deepen the theoretical understanding of mining-induced seismicity but also offer practical insights for optimizing risk management and enhancing safety protocols in underground operations. Additionally, this approach provides a scalable framework for broader applications in geologically similar mining regions, contributing to safer and more efficient resource extraction practices worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 108057"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of subaerial landslide–tsunamis generated by different mass movement types using smoothed particle hydrodynamics","authors":"Jizhixian Liu ,&nbsp;Valentin Heller ,&nbsp;Yang Wang ,&nbsp;Kunlong Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Subaerial landslide-tsunamis (SLTs) are generated by mass movements such as landslides, rockfalls, debris flows and iceberg calving impacting water bodies, posing significant hazards to humans and infrastructure. Events like the 2014 Lake Askja rockslide and the 2022 Capitólio toppling cases highlight their potential dangers. SLT characteristics depend on the mass movement type (MMT) such as sliding, falling or overturning (toppling). While most SLT studies have focused on sliding masses, the wave characteristics generated by other MMTs remain poorly understood. This study addresses this shortcoming, based on a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), by examining how falling and overturning MMTs affect SLT properties through 26 tests in a numerical basin involving square and round blocks. The overturning MMT generates up to 5.58 larger maximum wave amplitudes <em>a</em>_M and 3.85 larger heights <em>H</em>_M than the falling MMT, aligned with theoretical predictions. Wave decay ratios for the overturning versus falling MMTs exceed 2 near the mass impact area, however, they generally decrease with the propagation distance <em>r</em>, as the steeper waves generated by the overturning MMT decay more rapidly. Empirical equations for the wave generation and propagation characteristics were derived in function of the Froude number, block geometry, <em>r</em> and the wave propagation angle. The same numerical framework was applied to the deadly 2022 Capitólio toppling case involving the case-specific slide geometry, bathymetry and topography. The numerical <em>a</em>_M and <em>H</em>_M deviated by 35.38% and 12.45%, respectively, from 2.52 and 8.93 m predicted by the new equations in this study. Furthermore, wave properties generated by the falling and overturning MMTs were compared with existing empirical predictions for sliding MMTs. This shows that sliding MMTs typically produce larger waves, except for smaller relative masses, for which they may generate smaller waves than both falling and overturning MMTs. These findings are aimed at improving the reliability of preliminary landslide-tsunami hazard assessment based on empirical equations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 108055"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional geological modeling of thin ore body and complex strata based on multi-point geostatistics","authors":"Jiangmei Wang ,&nbsp;Wancheng Zhu ,&nbsp;Hui Li ,&nbsp;Tao Qin ,&nbsp;Maiyong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The geological environment of coal mines often includes thin coal seams, in which the geological structures have great randomness and uncertainty. Three-dimensional (3D) geological modeling and stratigraphy uncertainty quantification reflect the complexity of geological conditions, as well as contribute to safe and efficient underground mining. In this paper, a 3D geological modeling method of thin ore bodies and complex strata based on Multi-point Geostatistics (MPS) is proposed using borehole data and stratigraphic occurrence constraints. Firstly, we adopt principal component analysis and autocorrelation function to obtain the approximate distribution of each stratum (coal/rock) and the prior model. Secondly, the Simulated Path Optimization (SPO) strategy and the Occurrence-based Local Scan (OLS) strategy are proposed, which emphasize the importance of stratigraphic occurrences in modeling thin coal seams and reduce simulation time-consuming. Here, we use four hypothetical cases with different stratigraphic dips to analyze the sensitivity of the parameters, as well as the effectiveness of the proposed method in this paper. Additionally, taking the boreholes from Western Australia as an example, we compare the results of different modeling methods. Finally, the Shuangyang Coal Mine in Heilongjiang, China, is used to verify the validity of our method, by which the stratigraphic model reveals the structural morphology and coverage relationship of coal and rock seams. Therefore, our method can conveniently obtain the complexity and model reliability at any location, which may provide decision support for intelligent mining of thin coal seams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 108056"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of fire-induced spalling and damage behaviors in granite rock caverns in Hong Kong using thermo-mechanical coupling phase field method","authors":"Louis Ngai Yuen Wong ,&nbsp;Zhaonan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since the 1980s, the Hong Kong Government has been exploring the construction of rock caverns as a sustainable solution to alleviate land scarcity. Fire safety remains a paramount concern in the operation of underground rock caverns. Fires not only pose significant risks to personnel evacuation and firefighting intervention but also present substantial challenges for post-disaster repair and fire-resistant design for these caverns. Granite formations, which are very common in Hong Kong, are favorable for housing caverns. However, both the granite and its supporting concrete lining in cavern may experience significant mechanical degradation when subjected to high temperatures. To investigate the thermo-mechanical coupling response of rock caverns under fire scenarios, we employed the phase field method (PFM) to simulate a project in Hong Kong. This work explores the heated spalling fracturing and damage behaviors of the lining and surrounding rock under various conditions involving fire scenarios, cavern burial depths, rock stiffness, and presence of rock bolts. The results indicate that the failure of the lining and rock is affected by the fire scenario on the fire-exposed surface, while the burial depth and rock stiffness have minimal impact. Rock bolts can effectively reduce the deformation of intact rock formations which are not subjected the high temperature penetration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 108053"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}