地球科学最新文献

{"title":"Chironomid assemblages in surface sediments from 182 lakes across New England and Eastern Canada: Development and validation of a new summer temperature transfer function","authors":"Thomas Suranyi , Julie Talbot , Donna Francis , Augustin Feussom Tcheumeleu , Pierre Grondin , Damien Rius , Adam A. Ali , Yves Bergeron , Laurent Millet","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109333","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"357 ","pages":"Article 109333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinct carbon sequestration in the glacial Pacific despite vigorous deep ocean circulation","authors":"Jinlong Du,&nbsp;Jun Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Pacific Ocean holds the largest marine carbon inventory and serves as a vital sink for atmospheric CO₂ during glacial periods. Associated with drastic cooling of the global oceans, the Pacific carbon sequestration has traditionally been attributed to slow deep circulation, similar to the mechanisms possibly occurring in the glacial Atlantic Ocean. Recently, however, this view has come under scrutiny due to a compilation of neodymium isotope records showing a shorter, rather than longer, transit time for deep Pacific water masses. The noted discrepancy suggests the presence of differing carbon dynamics operating in the glacial Pacific, raising the question of whether a larger carbon reservoir could persist under stronger deep ocean circulation. Here, we employ biogeochemical simulations to examine the possible mechanisms driving the enhanced carbon inventory in the glacial Pacific. The results indicate that the proposed rapid movement of deep Pacific water masses may be linked to cooling in the Southern Ocean, which further increases carbon storage primarily by intensifying air-sea disequilibrium at surface and impeding diapycnal mixing within the ocean interior. Essentially, the results suggest that a substantial Pacific carbon inventory can withstand intensified deep circulation. In the context of thermohaline circulation, the glacial North Atlantic plays a crucial role in absorbing atmospheric CO₂, whereas the surface Southern Ocean and North Pacific operate synergistically to inhibit the release of carbon from the ocean.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"660 ","pages":"Article 119344"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intense rift magmatism caused rapid thickening of Yilgarn Craton crust at 2.7 Ga","authors":"Alan R.A. Aitken,&nbsp;Q. Masurel,&nbsp;N. Thébaud,&nbsp;Lu Li,&nbsp;Abdul Azim bin Rossalim","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119336","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The crustal structure of many Archean cratons fits a paradigm of relatively thin crust (&lt; 35 km), with felsic compositions, low-velocity lower crust and a sharp Moho discontinuity. This contrasts with the crusts of Proterozoic regions, which are typified by thicker crust (&gt; 40 km), often with a high-velocity lower crust and a diffuse Moho. A global-scale transition in the nature of the crust is suggested, but its timing and nature remain unclear. The Yilgarn Craton in Western Australia has crustal thickness from ∼ 30 km to &gt; 45 km and may preserve a key example of this transition. This study employs seismic-constrained gravity inversion to resolve in detail the thickness and density of the Yilgarn Craton crust. Regions with thick and dense crust are identified, and we explore two scenarios for their development: scenario 1 involves crustal shortening, erosion, and the development of a garnet-bearing lower crust, and scenario 2 involves addition of mafic magmatic rocks during extension. Scenario 2 is more consistent with the Neoarchean geology of the craton and the inferred extents of juvenile magmatism between 2.73 to 2.65 Ga. A regional stratigraphic unconformity at ca. 2.73 Ga is recognised as a turning point in the evolution of the craton, marking the crossing of thermo-rheological thresholds for geodynamically-stable lower crust. We suggest that net crustal thickening occurred over the next ∼40 Ma with a mafic magmatic input totalling 5.0 Mkm³ balanced by moderate extension (β-factor ∼ 1.1) Monte-Carlo simulations use a time-and-space distributed series of events of &lt;40 Ma duration and &lt;10 MKm³ vol to successfully explain modelled variations in global average crustal thickness through time. The event identified here aligns with a peak in constructive tendency, supporting the diachronous and episodic growth of the global lower crust during the Neoarchean.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"660 ","pages":"Article 119336"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drivers of persistent changes in the global methane cycle under aggressive mitigation action","authors":"Gerd A. Folberth, Chris D. Jones, Fiona M. O’Connor, Nicola Gedney, Paul T. Griffiths, Andy J. Wiltshire","doi":"10.1038/s41612-024-00867-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-024-00867-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To achieve the Paris climate agreement goals, methane (CH₄) emission mitigation plays a key role. Therefore, a better understanding of the global methane cycle is indispensable. Here we simulate the global methane cycle fully interactively from 1850 to 2100 with a strong mitigation action scenario (SSP1-2.6) post 2014. We show that the atmospheric methane burden largely recovers to early 20th-century levels, while wetland methane emissions follow a persistent upward trend from 166 Tg(CH₄) yr^–1 at pre-industrial to 221 Tg(CH₄) yr^–1 in 2100. The methane lifetime decreases from 9.3 to 7.3 years over the 1850–2100 period. We identify net primary productivity as the main driver behind the wetland methane trend with <i>R</i>² = 0.7. This implies that important components of the methane cycle (wetland methane, methane lifetime) are subject to Earth system feedbacks, potentially impacting any prospective methane mitigation action. Therefore, methane mitigation strategies will need to consider feedbacks in the Earth system.</p>","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electron Phase Space Densities in Geostationary Orbits as Measured With GK2A, GOES-16, and GOES-17 Satellites","authors":"C. H. Lee,&nbsp;J. Seon,&nbsp;W. H. Seol,&nbsp;K. H. Kim,&nbsp;D. E. Larson,&nbsp;G. K. Parks,&nbsp;H. U. Auster,&nbsp;W. Magnes,&nbsp;S. Kraft,&nbsp;D. Y. Lee,&nbsp;A. Boudouridis,&nbsp;P. T. M. Loto'aniu,&nbsp;J. V. Rodriguez","doi":"10.1029/2024JA033161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033161","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated electron phase space densities (PSDs) in geostationary orbits using data from Korea's geostationary satellite, GK2A, as well as GOES-16 and GOES-17 satellites. The PSDs were computed from electron fluxes measured by each satellite during a geomagnetically quiet period as defined by stringent conditions on geomagnetic activity. The conjunction of the satellites over invariant coordinates enabled electron PSDs from pairs of satellites to be compared to assess the extent of deviation of the PSD ratios from the expected ratio of one, as inferred from the Liouville theorem. The results show that PSDs from the satellites are sufficiently consistent to allow the estimation of the radial gradient of the PSDs. Comparisons of radial gradients estimated in this manner show that positive radial gradients prevail during geomagnetically quiet periods, whereas both positive and negative gradients may occur at similar frequencies during active periods. This study provides statistical insights into the physical mechanisms responsible for the observed radial gradient profiles based on findings from a wide range of local times during both geomagnetically quiet and active periods.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JA033161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-stage hybrid modeling for real-time streamflow prediction in data-scarce regions","authors":"Awad M. Ali ,&nbsp;Mohammed Abdallah ,&nbsp;Babak Mohammadi ,&nbsp;Hussam Eldin Elzain","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study Region:</h3><div>The Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia</div></div><div><h3>Study focus:</h3><div>This study addresses the challenge of utilizing satellite-based precipitation data in rainfall-runoff models for regions with limited ground observations. We propose a three-stage methodology incorporating Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) into a conceptual data-driven framework (CHM-VMD-ML). The method was tested on four PERSIANN family precipitation products (2005–2019) using two conceptual hydrological models (CHM: HBV and GR6J) and three machine learning models (ML: Random Forest Regression, Boosted Regression Forest, and CatBoost Regression), with VMD applied to improve model inputs.</div><div>New hydrological insights: Our results highlight that integrating VMD significantly enhances the reliability of hydrological simulations driven by satellite precipitation data, particularly during low-flow periods. This approach reduces biases in PERSIANN products and improves overall model performance, as evidenced by an increase in Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency values from 0.22–0.87 in the initial stage (CHM) to 0.74–0.92 in the final stage (CHM-VMD-ML). These findings underscore the importance of signal decomposition for refining data-driven models, facilitating better hydrological prediction and decision-making in data-scarce regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"59 ","pages":"Article 102337"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Eddy Flux Transport of the Magnetohydrodynamic Quasi-Geostrophic Disturbances","authors":"Chengkang Li,&nbsp;Yaokun Li","doi":"10.1029/2025GL115063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The classic Eliassen-Palm (E-P) flux in the geophysical fluid dynamics is a vector to qualify the eddy momentum and heat flux transport by Rossby waves in the latitude-height plane. In this investigation, we derive two magnetic E-P fluxes to quantify the eddy energy transport by magnetic Rossby waves by using magnetohydrodynamic quasi-geostrophic theory. The first extends the classic E-P relation; the second arises from the magnetic and motion coupling. In wave-like dynamics, the cross-component flux vanishes, allowing the first flux to fully describe energy propagation. We further show magnetic Rossby waves can grow where Rossby waves cannot. When they develop, the increasing perturbation energy is fed by the zonal flow through Reynolds and Maxwell stresses transport. Our findings, bridging the geophysical fluid dynamics and magnetohydrodynamics, advance understanding of large-scale dynamics in magnetized environments and enhance predictions of planetary magnetic field evolution, space weather, and solar dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL115063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why Are Plume Excess Temperatures Much Less Than the Temperature Drop Across the Lowermost-Mantle Thermal Boundary Layer?","authors":"Bernhard Steinberger,&nbsp;Poulami Roy,&nbsp;Michael Pons,&nbsp;Matteo Paul Jopke","doi":"10.1029/2024JB030111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB030111","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While temperature drop across the mantle's basal thermal boundary layer (TBL) is likely <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>&gt;</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${ &gt;} $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>1,000 K, the temperature anomaly of plumes believed to rise from that TBL is only up to a few hundred Kelvins. Reasons for that discrepancy are still poorly understood and a number of causes have been proposed. Here, we use the ASPECT software to model plumes from the lowermost mantle and study their excess temperatures. We use a mantle viscosity that depends on temperature and depth with a strong viscosity increase from below the lithosphere toward the lower mantle, reaching about <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mn>0</mn>\u0000 <mn>23</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $1{0}^{23}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> Pas above the basal TBL, consistent with geoid modeling and slow motion of mantle plumes. With a mineral physics-derived pyrolite material model, the difference between a plume adiabat and an ambient mantle adiabat just below the lithosphere is about two thirds of that at the base of the mantle, for example, 1,280 versus 835 K. 3D models of isolated plumes become nearly steady-state <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>&gt;</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${ &gt;} $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>10–20 Myr after the plume head has reached the surface, with excess temperature drop compared to an adiabat for material directly from the core-mantle boundary (CMB) usually less than 100 K. In the Earth, plumes are likely triggered by slabs and probably rise preferably above the margins of chemically distinct piles. This could lead to reduced excess temperatures, if plumes are more sheet-like, similar to 2D models, or temperature at their source depth is less than at the CMB. Excess temperatures are further reduced when averaged over the plume conduit or melting region.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JB030111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"4D-Var Using Hessian Approximation and Backpropagation Applied to Automatically Differentiable Numerical and Machine Learning Models","authors":"Kylen Solvik,&nbsp;Stephen G. Penny,&nbsp;Stephan Hoyer","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004608","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Constraining a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model with observations via 4D variational (4D-Var) Data assimilation (DA) is often difficult to implement due to the need to develop and maintain a software-based tangent linear model and adjoint model. One of the most common 4D-Var algorithms uses an incremental update procedure, which has been shown to be an approximation of the Gauss-Newton method. Here we demonstrate that when using a forecast model that supports flexible automatic differentiation, an efficient and in some cases more accurate alternative approximation of the Gauss-Newton method can be applied by combining backpropagation of errors with a Hessian approximation. This approach can be used with either a conventional physical model implemented with automatic differentiation or a machine learning (ML) based surrogate model. We test the new approach on a variety of Lorenz-96 and quasi-geostrophic models. The results indicate potential for a deeper integration of modeling, DA, and new technologies in a next-generation of operational forecast systems that leverage weather models designed to support flexible, on-the-fly automatic differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004608","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gas geochemical characteristics and heat source mechanisms of a fault-controlled geothermal system: A case study from the western Wugongshan area, South China","authors":"Luyao Wang ,&nbsp;Kai Liu ,&nbsp;Li Wan ,&nbsp;Wuhui Jia ,&nbsp;Shouchuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Haoming Tang ,&nbsp;Gaoyang Bu ,&nbsp;Xinrui Yue","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107768","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107768","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geothermal systems controlled by active fault zones represent a critical component of sustainable energy exploration, yet their fluid genesis and heat source mechanisms remain poorly constrained in complex tectonic settings. This study investigates the chemical composition and isotopic data of dissolved gases from multiple water bodies in the western Wugongshan area to elucidate the sources of hydrothermal volatiles, reservoir temperature, lithospheric thermal structure, and heat source mechanisms. Our findings reveal a distinctive gas assemblage dominated by N₂ (74.51–90.83 vol%), with subordinate O₂ (3.58–18.19 vol%) and CO₂ (1.17–5.93 vol%). Helium isotopic signatures (0.08–0.16 Ra) indicate a primary crustal radiogenic origin (97.79–99.21 %), while δ¹³C_CO2values (−11.9 ‰ to −21.9 ‰ VPDB) and δ¹³C_CH4 values (−49.8 ‰ to −74.8 ‰ VPDB) suggest that CO₂ predominantly originates from crustal organic sources and CH₄ is primarily generated through thermogenic and microbiological processes. The application of IMG and CO₂-CH₄ gas isotope geothermometers indicates that the temperature of the deep gas source varies between 100.2 °C and 197.3 °C, which is marginally above the temperature range of the geothermal water reservoir, recorded at 120.3 °C to 137.1 °C. Furthermore, integrated analysis of ³He/⁴He, borehole temperature measurements, and rock thermophysical properties indicate that the lithospheric thermal structure of the study area is classified as “hot crust-cold mantle,” with a crust-mantle heat flow ratio ranging from 1.36 to 1.56. Finally, the heat source mechanism of the fault-controlled geothermal system in the western Wugongshan area was presented: (1) thermal accumulation of blanket-shaped heat flow conduction and Moho surface thinning diffluence; (2) radioactive decay heat from crustal concentrated layers; and (3) convective heat from deep faults. This study provides a new perspective on the heat source mechanisms of fault-controlled geothermal systems and serves as an important reference for the exploration and utilization of geothermal resources with similar origins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 107768"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}