地球科学最新文献

{"title":"Inefficient Melt Transport Across a Weakened Lithosphere Led to Anomalous Rift Architecture in the Turkana Depression","authors":"Adina E. Pusok,&nbsp;Yuan Li,&nbsp;Tim Davis,&nbsp;Dave A. May,&nbsp;Richard F. Katz","doi":"10.1029/2025GL115228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115228","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Turkana Depression, located between the Ethiopian and East African plateaus, displays an anomalous rift architecture. It is missing the narrow, magma-rich morphology observed in the Main Ethiopian Rift that cuts through the Ethiopian Plateau. Instead, diffuse faulting and isolated volcanic centers are widespread over several hundred kilometers. Turkana has also experienced less magmatism over the last 30 Myr than adjacent plateaus, despite having a thin crust and residing above a mantle that is inferred to be hot and partially molten. We hypothesize that lithospheric weakening has been the key control on magma transport across the lithosphere in the Turkana Depression and subsequent rift development. Using poro-viscoelastic–viscoplastic models of melt transport, we show that magma extraction across a thin, weakened lithosphere is slower than across a thick, elastic lithosphere. Our results suggest that pre-rift lithospheric strength can explain the magma-poor character of Turkana for most of its tectonic history.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL115228","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astronomical Cyclicity in Loess Magnetic Proxy Records From Western Arid Central Asia During the Early Pleistocene","authors":"Qiang Wang,&nbsp;Jiaxing Yang,&nbsp;Jiamei Lei,&nbsp;Mi Wang,&nbsp;Xiangfeng Tang,&nbsp;Yining Tang,&nbsp;Farhad Khormali,&nbsp;Davlatkhudzha Murodov,&nbsp;Xin Wang","doi":"10.1029/2024GL113868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113868","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Earth's orbital precession is expected to have a sustained impact on global climate. However, existing sedimentary records from the westerlies-influenced arid Central Asia (ACA) during the early Pleistocene are dominated by ∼41-kyr obliquity cycles. Here, we present the first clear evidence of dominant ∼21-kyr precession cycles in terrestrial climate proxy records from ACA during this period. We show that the ratio of anhysteretic remanent magnetization susceptibility (<i>χ</i>_ARM) to low-frequency magnetic susceptibility (<i>χ</i>_lf) in loess sediments is a robust proxy for paleoprecipitation. A ∼600 ka <i>χ</i>_ARM/<i>χ</i>_lf record from loess deposits in western ACA exhibits clear ∼21-kyr cycles between ∼2.24 and 2.05 Ma, when the regional climate was dry and the pedogenic intensity was weak. These findings shed new light on the role of precession in driving hydroclimate variability and underscore the importance of low-latitude insolation forcing across the mid-latitude arid regions of Asia.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL113868","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passive degassing of lithospheric volatiles recorded in shallow young groundwater","authors":"R. L. Tyne, M. W. Broadley, D. V. Bekaert, P. H. Barry, O. Warr, J. B. Langman, I. Musan, W. J. Jenkins, A. M. Seltzer","doi":"10.1038/s41561-025-01702-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-025-01702-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The development of life on Earth has been enabled by its volatile-rich surface. The volatile budget of Earth’s surface is controlled by the balance between ingassing (for example, via subduction) and outgassing (for example, through magmatic and tectonic processes). Although volatiles within Earth’s interior are relatively depleted compared to CI chondrites, the total amount of volatiles within Earth is still substantial due to its vast size. However, the relative extent of diffuse degassing from Earth’s interior, not directly related to volcanism, is not well constrained. Here we use dissolved helium and high-precision argon isotopes combined with radiocarbon of dissolved inorganic carbon in groundwater from the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer (Washington and Idaho, USA). We identify mantle and crustal volatile sources and quantify their fluxes to the surface. Excess helium and argon in the groundwater indicate a mixture of sub-continental lithospheric mantle and crustal sources, suggesting that passive degassing of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle may be an important, yet previously unrecognized, outgassing process. This finding that considerable outgassing may occur even in volcanically quiescent parts of the crust is essential for quantifying the long-term global volatile mass balance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19053,"journal":{"name":"Nature Geoscience","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144218703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving cost–benefit analyses for health-considered climate mitigation policymaking","authors":"Jianxiang Shen, Shihui Zhang, Mengzhen Zhao, Chi Zhang, Wenjia Cai, Can Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02351-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02351-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There is growing discussion about enhancing climate policy efficiency by prioritizing health, with expectations for including health co-benefits in the next round of nationally determined contribution updates. Critical to this effort is the need to compare the benefits to the costs of mitigation. Here we synthesize the current cost-effectiveness of climate policies based on health-included cost–benefit analyses and identify key research challenges and opportunities for scaling up health-considered or even health-centred climate policies. Furthermore, we show factors essential to accelerating the development and implementation of mitigation policies, including providing tangible and policy-relevant health co-benefits, promoting interdisciplinary contributions and cross-sector policy engagement, conducting regional studies and improving inter-study comparability, and exploring health-considered optimized strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144219010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinguishing the Isotopic Signals of Nitrate Assimilation and Denitrification Along the GEOTRACES GP15 Pacific Meridional Transect","authors":"Dario Marconi,&nbsp;Daniel M. Sigman,&nbsp;Karen L. Casciotti,&nbsp;Rian M. Lawrence,&nbsp;Wentao Wang,&nbsp;Sergey Oleynik,&nbsp;Alfredo Martínez-García","doi":"10.1029/2024JC022084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC022084","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The biogeochemical processes shaping the fluxes of nitrogen (N) in the tropical to subarctic Pacific are illuminated by nitrate isotope ratios (δ¹⁵N and δ¹⁸O) along the GEOTRACES GP15 section. In the equatorial and tropical Pacific, nitrate δ¹⁵N and δ¹⁸O are 2–4‰ higher in the thermocline than in deeper waters. This widespread elevation is driven by both nitrate assimilation in Southern Ocean surface waters and denitrification in the eastern tropical Pacific. In addition to this, a poleward increase in the δ¹⁵N of surface nitrate from the Equator to 10°S is generated by the progressive consumption of nitrate upwelled at the Equator and transported southward. This process leads to increases in the δ¹⁵N of phytoplankton biomass and a strong meridional nitrate isotopic gradient in the thermocline due to regeneration of sinking N. North of the Equator, an analogous gradient is barely detectable due to weaker northward flow and a compressed spatial scale for nitrate drawdown. By contrast, between 5°N and 40°N, the nitrate isotope gradients are dominated by the processes driving the oceanic fixed N budget: denitrification and N₂ fixation. High-δ¹⁵N and -δ¹⁸O nitrate in the tropics is advected from the oxygen deficient zone where denitrification occurs, whereas in the adjacent subtropics, low-δ¹⁵N thermocline nitrate suggests a response by N₂ fixation that is not observed in the south. The asymmetry of the north and south tropical Pacific gradients in thermocline nitrate isotopes has implications for efforts to reconstruct the N cycle in the past.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JC022084","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity of Future Projections of Atmospheric Rivers Over Australia to the Choice of Thresholding Method","authors":"Kimberley J. Reid,&nbsp;Sophie Allen,&nbsp;Emil Tolgambayev","doi":"10.1029/2024JD043010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD043010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are narrow regions of strong water vapor transport in the atmosphere that can cause beneficial and hazardous hydrological impacts. One of the challenges of evaluating future AR projections is in defining future Integrated Water Vapor Transport (IVT) thresholds to use to identify ARs. The two main methods are to use a percentile of IVT based on the historical climate (fixed) or a percentile based on the future climate (relative). Although most global studies of future ARs use a fixed method, the choice of thresholding method can lead to different future projections. This study assesses the sensitivity of future projections (2080–2100) of AR frequency and precipitation impacts over Australia to the IVT thresholding method using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 data under a moderate (SSP245) and high (SSP585) emissions scenario. We found that both thresholding methods lead to an increase (or no change) in AR frequency but there is considerable variation in the magnitude of the projected increase in AR frequency. Both methods suggest that heavy AR-associated precipitation will increase along with the occurrence of no rain during AR events over southeast Australia, whereas there may be a reduction in both light and heavy AR precipitation over southwest Australia. Using a fixed method leads to a drier projection for AR-associated precipitation and identifies weaker ARs. As the driest inhabited continent, understanding future precipitation and how rain-bearing weather systems, such as ARs, may change in a warmer climate is important for managing risk to Australia's future water availability.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD043010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uniform, circular, and shallow enamel pitting in hominins: Prevalence, morphological associations, and potential taxonomic significance","authors":"Ian Towle ,&nbsp;Mackie C. O'Hara ,&nbsp;A.B. Leece ,&nbsp;Andy I.R. Herries ,&nbsp;Afua Adjei ,&nbsp;Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg ,&nbsp;Marina Martínez de Pinillos ,&nbsp;Mario Modesto-Mata ,&nbsp;Arthur Thiebaut ,&nbsp;Raquel Hernando ,&nbsp;Joel D. Irish ,&nbsp;Franck Guy ,&nbsp;Jean-Renaud Boisserie ,&nbsp;Leslea J. Hlusko","doi":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2025.103703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhevol.2025.103703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores a particular form of enamel pitting originally identified in <em>Paranthropus robustus</em>. We call this uniform, circular, and shallow (UCS) pitting to distinguish it from more irregular and nonuniform defects often associated with enamel hypoplasia. We pose the hypothesis that UCS pitting is unique to the genus <em>Paranthropus</em>. We test this by investigating hominin dental remains from the ca. 3.4 Ma to ca. 1.1 Ma fossiliferous sequence at Omo, Ethiopia (<em>n</em> = 76) to look for evidence of UCS pitting in an assemblage that includes at least three hominin genera (<em>Australopithecus</em>, <em>Paranthropus</em>, and <em>Homo</em>). We also examine the correlation between UCS pitting, tooth size, enamel thickness, and cusp proportions in samples from both eastern Africa (Omo) and southern Africa (Drimolen Main Quarry ∼2.04–1.95 Ma, Swartkrans ∼1.9–1.4 Ma, and Kromdraai ∼1.95–1.78 Ma). In the Omo specimens, we found UCS pitting similar to that seen in <em>P. robustus</em>. While we observed this pitting on five of 24 permanent teeth and two deciduous molars from both <em>Paranthropus aethiopicus</em> and <em>Paranthropus boisei</em>, we also identified UCS pitting on five of 13 non-<em>Paranthropus</em> hominin permanent posterior teeth from Member B (∼3.0 Ma). Our correlation studies yielded no association between the presence of UCS pitting and variation in tooth size, enamel thickness, or cusp proportions. The consistent appearance and characteristics of UCS pitting suggest a shared etiology. Our findings also suggest that UCS pitting may result from a genetic effect related to enamel formation, potentially in association with specific environmental or dietary factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54805,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Evolution","volume":"204 ","pages":"Article 103703"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"People-centered cooling: protecting health against hazardous heat, from the person to the planet.","authors":"Gerardo Sanchez Martinez, Clara Camarasa, Ongun Berk Kazanci","doi":"10.1007/s00484-025-02952-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-025-02952-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The climate change-driven increase in heat wave frequency, intensity and duration, along with megatrends of urbanization and population ageing are worsening the global heat and health crisis. The speed and scale of implementation of public health and adaptation activities is insufficient and inequitable, and the deployment of solutions is uncoordinated and not systematic. We propose a \"people centered\" cooling framework to protect the person wherever they may be. It is structured around protection layers spanning the individual, room or dwelling, building, urban level and regional to global levels. In each level, key actors can systematically explore the most suitable combinations of interventions and technologies based on the evidence on their health protection potential, equity and applicability, environmental impact, resource and energy implications, costs and cultural acceptability, as well as co-benefits for other levels. Across levels, different actors and stakeholders hold varying degrees of agency, competency and power to enact and implement strategies, though at all levels the support, facilitation and enabling power of all levels of government is crucial for heat exposure protection to be effective and sustainable.</p>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of geomembrane texturing method on geomembrane-dry GCL interface shear behavior","authors":"Juan Hou ,&nbsp;Xuelei Xie ,&nbsp;Craig H. Benson","doi":"10.1016/j.geotexmem.2025.05.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geotexmem.2025.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effect of geomembrane texturing method on interface shear behavior between textured geomembranes (GM) and the nonwoven side of a dry geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) was evaluated using large-scale direct shear tests conducted using geomembranes with four different types of texturing and a range of asperity heights: impinged texturing (GMTI), coextruded texturing (GMTC), low asperity embossed texturing (GMTE_L), and high asperity embossed texturing (GMTE_H). The GCL contained granular bentonite between woven and nonwoven geotextiles bonded by needlepunching. Tests were conducted on the dry GCL to isolate GM-GCL interface behavior from other factors. All interfaces exhibited similar strain-softening shear behavior. Type of texturing had a strong influence on GM-GCL interface behavior. Comparable shear-displacement curves involving direct surface engagement between the texturing asperities and geotextile fibers were obtained with GMTI and GMTC. GMTI texturing delaminated during shear, reducing geotextile combing compared to GMTC. The GMTE_L engaged the geotextile on the GCL via tip penetration and surface friction, as evinced by striations on the GCL surface, resulting in the lowest interface strengths of the textured GMs. GMTE_H engaged deep into the interior of the GCL, resulting in dilation, tearing of the geotextile, furrows in the bentonite, and the highest interface strength of those tested.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55096,"journal":{"name":"Geotextiles and Geomembranes","volume":"53 6","pages":"Pages 1185-1199"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial scale dependence of fault physical parameters and its implications for the analysis of earthquake dynamics from the lab to fault systems","authors":"Davide Zaccagnino ,&nbsp;Oscar Bruno ,&nbsp;Carlo Doglioni","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An accurate assessment of seismic hazard requires a combination of earthquake physics and statistical analysis. Because of the limitations in the investigation of the seismogenic sources and of the short temporal intervals covered by earthquake catalogs, laboratory experiments have played a crucial role in improving our understanding of earthquake phenomena. However, differences exist between acoustic emissions in the lab, events in small, regulated systems (e.g., mines) and natural seismicity. One of the most pressing issues concerns the role of mechanical parameters and how they affect seismic activity across boundary conditions and spatial-temporal scales. Here, we focus on fault friction. There is evidence inferred from geodesy, computational simulations and seismological investigations that most large faults are weak and characterized by very low static friction coefficients which are inconsistent with those of smaller faults and laboratory experiments. We support the hypothesis that static friction decreases with fault size due to the presence of fabrics, roughness, structural asperities and network geometry. We also model its scaling behavior as dependent on a few physical properties (e.g., fault fractal dimension). Conversely, dynamic coefficients are not affected by the spatial scale. Mathematical derivations are based on the hypothesis that earthquake onset results from fracture instability controlled by the extremes of fault shear strength. We validate this using a simple model for earthquake occurrence rooted in fracture mechanics, which reproduces key features of major seismicity (i.e., interevent time distribution, clustering and frequency-size relationship).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"666 ","pages":"Article 119481"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}