地球科学最新文献

{"title":"VARiational Analysis of Nonhydrostatic Dynamics Using Short-Time Delayed Microwave Measurements, VARAND2","authors":"Thomas Lefebvre, Hélène Brogniez, Laura Hermozo, Frédéric Chevallier","doi":"10.1002/asl2.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asl2.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Deep convective clouds play a central role in the Earth water and energy cycles, yet their rapid vertical development remains difficult to characterize. The C<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mrow></mrow>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {}^2 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>OMODO mission relies on a tandem of two passive microwave radiometers flying sequentially with a time separation ranging from 45 to 135 s. This configuration enables the estimation of short-time brightness temperature differences that informs on convective dynamics. In this study, we introduce VARAND<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mrow></mrow>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {}^2 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, a one-dimensional variational method that exploits multi-temporal passive microwave observations like those provided by C<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mrow></mrow>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {}^2 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>OMODO to retrieve key dynamical properties of deep convection. VARAND<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mrow></mrow>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {}^2 $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> retrieves the vertical profile and short-time evolution of the Ice Water Content (IWC), as well as a parametrized vertical profile of air vertical velocity (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>w</mi>\u0000 <mi>air</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {w}_{mathrm{air}} $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>), characterized by its maximum amplitude (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>w</mi>\u0000 <mi>max</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {w}_{mathrm{max}} $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>) and the corresponding altitude (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>z</mi>\u0000 <mi>max</mi>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":50734,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Science Letters","volume":"27 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/asl2.70063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct Characteristics of Convectively Induced Turbulence (CIT) and Non-CIT in the Western Pacific Using In Situ Aircraft Data and GK-2A Satellite Data","authors":"Sung-Ho Baek,&nbsp;Jung-Hoon Kim,&nbsp;Yoo-Jeong Noh,&nbsp;Sang-Moo Lee,&nbsp;Daehyun Kim,&nbsp;Hye-Yeong Chun","doi":"10.1029/2026GL125211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026GL125211","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study introduces a newly defined turbulence patch that includes continuous turbulence reports of in situ aircraft data, separating at least 5-min from others. This enables the individual turbulence patch to be characterized more easily by their possible sources than by an isolated data point. Using 5 years of satellite observations, we classified new turbulence patches into convectively induced turbulence (CIT) and non-CIT. We also classified patches into long- and short-duration events. Patch duration shows clear latitudinal differences, especially for CIT. CIT duration is linked to the size of underlying convective systems and strength of background winds. Signal analysis shows that CIT in low latitude exhibits a high skewness and kurtosis, indicating highly variable turbulence with occasional extreme fluctuations. Meanwhile, long-duration non-CIT patches occur frequently under enhanced Clear-Air-Turbulence (CAT) diagnostics, indicating an association between CAT-prone conditions and encounter duration. These findings support turbulence risk assessment and nowcasting.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"53 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2026GL125211","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Future Ecogeomorphic State Transitions of an Undeveloped Barrier Island: Multidecadal Model Projections for North Core Banks, NC, USA","authors":"I. R. B. Reeves,&nbsp;E. E. Lentz,&nbsp;C. R. Sherwood,&nbsp;A. D. Ashton,&nbsp;S. L. Zeigler,&nbsp;D. L. Passeri","doi":"10.1029/2025JF009086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JF009086","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ecogeomorphic state transitions in coastal barrier systems will be impacted and likely amplified by projected accelerated sea-level rise and enhanced storm intensity over the next several decades. When, where, and how these transitions will take place remain uncertain and complex, yet are of primary interest to coastal managers looking to prepare for future changes. Here, we apply the new Mesoscale Explicit Ecogeomorphic Barrier model to generate probabilistic projections of future ecogeomorphic state transitions up to year 2050 for the undeveloped North Core Banks (NCB), North Carolina, United States. In our full probabilistic projection, which accounts for stochasticity from uncertainty in sea-level rise and high-water event (HWE) projections, loss of barrier interior to passive sea-level rise submergence dominates ecogeomorphic state transitions, suggesting that the biggest threat to many undeveloped barriers in the next several decades will come from the back-barrier rather than ocean-side. Additionally, this projection suggests that dune and unvegetated interior states are most volatile, with the intensity of state transitions varying significantly alongshore. In projections simulating a range of deterministic sea-level rise rates, higher rates enhance: overwash frequency; loss of beach and dune states; and interior submergence. We also find that state transitions are less sensitive to HWE intensity than sea-level rise, and that more frequent, moderate HWEs—rather than the largest events—may be the principal drivers of mesoscale ecogeomorphic state change. Our projections highlight important future mesoscale trends of ecogeomorphic state transitions for NCB that are likely relevant to other stable, sediment-rich barrier systems of U.S. coastlines.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"131 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JF009086","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kilometer-Scale Modeling of Atmospheric River Precipitation Using the Regionally Refined SCREAM Model","authors":"Sourav Taraphdar,&nbsp;L. Ruby Leung,&nbsp;Xiaodong Chen,&nbsp;Ning Sun","doi":"10.1029/2026MS005968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026MS005968","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study evaluates kilometer-scale simulations of atmospheric river (AR) precipitation using the Simple Cloud Resolving E3SM Atmosphere Model (SCREAM). Four AR events that cause flooding and impact the Puget Sound basin in the U.S. Pacific Northwest (PNW) are simulated using SCREAM with a regional refined mesh (RRM) at 3.125 km over the PNW within a global domain at 25 km resolution. Two SCREAM configurations are evaluated that differ only in their representation of ice-cloud fraction: the original version (SCREAMv0) uses a relative humidity-based formulation, whereas the revised version (SCREAMv0+) uses the cell-averaged ice mass mixing ratio. For all AR cases, SCREAMv0+ simulates stronger lower-level wind, more precipitable water, and increased moisture flux than SCREAMv0, aligning more closely with ERA5 reanalysis. With realistic large-scale circulation, SCREAMv0+ increases precipitation over the Cascades and decreases it over the Coastal Range, leading to a closer resemblance of the spatial rainfall distribution according to multiple observational products. SCREAMv0+ shows a deeper layer of cloud ice and mixed-phase hydrometeors than the SCREAMv0 simulations. It is likely that an altered latent heat release, caused by changes in the representation of ice- and mixed-phase mass ratios, causes a large-scale circulation response that eventually affects the precipitation distribution. Sensitivity experiments confirm these changes are mainly driven by how ice-cloud fraction interacts with microphysics. Results show that altering cloud macrophysics can significantly change the connection between microphysics, diabatic heating, and large-scale circulation in kilometer-scale models. These findings emphasize the importance of cloud mixed-phase processes in AR precipitation and demonstrate how regionally refined models like SCREAM can well simulate cold-season extreme rainfall in complex terrain.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2026MS005968","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mantle Transition Zone Constraints on Slab Penetration and Slab-Edge Mantle Flow Beneath the Kamchatka Peninsula","authors":"Muchen Sun,&nbsp;Yangyang Liao,&nbsp;Stephen S. Gao,&nbsp;Kelly H. Liu,&nbsp;Youqiang Yu","doi":"10.1029/2026GC013110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026GC013110","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Numerous seismic studies have reported the absence of a resolvable subducted slab beneath parts of northern Kamchatka, though the mechanism for this anomaly remains debated. We utilize 1,696 P-to-S receiver functions to image the mantle transition zone (MTZ) beneath the Kamchatka Peninsula and surrounding areas. Beneath southwestern Kamchatka, the thickened MTZ and the pronounced 520-km discontinuity support cold Cretaceous Pacific slab-related material with possible hydration within the MTZ. In contrast, significant MTZ thinning is observed beneath northern Kamchatka, where previous tomography studies also show slab absence in the shallow upper mantle. This argues against the presence of a large cold detached slab remnant in the sampled MTZ. Combined with previous seismic anisotropy, tomography, and geodynamic constraints, our results support a model that thermally buoyant mantle material flows around the slab edge and ascends into the upper mantle, forming a semi-toroidal mantle flow. The inferred slab-edge mantle flow may extend to at least MTZ depths and provide a plausible setting for progressive modification and weakening of the slab margin beneath northern Kamchatka, while allowing slab penetration farther southwest. These observations highlight the first-order role of slab–mantle interaction in controlling slab fate at convergent margins.</p>","PeriodicalId":50422,"journal":{"name":"Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems","volume":"27 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2026GC013110","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Offshore Freshened Groundwater Distribution Is Controlled by Along‐ and Cross‐Shore Topographic Variability","authors":"Yi‐Peng Zhang,Anner Paldor","doi":"10.1029/2026gl123775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026gl123775","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Offshore Freshened Groundwater (OFG) reservoirs are regarded as a potentially significant resource stored in continental shelves. While the role of subsurface geological conditions in controlling OFG has been widely recognized, the influence of the topography of the hosting continental shelf on OFG evolution remains poorly understood. Here, using generalized numerical modeling representative of a broad range of systems worldwide, we evaluate how the shelf slope affects the evolution of OFG in subsea aquifers, considering sea‐level rise over paleohydrogeological timescales. Our findings show that shallow dipping shelves are expected to have greater extents of OFG by up to 2.8 times and enhance the longevity of OFG preservation. Crucially, natural‐scale alongshore slope variability substantially influences the cross‐shore salt distribution. Considering alongshore flow shows that cross‐sectional analyses can overestimate OFG volumes by up to 3 times. These findings highlight the significance of shelf slope and lateral (alongshore) dynamics in estimating and predicting OFG resources.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretable Machine Learning Reveals Global Nonlinear Responses of Soil Respiration to Climate","authors":"Benjamin Laffitte,Zhihan Yang,Tao Zhou,Xiangjun Pei,Xiaolu Tang","doi":"10.1029/2026gl124051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2026gl124051","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Soil respiration ( R s ) is a major component of the global carbon cycle, yet its responses to environmental drivers remain poorly constrained. Using 8,111 observations and a SHAP‐interpreted Random Forest model, we identified global response patterns for key environmental drivers of R s . Temperature contributions showed a peaked association with a descriptive maximum of 27.7°C, precipitation contributions plateaued at high values, and leaf area index contributions increased approximately linearly. These results provide a global, data‐driven characterization of peaked temperature and saturating precipitation associations, including how their shapes and supported ranges vary among climate zones. Our results indicate that monotonic assumptions in Earth system models may overlook important nonlinearities and potentially bias estimates of terrestrial carbon flux responses to seasonal climate extremes. Interpretable machine learning therefore provides a transparent framework for evaluating and improving the representation of soil carbon dynamics under climate change.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Red beryl gemstone is a U-Pb geochronometer with implications for Be exploration","authors":"Rhiana Elizabeth Henry,Liam Courtney-Davies,Rebecca M. Flowers","doi":"10.1130/g55279.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g55279.1","url":null,"abstract":"Red beryl is a rare gem found in vugs or fissures in specific topaz rhyolite layers in the southwestern United States. Unlike other beryl, it contains high U (tens to thousands of parts per million). This study provides U-Pb dates for red beryl crystallization from five localities in three ranges, yielding robust laser ablation−inductively coupled plasma−mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) dates at higher precision than coeval sanidine K-Ar and zircon fission-track dates. U-Pb dates for specimens from the Ruby Violet Claim (20.96 ± 0.23 Ma) of the Wah Wah Mountains, Utah, Snowflake Claim (24.96 ± 0.3 Ma) of the Black Range, New Mexico, and Searle Canyon (6.69 ± 0.12 Ma) and Maynard’s Claim (6.87 ± 0.11 Ma) in the Thomas Range, Utah, are compatible with prior regional age constraints. However, red beryl dates from Wildhorse Spring, Utah (22.34 ± 0.20 Ma), are older than the expected age of ca. 6 Ma. These data reassign the red beryl−bearing layer to Spor Mountain volcanism, the host to the world’s largest Be deposit, indicating that a wider region should be explored for Be mineralization. Red beryl provides direct age limits on outgassing, capturing very late-stage volcanic processes not recorded by common geochronometers, which typically form within magma chambers or during eruptions. Our results show that if red beryl, a gem, or other unusual minerals have elevated U, they should be targeted as possible geochronometers.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"263 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging Artificial Intelligence and Data Assimilation: The Data-Driven Ensemble Weather Forecasting System ClimaX-LETKF","authors":"Akira Takeshima,&nbsp;Kenta Shiraishi,&nbsp;Atsushi Okazaki,&nbsp;Tadashi Tsuyuki,&nbsp;Shunji Kotsuki","doi":"10.1002/asl2.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/asl2.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While machine learning-based weather prediction (MLWP) has achieved significant advancements, research on assimilating real observations or ensemble forecasts within MLWP models remains limited. We introduce ClimaX-LETKF, the data-driven ML-based ensemble weather forecasting system that combines the MLWP model ClimaX with a conventional data assimilation program. It operates stably over multiple years, independently of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, by assimilating the NCEP ADP Global Upper Air and Surface Weather Observations. The system demonstrates similar analysis errors with both relaxation to prior perturbation (RTPP) and relaxation to prior spread (RTPS) when optimal relaxation parameters were applied. RTPP replaces an analysis perturbation with a weighted blend of analysis and background perturbations, whereas RTPS simply rescales the analysis perturbation. A substantial reduction in the ensemble spread was observed at the first forecast timestep when initialized from analyses produced with RTPS, indicating weaker initial ensemble spread growth than with RTPP. This work demonstrates stable long-term data assimilation cycling with a MLWP model using real observations and represents an important step toward practical, self-sustained MLWP forecasting systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":50734,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Science Letters","volume":"27 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/asl2.70062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Training Strategy for the Interpolation of Consecutively Missing Case","authors":"Xinyang Wang,&nbsp;Jun Ma,&nbsp;Xintong Dong,&nbsp;Hongzhou Wang","doi":"10.1111/1365-2478.70271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2478.70271","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Self-supervised learning (SSL) reduces the dependence on labelled training data by exploiting the structure of unlabelled data. However, since SSL struggles with capturing high-level semantic information for complex tasks, it faces some difficulties in dealing with challenging tasks such as consecutively missing traces and weak signal recovery under strong noise. Although supervised learning can address these challenges, it demands high-quality training sets, which are often unavailable. To achieve a good balance between the performance and reliance on the training set, we propose a pseudo-self-supervision training strategy-based (PSL-based) by introducing the idea of SSL into the classical supervised framework and using the three-dimensional (3D) consecutive missing reconstruction to test its effectiveness. For incomplete seismic volumes, limited complete regions (sharing extremely similar properties as missing sections) can serve as some training data, yet they are typically too scarce to fulfil the requirements for effective training. Thus, we propose a 3D diffusion model for data augmentation and use the augmented data to construct paired training sets for network training. Since the proposed strategy still trains the network by learning the intrinsic features of the data themselves, we refer to it as the ‘PSL strategy’. Experimental results on both prestack and poststack field datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed PSL-based training strategy compared with SSL-based and supervised training strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":12793,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Prospecting","volume":"74 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149206038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}