地球科学最新文献

{"title":"Microbotanical analyses of dental calculus and caries occurrence at Neolithic Tepecik-Çiftlik, Türkiye: insights into diet and oral health","authors":"Carlos G. Santiago-Marrero,&nbsp;Ali Metin Büyükkarakaya,&nbsp;Ezgi Küçükel,&nbsp;Jaroslav Řídký","doi":"10.1007/s12520-024-02140-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-024-02140-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The transition to agriculture-based economies and sedentary lifeways during the Neolithic brought significant changes in oral health and diet. Despite the influence of physiological and cultural factors, the frequency of dental pathologies, such as caries and dental calculus, is a common consequence of carbohydrate-rich diets. Caries result from bacterial activity that transforms carbohydrates into lactic acid, leading to the demineralisation of tooth enamel. In contrast, dental calculus can trap and preserve biomolecules and microremains—such as phytoliths and starch grains—making it a valuable resource for investigating past diets and lifeways. Although microbotanical analyses of dental calculus and caries occurrence are common in archaeology, these methods are rarely applied together in the same case study. This paper presents the results of the analyses of microbotanical remains, such as phytoliths and starch grains, retrieved from dental calculus, as well as caries occurrence in 11 individuals from Tepecik-Çiftlik, a Neolithic settlement in southwestern Cappadocia, Turkey. Caries prevalence aligns with previous studies highlighting the poor oral health of the Neolithic Tepecik-Çiftlik community and suggests a high reliance on carbohydrate-rich diets. Microbotanical remains showed contrasting results, with phytoliths indicating the presence of cereals but an absence of starch grains of cereal origin. This lack of cereal starch grains could point towards the influence of culinary and foodway practices on the preservation and occurrence of microbotanical remains in dental calculus, variables often overlooked in the study of ancient diets. These findings contribute to our understanding of the lifeways and oral health of the Neolithic Tepecik-Çiftlik community while drawing attention to how foodways and culinary practices may influence or bias the archaeological record.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-024-02140-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142875289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributions of Tropical Cyclones and Internal Tides To Deep Near-Inertial Kinetic Energy Under Eddy Modulation","authors":"Zhixiang Zhang, Jing Gao, Jianing Wang, Fan Wang","doi":"10.1029/2024gl111330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl111330","url":null,"abstract":"Near-inertial waves (NIWs) are essential energy sources for deep diapycnal mixing. However, the mechanisms for generating deep and abyssal NIWs are largely unknown. Here, using 3 year full-depth mooring data at 130°E/15°N, we demonstrate that downward propagating tropical cyclone (TC)-induced NIWs and parametric subharmonic instability (PSI) can contribute to the intensification of near-inertial kinetic energy (NIKE) over 1,000–3,000 m. The deep warm core eddy (WCE) is found to facilitate the downward propagation of TC-induced NIWs with fast vertical group velocity and the intensified PSI efficiency that improves the energy transfer from diurnal internal tides (DITs) to NIWs at the site poleward of critical latitude for DITs. Quantitative regression analysis suggests that compared to the PSI, downward penetrating TC-induced NIWs contribute more to the deep NIKE. Our study emphasizes that accurately representing deep eddy activities and TC's wind intensity in numerical models is crucial to simulating the deep NIKE.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring Results of the SAOCOM-1 Constellation: A mission overview and summary of results","authors":"Matias Palomeque, Joaquin Ferreyra, Marc Thibeault","doi":"10.1109/mgrs.2024.3475228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mgrs.2024.3475228","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48660,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine","volume":"123 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142879868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bats show hibernation flexibility","authors":"Tegan Armarego-Marriott","doi":"10.1038/s41558-024-02227-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-02227-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Kseniia Kravchenko and Joanna Furmankiewicz, from the University of Wrocław, Poland, used continuous acoustic monitoring and temperature measurements inside and outside the roost of the common noctule bats (<i>Nyctalus noctula</i>) to understand winter activity patterns. They focused on a northern region that has only been used for hibernation in recent decades. The bats displayed circadian periodicity of nighttime activity and daytime rest, but only when temperatures were above 0 °C. Below 0 °C — temperatures that would see high costs of flight and low presence of food — the bats seemed to remain in deep torpor. This potential flexible adjustment to environmental conditions may explain the common noctule’s success in recent northward expansion.</p><p><b>Original reference:</b> <i>J. Therm. Biol</i>. <b>125</b>, 103999 (2024)</p>","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"281 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increase Asymmetric Warming Rates Between Daytime and Nighttime Temperatures Over Global Land During Recent Decades","authors":"Ge Liu, Yan Guo, Haoming Xia, Xingya Liu, Hongquan Song, Jia Yang, Yuqing Zhang","doi":"10.1029/2024gl112832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl112832","url":null,"abstract":"Diurnal asymmetric warming, a critical feature of climate change, significantly impacts water-carbon exchange in terrestrial ecosystems. This study analyzes the spatiotemporal characteristics and long-term trends of the global diurnal temperature range (DTR) from 1961 to 2022 using ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD). Our results reveal a trend reversal in global averaged DTR around 1988, shifting from a decrease to an increase, affecting 47% of global land areas. Subsequent to the reversal, the most pronounced increases were observed in temperate regions. Seasonal analysis shows earlier reversals in spring and summer, with accelerated change rates following the reversal. Additionally, increased surface solar radiation from reduced cloud cover caused daily maximum (<i>T</i>_max) temperatures to warm faster than the minimum (<i>T</i>_min), leading to a reversal and intensified DTR. These complex patterns underscore the need for targeted climate policies and adaptation strategies to tackle global warming.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142880145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hesitancy towards parenthood","authors":"Danyang Cheng","doi":"10.1038/s41558-024-02230-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-02230-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As climate change increasingly affects the environment, many people are becoming fearful for the future. Climate change considerations may influence fertility decisions and reduce individuals’ willingness to have children, as suggested by existing literature. However, there is a lack of nuanced studies that look into the driving factors and mechanisms behind climate–reproductive concerns.</p><p>Sabrina Helm from the University of Arizona and colleagues from New Zealand conducted an online survey to examine the factors influencing people who are hesitant to have children due to climate change. The study reveals that environmental values and worries are closely tied to a reluctance to have children, while general attitudes towards parenthood and demographic factors such as gender and age have minimal or no impact. Moreover, people hesitant to have children are often more proactive in reducing their carbon footprint and view their choice to remain child-free as part of a broader commitment to climate action. The study underscores the importance of psychological well-being and a positive outlook on the future in shaping fertility intentions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrients set limits","authors":"Alyssa Findlay","doi":"10.1038/s41558-024-02229-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-02229-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Makcim De Sisto and Andrew MacDougall from St. Francis Xavier University used an Earth system model (UVic ESCM) to estimate the impact of both nitrogen and phosphorus limitation on the remaining carbon budget. They find that nutrient limitation lowered terrestrial carbon uptake and thereby also the remaining carbon budget under all model simulations, with the greatest effects observed in model experiments that included both nitrogen and phosphorus limitation. The reduction in the carbon budget was up to 26%, indicating that nutrient limitation is a critical process that needs to be constrained in estimates of the remaining carbon budget.</p><p><b>Original reference:</b> <i>Biogeosciences</i> <b>21</b>, 4853–4873 (2024)</p>","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engaging young generations in climate research","authors":"Danyang Cheng","doi":"10.1038/s41558-024-02226-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-02226-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Children and youth are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. However, young generations can also play a crucial role in climate research, to produce scientific knowledge to mitigate and adapt to the climate crisis. Unlike senior scholars, who often have established and fixed knowledge systems, young people could bring fresh and innovative ideas to climate research. Furthermore, involving youth ensures a sustainable approach to tackling climate issues, as they will be the ones most affected in the long term.</p><p>While opportunities and programmes such as these aim to bolster their voice, ECRs are still constrained by a lack of funding support, limited access to grant opportunities, substandard laboratory facilities and equipment, and a lack of tenure security. Also, they are often perceived as inexperienced and face limited access to engage in the climate research field compared with senior researchers. For instance, only 6% of journal articles are reviewed by ECRs according to the report <i>Peer Review in 2015: A Global View</i> (https://go.nature.com/4ifeyZ7). It is also worth noting that ECRs often dedicate their unpaid ‘free time’ to enhance their future job prospects. As projects provide only temporary employment, the time invested is crucial for advancing their careers. Some ECRs may feel financial distress due to insufficient financial resources to support themselves. Their contributions and outputs should be fairly recognized and valued.</p>","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple approach to quantifying whole‐lake methane ebullition and sedimentary methane production, and its application to the Canadian Lake Pulse dataset","authors":"Jihyeon Kim, Shoji D. Thottathil, Yves T. Prairie","doi":"10.1002/lno.12767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12767","url":null,"abstract":"Aquatic sediments represent a key component for understanding CH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> dynamics and emission to the atmosphere. Once produced in the sediments, CH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> is released either by diffusion at the sediment–water interface or by bubbling out to the atmosphere when total gas pressure in the sediment exceeds local ambient pressure due to high CH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> production. Although bubbling is one of the dominant CH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> emission pathways in lakes, direct measurements of this flux are hampered by its high spatiotemporal variability and methodological limitations. Here, we develop a conceptual approach to quantify CH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> production in lake sediments and particularly its release as bubbles based on simple measurements of bubble gas content and depth. Its main assumptions were empirically tested using &gt; 200 long‐term bubble trap deployments collected from 4 temperate lakes. We then applied the developed methodology to a suite of 408 Canadian lakes to produce the first standardized large‐scale assessment of lakes CH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> ebullitive flux during summer. Our results show that lake sediments produced CH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> at a median rate of 3.3 mmol m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> d<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup> (ranged from 0.2 to 11.8 mmol m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup> d<jats:sup>−1</jats:sup>), releasing 33% via ebullition to the atmosphere. These rates are remarkably similar in magnitude to other regional estimates in the literature. Moreover, our approach revealed that catchment slope was an important determinant of both the lake‐wide ebullitive fluxes and the fraction of sediment CH<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> production released as bubbles.","PeriodicalId":18143,"journal":{"name":"Limnology and Oceanography","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How humans engineered possibilities of landscape: baskets and basketry materials in İnönü Cave","authors":"F. Gülden Ekmen,&nbsp;Hamza Ekmen,&nbsp;Alan Crivellaro,&nbsp;Barbaros Yaman","doi":"10.1007/s12520-024-02139-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-024-02139-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wood and bark are among the most significant raw materials prehistoric and early historical human communities used to produce tools and goods that shaped their daily life. Since special conditions are required to preserve objects made with these materials until today, we have limited information about how often or how this basic raw material was used. Here, we report evidence of how wood and bark were used in basket crafting and compare them with modern-day uses. On the northwestern coast of Türkiye, Zonguldak-Karadeniz Ereğli İnönü Cave has special conditions for the preservation of wood and other organic materials. In the Late Bronze Age Level III of the cave (1,436–1,123 Cal BC), baskets and evidence of basketry were found among water-filled puddles. These records are valuable for understanding how the environment surrounding archaeological sites was used by its settlers. Analyzes carried out to understand which types of trees in the environment are preferred for basket production highlighted European yew (<i>Taxus baccata</i> L.) and field maple (<i>Acer campestre</i> L.) species. Production techniques and species analyses of basket remains show the knowledge and level of specialization in basket production of the Late Bronze Age settlers of İnönü Cave.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142870406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}