Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Carbonaceous aerosol in the Brahmaputra plains: Sources, and influence from the hotspot Indo-Gangetic plains, India","authors":"T. Paul,&nbsp;A. K. Sudheer,&nbsp;M. Gaddam,&nbsp;R. Pawar,&nbsp;A. S. Maurya,&nbsp;D. S. Jyethi","doi":"10.1007/s10874-024-09464-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10874-024-09464-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) play a significant role in aerosol mass and atmospheric processes. This study is focused on the eastern part of the Great Northern Plains of India, namely the Brahmaputra Plains, to understand the influence of regional and local contribution on the carbonaceous fraction of PM_2.5. Mean annual PM_2.5 concentrations exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), with values of 46.6 ± 30.0 μg/m³ in the rural area and 50.4 ± 34.4 μg/m³ in the semi-urban area. The range in monsoon-winter was found to be 22.7–71.9 μg/m³. OC and EC contribute 44–50% of the PM_2.5 mass concentration. The OC/EC ratios ranged from 3.3 to 9.3 in the rural area and from 4.3 to 6.9 in the semi-urban area, indicating significant secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, especially during the high photochemical period of the pre-monsoon season. Lower δ13C values were observed during winter (-27.5‰ rural, -27.3‰ semi-urban), pre-monsoon (-28.1‰ rural, -27.6‰ semi-urban), and post-monsoon (-28.2‰ rural, -28.1‰ semi-urban) periods, suggesting influences from biomass burning, fossil fuel combustion, and aged aerosols. The study employs cluster analysis of air mass trajectory, and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) fire data to determine the influence of the hotspot Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) and long-range transport on aerosol carbonaceous content during most seasons except the monsoon period June–September in the Brahmaputra Plains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142753976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between time of day and carbonaceous PM2.5 and oxidative potential in summer and winter in the Suncheon industrial area, Republic of Korea","authors":"Seoyeong Choe,&nbsp;Geun-Hye Yu,&nbsp;Myoungki Song,&nbsp;Sea-Ho Oh,&nbsp;Hajeong Jeon,&nbsp;Dong-Hoon Ko,&nbsp;Min-Suk Bae","doi":"10.1007/s10874-024-09465-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10874-024-09465-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>PM_2.5 samples were collected in Suncheon during the summer (June 2–11, 2023) and winter (January 15–21, 2024). The chemical composition analysis included carbonaceous components (OC, EC), secondary ionic components (NH₄⁺, NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻), dithiothreitol - oxidative potential (QDTT-OP), and volatile organic compounds. Results showed higher summer PM_2.5 concentrations due to photochemical reactions and higher winter concentrations from heating and stable atmospheric conditions. The OC/EC ratio indicated greater secondary organic aerosol formation in summer. Oxidative potential (QDTT-OP_v) was higher in summer (0.12 µM/m³) than winter (0.09 µM/m³), correlating strongly with OC in summer. Health risk assessment of BTEX revealed higher concentrations in winter, with benzene as the primary contributor to lifetime cancer risk (LTCR). The cumulative hazard quotient (HQ) was higher in winter, indicating increased non-carcinogenic risk. The study highlighted that oxidative potential is more influenced by chemical composition than physical characteristics, suggesting that regulating PM_2.5 concentration alone may be insufficient. VOCs, as precursors of SOA, showed a positive correlation with QDTT-OP_v, with benzene exhibiting the strongest correlation in winter. These findings emphasize the need for targeted management of specific PM_2.5 components to mitigate health risks effectively.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142664457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PM2.5 and PM10-related carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment in Iran","authors":"Khatereh Anbari,&nbsp;Pierre Sicard,&nbsp;Yusef Omidi Khaniabadi,&nbsp;Hasan Raja Naqvi,&nbsp;Reza Fouladi Fard,&nbsp;Rajab Rashidi","doi":"10.1007/s10874-024-09463-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10874-024-09463-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High levels of particulate matters in the air are a major health issue in Middle East leading to adverse health effects. In this study, we have simultaneously investigated (i) the spatio-temporal distribution of ambient particulate matters in a city located in the Middle East (Khorramabad) over the time period 2021–2022; and (ii) PM_2.5 and PM₁₀-related carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment to exposure. For the risk assessment, hourly PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ data were obtained from three monitoring stations located in the city. A methodology for risk assessment recommended by the United State Environmental Protection Agency was used for all age groups. The excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) and the hazard quotient (HQ) were estimated, and the backward trajectories were assessed by the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model. The Aerosol Optical Depth from 0 to 1000 nm was applied to observe the variations of atmospheric aerosols. The results showed that the annual PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ mean concentrations during 2021 and 2022 were exceeded the World Health Organization limit value for human health protection. In 2021 and 2022, 2.2-148.3 and 1.3-134.4 cancers per 1,000,000 inhabitants can be related to ambient PM_2.5 exposure. The HQ values for PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were 4.7 and 1.3 in 2021, and 3.8 and 1.1 in 2022, i.e., the risk for human health is expected. To reduce the adverse health effects related to particulate matters, air emissions control strategies are required.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142434958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable isotopic, bulk, and molecular compositions of post-monsoon biomass-burning aerosols in Delhi suggest photochemical ageing during regional transport is more pronounced than local processing","authors":"Rishu Agarwal,&nbsp;Shankar Gopala Aggarwal,&nbsp;Bhagawati Kunwar,&nbsp;Dhananjay Kumar Deshmukh,&nbsp;Khem Singh,&nbsp;Daya Soni,&nbsp;Kimitaka Kawamura","doi":"10.1007/s10874-024-09461-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10874-024-09461-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The composition of aerosols influenced by regional pollution sources during a post-monsoon haze event was studied including the isotopic, bulk, and molecular signatures. The air mass back trajectory and fire spot analysis revealed that the Delhi aerosols were influenced by the regional post-harvest crop (rice plant) residue-burning activities during the sampling period. To better understand the atmospheric processes during such an event, three samples of 4 h duration each (Period I: from 06:00–10:00, Period II: 10:00–14:00, and Period III: 14:00–18:00 h local time) were collected during the sampling period (8th -17th November, 2019) in the daytime. The average mass concentration of PM_2.5, molecular compounds including the inorganic and carbonaceous components (dicarboxylic acid class compounds), along with the stable isotopes of C and N were observed to be elevated during Period I of the study. NH₄⁺ and SO₄²⁻ were found to be the most abundant inorganic ions during Period II and III with Cl⁻ being the dominant ion during Period I. The OC/EC, WSOC/EC ratios indicated the influence of biomass burning on Delhi aerosols with little influence of local ageing processes evident from the minimal variation observed between the three periods of study during the day. High concentrations of dicarboxylic acids than previous studies are reported with oxalic and succinic acid being the most abundant diacids, a typical behaviour observed in biomass-burning influenced aerosols with an interesting observation of terephthalic acid to be found in an appreciable amount. The δ¹⁵ N of TN and δ¹³ C of TC signatures clearly indicated the influence of emissions from the burning of a C3 plant on the aerosols. The results strongly suggested that the aerosols were influenced by biomass-burning activities in the neighbouring regions and were aged during the atmospheric transport over to the city of Delhi with minimal effect of local ageing processes during the study period.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of surface air quality over provincial capital cities in Northwestern China during 2013–2020","authors":"Dipesh Rupakheti,&nbsp;Sushma Dhital,&nbsp;Maheswar Rupakheti,&nbsp;Xiufeng Yin,&nbsp;Ping Li,&nbsp;Sishir Dahal,&nbsp;Benzhong Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10874-024-09462-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10874-024-09462-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we have reported spatial and temporal variation in particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O₃) over five provincial capital cities in northwestern China during 2013–2020. Regarding the seasonal variation, all pollutants (except ozone) exhibited the lowest concentration during summer and the highest concentration during winter, which could be attributed to increased anthropogenic activities (like coal burning) and conducive meteorological features. The highest monthly mean concentrations were primarily observed during December-February, whereas ozone exhibited the highest concentration during April-August, with different cities experiencing the highest concentration during different seasons. Regarding the diurnal variation exhibited by the pollutants, the lowest concentration of pollutants (except O₃) was observed during the late afternoon (17:00–18:00) period. Ozone posed the urban site diurnal variation characteristic (peak during afternoon hour) over all sites. Urumqi had the highest PM_2.5/PM₁₀ ratio during November-March and the lowest ratio during April-October. Compared to the WHO revised guideline, the annual mean PM_2.5 concentration was about 8–12 times higher, whereas the annual PM₁₀ concentration was exceeded by a factor of up to 7. Most pollutants exhibited reduced concentration during the spring festival period. Analysis using HYSPLIT back trajectories indicated that the air masses affecting the five sites primarily originated from the northwestern area of China, although the impact of long-range pollution transport from remote regions should not be overlooked.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on sequential extraction of metals bound particulate matter and their health risk assessment","authors":"Kalpana Rajouriya,&nbsp;Atar Singh Pipal,&nbsp;Ajay Taneja","doi":"10.1007/s10874-024-09460-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10874-024-09460-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sequential Extraction Procedure (SEP) is a method widely used to extract metals and metalloids from Particulate Matter (PM) based on their solubility in different reaction media. This extraction procedure is used to determine the actual mobility of metals present in the environment. A detailed discussion on the significance of sequential extraction analysis is also being given in this scientific document. This review includes different aspects related to the fractions obtained (exchangeable: F1, reducible: F2, oxidizable: F3, bound to organic matter: F4, and residual fraction: F5) during the SEP. The use of each reagent involved in the fractionation process of PM is also discussed briefly. Finally, the present up-to-date information given by different researchers in various fields of atmospheric chemistry along with the possible future developments is also part of this scientific review. The current review also focuses on the relation between SEP and mathematical expressions (bioavailability, source apportionment, and health risk assessment by the USEPA method). It is revealed from the previous studies that Cd and Zn are highly enriched, mobile as well as highly bioavailable in the environment and poses more risk to the human being. The Cr and As showed carcinogenic nature and hence pose carcinogenic diseases in humans. Whereas, Mn and As are non-carcinogenic in nature for children and adults and thereby both pose a non-carcinogenic disease threat to the population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141945499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: India’s cultural heritage: Air quality effects amidst COVID-19 lockdown and seasonal variability","authors":"Mohd Arif,&nbsp;Saloni Sachdeva,&nbsp;Sherry Mangla,&nbsp;Prafulla Kumar Sahoo","doi":"10.1007/s10874-024-09459-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10874-024-09459-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141103514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"India’s cultural heritage: Air quality effects amidst COVID-19 lockdown and seasonal variability","authors":"Mohd Arif,&nbsp;Saloni Sachdeva,&nbsp;Sherry Mangla,&nbsp;Prafulla Kumar Sahoo","doi":"10.1007/s10874-024-09458-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10874-024-09458-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>India, one of the most dynamic ancient civilizations, possesses a multitude of historical artifacts, with 37 of its notable architectural structures recognized as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Yet, the ever-changing climate, especially air pollution, expedites the natural deterioration of historic sites and diminishes their aesthetic appeal, causing socio-economic damage. With this in mind, the current study aims to offer a logical scientific foundation for the implications of air pollution, seasonal shifts, and COVID-19 on 14 significant historical places in India during the year 2019-20. Delhi, among the cities most severely affected by atmospheric pollution, recorded an alarming air quality index (AQI) of 102–141, which can intensify the risk of cultural sites to corrode and deteriorate. Analysis reveals that the winter season had elevated levels of NO₂ and particle pollution (PM_2.5, PM₁₀), whereas summer had the higher levels of O₃. Throughout the 5-month lockdown period, ozone levels exhibited an elevation, contrasting with the reduction observed in other air parameters. Notably, there was a substantial 70% decrease in particulate matter concentration, which had previously remained stable over the course of the year. Variations in geographic locales and anthropogenic influences contribute significantly to the dose-response statistics, revealing an unprecedented elevation in corrosion risks to historical limestone and sandstone structures across target sites. Moreover, the research addresses available Governmental initiatives, and effective strategies designed to safeguard heritage sites against the corrosion and material degradation, offering a comprehensive exploration of protective measures. Thereby, the current research is centred on establishing a foundational understanding of the impact of air pollution on cultural heritage, utilizing a comparison to the year with the lowest air pollution levels, which can aid policymakers in enhancing risk management and implementing a robust national mandate for the preservation of cultural heritage sites against corrosion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140933582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification and source apportionment of atmospheric trace gases over Dhaka, Bangladesh","authors":"A.T.M. Mustafa Kamal,&nbsp;Md. Safiqul Islam,&nbsp;Shahid Uz Zaman,&nbsp;Md. Jalil Miah,&nbsp;Tanvir Ahmed,&nbsp;Sirajul Hoque,&nbsp;Abdus Salam","doi":"10.1007/s10874-024-09457-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10874-024-09457-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Five atmospheric trace gases were measured in Dhaka, Bangladesh, using an automated direct sensing gas monitoring system. The average concentrations of CO, NO, NO₂, TVOC, and O₃ were 2603.6 ± 1216.4, 281.5 ± 158.0, 182.7 ± 69.4, 10,068.2 ± 5296.1 and 36.6 ± 23.6 µg/m³. The measured trace gas concentrations demonstrated significant seasonal and monthly fluctuations, with NO and CO concentrations being the highest in winter, O₃ and TVOC concentrations being the highest during the monsoon season, and NO₂ concentrations being the highest during the pre-monsoon season. Air mass trajectories and wind rose plots during the monsoon were compared to the winter. It showed that air masses from the southeast and south had an impact on the quantity of most of the trace gases whilst they traveled over the Bay of Bengal throughout the monsoon period. In contrast, air masses from the northwestern region, north, and the west had a bigger effect on the rising amount of trace gases across the Indo Gangetic Plain (IGP) during the winter season. NO₂ (182.7 µg/m³) had the maximum concentration of the gases measured and crossed the World Health Organization’s (WHO) annual recommended value. The source characteristics of NOx, TVCO, and O₃ gases were determined using the positive matrix factorization (PMF 5.0) model. The combustion of fossil fuels and aerosols were found to be the major sources of NOx and O₃, with aerosol formation being the primary source of TVOC concentration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140592009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxic heavy metals in rainwater samples of Tehran","authors":"Roholah Malekei,&nbsp;Mohammad Hossein Sayadi,&nbsp;Reza Dahmardeh Behrooz,&nbsp;Dimitris G. Kaskaoutis","doi":"10.1007/s10874-023-09454-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10874-023-09454-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the concentrations and spatial distribution of toxic heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) through chemical analysis of rainwater samples collected in Tehran, Iran during winter and spring of 2022, characterized by different land use, emission sources, traffic conditions and population density. The average concentrations of the examined heavy metals at the five sampling sites were 52.9, 11.8, 14.6 and 0.93 μg l⁻¹ for Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd, respectively. The concentrations of all heavy metals were significantly higher (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) at the sampling points in central and south Tehran compared to sites in the west and north, due to different urban characteristics, higher pollution emission rates from the traffic and domestic sectors, and local wind patterns developed within the city. High traffic load in the central part of Tehran also escalates the heavy metal concentrations in this region. The significant correlations between the examined heavy metals at the five sites indicate common, local anthropogenic sources. The heavy metal concentrations were higher for rain samples collected in spring than in winter, likely associated with dilution processes in winter and the restriction measures due to COVID-19 pandemic. During the lockdown period, a drastic decrease in traffic load was observed in Tehran, confirming that motor vehicles is the main regulatory factor for air pollution and potential toxic elements in the city.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138947659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}