地球科学最新文献

{"title":"Penetrating Electric Field With/Without Disturbed Electric Fields During the 7–8 July 2022 Geomagnetic Storm Simulated by MAGE and Observed by ICON MIGHTI","authors":"Qian Wu,&nbsp;Dong Lin,&nbsp;Wenbin Wang,&nbsp;Kevin Pham,&nbsp;Liying Qian,&nbsp;Haonan Wu,&nbsp;Thomas J. Immel,&nbsp;Erdal Yigit","doi":"10.1029/2024JA033240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033240","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Penetrating and disturbed electric fields develop during geomagnetic storms and are effective in driving remarkable changes in the nightside low latitude ionosphere over varying time periods. While the former arrive nearly instantaneously with the changes in the solar wind electric field, the latter take more time, requiring auroral heating to modify upper atmospheric winds globally, leading to changes in the thermospheric wind dynamo away from the auroral zones. Such changes always differ from the quiet time state where the winds are usually patterned after daytime solar heating. We use the Multiscale Atmosphere-Geospace Environment model (MAGE) and observations from the NASA Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) mission to investigate both during the 7–8 July 2022 geomagnetic storm event. The model was able to simulate the penetrating and disturbed electric fields. The simulations showed enhanced westward winds and the wind dynamo induced upward ion drift confirmed by the ICON zonal wind and ion drift observations. The simulated zonal wind variations are slightly later in arrival at the low latitudes. We also see the penetrating electric field opposes or cancels the disturbed electric field in the MAGE simulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Continuous Water Diversions by the South-To-North Water Diversion Project on Increased Precipitation and Decreased Temperature in Water-Receiving Areas","authors":"Haodong Deng,&nbsp;Qingming Wang,&nbsp;Yong Zhao,&nbsp;Yongnan Zhu,&nbsp;Shan Jiang,&nbsp;Jiaqi Zhai,&nbsp;Yunpeng Gui,&nbsp;Xiaoxue Chen,&nbsp;Lichuan Wang,&nbsp;Kuan Liu","doi":"10.1029/2024GL113549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113549","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate impacts of the South-to-North water diversion project in China on water-receiving areas (WRA) is simulated by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The results show that during the 2015–2022 water diversion period, the WRA experiences increased precipitation and decreased temperature. Annual precipitation increased by 2.8 mm, mainly dominated by non-convective precipitation (1.92 mm). Although the upwind region receives more water, the increase in water vapor flux is more dramatic in the downwind region due to the spring northwest monsoon; The decreased temperature effect is most pronounced in spring (over 0.15°C), and over 10 mm of evaporation increase in the downwind region. The sensible heat flux decrease is less pronounced than the latent heat flux increase, mainly because of the insulating effect, which prevented evaporative cooling reduction. This study advances our understanding of the mechanisms by which large-scale water diversion affects WRA climates.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL113549","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling Lake Bonneville Paleoshoreline Erosion at Mars-Like Rates and Durations: Implications for the Preservation of Erosional Martian Shorelines and Viability as Evidence for a Martian Ocean","authors":"Zachary J. Baran,&nbsp;Benjamin T. Cardenas","doi":"10.1029/2024JE008851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JE008851","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mars may have had an ancient ocean filling its northern lowlands until around 3.5 billion years ago. The existence or lack of such a large body of water would have important implications on the ancient martian climate, landscapes, and habitability. One proposed piece of evidence is preserved paleoshorelines on the martian surface along the dichotomy boundary. Paleoshorelines on Earth are often recognized as subtle breaks in slopes that are laterally persistent and at consistent elevations. Is it probable, or even possible, that paleoshoreline topography on Mars might persist for 3.5 billion years, even at the slow erosion rates estimated for the martian surface? Here, we use topographic data showing well-preserved Earth-analog erosional paleoshorelines from Lake Bonneville in modern day Utah and numerically model their erosion at Mars-like rates for 3.5 billion years. Depending on the chosen diffusivity value and scale of the terrain used in each experiment, identifiable paleoshoreline features may or may not persist after the modeled erosion; higher diffusivities and smaller scales favor paleoshoreline erosion and smaller diffusivities and larger scales favoring paleoshoreline preservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":16101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JE008851","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional geological modelling and long-term stability analysis of high-steep dangerous rock masses based on multisource data integration","authors":"Panpan Qin,&nbsp;Bolin Huang,&nbsp;Kaikai Xu,&nbsp;Xingchen Dong,&nbsp;Zhen Qin,&nbsp;Linfeng Bai","doi":"10.1002/esp.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extensive high, steep and perilous rocky slopes are present on both sides of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, with numerous such slopes interspersed. The rock mass structure of this type of dangerous rock slope is complex, strongly affecting the stability of the rock masses in this region. Hence, it is necessary to establish a detailed 3D geological model in combination with the internal structural characteristics of the rock mass. Taking the Jianchuandong 3# dangerous rock mass (JDRM 3#) in the Three Gorges Reservoir area as an example, this study integrated UAV photogrammetry technology and 3D laser scanning technology to establish models of the surface of the dangerous rock mass, internal dissolution cavities and random fissures. A 3D geological model of JDRM 3# was constructed by integrating these models. Based on the constructed model, the evolution process of the deformation of JDRM 3# under the influence of long-term water-level fluctuation was simulated. The simulation results showed that long-term water-level fluctuation can lead to a deterioration in the strength of the base of the rock mass, with deformation and failure of the dangerous rock mass initially occurring around the internal dissolution cavities. A change in the internal structure of the rock mass played a vital role in the failure process of JDRM 3#, which aggravated the eccentric compression state of the base of the rock mass. It will eventually lead to a collapse failure of JDRM 3#. When the compressive strength of the base of the rock mass decreased by approximately 70.3%, the factor of safety (FOS) for JDRM 3# was &lt;1. By combining different geological investigation methods to establish a 3D geological model and using it for numerical calculations, this study provides a novel method to assess the stability of high-steep bank slopes in reservoir areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From path creation to path transformation: the geography of new energy vehicle production in China","authors":"Junhao Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiyan Mao ,&nbsp;Ruixuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuchen Li ,&nbsp;Quan Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry is providing new impetus for China's regional development, a deeper understanding of its conditions and processes remains imperative. This study extends path creation theory from evolutionary economic geography to explore the enabling environment for both path creation and subsequent path development. Challenging the conventional thinking that view the emergence industry as a new path, this study posits that the NEV sector's development is shaped by the dynamic interplay of multiple paths, including the headquarter, three-power, and vehicle assembly path. The inter-path interactions drive the industry transform through different development phases. Accordingly, this study proposes a framework comprising three-phase path transformation (selection, competition, and integration) and five-component enabling environment (strategic resources, industrial base, innovation environment, market competition, and institutional support). Empirical results, based on the Lotka-Volterra model and fixed effects models, show that: (1) enabling environment for path transformation varies across paths and phases; (2) while industrial base initiate path selection, its influence diminishes in later transformation phases; (3) vehicle assembly path exhibits dual technology-push and market-pull characteristics, while three-power path is policy-driven and subject to strategic resources. This finding suggests challenges for endogenous path development, as subsidies are phased out from 2023 onwards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 103614"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Resolution Geospatial Database: National Criteria-Air-Pollutant Concentrations in the Contiguous U.S., 2016–2020","authors":"Tianjun Lu,&nbsp;Sun-Young Kim,&nbsp;Julian D. Marshall","doi":"10.1002/gdj3.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gdj3.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Concentration estimates for ambient air pollution are used widely in fields such as environmental epidemiology, health impact assessment, urban planning, environmental equity and sustainability. This study builds on previous efforts by developing an updated high-resolution geospatial database of population-weighted annual-average concentrations for six criteria air pollutants (PM_2.5, PM₁₀, CO, NO₂, SO₂, O₃) across the contiguous U.S. during a five-year period (2016–2020). We developed Land Use Regression (LUR) models within a partial-least-squares–universal kriging framework by incorporating several land use, geospatial and satellite–based predictor variables. The LUR models were validated using conventional and clustered cross-validation, with the former consistently showing superior performance in capturing the variability of air quality. Most models demonstrated reliable performance (e.g., mean squared error—based <i>R</i>² &gt; 0.8, standardised root mean squared error &lt; 0.1). We used the best modelling approach to develop estimates by Census Block, which were then population-weighted averaged at Census Block Group, Census Tract and County geographies. Our database provides valuable insights into the dynamics of air pollution, with utility for environmental risk assessment, public health, policy and urban planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":54351,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience Data Journal","volume":"12 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gdj3.70005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing aquifer vulnerability to seawater intrusion and impact of land use changes using GALDIT model in the southwest coastal region of Bangladesh","authors":"Mohidar Hossain ,&nbsp;Abu Jafor Mia ,&nbsp;Md Jakir Hossain ,&nbsp;Rina Akter ,&nbsp;Dhiman Kumer Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.sesci.2025.100240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sesci.2025.100240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater, the main drinking water source for coastal populations, is increasingly threatened by seawater intrusion in southwestern coastal districts of Bangladesh due to low elevation, sea proximity, cyclones, rising sea levels, coastal flooding and excessive shrimp farming. The aim of this study is to assess groundwater vulnerability in Bangladesh's southwestern coastal districts and evaluate the impact of land use changes on seawater intrusion. This study used the GALDIT method to map the vulnerability of southwest coastal aquifers to seawater intrusion, classifying the area into low (0.5 %), moderate (58.66 %), and high (40.84 %) vulnerability zones. The GALDIT vulnerability map shows that Shyamnagar, Kaliganj, and Satkhira Sadar in Satkhira district are highly vulnerable to seawater intrusion, while the other areas are moderately vulnerable. In Khulna district, most of the Upazilas are moderately vulnerable. In Bagerhat district, most of the Upazilas are classified as moderately vulnerable, while Sarankhola, Mongla and Morrelganj are identified as highly vulnerable. The most extensive irrigation development was observed in Satkhira district, particularly in Satkhira Sadar, Kolaroa, Assasuni, and Tala upazilas, classified as moderately vulnerable. The Dumuria upazila of Khulna district is highly vulnerable due to overexploitation of water for irrigation purposes. In Bagerhat district, where irrigation has recently expanded in Fakirhat and Mollahat, both are in the intermediate susceptibility zone. The LULC analysis shows a decline in agricultural and vegetative areas, alongside a rise in built-up regions and shrimp farming, primarily indicating the increasing of salinity levels in the study area. The dominance of brackish water shrimp farming across the study area suggests shallow groundwater aquifers may be at risk of seawater intrusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":54172,"journal":{"name":"Solid Earth Sciences","volume":"10 2","pages":"Article 100240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized J2 Recovery for Multi-Decadal Geophysical Studies","authors":"B. D. Loomis,&nbsp;T. J. Sabaka,&nbsp;K. E. Rachlin,&nbsp;M. J. Croteau,&nbsp;F. G. Lemoine,&nbsp;R. S. Nerem,&nbsp;A. Bellas-Manley","doi":"10.1029/2024GL114472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL114472","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The time history of the Earth's dynamic oblateness, or <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>J</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${J}_{2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, is a unique climate data record, with its estimation from satellite laser ranging (SLR) tracking data beginning in 1976. Due to its impact on variations in length of day (LOD), the long-term <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>J</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${J}_{2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> time series is frequently applied to LOD studies and their contributions, which include tidal friction, glacial isostatic adjustment, ice melt, sea level change, and the angular momentum exchange between the fluid outer core and the mantle. Previous studies demonstrated that the accurate recovery of <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>J</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${J}_{2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> requires the use of time variable gravity models from GRACE when processing the SLR tracking data. However, no reliable models exist prior to GRACE's 2002 launch, calling into to question the accuracy and utility of the pre-GRACE estimates. Here we present a new approach to accurately recover <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>J</mi>\u0000 <mn>2</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${J}_{2}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> without gravity modeling, resulting in the first fully consistent long-term solution for climate studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL114472","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation on conglomerates","authors":"Lingxiao Yan","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02322-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41558-025-02322-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"15 4","pages":"351-351"},"PeriodicalIF":29.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data under duress","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02323-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41558-025-02323-z","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change and climate action are socially and politically divisive topics in many countries. In addition to contributing to political disparity, climate research is also affected by political context, with consequences not only for scientists but for society as well.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"15 4","pages":"337-337"},"PeriodicalIF":29.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-025-02323-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}