地球科学最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Wind and Isopycnal Mixing on Southern Ocean Surface Buoyancy Flux and Antarctic Bottom Water Formation","authors":"Nicole K. Neumann,&nbsp;C Spencer Jones","doi":"10.1029/2024GL112133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL112133","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In coarse resolution ocean models, eddy diffusive effects are parameterized using an isopycnal mixing coefficient, which controls mixing strength along isopycnals. Recent high-resolution simulations show that increasing the wind stress over the Southern Ocean leads to increased local isopycnal mixing. In this work, we investigate how wind and isopycnal mixing affect surface temperature and salinity in the Southern Ocean and the buoyancy of waters near Antarctica. Using an idealized Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model basin-channel model, we vary both Southern Ocean wind stress and the isopycnal mixing coefficient independently. We find that when the wind and isopycnal mixing coefficient are small, a strong halocline in the far south prevents AABW formation. Increasing the wind stress and/or isopycnal mixing brings warmer, saltier water to the surface of the Southern Ocean, where it cools, becomes denser, and forms AABW. Increasing the isopycnal mixing coefficient also increases the latitudinal extent of the source waters for AABW formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL112133","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Cleaning Procedures on the Mg/Ca Ratio of Single-Specimen Planktic Foraminifera","authors":"P.-T. Lee,&nbsp;S. L. Ho,&nbsp;J. Groeneveld,&nbsp;M. Mohtadi,&nbsp;C.-C. Shen,&nbsp;C.-C. Su","doi":"10.1029/2024GC011975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GC011975","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Single-specimen analysis of planktic foraminiferal geochemistry has gained increasing popularity for its potential in reconstructing climate variability. However, the comparability between single-specimen and conventional multi-specimen Mg/Ca data remains unclear, which has raised questions concerning the suitability of multi-specimen Mg/Ca-temperature calibrations for single-specimen data. This study developed and evaluated the effects of four single-specimen cleaning procedures on the Mg/Ca ratio of <i>Trilobatus sacculifer</i>. These procedures varied in their inclusion or exclusion of the reductive step and heating for chemical reactions. The most effective single-specimen cleaning procedure (procedure D_single) incorporated the oxidative step while excluding the reductive step and heating. This procedure was subsequently applied to five additional planktic foraminifera species. With procedure D_single, we obtained statistically indistinguishable mean Mg/Ca values for single-specimen and multi-specimen samples of <i>T. sacculifer, Orbulina universa</i>, and <i>Pulleniatina obliquiloculata</i>, regardless of the intensity of the multi-specimen cleaning procedures. For single-specimen samples of <i>Globigerinoides ruber</i> and <i>Neogloboquadrina dutertrei</i>, the mean Mg/Ca values only matched those of the multi-specimen samples when procedures excluded the reductive step and heating. In contrast, single-specimen mean Mg/Ca values of <i>Globorotalia menardii</i> were consistently higher than those obtained through multi-specimen cleaning. The mean Mg/Ca differences between single-specimen and multi-specimen cleaning procedures across species are likely attributable to differences in the microstructure of the calcite tests. In summary, when cleaning procedures involving identical steps and heating conditions were utilized, both single-specimen and multi-specimen analyses yielded comparable mean Mg/Ca values, suggesting that the multi-specimen Mg/Ca calibrations are applicable to single-specimen data.</p>","PeriodicalId":50422,"journal":{"name":"Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems","volume":"26 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GC011975","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The North American Greenhouse Gas Budget: Emissions, Removals, and Integration for CO2, CH4, and N2O (2010–2019): Results From the Second REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes Study (RECCAP2)","authors":"Benjamin Poulter,&nbsp;Guillermo Murray-Tortarolo,&nbsp;Daniel J. Hayes,&nbsp;Philippe Ciais,&nbsp;Robbie M. Andrew,&nbsp;Ana Bastos,&nbsp;Brendan Byrne,&nbsp;David Butman,&nbsp;Josep G. Canadell,&nbsp;Abhishek Chatterjee,&nbsp;Grant Domke,&nbsp;Andrew Feldman,&nbsp;Kelsey Foster,&nbsp;Neha Hunka,&nbsp;Robert B. Jackson,&nbsp;Werner A. Kurz,&nbsp;Ayia Lindquist,&nbsp;Maodian Liu,&nbsp;Ingrid Luijkx,&nbsp;Arnaud Mialon,&nbsp;Anna M. Michalak,&nbsp;John Miller,&nbsp;Wolfgang A. Obermeier,&nbsp;Naiqin Pan,&nbsp;James T. Randerson,&nbsp;Peter A. Raymond,&nbsp;Pierre Regnier,&nbsp;Laure Resplandy,&nbsp;Gerard Rocher-Ros,&nbsp;Nemesio Rodriquez-Fernandez,&nbsp;Judith Rosentreter,&nbsp;Julio César Salazar-Neira,&nbsp;Suzanne E. Tank,&nbsp;Hanqin Tian,&nbsp;Rodrigo Vargas,&nbsp;Yohanna Villalobos,&nbsp;Jonathan A. Wang,&nbsp;Xinyuan Wei,&nbsp;Kimberly P. Wickland,&nbsp;Christopher Williams,&nbsp;Lisamarie Windham-Myers,&nbsp;Christopher Woodall,&nbsp;Qing Ying,&nbsp;Zhen Zhang","doi":"10.1029/2024GB008310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GB008310","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate accounting of greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions and removals is central to tracking progress toward climate mitigation and for monitoring potential climate-change feedbacks. GHG budgeting and reporting can follow either the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change methodologies for National Greenhouse Gas Inventory (NGHGI) reporting or use atmospheric-based “top-down” (TD) inversions or process-based “bottom-up” (BU) approaches. To help understand and reconcile these approaches, the Second REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes study (RECCAP2) was established to quantify GHG emissions and removals for carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O), for ten-land and five-ocean regions for 2010–2019. Here, we present the results for the North American land region (Canada, the United States, Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean). For 2010–2019, the NGHGI reported total net-GHG emissions of 7,270 TgCO₂-eq yr⁻¹ compared to TD estimates of 6,132 ± 1,846 TgCO₂-eq yr⁻¹ and BU estimates of 9,060 ± 898 TgCO₂-eq yr⁻¹. Reconciling differences between the NGHGI, TD and BU approaches depended on (a) accounting for lateral fluxes of CO₂ along the land-ocean-aquatic continuum (LOAC) and trade, (b) correcting land-use CO₂ emissions for the loss-of-additional-sink capacity (LASC), (c) avoiding double counting of inland water CH₄ emissions, and (d) adjusting area estimates to match the NGHGI definition of the managed-land proxy. Uncertainties remain from inland-water CO₂ evasion, the conversion of nitrogen fertilizers to N₂O, and from less-frequent NGHGI reporting from non-Annex-1 countries. The RECCAP2 framework plays a key role in reconciling independent GHG-reporting methodologies to support policy commitments while providing insights into biogeochemical processes and responses to climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":12729,"journal":{"name":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GB008310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Material characterisation of the Neo-Assyrian writing boards from Nimrud","authors":"Diego Tamburini ,&nbsp;Joanne Dyer ,&nbsp;Francesco Palmas ,&nbsp;Caroline Cartwright ,&nbsp;Jonathan Taylor ,&nbsp;Rebecca Stacey","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The writing boards excavated from Nimrud (modern Iraq) represent the first material evidence of cuneiform writing on wax. Scientific investigations conducted in the 1950s identified the yellowish writing paste as a mixture of beeswax and orpiment (As₂S₃), with the boards possibly made from walnut (<em>Juglans regia</em>). Advances in analytical techniques and further archaeological discoveries of writing boards have renewed interest in these artifacts and their materiality. This study re-examines some board fragments in the British Museum using Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with <em>in situ</em> silylation (Py(HMDS)-GC-MS) and gas chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-QToF-MS) for the characterisation of the organic components of the wax paste. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for pigment and wood species identification, respectively. The results confirmed that the yellow paste is composed of beeswax mixed with orpiment. The wax components are particularly well preserved, and no organic additives were detected. GC-QToF-MS detected traces of wax even from areas of the boards where no visual evidence of wax survived. Charred vegetable matter, consistent with the use of a carbon black pigment, suggests that writing boards with a grey/black colour, relatively common in Greek and Roman practices, were also produced in the Middle East. The wood was confirmed to be walnut, which is native to Southwest Asia. As no ancient Near Eastern recipe for wax writing boards has come to light so far, the information gathered is key to better understand this ancient practice, ground this knowledge in scientific evidence and enhance the contextualisation of wooden writing boards in the Middle East and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 106218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Western Pacific Subtropical High Modulates Regional Hydroclimate Changes on Multiple Timescales Over Central China","authors":"Gang Xue,&nbsp;Yanjun Cai,&nbsp;Yanhong Zheng,&nbsp;Haiwei Zhang,&nbsp;Tao Han,&nbsp;Shouyi Huang,&nbsp;Xing Cheng,&nbsp;Le Ma,&nbsp;Chengcheng Liu,&nbsp;R. Lawrence Edwards,&nbsp;Hai Cheng,&nbsp;Hong Yan","doi":"10.1029/2024JD042735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042735","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding regional hydroclimate and its driving mechanisms is important for accurate projections of hydrology variations in the future. This study provides a regional hydroclimate record over the past 5.7 ka based on speleothem climatic proxies from Jiuxian cave, central China. Our study suggests that coupling between sea surface temperatures (SST) of the Indo-Pacific warm pool (IPWP) and the positioning of the Western Pacific Subtropical High (WPSH) modulate both spatial heterogeneity of hydrological conditions on millennial-centennial time scales and the strength of hydroclimatic events in central China. Higher SSTs in IPWP drive northeastward movements of WPSH, causing increased rainfall in the mid-lower reaches of the Yellow River Valley, but decreased rainfall in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River Valley, and vice versa for lower SSTs. In addition, enlarged variability of WPSH associated with that of SSTs in IPWP can enhance the strength of the abrupt hydroclimate events. Our findings highlight the important role of WPSH in the strengths and spatial heterogeneity of regional hydroclimate.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The earliest Waterway Pass (Jinguan) site in China (202 BC- AD 420): a geoarchaeological approach","authors":"Junna Zhang,&nbsp;Liu Qi,&nbsp;Songhan Li,&nbsp;Xuetong Yu,&nbsp;Weidong Chen,&nbsp;Luhong Zheng,&nbsp;Bingyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Huiru Lian,&nbsp;Haixuan Wang","doi":"10.1007/s12520-025-02203-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-025-02203-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Waterway Pass known as 'Jinguan' (津关) in China serves as a vital official facility to regulate waterway transportation systems and resources. The references to Jinguan found within historical documents, such as bamboo and wooden slips, have not yet yielded a thorough understanding of its exact location and architectural features. This study presents the first excavated archaeological site of Jinguan located in Southwest China—Chengba site—of which main remains are belong to the period about 2000 years ago. A comprehensive geoarchaeological investigation was conducted at the Chengba site, which included field geomorphological assessments and experimental analytical methods such as dating and sediment analysis (particle size, magnetic susceptibility, chroma, and soil micromorphology). The findings reveal that the sedimentary environment has changed from wet to dry, and the landforms have evolved from riverside beaches and lake marshes into floodplains and terraces. Furthermore, structures within Jinguan have adapted to changes in this region's micro-geomorphological environment. The findings of this research reconstruct the evolutionary process of ancient landforms associated with China's earliest Jinguan site; we also explore relationships between site selection, transformations in architectural styles, and hydrological shifts that occurred in Sichuan during the Han and Jin Dynasties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143769837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Was the Lhasa Block at Low Latitudes in the Middle Permian? Insights From New Paleomagnetic and Geochronological Data","authors":"Longyun Xing,&nbsp;Xin Cheng,&nbsp;Mathew Domeier,&nbsp;Bitian Wei,&nbsp;Zhongshan Shen,&nbsp;Nan Jiang,&nbsp;Jiahui Zhang,&nbsp;Qinglong Chen,&nbsp;Shuqi Lan,&nbsp;Dongmeng Zhang,&nbsp;Yanan Zhou,&nbsp;Chenglong Deng,&nbsp;Hanning Wu","doi":"10.1029/2024GL114347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL114347","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The absence of reliable paleomagnetic constraints from the Lhasa Block has led to alternative interpretations of its late Paleozoic position and timing of rifting from Gondwana, reflecting uncertainties in early Neo-Tethyan paleogeography. This study presents paleomagnetic and geochronological data from the middle Permian Luobadui Formation, providing a new paleogeographic constraint on the Lhasa Block. Despite possible remagnetization, the dual-polarity magnetization, hosted in different minerals and lithologies, likely represents a middle Permian remanence. This constraint implies the Lhasa Block was located at 16.7 ± 5.3°S at 267.8 ± 5 Ma, following its rifting from Gondwana. New U-Pb detrital zircon ages from sandstones further suggest the Lhasa Block was located along the northwestern margin of Australia prior to rifting. Integrating other geological evidence, we propose that the Bangong Co-Nujiang and Yarlung-Zangbo oceans, now preserved as sutures flanking the Lhasa Block, both opened before the middle Permian, potentially representing branches of the same nascent oceanic corridor (Neo-Tethys).</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL114347","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compositional Evolution of Calzirtite and Perovskite in Phoscorites and Carbonatites of the Guli Alkaline–Ultramafic Complex, Polar Siberia","authors":"L. N. Kogarko,&nbsp;N. V. Sorokhtina,&nbsp;N. N. Kononkova","doi":"10.1134/S0016702924700885","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0016702924700885","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper presents data on the composition and phase heterogeneity of calzirtite Ca₂Zr₅Ti₂O₁₆ and perovskite CaTiO₃, which are HFSE oxides that crystallized during the early stages of formation of the carbonatite rock series of the Guli alkaline–ultramafic complex in Polar Siberia. The composition of HFSE minerals systematically changed during the evolution of the carbonatite melt from phoscorites to carbonatites. The calzirtite enriched up to 6 wt % Nb₂O₅, and the perovskite enriched up to 15 wt % Nb₂O₅, 7.7 wt % ZrO₂, and 6 wt % LREE₂O₃ in the phoscorites and early calcite carbonatites. Perovskite with low concentrations of admixtures crystallized in the late calcite carbonatites in association with U-, Th-, Ta-rich fluorcalciopyrochlore, thorianite, zirconolite, and baddeleyite. The composition of perovskite-group minerals evolved according to the following of isomorphic exchange schemes: Nb⁵⁺ + Fe³⁺ ↔ Ti⁴⁺ + Zr⁴⁺ and 2Ca²⁺ ↔ Na⁺ + REE³⁺. The enrichment of the early calzirtite and perovskite generations in HFSE is explained by the high Nb, Zr, and LREE partition coefficients in carbonatite melt–mineral equilibria. During the crystallization of the carbonatite melt, the activity of alkaline elements decreased, which is confirmed by a decrease in sodium content in the perovskite and a change in the composition of the solid inclusions. The early generations of perovskite and calzirtite from the phoscorites commonly host numerous polyphase inclusions of Ca, Na, K, Ba, and Sr carbonates, halides, and alkali metal sulfides, whereas calcite, fluorapatite, pyrophanite, and barite are found in the late generations of these minerals. It is shown that the crystallization of the phoscorites have crystallized from anhydrous melt that contained no water, and this was favorable for the preservation of alkaline carbonates as solid inclusions in minerals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12781,"journal":{"name":"Geochemistry International","volume":"63 2","pages":"153 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying Fire-Driven Dust Emissions Using a Global Aerosol Model","authors":"Robert Wagner,&nbsp;Kerstin Schepanski","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004466","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vegetation fires have become increasingly recognized as a potential entrainment mechanism for mineral dust. However, the global importance of this emission pathway remains largely unknown. Based on previous LES investigations, we developed a parameterization that relates the dust emission potential of wildfires to observational data of the fire radiative power and further soil-surface conditions. It was implemented into the aerosol-climate model ICON-HAM and simulations with and without the new emission pathway were conducted for the 10-year period 2004–2013. Fire-dust emissions can account for around 230 (190–255) Tg yr⁻¹, which represents around 18 (15–21) % of the total global dust emissions. These additional emissions originate largely from regions that are typically not known as significant sources of mineral dust. Locally, wildfires can enhance the presence of atmospheric dust particles and on the Southern hemisphere might even surpass other forms of dust emission. Highly dust active fire regions are identified in areas where burning grasslands create suitable emission conditions together with emissive soil types despite rather weak fires, for example, in Eastern Europe or the Central US. Fire-dust emissions are subject to a strong seasonal cycle, mainly driven by the fire activity, following the hemispheric warm and dry seasons. Multi-year comparisons with (dust) AOD observations revealed improvements due to the additional fire-dust emissions, particularly in the most fire-active regions on the Southern hemisphere. Nevertheless, further research and improvements of the parameterization are required to better classify the source areas and their variation with the changing climate and land use conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004466","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of garment construction and environmental factors on heat transfer.","authors":"Edgar Garcia Torres, Agnes Psikuta, Emiel DenHartog","doi":"10.1007/s00484-025-02907-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-025-02907-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Environmental factors and material construction parameters are both important considerations when evaluating the insulation performance of materials. The environmental factors of air layer thickness, wind speed, and ventilation are known to have a strong impact on insulation in fabric systems. This work builds on this knowledge by examining the interactions between these variables at different levels on various testing apparatuses- the small hot plate, the dynamic hot plate, and the heated torso. Additionally, the work assesses the effect of material air permeability and the influence on insulation at the various environmental conditions. A systematic approach revealed that material air permeability was primarily related to forced convective heat transfer and requires a minimum air layer thickness of 5 mm and wind speed of 1.3 m/s to be observed. Additionally, it was found that traditional methods of evaluating material thickness, such as ASTM D1777, apply a high force to the material and do not give an accurate measurement of uncompressed thickness- which is more indicative of what would be experienced during normal wear conditions. One sample in this study showed a difference > 2x when comparing the ASTM method to an alternative method (KES Compression Test) that applies a lower force, outlining the risk of inaccurate data.</p>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}