地球科学最新文献

{"title":"Increasing Accumulated Temperature Pushed the Maize Planting Limit Northwards: Phenomenon Analysis and Coping Strategy","authors":"Yihang Huang,&nbsp;Zhengjia Liu","doi":"10.1029/2025EF005937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025EF005937","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate warming is driving the northward movement of crop planting limits, especially for maize in Northeast China. While previous studies focused on dynamics of the potential northern limit of maize (PNLine), the movement of the actual northern limit of maize (ANLine) and its agricultural impacts remain underexplored. To bridge the gap, this study first developed a method to detect the ANLine using satellite-derived crop data and kernel density estimation. To assess the driving factors behind the expansion of maize acreage, an empirical analysis was conducted in the maize-soybean key competitive region (KCR). Finally, we calculated the climate-warming driven maize acreage expansion over the past two decades and projected its changes for the next decade. Results showed that the PNLine and ANLine moved northwards by an average of 101.67 and 75.4 km from 2000 to 2020. The two lines showed a strong correlation (<i>r</i> = 0.78, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The increasing accumulated temperature was the key driver behind these movements. A 10°C·d increase in AAT10 is associated with a 3.12% increase in maize acreage in the KCR. From 2001 to 2020, ∼49.5% (2.83 × 10⁶ ha) of the maize acreage expansion could be attributable to climate warming. By 2030, climate warming is projected to expand the maize acreage by 2.43, 2.66, and 3.19 × 10⁶ ha under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 scenarios. These findings highlight the need for strategies to narrow the profit gap between maize and soybean, offering insights for regional crop planting structure adjustments and agricultural sustainability under climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":48748,"journal":{"name":"Earths Future","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025EF005937","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hf-Nd-Sr Isotopic Constraints on the Sources of Pelagic Clays and Silicate Residues of Ferromanganese Crusts in the Central Indian Basin","authors":"N. P. Sukumaran,&nbsp;G. Parthiban,&nbsp;V. K. Banakar,&nbsp;B. Nagender Nath","doi":"10.1029/2025JC022607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JC022607","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The sources of pelagic clays and the silicate residues of ferromanganese (Fe-Mn) crusts from the Central Indian Basin remain unclear. Here, we present combined Hf-Nd-Sr isotopic compositions for a suite of clays and silicate residues of Fe-Mn crusts from the Afanasiy-Nikitin Seamount (ANS) to constrain their sources and the process influencing their variability. Our results show large and systematic variations with a range of 0.70788–0.73051 for ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, from −15.68 to −7.55 for εNd, and from −3.9 to 6.72 for εHf. Detrital clays are characterized by radiogenic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, unradiogenic εNd, and εHf. Siliceous clays have less radiogenic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, radiogenic εNd, and εHf. The silicate residues of ANS Fe-Mn crusts have unradiogenic ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr, radiogenic εNd, and highly radiogenic εHf. Despite variable lithologies and depositional environments, all data display highly correlating trends in Nd-Sr and Nd-Hf space suggesting mixing of two common enriched and depleted end-members. Mixing relationships in Nd-Sr space define the sources as the Himalayas and the Indonesian Volcanic Arc (IVA). In the Nd-Hf space, the highly radiogenic Hf isotopic compositions of our sedimentary archives resolve the IVA source, but not the Himalayas that are plagued by zircon effects. Calculated ∆εHf clay ranges from 2.3 to 8.53 suggesting an unlikely presence of zircons in these sedimentary archives. Our results demonstrate that the clays and the silicate residues of ANS Fe-Mn crusts primarily originate from the Himalayas and the IVA, with the Himalayas supplying 47%–98% of the detrital clays and the IVA contributing 46%–62% to the siliceous clays and silicate residues of crusts.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kilometer-scale hook-shaped Type2/Type3 folds due to refolding and transpressional strike-slip reversal in the Egyptian Nubian Shield, east African orogenic belt","authors":"Mohamed A. Abd El‑Wahed ,&nbsp;Ahmed M. Eldosouky ,&nbsp;Osama M.K. Kassem ,&nbsp;Ahmed Abdelhady Abo-Rayan ,&nbsp;Mohamed Attia","doi":"10.1016/j.precamres.2025.107912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.precamres.2025.107912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study combines remote sensing, aeromagnetic data, and field investigations to provide the initial identification of hook-shaped Type 2/Type 3 folds within the Egyptian Nubian Shield. The Western Allaqi shear belt (WASB) exhibits remarkable refolded structures that are distinctly observable from space. This belt primarily comprises ophiolite slices, metavolcanics, and volcanoclastic metasediments, which have been intruded by syn- (729–635 Ma) and post-tectonic granites (610–543 Ma). The WASB region experienced significant compression during the N-S shortening (830–720 Ma), leading to the formation of east–west oriented folds and foliation and N-dipping thrust imbrications. The interference patterns of the folds predominantly display Type 2 and Type 3 refolds characterized by wavelengths on the order of kilometers. The geological observation reveals a complex history of deformation, with refolded folds linked to dextral shear zones, ductile and brittle fabrics, and opposing movement directions. The fold interference structures were formed through the reactivation of NW-trending sinistral strike-slip shear zones, combined with shear-related folding of the initial F₁ folds, and NE-SE compression (625–565 Ma). The subsequent development of NW-trending Haseierbah folds (F₂) was accompanied by a shift in stress orientation from NE-SW to E-W (620–580), resulting in a reversal of shear sense and the reactivation of NW-trending shear zones into dextral strike-slip shear zones, which in turn formed the N-trending El-Quleib fold (F₃) and the NE-trending Haimur and Shilman folds (F₄). This reversal in shear sense contributes to the formation of Type 2 and Type 3 fold interference patterns and the distinctive hook-shaped fold structures observed within the WASB. This study provides a detailed description of refolding and transpressional strike-slip reversal in the WASB, highlighting the innovative tectonic evolution and urging a reassessment of the entire Allaqi-Heinai suture and the major shear zones in the Egyptian Nubian Shield.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":49674,"journal":{"name":"Precambrian Research","volume":"429 ","pages":"Article 107912"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WITHDRAWAL: Provenance Study of Marble Artifacts From the Berenike (Egypt) Archaeological Site Based on Petrographic and Isotopic Data","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/gea.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>WITHDRAWAL: M. J. Bojanowski, S. Mandera, I. Zych, “Provenance Study of Marble Artifacts From the Berenike (Egypt) Archaeological Site Based on Petrographic and Isotopic Data,” <i>Geoarchaeology: An International Journal</i> 39, 6 (2024): 576–593, https://doi.org/10.1002/gea.22015.</p><p>The above article, published on 15th June 2024, on Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been withdrawn, at the request of the authors, Maciej J. Bojanowski, Sara Mandera, Iwona Zych, and by agreement between the authors, the Editors-in-Chief, Sarah C. Sherwood, and Lisa-Marie Shillito, and Wiley Periodicals LLC. The authors asked for the article to be withdrawn as the artefacts discussed in the article had been used without the authorisation of the Egyptian authorities. Iwona Zych takes responsibility for this mistake.</p>","PeriodicalId":55117,"journal":{"name":"Geoarchaeology-An International Journal","volume":"40 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gea.70028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival strategy selection and adaptation in the Northern Loess Plateau during the Longshan period: Insights from arable land reconstruction","authors":"Xinyuan Kong ,&nbsp;Jianxin Cui ,&nbsp;Ruimin Su ,&nbsp;Xin Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stable food resources constitute the material foundation for the long-term sustainability of large prehistoric settlements (cities). Building on this premise, this study employs a arable land reconstruction model, integrating paleoclimate, zooarchaeological and archaeobotanical evidence, to comprehensively analyze food procurement strategies at Shimao—a central settlement during the Longshan (LS) period in the Northern Loess Plateau (NLP). Herein, our research revealed that the arable land resources surrounding Shimao were insufficient to meet its internal demands, suggesting potential intra-regional mobilization of food resources, with the nearest sources likely located in the lower reaches of the Tuwei River. Furthermore, in the sandy-grassland area of the northwestern study region, where ecological conditions were relatively harsh, ancient inhabitants enhanced their environmental adaptability through broomcorn millet (<em>Panicum miliaceum</em>) cultivation and intensified utilization of cattle and sheep.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 106365"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145003801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the effects of urban elements on traffic access in flooding at the neighbourhood scale","authors":"Meimei Wu, Yushan Xin, Wei Ge, Zening Wu, Huiliang Wang, Shanyu Mei, Mengjie Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.134207","url":null,"abstract":"Traffic congestion caused by urban flooding poses a notable threat to public safety and property and the factors influencing traffic flow exhibit pronounced spatial heterogeneity. At the neighbourhood scale, the complexity of layout and diversity of infrastructure result in distinct challenges. Investigating the impact of urban elements on traffic flow at the neighbourhood scale is a key issue in urban flood management. We adopted a neighbourhood-level perspective, based on the composition of urban elements, to analyse the natural environmental, structural, and social element indicators associated with traffic conditions under the influence of urban flooding disasters. Leveraging the advantages of the hierarchical Bayesian network (HBN) model in quantifying uncertainty relationships, we analysed indicator sensitivity to determine the impact of urban elements on traffic conditions during peak and off-peak periods at different floodwater depths at the neighbourhood scale. The results were validated using Zhengzhou City, China, as an example, and they indicated that at the neighbourhood scale, the social elements of regional population density (PD) and regional per capita GDP (GDP pc) had the highest impact on traffic conditions during urban flooding at different travel times and flood depths, with values of 0.34 and 0.25, respectively; structural elements had a relatively lower impact on traffic conditions during urban flooding. Among them, the proportion of commercial land (CLP) and the proportion of road area (RAP) had the highest impact on traffic conditions during urban flooding disasters under different travel times and flood depths, with values of 0.043 and 0.057, respectively; all indicators had a higher impact on traffic conditions during urban flooding disasters during peak periods than that during off-peak periods.","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145009301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plume-related diamond formation in reworked Archaean mantle: Sm–Nd age constraints from Voorspoed peridotitic and eclogitic diamonds (Kaapvaal Craton)","authors":"Karen V. Smit,&nbsp;Michael U. Gress,&nbsp;Gareth R. Davies,&nbsp;Janne M. Koornneef,&nbsp;Ingrid L. Chinn","doi":"10.1007/s00410-025-02258-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00410-025-02258-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Here we study silicate inclusion-bearing diamonds from the Voorspoed Group II kimberlite (or carbonate-rich olivine lamproite—CROL) in the central Kaapvaal Craton. Based on major and trace elements, along with Sm–Nd isotope characteristics, the <b><i>peridotitic</i></b> garnet and clinopyroxene inclusions define three compositional groups that are contemporaneous with lithospheric refertilisation and re-healing related to 2.79–2.68 Ga Ventersdorp-related plume magmatism across the central Kaapvaal craton. Three harzburgitic (G10) inclusions define an isochron of 2877 ± 249 Ma, with a low initial ε_Nd =  − 15 ± 10 that overlaps the oldest Kaapvaal enriched components as represented by crust in the 3.66–3.22 Ga Ancient Gneiss Complex. This finding suggests that harzburgitic diamond formation occurred in the oldest &gt; 3.2 Ga Kaapvaal lithospheric mantle. Five lherzolitic (G9) garnet and 11 Cr-diopside inclusions with La_N &gt; 1 (where N refers to chondrite normalisation) and low ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd (0.11–0.41), define a 2606 ± 95 Ma Sm–Nd isochron with an initial ε_Nd =  − 6.9 ± 5.4 that is consistent with diamond formation in enriched &gt; 3.0 Ga lithospheric mantle. Four lherzolitic (G9) garnet and five Cr-diopside inclusions with La_N &lt; 1 and higher ¹⁴⁷Sm/¹⁴⁴Nd (0.45–1.51), define a 2560 ± 51 Ma Sm–Nd isochron with an initial ε_Nd = 9.8 ± 7.8. This initial ratio overlaps with depleted mantle indicating rapid re-healing of the lithospheric mantle after 2.79–2.68 Ga Ventersdorp-related plume magmatism. Sixteen <b><i>eclogitic</i></b> inclusions (10 garnets and six omphacites) define an isochron of 2196 ± 61 Ma, with initial ε_Nd =  − 9.3 ± 3.9. Growth of Voorspoed eclogitic diamonds is interpreted to be related to magmatism and failed rifting at the time of the 2.25–2.23 Ga Hekpoort LIP and associated magmatism across the Transvaal Basin. Low-pressure protoliths for the eclogite host rocks are supported by the presence of omphacite that is not stable as a high-pressure liquidus phase, along with Eu anomalies in the majority of eclogitic inclusions. The likely host rocks for eclogitic diamond formation are subduction-related eclogites in the lithospheric mantle that may be similar to those sampled nearby at Lace. The Voorspoed peridotitic and eclogitic diamonds document multiple episodes of melt infiltration and modification of older lithospheric mantle, and have allowed us to place diamond formation and preservation in the context of the long history of plume impingement on the Kaapvaal lithospheric mantle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":526,"journal":{"name":"Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology","volume":"180 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00410-025-02258-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Fate of the Oceanic Slab During Subducting Beneath the Cratonic Lithosphere: Implications for the Subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate Beneath East Asia","authors":"Yongming Wang,&nbsp;Peng Chen,&nbsp;Jinshui Huang,&nbsp;Yang Li","doi":"10.1029/2025JB031183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JB031183","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The subduction of the Western Pacific plate has been proposed to play a crucial role in the reactivation and destruction of the North China Craton (NCC). However, how the Paleo-Pacific plate subduction affects the lithospheric evolution of the NCC remains unclear. Here, we perform 2-D numerical simulations to study the slab dynamics of an oceanic-continental subduction system. We find that the evolution of the subducted slabs is primarily controlled by the intrinsic density and compositional viscosity contrasts between the overriding lithosphere and the normal mantle, as well as the negative Clapeyron slope of the 660-km phase change, which impedes slab subduction. Generally, a higher density contrast or a larger Clapeyron slope facilitates the flattening and stagnation of the subducted slab. With moderate Clapeyron slopes (e.g., −2.0–−1.0 MPa/K), the subducted slabs are temporally stagnant at the transition zone depth for intermediate density contrast (e.g., −50 kg/m³) or move beneath the overriding lithosphere as a flat-subduction mode for large density contrast (e.g., −75 kg/m³). For smaller density contrasts (e.g., −25 kg/m³), the subducted slabs always directly pass through the 660-km depth into the lower mantle regardless of the Clapeyron slope. Moreover, an increased strength of the overriding lithosphere efficiently promotes the penetration of the subducted slabs into the lower mantle. Our numerical results suggest that the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate beneath Eastern Asia is more likely to be in a short-lived stagnation or flat-subduction style rather than in a long-lived stagnation style.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping Spatiotemporal Variations of Near-Surface Seismic Velocity to Monitor Groundwater in Central Oklahoma","authors":"Shuo Zhang,&nbsp;Bingxu Luo,&nbsp;Yujie Zheng,&nbsp;David Lumley,&nbsp;Mrinal K. Sen,&nbsp;Hejun Zhu","doi":"10.1029/2025GL115201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115201","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Global climate changes have intensified drought events, necessitating accurate groundwater monitoring. Traditional methods often lack the spatial and temporal resolution to track groundwater variations. This study calculates instantaneous travel-time shifts, <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>d</mi>\u0000 <mi>t</mi>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>(</mo>\u0000 <mi>t</mi>\u0000 <mo>)</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $dt(t)$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, from ambient noise cross-correlation functions in central Oklahoma and projects them onto 2-D near-surface seismic velocity maps <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>(</mo>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>d</mi>\u0000 <mi>v</mi>\u0000 <mo>/</mo>\u0000 <mi>v</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mo>)</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $(dv/v)$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> by using sensitivity kernels of coda-wave interferometry. The lateral variations in these <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>d</mi>\u0000 <mi>v</mi>\u0000 <mo>/</mo>\u0000 <mi>v</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $dv/v$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> maps align with major bedrock aquifers in Oklahoma, revealing correlations between near-surface seismic velocity, surface deformation, and gravity field, highlighting the role of water storage across time and space. The maps suggest that near-surface seismic velocity responds are sensitive to groundwater dynamics, including discharge, recharge, and lateral flow. The confined and unconfined aquifers in Oklahoma, with diverse depth ranges and adaptive capacities, are characterized by distinct spatiotemporal patterns in our <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>d</mi>\u0000 <mi>v</mi>\u0000 <mo>/</mo>\u0000 <mi>v</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $dv/v$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> maps. This study demonstrates the potential of ambient seismic noise to improve spatial and temporal resolution in groundwater monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL115201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Spatial Relationship Between the Aurora and Relativistic Electron Precipitation During a Storm-Time Substorm","authors":"M. Shumko,&nbsp;A. Artemyev,&nbsp;S. Raptis,&nbsp;Y. Zou,&nbsp;D. L. Turner,&nbsp;A. Y. Ukhorskiy,&nbsp;C. Gabrielse,&nbsp;G. K. Stephens,&nbsp;I. J. Cohen,&nbsp;C. Wilkins,&nbsp;E. Tsai,&nbsp;S. Ohtani,&nbsp;B. Gallardo-Lacourt,&nbsp;K. Sorathia,&nbsp;V. Sergeev,&nbsp;J. W. Gjerloev,&nbsp;E. Donovan,&nbsp;E. Spanswick,&nbsp;V. Angelopoulos,&nbsp;A. N. Jaynes","doi":"10.1029/2025GL116477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL116477","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During substorms, Earth's magnetotail undergoes rapid dipolarization, driving Earthward plasma flows that decelerate and dissipate energy upon encountering the dipole magnetic field in the nightside transition region. This region mediates the interaction between the magnetotail, inner magnetosphere, and the ionospheric auroral zone, though significant mapping uncertainties obscure the precise link and particle acceleration processes. Using data from THEMIS, TREx, and ELFIN, we analyze a storm-time substorm on 4 September 2022, establishing a relationship, that is, not a causation, between magnetospheric and ionospheric dynamics. Following a dipolarization, the auroral bulge overlapped with the footprints of the electron isotropy boundary (IB) and the outer radiation belt. Notably, the precipitating electron energies reached at least 2 MeV in the bulge, exceeding previous reports. By comparing the latitudes of the electron IB with respect to the auroral bulge, we deduce that the sources of both auroral and relativistic precipitation were confined in the dipolarized region.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL116477","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}