地球科学最新文献

{"title":"Overpressure Evolution Simulation and Fracture Hydrocarbon Expulsion Prediction of Source Rocks in Bodong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China","authors":"Haifeng Yang,&nbsp;Lei Chen,&nbsp;Yanfei Gao,&nbsp;Tao Jiang,&nbsp;Changyu Fan","doi":"10.1155/gfl/5717212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/gfl/5717212","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The prediction of hydrocarbon expulsion by overpressure rupture (HEOR) is still a difficult problem in the study of primary oil and gas migration. Through thin section observation, pressure analysis, formation breakdown test, and basin numerical simulation, the overpressure fracturing of Cenozoic source rocks in Bodong Depression is studied, and its oil–gas geological significance is discussed. The research result shows that (1) overpressure is generally developed in Cenozoic source rocks in Bodong Depression, the source rocks are fractured into network fractures under the action of overpressure induced by hydrocarbon generation and undercompaction, the overpressure fractures are filled with asphalt, the rupture pressure of the source rock is controlled by the vertical principal stress, and the deep rupture pressure gradient is larger than that of the shallow layer, which makes the deep fracture more difficult; (2) the numerical simulation shows that there are two stages of rapid pressurization and one stage of slow pressurization in Bodong Sag, namely, the second thermal subsidence, the overpressure distribution in Bodong Depression has the characteristics of “strong in south and weak in north, early in south and late in north”; (3) the pressure of source rocks in the Southern Bodong Sag reached the formation rupture pressure in the rapid pressurization period since the neotectonic movement, and the hydrocarbon was quickly and efficiently expulsed. The starting times of the HEOR in Sha3 Member is 3.5 Ma~present, that in Sha1–Sha2 Member is 4~2 Ma, and that in Dong3 Member is 5.1 Ma~present. The convergent flow plus HEOR is most conducive to hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. At present, the discovered A12 and A20 oil fields developed in the path of HEOR plus convergence flow, and this study also guides the discovery of A22 oil field developed in the path of convergence flow plus HEOR.</p>","PeriodicalId":12512,"journal":{"name":"Geofluids","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/gfl/5717212","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Assessment of Multiple Satellite Rainfall Products in the Levant Region","authors":"Fakhry Jayousi,&nbsp;Fiachra O'Loughlin","doi":"10.1002/met.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/met.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The availability of precipitation data from in situ stations faces various challenges including quality, temporal resolution, irregular spatial distribution, and scarcity in many regions. This is particularly true for the West Bank. Hence, the need to identify alternatives sources is a priority as high quality precipitation estimates are essential for accurate hydrological applications. This study assesses the reliability of four satellite precipitation products (IMERG Final Run, PDIR-Now, CCS-CDR, CMORPH) against 442 in situ rainfall stations across Israel (354) and Palestine (88). These four satellite products, with spatial resolutions ranging from 4 to 10 km, were evaluated at the daily timescale to maximize the number of in situ stations available. The analysis reveals that IMERG outperforms the other products, with a mean <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mi>R</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {R}^2 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> of 0.33 and a Probability of Detection (POD) of 0.7, without any adjustments. The study also examined the influence of elevation on satellite performance, noting that while IMERG consistently excels in most indices, PDIR has lower Mean Absolute Errors at lower elevations. The results highlight a disparity in performance between the Israeli and Palestinian in situ stations. Overall, IMERG emerges as the most reliable satellite-based estimate for the Levant region, proving effective across different elevations, climatic zones, and rainfall intensities.</p>","PeriodicalId":49825,"journal":{"name":"Meteorological Applications","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/met.70084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Climatology and Life-Cycle Characteristics of Atmospheric Fronts and Their Associated Precipitation","authors":"John Landy,&nbsp;Kevin A. Reed,&nbsp;Alan M. Rhoades,&nbsp;Paul A. Ullrich","doi":"10.1029/2024JD041609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD041609","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Atmospheric fronts are one of the main sources of mid-latitude variability. We employ a novel method for identifying and tracking fronts and frontal precipitation. Thermal and dynamical variables are used to identify fronts as areal objects in space, which are tracked in time using the open-source TempestExtremes software package. Precipitation objects are co-located to identify frontal precipitation. The method is subjected to validation and sensitivity tests using manually curated data from the National Weather Service. Climatologies of fronts and frontal precipitation are computed from reanalysis and observations; fronts are present upwards of 14% of the time in the storm tracks, and represent the majority (up to 90%) of total and extreme precipitation. Novel aspects of the method are showcased through the lifetime characteristics of fronts across North America. Three sets of warm and cold fronts were discovered, and their duration, distance-traveled, and translation velocity are examined.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wintertime Intercomparison of Specific Humidity and Temperature Profiles Measured by Microwave Radiometer (MWR), Radiosonde, and INSAT-3DR Sounder Over Delhi, India","authors":"Anoop Pakkattil,&nbsp;Avinash N. Parde,&nbsp;Sandeep Wagh,&nbsp;Prasanna Lonkar,&nbsp;Sachin D. Ghude","doi":"10.1029/2025JD044462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JD044462","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate profiling of atmospheric temperature and humidity is critical for weather forecasting, climate studies, and air quality management. This study evaluates wintertime atmospheric profiles of temperature and specific humidity (SH) from three systems over New Delhi, India: radiosondes, a ground-based microwave radiometer (MWR), and the INSAT-3DR satellite sounder. Radiosondes serve as the reference standard, offering high vertical resolution but limited temporal coverage. The MWR provides continuous high-temporal-resolution observations with good performance in the lower troposphere, while INSAT-3DR delivers broad spatial coverage and hourly retrievals but with coarser vertical resolution near the surface and reduced accuracy under cloudy conditions. The comparison reveals that MWR profiles agree well with radiosonde observations below 4 km, with root mean square error values of &lt;4 K for temperature and &lt;2.2 g/kg for SH. However, MWR retrievals exhibit near-surface cold and dry biases of up to −5 K and −1.2 g/kg (∼−25%), respectively. INSAT-3DR shows good agreement for temperature throughout the levels (bias of &lt;2%). In the 4–10 km altitude range, SH biases are within ∼25%, but show warm and moist biases near the surface exceeding 2 K and 1 g/kg (30%). These results confirm the complementary nature of MWR and INSAT-3DR: MWR performs best in the boundary layer, while INSAT-3DR is more reliable in the mid to top troposphere. The study underscores the importance of combining multiple observation platforms to enhance the accuracy of atmospheric profiling for improved numerical weather prediction and environmental modeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydration in the Crust and Upper Mantle Near the Extinct Spreading Ridge in the Eastern Sub-Basin, South China Sea","authors":"Hui Jiang,&nbsp;Haibo Huang,&nbsp;Enyuan He,&nbsp;Jian Guo,&nbsp;Xuelin Qiu","doi":"10.1029/2025GL115670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115670","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the final stages of seafloor spreading in the East Sub-basin of the South China Sea, spreading transitioned from slow to ultraslow before cessation. However, post-spreading volcanism has obscured the original fabric along or near the extinct spreading ridge (ESR). We present a detailed <i>V</i>_<i>P</i>/<i>V</i>_<i>S</i> model along a profile perpendicular to the ESR, constructed using independent tomography of <i>P</i>- and <i>S</i>-wave data. This model provides critical constraints on the crustal lithology and tectonic evolution of the ESR. Our results show significant thinning of the crust (∼3.3–4.3 km) near the ESR. Within the thin crustal regions, anomalously elevated <i>V</i>_<i>P</i>/<i>V</i>_<i>S</i> ratios (&gt;1.9) may indicate tectonic uplift of serpentinites. These observations indicate a substantial reduction in magma supply during the terminal phases of spreading, resulting in a near absence of lower crust. During this period, tectonic extension dominated, and crustal fracturing facilitated seawater infiltration into the upper mantle, promoting serpentinite formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL115670","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Shock-Substorm of 24 September 1998: A Different Type of Substorm Trigger Onset","authors":"Bruce T. Tsurutani,&nbsp;Rajkumar Hajra,&nbsp;Yusuke Ebihara,&nbsp;Gurbax S. Lakhina,&nbsp;Yasuhito Narita,&nbsp;Karl-Heinz Glassmeier","doi":"10.1029/2025GL115509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115509","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An interplanetary shock triggered a substorm with a peak intensity SML = −1,781 nT on 24 September 1998. This is called a shock-substorm here to differentiate it from generic substorms. The shock, with a speed of ∼790 km s⁻¹, caused the release of prestored magnetosphere/magnetotail energy plus additional solar wind input energy, the latter unusual for a shock-nonsupersubstorm event. The internal magnetospheric shock/wave had a speed of ∼630 km s⁻¹, consistent with arriving at <i>x</i> = −6 <i>R</i>_<i>E</i> at the time of substorm onset. The internal shock arrival to <i>x</i> = −10 <i>R</i>_<i>E</i> would have been after the substorm onset time, so magnetic reconnection for the substorm triggering can be ruled out. Akasofu (2023, https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3187) has stated that there are many different types of substorm onsets. We believe that this shock-substorm is different than generic substorms.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL115509","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Provenance, diagenesis, and paleoclimate of Albian-Lower Turonian deposits in the Douala sub-basin, Cameroon: Sedimentological, mineralogical, and petrographical approaches","authors":"Christel Sobdjou-Kemteu ,&nbsp;Milan Stafford Tchouatcha ,&nbsp;Wael Fathi Galal ,&nbsp;Soureiyatou Fadil-Djenabou ,&nbsp;Usman Abubakar ,&nbsp;Francis Thierry Togozo ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Ndjeng","doi":"10.1016/j.sesci.2025.100259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sesci.2025.100259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sedimentological, mineralogical, and petrographic compositions of the Albian - Lower Turonian deposits at four sites in the northern part of the Douala sub-basin located in the heart of the Guinea Gulf were investigated to determine their provenance, paleoclimate, and diagenetic effects from thirty-eight (38) samples. Several lithologies are identified, ranging from clays/shales to silty clays, poor consolidated fine-to coarse-grained sandstones, and conglomerates to conglomeratic sandstones. The deposits are made up of successive positive sequences in the eastern part of the Mungo River and cyclic deposits in the western part. The sandstones are primarily arkose wacke, secondarily arkose, subarkose, sublith-arenite, and rare lithic arenite and wacke derived from the Neoproterozoic basement formed during the Pan-African orogenesis. The presence of heavy minerals such as tourmaline, kyanite and sillimanite indicates that the deposits originate from plutonic and metamorphic sources. The rarity of these latest in the sediments suggest the intense chemical weathering that has affected the source rocks. These deposits are mainly proximal. Additionally, the association of polycrystalline quartz with undulatory extinction and monocrystalline quartz with non-undulatory extinction suggests a mixed source. The various microstructures and morphologies of zircon grains including prismatic, sub-angular and sub-prismatic shapes further support a mixed provenance. The dominance of prismatic shape and non-undulatory monocrystalline quartz grains indicates a predominance of plutonic sources. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that kaolinite is the dominant clay mineral found in clayey facies, though its moderate to low quantity indicates a more humid climate during the Albian-Cenomanian and a less humid climate during the Cenomanian. Physical alteration processes have mainly affected the studied deposits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54172,"journal":{"name":"Solid Earth Sciences","volume":"10 3","pages":"Article 100259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic Classification of Primary and Secondary Craters Near Copernicus Crater With Updated Insights on Its Impact Trajectory and Age","authors":"Yiran Wang,&nbsp;Miao Zhuo,&nbsp;Bo Wu,&nbsp;Shuo Liu,&nbsp;Dijun Guo","doi":"10.1029/2024JE008516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JE008516","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Impact cratering is the dominant geological process shaping the Moon's surface. Primary craters form from direct asteroid or comet impacts, while secondary craters are created by debris ejected from these primary impacts. Accurately identifying secondary craters within the primary crater population is essential for understanding planetary processes and surface ages. However, manually distinguishing these secondary craters can be time-consuming and challenging. In this work, a statistical analysis of 5,460 primary and secondary craters reveals significant differences in their spectral characteristics. These differences are postulated to originate from distinct degrees of modification to the target materials and weathering processes. Employing a deep learning model, the research specifically targets the Copernicus crater region to automate the identification of secondary craters. The model classified ∼285,000 secondary and ∼39,000 primary craters with diameters from 200 m to 5 km. Secondary craters make up 89% of the total at 200–280 m, decreasing to around 65% at 4,520–5,000 m. The azimuthal distribution of identified secondary craters suggests an oblique impact from southeast to northwest that formed the Copernicus crater. The model age, based on craters superposed on the ejecta, estimates the Copernicus crater to be ∼755 Ma, overlaying a 3.69 Ga surface. The estimated ages align with previous research. The method is best suited for geologically homogeneous, airless surfaces, and is limited when older primary craters are buried by later ejecta or when ancient craters exhibit similar spectral features due to degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets","volume":"130 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Efficiency of Water Vapor on Top-of-Atmosphere Radiation","authors":"Jing Feng,&nbsp;David Paynter,&nbsp;Nicole Feldl,&nbsp;Zhihong Tan,&nbsp;Pu Lin","doi":"10.1029/2025GL115210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115210","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Earth's climate sensitivity is greatly affected by the compensation between temperature feedback and water vapor (WV) feedback. Using abrupt 4xCO₂ experiments, we show that the global-mean WV feedback is nearly a linear function of the temperature feedback, the slope of which is explained by the longwave radiative efficiency of WV <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>(</mo>\u0000 <mi>ϵ</mi>\u0000 <mo>)</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $({epsilon})$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>. Although <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>ϵ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${epsilon}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> remains constant across models in the global mean, it exhibits substantial spatial variations and is particularly weak in Antarctica, where near-surface inversions decouple the surface from the free troposphere. We introduce a surface–free troposphere temperature difference (SFTD) metric, showing that positive SFTD (e.g., high lifting condensation level) amplifies <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>ϵ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${epsilon}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, while negative SFTD (e.g., strong surface inversion) suppresses it. These findings provide a clear explanation of how local climate conditions modulate the radiative compensation between temperature and WV feedbacks.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL115210","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144853835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpreting Energy-Latitude Dispersions in Mercury's Northern Magnetospheric Cusp With MESSENGER","authors":"Ryan M. Dewey,&nbsp;Jim M. Raines,&nbsp;Jamie M. Jasinski,&nbsp;James A. Slavin","doi":"10.1029/2025JA034278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JA034278","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We examined energy-latitude dispersions in Mercury's northern magnetospheric cusp. These systematic trends in plasma energy originate from differences in particle travel time from the dayside magnetopause reconnection site to the low altitude, high latitude cusp. Compared to other planetary magnetospheres, the small size of Mercury's magnetosphere, large relative size of the cusps, and MESSENGER's orbital geometry require careful tracking of spacecraft motion with respect to the planetary field. We incorporate this relative motion into a physical model for these dispersions and apply it to a set of MESSENGER cusp crossings with coherent dispersions. Fitting these dispersions returns the distance of the open-closed field line boundary from the cusp and the length of the field line to the reconnection site. We demonstrate that these physical parameters can be used to probe both Mercury's solar wind coupling as well as the structure of the dayside magnetosphere. From the set of crossings, we find that dispersions are common to Mercury's cusp, that they indicate that the cusp is typically located poleward of the open-closed boundary by ∼6 <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>±</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $mathit{pm }$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 3° invariant latitude, and that Mercury's magnetosphere often exhibits steady conditions for multiple Dungey cycle durations at a time. Individual case studies further demonstrate that the structure of Mercury's dayside magnetosphere can be decoupled from magnetopause reconnection and that MESSENGER can cross the dayside magnetopause into open northward planetary field lines. As part of this work, we advance uncertainty quantification and fitting techniques that can be applied to other features in Mercury's magnetosphere and other planetary systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"130 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JA034278","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144858588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}