地球科学最新文献

{"title":"Frequency of Synoptic-Scale Precipitation Events Recorded by Daily Resolved δ18O of Land Snail Shells","authors":"Guozhen Wang, Jibao Dong, Qian Zhang, Sheng He, Chengcheng Liu, Fan Luo, Yana Jia, Xiulan Zong, Miaohong He, Tao Han, Gang Xue, Yang Li, John Dodson, Hong Yan","doi":"10.1029/2024gl112536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112536","url":null,"abstract":"Land snails exhibit the potential for capturing synoptic-scale precipitation events through the δ¹⁸O records of their shells (δ¹⁸O_shell), but the application is hindered by the absence of a practical methodology for tracking these events. Here, we developed a statistical methodology to track the synoptic-scale precipitation events from daily resolved snail body fluid δ¹⁸O (δ¹⁸O_BF) record. We further tested and verified our approach using daily resolved δ¹⁸O_shell records of modern <i>Cathaica fasciola</i> from the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). The reconstructed 3-day-timescale precipitation events frequencies using first derivations of δ¹⁸O_BF and δ¹⁸O_shell shows strong agreement with instrumental data (&gt;85% detection accuracy). The strong correlation between precipitation days in snail-growing-season and annual precipitation amounts across the CLP also permits the reconstruction of synoptical precipitation frequency for investigating the interannual variability of precipitation. Our study paves the avenue in paleoweather study, enabling quantitative reconstructions of past synoptic-scale precipitation events.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Unified Model for Geofluid Nonlinear Flows in Rock Fractures","authors":"Jia-Qing Zhou, Fu-Shuo Gan, Yi-Feng Chen, Jie Tan, Liangqing Wang, Zhi-Jie Che, Jiu Jimmy Jiao","doi":"10.1029/2024jb030154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jb030154","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we numerically investigated the multi-scale flow features of 43 types of geofluids (including 18 real geofluids and 25 parametric fluids) within rock fractures under different roughness and hydrodynamic conditions. Our findings demonstrate that the generalized Forchheimer equation, an extension of Darcy's law for nonlinear flows, effectively captures the nonlinear flow features of these diverse fluids. While changes in fluid properties have minimal impact on Darcy's viscous permeability, they significantly influence Forchheimer inertial permeability and the critical Reynolds number. These dependencies are mechanistically attributed to the regulation of eddy growth rate in fractures by fluid properties. Building on these mechanistic insights, we developed two types of models for predicting inertial permeability and critical Reynolds number across various geofluids within a unified framework. One model extrapolates predictions from the results of classical standard water flow, while another enables direct prediction based on the mean and variance of the fracture aperture field.","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A tree crown edge-aware clipping algorithm for airborne LiDAR point clouds","authors":"Shangshu Cai, Yong Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.jag.2025.104381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.104381","url":null,"abstract":"Dividing a forest point cloud dataset into tiles is a common practice in point cloud processing (e.g., individual tree segmentation), aimed at addressing memory constraints and optimizing processing efficiency. Existing methods typically utilize automatic regular clipping (e.g., rectangular clipping), which tends to result in splitting tree crowns along the cutting lines. To preserve the completeness of tree crowns within predefined clipping boundaries (e.g., rectangles), we develop a tree crown edge-aware (E-A) point cloud clipping algorithm, named E-A algorithm. Firstly, the crown edge and distance features are enhanced and quantified using mathematical morphology and nearest neighbor pixel methods. Then, these two features are linearly weighted and integrated for cutting line detection. Finally, the optimal cutting lines are detected by exploring a set of edges with the minimum sum of integrated feature values. E-A algorithm was tested with airborne LiDAR point clouds collected from China’s Saihanba Forest Farm, comparing it against regular clipping methods. The results indicate that E-A algorithm can automatically and effectively emphasize preserving tree crown completeness within predefined clipping boundaries. It reduces crown fragmentation errors by 73.29% on average and maintains an average area difference of 6.42% compared to regular clippings. This algorithm provides a crucial tool for forest point cloud applications.","PeriodicalId":50341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crustal Structure of the Hikurangi Subduction Zone Revealed by Four Decades of Onshore-Offshore Seismic Data: Implications for the Dimensions and Slip Behavior of the Seismogenic Zone","authors":"Dan Bassett, Stuart Henrys, Brook Tozer, Harm van Avendonk, Andrew Gase, Nathan Bangs, Shuichi Kodaira, David Okaya, Katie Jacobs, Rupert Sutherland, Hannu Seebeck, Dan Barker, Gou Fujie, Ryuta Arai, Anya Seaward, Kimi Mochizuki, Martha Savage, Tim Stern, Thomas Luckie","doi":"10.1029/2024jb030268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jb030268","url":null,"abstract":"Four decades of seismic reflection, onshore-offshore and ocean-bottom seismic data are integrated to constrain a high-resolution 3-D P-wave velocity model of the Hikurangi subduction zone. Our model shows wavespeeds in the offshore forearc to be 0.5–1 km/s higher in south Hikurangi than in the central and northern segments (<i>V</i>_P ≤ 4.5 km/s). Correlation with onshore geology and seismic reflection data sets suggest wavespeed variability in the overthrusting plate reflects the spatial distribution of Late Jurassic basement terranes. The crustal backstop is 25–35 km from the deformation front in south Hikurangi, but this distance abruptly increases to ∼105 km near Cape Turnagain. This change in backstop position coincides with the southern extent of shallow slow-slip, most of which occurs updip of the backstop along the central and northern margin. These relationships suggest the crustal backstop may impact the down-dip extent of shallow conditional stability on the megathrust and imply a high likelihood of near/trench-breaching rupture in south Hikurangi. North of Cape Turnagain, the more landward position of the backstop, in conjunction with a possible reduction in the depth of the brittle ductile transition, reduces the down-dip width of frictional locking between the southern (∼100 km) and central Hikurangi margin by up-to 50%. Abrupt transitions in overthrusting plate structure are resolved near Cook Strait, Gisborne and across the northern Raukumara Peninsula, and appear related to tectonic inheritance and the evolution of the Hikurangi margin. Extremely low forearc wavespeeds resolved north of Gisborne played a key role in producing long durations of long-period earthquake ground motions.","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Change detection of slow-moving landslide with multi-source SBAS-InSAR and Light-U2Net","authors":"Jianao Cai, Dongping Ming, Feng Liu, Xiao Ling, Ningjie Liu, Liang Zhang, Lu Xu, Yan Li, Mengyuan Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jag.2025.104387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2025.104387","url":null,"abstract":"Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) techniques are commonly used approach for identifying Slow-moving Landslide (SML). However, most SML boundary identification with deep learning are based on single-source InSAR data, which cannot fully explore the dynamic process of destabilization, and are inefficient due to high model complexity. Meanwhile, research on automatic procession with multi-source InSAR data is few. To enhance efficiency in geohazard monitoring, this paper proposed an automatic framework for Boundary-Changed Slow-moving Landslide (BCSML) detection by integrating multi-source Small Baseline Subset InSAR (SBAS-InSAR), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and change detection methodologies. Firstly, surface deformation was estimated using multi-source SBAS-InSAR. Then, a novel and effective Light-U<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>Net was constructed with decreased complexity to identify Significant Deformation Zone (SDZ) and locate SML candidate. Finally, BCSMLs were identified using a change detection approach based on newly defined geometric measurements. Two study areas were selected to test the model’s performance: Zayu County and the Nu-Lancang River parallel flow (NLPF) area (in China). The proposed Light-U<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>Net model achieves high Precision (80.1 %), Recall (80.2 %), and F1-scores (80.1 %) in Zayu County. Additionally, the model’s complexity has reduced by 42.4 % without compromising identification accuracy compared to the original model. The pre-trained model was then applied to the NLPF area, and a total of 273 BCSMLs were detected, with 176 identified as expanding and 97 as shrinking. BCSML identification accuracy can reach to 90.47 %. The results have proved that the proposed framework with the Light-U<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>Net model is effective and practically potential in landslide disaster prevention.","PeriodicalId":50341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Fluid Flow-Based Deep Learning (FFDL) Architecture for Subsurface Flow Systems With Application to Geologic CO2 Storage","authors":"Zhen Qin, Yingxiang Liu, Fangning Zheng, Behnam Jafarpour","doi":"10.1029/2024wr037953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr037953","url":null,"abstract":"Prediction of the spatial-temporal dynamics of the fluid flow in complex subsurface systems, such as geologic <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/e8d9a12e-44a1-40cc-8d23-35b4ae308bd5/wrcr27625-math-0001.png\"></span><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr27625:wrcr27625-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/wrcr27625-math-0001.png\">\u0000<semantics>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<msub>\u0000<mtext>CO</mtext>\u0000<mn>2</mn>\u0000</msub>\u0000</mrow>\u0000${text{CO}}_{2}$</annotation>\u0000</semantics></math> storage, is typically performed using advanced numerical simulation methods that solve the underlying governing physical equations. However, numerical simulation is computationally demanding and can limit the implementation of standard field management workflows, such as model calibration and optimization. Standard deep learning models, such as RUNET, have recently been proposed to alleviate the computational burden of physics-based simulation models. Despite their powerful learning capabilities and computational appeal, deep learning models have important limitations, including lack of interpretability, extensive data needs, weak extrapolation capacity, and physical inconsistency that can affect their adoption in practical applications. We develop a Fluid Flow-based Deep Learning (FFDL) architecture for spatial-temporal prediction of important state variables in subsurface flow systems. The new architecture consists of a physics-based encoder to construct physically meaningful latent variables, and a residual-based processor to predict the evolution of the state variables. It uses physical operators that serve as nonlinear activation functions and imposes the general structure of the fluid flow equations to facilitate its training with data pertaining to the specific subsurface flow application of interest. A comprehensive investigation of FFDL, based on a field-scale geologic <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/f88073dd-2502-48d9-89f5-8e7b6f48b9ee/wrcr27625-math-0002.png\"></span><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00431397:media:wrcr27625:wrcr27625-math-0002\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/wrcr27625-math-0002.png\">\u0000<semantics>\u0000<mrow>\u0000<msub>\u0000<mtext>CO</mtext>\u0000<mn>2</mn>\u0000</msub>\u0000</mrow>\u0000${text{CO}}_{2}$</annotation>\u0000</semantics></math> storage model, is used to demonstrate the superior performance of FFDL compared to RUNET as a standard deep learning model. The results show that FFDL outperforms RUNET in terms of prediction accuracy, extrapolation power, and training data needs.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143050828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fe-FeH Eutectic Melting Curve and the Estimates of Earth's Core Temperature and Composition","authors":"Shuhei Mita, Shoh Tagawa, Kei Hirose, Nagi Ikuta","doi":"10.1029/2024jb029283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jb029283","url":null,"abstract":"Fe and FeH form a binary eutectic system above ∼40 GPa. Here we performed melting experiments in a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell and obtained the Fe-FeH eutectic melting curve between 52 and 175 GPa. Its extrapolation shows the eutectic temperature to be 4,350 K at the inner core boundary (ICB), which is lower than that in Fe-FeSi but is higher than those in the Fe-S, Fe-O, and Fe-C systems. In addition, its d<i>T</i>/d<i>P</i> slope is comparable to those of the melting curves of Fe and FeH endmembers, suggesting that the eutectic liquid composition changes little with increasing pressure and is about FeH_0.6 at the ICB pressure. We also estimated the effect of each light element on depressing the liquidus temperature at 330 GPa based on a combination of binary eutectic temperature and composition and found that the effect is large for C and S and small for H, O, and Si when considering the amount of each element that reduces a certain percentage of a liquid iron density. Furthermore, we searched for a set of possible outer core liquid composition and ICB temperature (the liquidus temperature of the former at 330 GPa should match the latter), which explains the outer core density deficit that depends on core temperature. The results demonstrate that relatively low core temperatures, lower than the solidus temperature of a pyrolitic lowermost mantle at the core-mantle boundary (CMB), are possible.","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced Thermal Conductivity of Hydrous Aluminous Silica and Calcium Ferrite-Type Phase Promote Water Transportation to Earth's Deep Mantle","authors":"Wen-Pin Hsieh, Takayuki Ishii, Frédéric Deschamps, Yi-Chi Tsao, Jen-Wei Chang, Giacomo Criniti","doi":"10.1029/2024jb030704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024jb030704","url":null,"abstract":"Subduction of oceanic slabs introduces chemical heterogeneities in the Earth's interior, which could further induce thermal, seismic, and geodynamical anomalies. Thermal conductivity of slab minerals crucially controls the thermal evolution and dynamics of the subducted slab and ambient mantle, while such an important transport property remains poorly constrained. Here we have precisely measured high pressure-temperature thermal conductivity of hydrous aluminous post-stishovite (Λ_Hy-Al-pSt) and aluminum-rich calcium ferrite-type phase (Λ_CF), two important minerals in the subducted basaltic crust in the lower mantle. Compared to the dry aluminous stishovite and pure stishovite, hydration substantially reduces the Λ_Hy-Al-pSt, resulting in ∼9.7–13.3 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ throughout the lower mantle. Surprisingly, the Λ_CF remains at ∼3–3.8 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ in the lower mantle, few-folds lower than previously assumed. Our data modeling offers better constraints on the thermal conductivity of the subducted oceanic crust from mantle transition zone to the lowermost mantle region, which is less thermally conductive than previously modeled. Our findings suggest that if the post-stishovite carries large amounts of water to the lower mantle, the poorer heat conduction through the basaltic crust reduces the slab's temperature, which not only allows the slab bringing more hydrous minerals to greater depth, but also increases slab's density and viscosity, potentially impacting the stability of heterogeneous structures at the lowermost mantle.","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deformation on Rainbow Massif, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Illuminated With Microearthquakes Detected by Machine Learning","authors":"Evan C. Anderson, Ross Parnell-Turner, Robert A. Sohn, Wenyuan Fan","doi":"10.1029/2024gl111285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl111285","url":null,"abstract":"Oceanic detachment fault systems are characteristic of slow-spreading mid-ocean ridges, where reduced magma supply leads to increased extension by faulting and exhumation of oceanic core complexes (OCCs). OCCs have complicated structure reflecting the interplay between magmatic, hydrothermal, and tectonic processes. We use microearthquake data from a 9-month ocean bottom seismometer deployment to image deformation structures in the Rainbow massif on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Using a machine-learning enabled workflow to obtain an earthquake catalog containing <span data-altimg=\"/cms/asset/61e1f902-0291-4988-9bdc-47bf8ead2963/grl68618-math-0001.png\"></span><mjx-container ctxtmenu_counter=\"81\" ctxtmenu_oldtabindex=\"1\" jax=\"CHTML\" role=\"application\" sre-explorer- style=\"font-size: 103%; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><mjx-math aria-hidden=\"true\" location=\"graphic/grl68618-math-0001.png\"><mjx-semantics><mjx-mrow><mjx-mo data-semantic- data-semantic-role=\"inequality\" data-semantic-speech=\"greater than\" data-semantic-type=\"relation\"><mjx-c></mjx-c></mjx-mo></mjx-mrow></mjx-semantics></mjx-math><mjx-assistive-mml display=\"inline\" unselectable=\"on\"><math altimg=\"urn:x-wiley:00948276:media:grl68618:grl68618-math-0001\" display=\"inline\" location=\"graphic/grl68618-math-0001.png\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><semantics><mrow><mo data-semantic-=\"\" data-semantic-role=\"inequality\" data-semantic-speech=\"greater than\" data-semantic-type=\"relation\">&gt;</mo></mrow>${ &gt;} $</annotation></semantics></math></mjx-assistive-mml></mjx-container>68,000 events, we find seismicity occurred in distinct clusters that correlate with previously imaged velocity anomalies and dipping subsurface reflections. Our results are consistent with a dipping alteration front within the massif overlying late-stage intrusions and suggest a transpressional fault accommodates a non-transform offset north of the massif. Our results demonstrate OCCs continue to deform in a complex way after a detachment fault has been abandoned due to combined effects of tectonic stresses, magmatism, and alteration.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asynchronous Changes in Vegetation Greenness and Climate Variables Isolines During 1986–2020 Over the Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Yiqing Guo, Mousong Wu, Long Yang, Ping Zuo","doi":"10.1029/2024gl111652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl111652","url":null,"abstract":"Vegetation greenness on the Tibetan Plateau has benefited from climate-driven temperature and precipitation changes over the past decades. Whether and to what extent the horizontal and vertical shifts of vegetation isolines keep pace with the temperature and precipitation isolines, as well as hidden mechanisms remain elusive. Analyzing the greenness and climate data over 1986–2020, our study reveals widespread mismatch, with 76.9% (87.1%) of horizontal greenness isolines lagged or diverged from temperature (precipitation) isolines. Similarly, 55.8% (77.9%) of vertical isolines showed lagging or diverging patterns relative to temperature (precipitation) isolines. Horizontal shifts in vegetation isolines were influenced by slope, precipitation and grazing intensity; while their vertical shifts were primarily driven by water-related factors that mitigate warming effects. The drivers responsible for asynchronous responses provide predictive understandings of alpine vegetation dynamics under a changing climate.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}