地球科学最新文献

{"title":"3D high-resolution numerical modelling of altimetry-derived marine gravity data","authors":"Róbert Čunderlík, Marek Macák, Michal Kollár, Zuzana Minarechová, Karol Mikula","doi":"10.1007/s00190-025-01957-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-025-01957-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper presents 3D numerical modelling of the altimetry-derived marine gravity data with the high horizontal resolution 1 × 1 arc min. The finite volume method (FVM) as a numerical method is used to solve the altimetry–gravimetry boundary-value problem. Large-scale parallel computations result in the disturbing potential in every finite volume of the discretized 3D computational domain between an ellipsoidal approximation of the Earth’s surface and an upper boundary chosen at altitude of 200 km. Afterwards, the first, second or higher derivatives of the disturbing potential in different directions can be numerically derived using the finite differences. A crucial impact on achieved accuracy has the process of preparing the Dirichlet boundary conditions over oceans/seas. It is based on nonlinear filtering of the geopotential generated on a mean sea surface (MSS) from a GRACE/GOCE-based satellite-only global geopotential model. The paper presents different types of the altimetry-derived marine gravity data obtained on the DTU21_MSS as well as at higher altitudes of the 3D computational domain. The altimetry-derived gravity disturbances on the DTU21_MSS are compared with those from recent datasets like DTU21_GRAV or SS_v31.1. Standard deviations of the residuals are about 2.7 and 2.9 mGal, respectively. The obtained altimetry-derived gravity disturbances at higher altitudes are compared with airborne gravity data from the GRAV-D campaign in US showing accuracy about 3 mGal. In addition, the gravity disturbing gradients as the second derivatives or the third derivatives are provided with the same high resolution on the DTU21_MSS as well as at different altitudes.</p>","PeriodicalId":54822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geodesy","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Sensitivity of Land-Atmosphere Coupling to Soil Moisture Over the Tibetan Plateau Based on the Improved Noah-MP Model","authors":"Yaling Chen,&nbsp;Xianhong Meng,&nbsp;Lele Shu,&nbsp;Jun Wen,&nbsp;Zhaoguo Li,&nbsp;Hao Chen,&nbsp;Lin Zhao,&nbsp;Mingshan Deng,&nbsp;Xinyi Gu,&nbsp;Qiang Zhang","doi":"10.1029/2024JD042895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042895","url":null,"abstract":"<p>While land-atmosphere water-heat exchange critically influences climate variability and the water cycle, particularly in cold regions, it is inadequately comprehended due to insufficient observational data. This study aims to improve the performance of the community Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah-MP) model in water and heat transfer simulations and explore the sensitivity of regional land-atmosphere coupling to soil moisture over the Tibetan Plateau. The model is evaluated against data from eight eddy covariance sites, four soil temperature and moisture networks, and seven reanalysis products. Various sensibility tests are conducted, including the replacement of soil property, surface drag coefficient scheme, canopy stomatal resistance scheme, soil surface resistance scheme, and their different combinations. The results indicate that different schemes can improve certain aspects of model simulations. Specifically, the modified surface drag coefficient scheme reduces the overestimation in sensible heat flux by adjusting the surface heat exchange coefficient, while the improved stomatal and soil resistance schemes enhance latent heat flux and soil moisture simulations. The optimal combination significantly reduces average bias by 61.3% for the Bowen ratio, 9.6% for soil temperature, and 50.0% for soil moisture. Regional simulations demonstrate that sensible heat flux constitutes the primary constituent within the energy partitioning, characterized by a mean Bowen ratio of 1.84. In arid and semiarid zones, the Bowen ratios are 3.10 and 1.75, respectively, underscoring stronger surface energy exchange capacity over drier soil conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Debris Flow Warning via Machine Learning Feature Reduction and Model Selection","authors":"Qi Zhou,&nbsp;Hui Tang,&nbsp;Clément Hibert,&nbsp;Małgorzata Chmiel,&nbsp;Fabian Walter,&nbsp;Michael Dietze,&nbsp;Jens M. Turowski","doi":"10.1029/2024JF008094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF008094","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The advent of machine learning has significantly improved the accuracy of identifying mass movements through the seismic waves they generate, making it possible to implement real-time early warning systems for debris flows. However, we lack a profound understanding of the effective seismic features and the limitations of different machine learning models. In this work, we investigate eighty seismic features and three machine learning models for single-station-based binary debris flow classification and multi-station-based warning tasks. These seismic features, derived from physical and statistical knowledge of impact sources, are grouped into five sets: Benford's law, waveform, spectra, spectrogram, and network. The machine learning models belong to two families: two ensemble models, Random Forest and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost); one recurrent neural network model, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). We analyzed feature importance from the ensemble models and found that the number and even the types of seismic features are not critical for training an effective binary classifier for debris flow. When using models designed to capture patterns in sequential data rather than focusing on information only in one given window, using the LSTM does not significantly improve the performance of binary debris flow classification task over Random Forest and XGBoost. For the multi-station-based debris flow warning task, the LSTM model predicts debris flow probability more consistently and provides longer warning times. Our proposed framework simplifies machine learning-driven debris flow classification and lays the foundation for affordable seismic signal-driven early warning using a sparse seismic network.</p>","PeriodicalId":15887,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JF008094","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pore Fluid Origins, Circulation, and Links With Methane Hydrate on the South-Central Chilean Margin","authors":"Vincent J. Clementi,&nbsp;Wei-Li Hong,&nbsp;Yair Rosenthal,&nbsp;Samantha C. Bova,&nbsp;Laurel B. Childress","doi":"10.1029/2025GC012195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GC012195","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The chemical composition of marine sedimentary pore waters, notably freshening signals inferred from decreases in dissolved Cl⁻, have demonstrated a link between methane hydrate accumulation and the circulation of fluids and gases in convergent margin systems. However, the south-central Chilean Margin (32–46°S) lacks geochemical evidence for this relationship. In 2019, D/V <i>JOIDES Resolution</i> Expedition 379T drilled two sites (J1005 and J1006) near legacy site ODP 1233 (41°S) and recovered 120 m sediment cores from a seafloor venting structure. The sites are less than 10 km apart but exhibit differences in pore water chemistry and methane hydrate occurrence. The extent of Cl⁻ decrease is a function of distance from the venting structure, with the greatest freshening (and only recovery of methane hydrate) occurring at the closest site. Methane fluxes follow the same pattern, suggesting a common influence. Increasing oxygen and decreasing hydrogen isotopes point to mineral bound water originating ∼2.5 km below the seafloor as the primary source of pore water freshening. In contrast, marine silicate weathering coupled to methanogenesis, authigenic carbonate formation, and the alteration of oceanic crust regulate Sr systematics. These spatial heterogeneities indicate that fluid migration is attributable to regional overpressures in the accretionary complex and flows along narrow fault structures. We suggest that the focused migration of deep, gas-charged fluids serves as a model for regional methane hydrate accumulation, reconciling model estimates and field observations. Collectively, our results highlight an important link between regional hydrogeology, diagenetic processes, and methane hydrate formation on the south-central Chilean Margin.</p>","PeriodicalId":50422,"journal":{"name":"Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GC012195","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-disintegration property of red soil treated with building gypsum powder","authors":"Yinlei Sun ,&nbsp;Zhen Li ,&nbsp;Xuan-Chen Lin ,&nbsp;Qing-Ru Du ,&nbsp;Xi Zou ,&nbsp;Xianwei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Red soil exhibits a tendency to soften and disintegrate upon exposure to water, posing significant geological hazards and engineering challenges. In the present study, building gypsum powder (BGP) was employed as a modifier to systematically investigate its influence on the resistance to disintegration of red soil under the influence of various alkaline admixtures. Utilizing a custom-built dry-wet cycle disintegration tester, in conjunction with microscopic analysis techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), XRF (X-ray Fluorescence) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), the enhancement mechanism of BGP on the microstructure of red soil was thoroughly investigated. The findings indicate that an increase in the dosage of BGP markedly enhances the resistance to disintegration of red soil, particularly when the dosage surpasses 5 %. Under the influence of various admixtures, BGP-modified red soil undergoes chemical processes, including ion exchange, crystallization, and volcanic ash reaction, leading to a significant reduction in porosity, an increase in density, and a marked improvement in the water stability of red soil. The dry-wet cycle test provided further confirmation that the admixture markedly improved the water stability of BGP-modified red soil. Furthermore, the quantitative relationship between the microstructural parameters of the modified red soil and its disintegration properties was established through the application of grey correlation analysis and fractal theory, elucidating the crucial role of pore perimeter and area in the resistance to disintegration of red soil. This research endeavors to establish a scientific foundation for the prevention and mitigation of debris flows, landslides, and other disasters in red soil regions, and to propose novel strategies for the selection of geotechnical enhancement materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 107832"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disentangling anthropogenic and dynamic contributions to recent ocean warming","authors":"Jiheun Lee, Rémi Tailleux, Till Kuhlbrodt","doi":"10.1038/s41612-025-01043-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01043-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As the ocean absorbs over 90% of excess radiative heat, recent ocean warming is shaped by a combination of anthropogenic surface heat gain and dynamical processes redistributing heat. To distinguish these contributions, we introduce a novel framework that decomposes temperature changes into three components: ‘spice’ (density-compensated variability) and ‘heave’ (density-contributing variability), with heave further divided into ‘passive’ (net warming) and ‘dynamic’ (redistribution) contributions. Passive heave captures anthropogenic warming subducted along isopycnals, while spice and dynamic heave, which globally sum to zero, represent heat redistribution. Observations and climate models demonstrate general agreement on passive heave, establishing it as a key oceanic fingerprint of anthropogenic climate change. In contrast, dynamic heave, driven by interannual-to-decadal variability, exhibits significant spatial heterogeneity, with notable discrepancies between models and observations. This framework links ocean heat uptake to sea-level change, with passive heave driving global thermosteric rise and dynamic heave contributing to regional dynamic sea level changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Classical and Quantum Accelerometers for Future Satellite Gravity Missions","authors":"Alireza HosseiniArani,&nbsp;Manuel Schilling,&nbsp;Benjamin Tennstedt,&nbsp;Alexey Kupriyanov,&nbsp;Quentin Beaufils,&nbsp;Annike Knabe,&nbsp;Arpetha C. Sreekantaiah,&nbsp;Franck Pereira dos Santos,&nbsp;Steffen Schön,&nbsp;Jürgen Müller","doi":"10.1029/2024EA004187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EA004187","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cold atom interferometry based quantum accelerometers (Q-ACCs) are very promising for future satellite gravity missions thanks to their strength in providing long-term stable and precise measurements of non-gravitational accelerations. However, their limitations due to the low measurement rate and the existence of ambiguities in the raw sensor measurements call for hybridization of the Q-ACC with a classical one (e.g., electrostatic) with higher bandwidth. While previous hybridization studies have so far considered simple noise models for the Q-ACC and neglected the impact of satellite rotation on the phase shift of the accelerometer, we perform here a more advanced hybridization simulation by implementing a comprehensive noise model for the satellite-based Q-ACCs and considering the full impact of rotation, gravity gradient, and self-gravity on the instrument. We perform simulation studies for scenarios with different assumptions about quantum and classical sensors and satellite missions. The performance benefits of the hybrid solutions, taking the synergy of both classical and Q-ACCs into account, will be quantified. We found that implementing a hybrid accelerometer onboard a future gravity mission improves the gravity solution by one to two orders in lower and higher degrees. In particular, the produced global gravity field maps show a drastic reduction in the instrumental contribution to the striping effect after introducing measurements from the hybrid accelerometers.</p>","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024EA004187","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Microstructural Analysis of Exhumed Epidote-Amphibolites and Plate Interface Rheology in Warm Subduction Zones","authors":"Laurens H. Kleijbeuker,&nbsp;Hamed Amiri,&nbsp;Maartje F. Hamers,&nbsp;Alissa J. Kotowski","doi":"10.1029/2024GC011886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GC011886","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Epidote-amphibolites form along the plate interface during subduction infancy and are stable in warm, mature subduction zones that generate slow earthquakes. Epidote-amphibolite rheology therefore likely influences plate-scale processes during plate boundary formation and grain-scale processes that give rise to slip transients. We present optical and electron microscopy of naturally deformed epidote-amphibolites from beneath the Oman ophiolite (∼7–10 kbar, 400–550°C) to characterize their deformation behavior. Epidote-amphibolites are fine-grained, strongly foliated and lineated, and exhibit polyphase fabrics in which amphiboles (grain size ∼10–50 μm) and epidotes (grain size ∼5–20 μm) are strain-accommodating phases. Two-point correlation connectivity analysis demonstrates that amphiboles are well-connected regardless of phase proportions/distributions. Chemical analysis and electron backscatter diffraction reveals amphibole syn-kinematic metamorphic zonations, strong crystallographic and shape - preferred orientations (CPOs and SPOs), subgrain geometries indicating (hk0)[001] slip, and high average Grain Orientation Spreads (GOS; ∼6°), interpreted as coupled dissolution-precipitation creep (DPC) and dislocation glide. Epidotes record weak CPOs, low intragranular misorientations, moderate SPOs, and low GOS (∼0–2°), interpreted as deformation by DPC. Depending on phase distributions, epidote-amphibolite rheology can be approximated as interconnected weak layers of amphibole dissolution creep or a composite rheology of plasticity and fluid-assisted/diffusion-accommodated creep. We estimate stress from quartz piezometry (∼30–45 MPa) and strain rates from flow laws and geologic data (6 · 10⁻¹¹ to 10⁻¹³ s⁻¹), and calculate equivalent viscosities of &lt;10¹⁸ Pa-s. On tectonic timescales, such low viscosities are consistent with epidote-amphibolites serving as strain localizing agents during subduction infancy. On seismic timescales, coupled dislocation glide and diffusion creep exemplify a strain-hardening deformation state that could culminate in creep transients.</p>","PeriodicalId":50422,"journal":{"name":"Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GC011886","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Aluminum increases net carbon fixation by marine diatoms and decreases their decomposition: Evidence for the iron–aluminum hypothesis”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/lno.12377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12377","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass deposition of microbes from wildfire smoke to the sea surface microlayer","authors":"Siyao Yue, Yafang Cheng, Lishan Zheng, Senchao Lai, Shan Wang, Tianli Song, Linjie Li, Ping Li, Jialei Zhu, Meng Li, Lianfang Wei, Chaoqun Ma, Rui Jin, Yingyi Zhang, Yele Sun, Zifa Wang, Kimitaka Kawamura, Cong‐Qiang Liu, Hang Su, Meinrat O. Andreae, Pingqing Fu","doi":"10.1002/lno.70078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.70078","url":null,"abstract":"Microbes in the sea surface microlayer (SML) are key to connecting the ocean and the atmosphere, affecting the exchange of matter, momentum, and heat at the interface. However, their sources have never been quantified systematically. Seawater has long been deemed their major source, whereas atmospheric deposition is regarded as trivial or merely providing additional nutrients. Here, combining atmospheric observations and quantitative budget analyses, we show that during the Indonesian peatland wildfire events the smoke can directly deposit abundant microbes into the SML, which can be comparable to the estimated supply from seawater and potentially diversify the microbial community of the SML. This land–air–ocean interaction is relevant for global climate, as it may induce previously unknown effects on the air–sea interactions, especially in an increasingly warming future with more intensifying wildfires.","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143876147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}