地球科学最新文献

{"title":"Filling the gap of the late Quaternary planktonic foraminifera record in the Western Mediterranean: Paleoceanographic changes in the Ligurian Sea over the last 27.4 ka","authors":"Pierluigi Martinelli ,&nbsp;Laura Bronzo ,&nbsp;Sergio Bonomo ,&nbsp;Isabel Cacho ,&nbsp;Antonio Cascella ,&nbsp;Letizia Di Bella ,&nbsp;José-Abel Flores ,&nbsp;Jaime Frigola ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Lirer ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Michelangeli ,&nbsp;Mar Selvaggi ,&nbsp;Francisco J. Sierro ,&nbsp;Rocco Gennari","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.113078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.113078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to expand our understanding of the paleoceanographic changes in the western Mediterranean during the Late Quaternary by investigating the planktonic foraminifera and the reworked coccolith records of the NDT_22_2016 core (27.4 ka cal BP to present) in the Ligurian Sea. To achieve this a robust age model was developed using 17 radiocarbon dates, allowing sub-millennial resolution analyses. The last glacial period (115–11.7 ka cal BP) was characterized by cold-eutrophic species (<em>Globigerinita glutinata, Globigerina bulloides</em> and <em>Turborotalita quinqueloba</em>), while formation of a seasonal deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) was confined to the south-western Mediterranean as testified by the distribution of <em>Neogloboquadrina incompta</em>. The intervening Heinrich events were identified in the Ligurian Sea through reworked coccolith peaks and the subsequent increase of <em>N. incompta</em>, indicating enhanced runoff and DCM formation, respectively, in response to a northward expansion of the summer warming. Subsequently, during deglaciation, intense warming initiating with the Bølling-Allerød, and interrupted during the Younger Dryas, led to an increase in the abundance of <em>Globoconella inflata</em>, suggesting year-round stratification. The Holocene was subdivided in three phases: an initial rapid warming (up to 10.4 ka cal BP), followed by the development of strong stratification during the second phase (10.4–5.3 ka cal BP), which includes the time interval of sapropel S1 in the Eastern Mediterranean. The second to third phase transition is marked by the appearance of <em>Globorotalia truncatulinoides</em>, signalling a strong seasonal contrast, characterized by strong winter mixing and summer stratification as evidenced also by the presence of <em>N. incompta</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19928,"journal":{"name":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","volume":"675 ","pages":"Article 113078"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of hydrological processes on the benthic macroinvertebrate biodiversity in floodplain wetlands: A regional study of Poyang lake","authors":"Siyang Yao ,&nbsp;Xinyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Jutao Liu ,&nbsp;Siyu Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>Poyang Lake, China's largest freshwater lake and a renowned floodplain wetland, is enlisted in the Ramsar Convention.</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>The hydrological process (HP), a vital part of the hydrological regime, notably affects biodiversity patterns in floodplain wetlands. However, the pathways through which hydrological process impacts the benthic macroinvertebrate biodiversity remain ambiguous.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>Across the rising, flooding, and falling water level stages, HP indicators exhibited diverse relationships with biodiversity. During the rising and falling stages, the relationship manifested as an inverted U-shaped trend; in the flooding stage, the biodiversity exhibited a U-shaped decreasing trend. The impact of HPs on biodiversity was complex. In the rising stage, the HP exerted a direct influence on biodiversity, with a path coefficient of −0.633. Additionally, it indirectly affected biodiversity through water quality indicators, with an indirect path coefficient of −0.773. In the flooding stage, the HP exerted an indirect influence on biodiversity via water temperature and landscape indicators, with the corresponding path coefficients of 0.185 and −0.367, respectively. During the falling stage, the HP directly affected biodiversity, as indicated by a path coefficient of −0.564, and also indirectly influenced it through water temperature, with an indirect path coefficient of −0.799. Overall, the indirect effect was more prominent in the rising and falling stages, while the direct impact was insignificant in the flooding stage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"60 ","pages":"Article 102509"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electron Structures in Titan's Induced Magnetosphere and Low-Frequency Wave Activity","authors":"Konstantin Kim,&nbsp;Niklas J. T. Edberg,&nbsp;Ronan Modolo,&nbsp;Michiko Morooka,&nbsp;R. J. Wilson,&nbsp;Andrew J. Coates,&nbsp;Anne Wellbrock,&nbsp;Jan-Erik Wahlund,&nbsp;Erik Vigren,&nbsp;Ali Sulaiman,&nbsp;Cesar Bertucci,&nbsp;Ravindra Desai,&nbsp;Leonardo Regoli","doi":"10.1029/2024JE008802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JE008802","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The interaction of Titan's ionosphere with Saturn's magnetosphere leads to a mix of perturbed electromagnetic fields and accelerated and thermalized plasma in the induced magnetosphere. The complexity of this region has been noted in previous studies. However, many local structures and processes have not been studied and addressed in detail before. In this case study, we examine the origin of quasi-periodic plasma structures in Titan's induced magnetosphere observed during the T36 flyby. We use data from the electron and ion spectrometers CAPS/ELS and IMS, the RPWS Langmuir probe and electric antenna, and the fluxgate magnetometer (MAG) to analyze plasma parameters, for example, density and temperature and magnetic field fluctuations, to characterize the processes involved. The observed plasma structures are quasi-periodic on a scale of about 20 s (or local ion gyroperiod) and possess acceleration signatures from a few eV up to 700 eV. A burst of low-frequency (around the ion-cyclotron and lower-hybrid frequency) and low-amplitude (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>B</mi>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>b</mi>\u0000 <mi>g</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>≈</mo>\u0000 <mn>7</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${B}_{bg}approx 7$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> nT, <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>δ</mi>\u0000 <mi>B</mi>\u0000 <mo>/</mo>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>B</mi>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>b</mi>\u0000 <mi>g</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>≈</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $delta B/{B}_{bg}approx $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> 0.14) waves are observed in the proximity of the plasma structures. We discuss possible mechanisms leading to the development of the observed plasma structures, for example, magnetohydrodynamics instabilities and the contribution of the local electric fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":16101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets","volume":"130 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JE008802","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling Glacier Mass Balance and Runoff in the Kaskawulsh River Headwaters of Southwest Yukon, Canada, 1980–2022","authors":"Katherine M. Robinson,&nbsp;Gwenn E. Flowers,&nbsp;Michel Baraër,&nbsp;David R. Rounce","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70150","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The highly-glacierized headwaters of the Kaskawulsh River is home to 9% of all glacier ice in Yukon, Canada, and was the source of a sudden meltwater-rerouting event in 2016 that has had significant downstream consequences. We use a distributed mass-balance model driven by downscaled and bias-corrected climate reanalysis data that incorporates observations of sub-debris melt, accumulation, and transient snowline positions to estimate the 1980–2022 glacier mass balance, discharge, and water budget of the Kaskawulsh River headwaters. We estimate a catchment-wide cumulative mass loss of 18.02 Gt over 1980–2022 (−0.38 ± 0.15 m w.e. a⁻¹) and a mean annual discharge of ~60 m³ s⁻¹, 25% of which originates from non-renewable glacier wastage. The water budget is dominated by glacier ice melt, accounting for 61% of mean annual discharge, followed by snowmelt at 31%, rainfall at 6%, and melt from refrozen ice layers at 2%. Extreme negative and positive mass-balance years produce the largest perturbations in glacier ice melt contributions to the water budget, ranging from a maximum of 67% following negative years to a minimum of 53% in positive years. Trend detection using the Mann-Kendall test shows that catchment-wide annual discharge increased by 3.9 m³ s⁻¹ per decade from 1980 to 2022, with statistically significant contributions from glacier ice melt (2.8 m³ s⁻¹ per decade) and rainfall (0.5 m³ s⁻¹ per decade). Increasing air temperatures and declining spring snowfall have lead to seasonally accelerated snowline retreat, earlier ice exposure, and earlier onset of net ablation in the catchment at a rate of ~5 days per decade. Based on summer air temperatures projected by CMIP6 and the empirical sensitivities of modelled runoff we calculate for 1980–2022, we hypothesise a more than doubling of annual runoff from this catchment by 2080–2100. This result, combined with a decrease in the variability of discharge from glacier ice melt over 1980–2022, suggests that this catchment is unlikely to reach “peak water” (i.e., peak glacier contribution to catchment runoff) this century.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a Stratospheric Module Based on the CUACE and Preliminary Application to the Global Numerical Weather Prediction Model System GRAEPES_GFS3.0","authors":"Wenxing Jia,&nbsp;Xiaoye Zhang,&nbsp;Hong Wang,&nbsp;Xiangjun Wu,&nbsp;Yaqiang Wang,&nbsp;Qiying Chen,&nbsp;Chong Liu,&nbsp;Yue Peng,&nbsp;Wenjie Zhang,&nbsp;Sunling Gong,&nbsp;Xueshun Shen","doi":"10.1029/2025GL116024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL116024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human-induced changes in atmospheric composition, particularly from aerosols and ozone pollution, significantly impact weather forecasting. Establishing a chemical weather model is essential to more accurately and effectively account for these effects. The stratosphere serves as primary ozone reservoir, but the Chinese Unified Atmospheric Chemistry Environment (CUACE) model lacks a dedicated stratospheric module, limiting accurate simulation of stratospheric ozone variability. Therefore, a stratospheric module is developed within CUACE and coupled online to the global weather prediction model, forming a novel global chemical weather (GCW) model. Critical technical advancements in parallel computation acceleration, optimized array conversion, precision interpolation, stratospheric boundary definition, and standardized unit conversion collectively enhance forecasting timeliness and stability. Benchmarked against reanalysis data, the GCW model successfully captures stratospheric ozone spatial distribution (<i>R</i>² = 0.64–0.90), with radiative feedback implementation reducing stratospheric temperature prediction biases by 1.8–5.4 K. The newly established GCW model enhances environmental forecasts and climate resilience strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL116024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetric evolution of incised-valley deposits in response to sea-level changes since the Penultimate Glacial Maximum, southeastern Korea","authors":"Seok-Hwi Hong ,&nbsp;Dong-Geun Yoo ,&nbsp;Woo Hun Ryang ,&nbsp;Jin Cheul Kim ,&nbsp;Gwang-Soo Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recognition of lowstand fluvial deposits in incised valleys below coastal plains is important for establishing the evolution of depositional systems over one glacial period in response to sea-level changes. The Penultimate Glacial Maximum lowstand was lower than the Last Glacial Maximum lowstand, making it imperative to consider it as a beginning-point for documenting incised valley fills. The preservation of whole deposits owing to weathering and erosional processes during glacial periods pose of challenge for studying the Penultimate Glacial Maximum. Here, we carefully conducted core analyses of sedimentary facies, grain size, and OSL age dating from the two cores, in addition to documenting younger valley infills. Seven facies associations were defined in the cores: braided river, tributary channel and land swamp, mud flat and marsh, fluvial channel and floodplain, central basin to bayhead prodelta, bayhead delta front, and bayhead delta plain. Overall, the sedimentary analyses indicate that the depositional environments of each stage produced during the five successive stages and correspond to the relationship between sediment supply and accommodation spaces in response to sea-level changes in the Nakdong incised-valley system. The Nakdong incised-valley fills shows that one and a half sea-level cycle was preserved in an incised-valley system during Last Glacial Maximum periods. The wedge-shaped geomorphology influenced the architecture and preservation of the Nakdong incised-valley deposits characterized by the asymmetric development of depositional successions since the Penultimate Glacial Maximum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"364 ","pages":"Article 109462"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substorm Event Retrieval Model in Ultraviolet Aurora Images Based on Contextual CNN Features","authors":"Ze-Jun Hu,&nbsp;Bing Han,&nbsp;Bairu Zhao,&nbsp;Yang Lu,&nbsp;Yi-Sheng Zhang,&nbsp;Bei-Chen Zhang","doi":"10.1029/2025JA033983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JA033983","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Auroral substorms are one of the disturbance phenomena caused by high-energy charged particles from the solar wind precipitating into the Earth's magnetosphere and colliding with charged particles within the magnetosphere. Understanding the occurrence and evolution of substorms can help elucidate the physical processes governing the interaction between the solar wind and Earth's magnetosphere. Currently, ground-based and satellite-based imaging equipment have captured a vast amount of aurora images, and identifying auroral substorm events from these images is crucial for studying solar-terrestrial relations. The westward traveling surge (WTS) is a typical structure during substorm occurrences and is commonly used for auroral substorm identification. In this paper, we propose a method based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that uses a polar region partitioning strategy to locate image keypoints and determine the position and size of regional blocks. Multi-scale contextual CNN features are then generated to retrieve substorm events from ultraviolet aurora images. The results show that the multi-scale features extracted from convolutional and fully connected layers can effectively capture the characteristics of the WTS structure. The method achieves a mean average precision of 75.77% and a Recall@10 of 95.19%, demonstrating its effectiveness in retrieving auroral substorm events.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"130 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inefficient Melt Transport Across a Weakened Lithosphere Led to Anomalous Rift Architecture in the Turkana Depression","authors":"Adina E. Pusok,&nbsp;Yuan Li,&nbsp;Tim Davis,&nbsp;Dave A. May,&nbsp;Richard F. Katz","doi":"10.1029/2025GL115228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115228","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Turkana Depression, located between the Ethiopian and East African plateaus, displays an anomalous rift architecture. It is missing the narrow, magma-rich morphology observed in the Main Ethiopian Rift that cuts through the Ethiopian Plateau. Instead, diffuse faulting and isolated volcanic centers are widespread over several hundred kilometers. Turkana has also experienced less magmatism over the last 30 Myr than adjacent plateaus, despite having a thin crust and residing above a mantle that is inferred to be hot and partially molten. We hypothesize that lithospheric weakening has been the key control on magma transport across the lithosphere in the Turkana Depression and subsequent rift development. Using poro-viscoelastic–viscoplastic models of melt transport, we show that magma extraction across a thin, weakened lithosphere is slower than across a thick, elastic lithosphere. Our results suggest that pre-rift lithospheric strength can explain the magma-poor character of Turkana for most of its tectonic history.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL115228","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astronomical Cyclicity in Loess Magnetic Proxy Records From Western Arid Central Asia During the Early Pleistocene","authors":"Qiang Wang,&nbsp;Jiaxing Yang,&nbsp;Jiamei Lei,&nbsp;Mi Wang,&nbsp;Xiangfeng Tang,&nbsp;Yining Tang,&nbsp;Farhad Khormali,&nbsp;Davlatkhudzha Murodov,&nbsp;Xin Wang","doi":"10.1029/2024GL113868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113868","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Earth's orbital precession is expected to have a sustained impact on global climate. However, existing sedimentary records from the westerlies-influenced arid Central Asia (ACA) during the early Pleistocene are dominated by ∼41-kyr obliquity cycles. Here, we present the first clear evidence of dominant ∼21-kyr precession cycles in terrestrial climate proxy records from ACA during this period. We show that the ratio of anhysteretic remanent magnetization susceptibility (<i>χ</i>_ARM) to low-frequency magnetic susceptibility (<i>χ</i>_lf) in loess sediments is a robust proxy for paleoprecipitation. A ∼600 ka <i>χ</i>_ARM/<i>χ</i>_lf record from loess deposits in western ACA exhibits clear ∼21-kyr cycles between ∼2.24 and 2.05 Ma, when the regional climate was dry and the pedogenic intensity was weak. These findings shed new light on the role of precession in driving hydroclimate variability and underscore the importance of low-latitude insolation forcing across the mid-latitude arid regions of Asia.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL113868","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passive degassing of lithospheric volatiles recorded in shallow young groundwater","authors":"R. L. Tyne, M. W. Broadley, D. V. Bekaert, P. H. Barry, O. Warr, J. B. Langman, I. Musan, W. J. Jenkins, A. M. Seltzer","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01702-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01702-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of life on Earth has been enabled by its volatile-rich surface. The volatile budget of Earth’s surface is controlled by the balance between ingassing (for example, via subduction) and outgassing (for example, through magmatic and tectonic processes). Although volatiles within Earth’s interior are relatively depleted compared to CI chondrites, the total amount of volatiles within Earth is still substantial due to its vast size. However, the relative extent of diffuse degassing from Earth’s interior, not directly related to volcanism, is not well constrained. Here we use dissolved helium and high-precision argon isotopes combined with radiocarbon of dissolved inorganic carbon in groundwater from the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer (Washington and Idaho, USA). We identify mantle and crustal volatile sources and quantify their fluxes to the surface. Excess helium and argon in the groundwater indicate a mixture of sub-continental lithospheric mantle and crustal sources, suggesting that passive degassing of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle may be an important, yet previously unrecognized, outgassing process. This finding that considerable outgassing may occur even in volcanically quiescent parts of the crust is essential for quantifying the long-term global volatile mass balance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144218703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}