Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Characterization of brown carbon constituents of benzene secondary organic aerosol aged with ammonia","authors":"Mingqiang Huang,&nbsp;Jun Xu,&nbsp;Shunyou Cai,&nbsp;Xingqiang Liu,&nbsp;Weixiong Zhao,&nbsp;Changjin Hu,&nbsp;Xuejun Gu,&nbsp;Li Fang,&nbsp;Weijun Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10874-017-9372-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-017-9372-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOC) formed from secondary organic aerosols (SOA) age via reaction with reduced nitrogen species are a vital class of brown carbon compounds. NOC compounds from ammonia (NH₃) gas-aging of benzene SOA were investigated in present study, and the experiments were performed by irradiating benzene/CH₃ONO/NO/NH₃ air mixtures in a home-made smog chamber. The particulate NOC products of aged benzene SOA in the presence of NH₃ were measured by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), and aerosol laser time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ALTOFMS) coupled with Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering algorithm, respectively. Experimental results demonstrated that NH₃ has significant promotion effect on benzene SOA formation. Organic ammonium salts, such as ammonium glyoxylate, ammonium 6-oxo-2,4-hexadienoiclate, which are formed from NH₃ reactions with gaseous organic acids were detected as the major particulate NOC products of NH₃-aged benzene SOA. 1H–imidazole, 1H–imidazole-2-carbaldehyde and other imidazole products via the heterogeneous reactions between NH₃ and dialdehydes of benzene SOA were successfully detected as important brown carbon constituents. The formation of imidazole products suggests that some ambient particles contained organonitrogen compounds may be come from this mechanism. The results of this study may provide valuable information for discussing NH₃ deposition and SOA aging mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"75 2","pages":"205 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10874-017-9372-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5131663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of precursor emissions on ground level ozone concentration during summer season in Poland","authors":"Kinga Wałaszek,&nbsp;Maciej Kryza,&nbsp;Małgorzata Werner","doi":"10.1007/s10874-017-9371-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-017-9371-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Three online coupled chemical transport model simulations were analyzed for three summer months of 2015 in Poland. One of them was run with default emission inventory, the other two with NO_x and VOC emissions reduced by 30%, respectively. Obtained ozone concentrations were evaluated with data from air quality measurement stations and ozone sensitivity to precursor emissions was estimated by ozone concentration differences between simulations and with the use of indicator ratios. They were calculated based on modeled mixing ratios of ozone, total reactive nitrogen and its components, nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide. The results show that the model overestimates ozone concentrations with the largest errors in the morning and evening, which is primarily related to the way vertical mixing is resolved by the model. Better model performance for ozone is achieved in rural than urban environment, as PBL and mixing mechanisms play more significant role in urban areas. Modeled ozone shows mixed sensitivity to precursor concentrations, similarly to other European regions, but indicator ratios have different values than are found in literature, particularly H₂O₂/HNO₃ is larger than in southern Europe. However, indicator ratios often differ between locations and transition values need to be established individually for a given region.</p>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"75 2","pages":"181 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10874-017-9371-y","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4911519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water-soluble inorganic ions of size-differentiated atmospheric particles from a suburban site of Mexico City","authors":"Telma Castro,&nbsp;Oscar Peralta,&nbsp;Dara Salcedo,&nbsp;José Santos,&nbsp;María I. Saavedra,&nbsp;María L. Espinoza,&nbsp;Alejandro Salcido,&nbsp;Ana-Teresa Celada-Murillo,&nbsp;Susana Carreón-Sierra,&nbsp;Harry Álvarez-Ospina,&nbsp;Giovanni Carabali,&nbsp;Valter Barrera,&nbsp;Sasha Madronich","doi":"10.1007/s10874-017-9369-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-017-9369-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the MILAGRO campaign, March 2006, eight-stage cut impactors were used to sample atmospheric particles at Tecámac (T1 supersite), towards the northeast edge of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area, collecting fresh local emissions and aged pollutants produced in Mexico City. Particle samples were analyzed to determine total mass concentrations of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, NH₄\u0000 ⁺, K⁺, Cl^?, SO₄\u0000 ^2?, and NO₃\u0000 ^?. Average concentrations were 22.1?±?7.2?μg m^?3 for PM₁₀ and 18.3?±?6.2?μg m^?3 for PM_1.8. A good correlation between PM₁₀ and PM_1.8, without influence from wind patterns, indicates that local emissions are more important than the city’s pollution transported to the site, despite the fact that Tecámac is just 40?km away from Mexico City. A lack of diurnal patterns in the PM_2.5/PM_1.8 ratio supports this conclusion. The inorganic composition of particles suggests that vehicles, soil resuspension, and industries are the main pollutant sources. Finally, the particles were found to be neutralized, in agreement with observations in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area.</p>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"75 2","pages":"155 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10874-017-9369-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4815866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term high-frequency measurements of dibromomethane in the atmosphere at algae-rich and algae-poor coastal sites","authors":"Yoko Yokouchi,&nbsp;Takuya Saito,&nbsp;Hitoshi Mukai","doi":"10.1007/s10874-017-9370-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-017-9370-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dibromomethane (CH₂Br₂), a natural stratospheric ozone depleting substance, is mostly emitted from the ocean, but the relative importance of coastal (or macroalgae) and open ocean emissions is unknown. We made long-term high-frequency measurements of CH₂Br₂ concentrations at two remote coastal sites in Japan, on the subtropical Hateruma Island (poor in macroalgae) and at Cape Ochiishi (rich in macroalgae). CH₂Br₂ concentrations at Hateruma showed prominent seasonal variation, being lower in summer (around 0.94 ppt) than in winter (around 1.23 ppt). In contrast, CH₂Br₂ concentrations at Ochiishi were highly variable, often exceeding 2 ppt in the summer but with minimum baseline concentrations close to those from Hateruma; in the winter the concentrations were almost constant at about 1.3 ppt. Analysis of the data suggested that (1) emissions from macroalgae were not likely to extend offshore, but instead were localized near the shore, (2) strong macroalgal emissions of CH₂Br₂ were almost limited to the summer, but it was not reflected in the seasonality of the baseline concentrations of CH₂Br₂ in the atmosphere, and therefore (3) macroalgal or coastal emissions of CH₂Br₂ in the temperate zone might have a rather limited contribution to the global CH₂Br₂ sources. These findings are especially important for the understanding of the tropospheric and stratospheric bromine budget.</p>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"75 2","pages":"171 - 180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10874-017-9370-z","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4635400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to: Uptake of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on acidic aqueous humic acid (HA) solutions as a missing daytime nitrous acid (HONO) surface source","authors":"K. J. Wall,&nbsp;G. W. Harris","doi":"10.1007/s10874-017-9367-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-017-9367-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"74 3","pages":"323 - 323"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10874-017-9367-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4149360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atmospheric hydroperoxides measured over a rural site in central Japan during spring: helicopter-borne measurements","authors":"Koichi Watanabe,&nbsp;Chinatsu Yachi,&nbsp;Xiao Jing Song,&nbsp;Saori Kakuyama,&nbsp;Miyuki Nishibe,&nbsp;Sheng Jun Jin","doi":"10.1007/s10874-017-9368-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-017-9368-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Measurements of the concentrations of H₂O₂ and methyl hydroperoxide (MHP), O₃, and SO₂ over Imizu City, Toyama Prefecture, Japan were performed in March using a helicopter. H₂O₂ concentrations were higher at an altitude of approximately 2,400 m (8,000 ft). The H₂O₂ concentrations (&lt; 0.8 ppb) in the spring were much lower than those observed during the summer observations. MHP was also higher in the high-altitude atmosphere. Lower concentrations of H₂O₂ were observed when high air pollutants were actively transported from Asian continent. The concentrations of H₂O₂ were mostly lower than those of SO₂; this condition is called <i>oxidant limitation</i>. If H₂O₂ concentration rises in cold months, the acidification of cloud water may be accelerated at high elevations in central Japan where air pollution is actively transported.</p>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"75 2","pages":"141 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10874-017-9368-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4151704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concentrations of metallic elements in long-range-transported aerosols measured simultaneously at three coastal sites in China and Japan","authors":"Kojiro Shimada,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Yang,&nbsp;Yushi Araki,&nbsp;Ayako Yoshino,&nbsp;Akinori Takami,&nbsp;Xuan Chen,&nbsp;Fan Meng,&nbsp;Shiro Hatakeyama","doi":"10.1007/s10874-017-9366-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-017-9366-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To determine the effects of long-range transport of aerosols from an upwind area in East Asia to a downwind area in Japan, we chemically analyzed aerosols collected simultaneously on Tuoji Island (Shandong Province, China), Fukue Island (Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan), and Cape Hedo (Okinawa Prefecture, Japan). We focused on changes in the metallic composition of PM_2.5 aerosols during long-range transport. The average mass concentrations of PM_2.5 at the three sites decreased in the order Tuoji Island &gt; Fukue Island ≈ Cape Hedo (48.3 ± 4.5, 13.9 ± 1.5, and 13.2 ± 0.9 μg/m³, respectively). The fraction of coarse particles in total suspended particles estimated by (1–PM_2.5/TSP) was highest on Cape Hedo, indicating that the contribution of sea salts was increased by long-range transport of the aerosols over the ocean. Enrichment factor analysis revealed that at all three sites, Al, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Co, Sr, and Ba originated from soil; whereas Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Tl, and P appeared to be of anthropogenic origin. Na was the most abundant element on Cape Hedo, indicating the addition of sea salts during aerosol transport. The V concentration was highest at Fukue Island, which was ascribed to V emission from ships. Sixty-one percent of the V on Fukue Island and 62% of the V on Cape Hedo were determined to have originated from ships, implicating of data obtained on dates during which backward trajectory analysis indicated that the same air mass passed over Tuoji Island, Fukue Island, and Cape Hedo in that order.</p>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"75 2","pages":"123 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10874-017-9366-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4306959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical characteristics of atmospheric bulk deposition in a semi-rural area of the Po Valley (Italy)","authors":"Laura Tositti,&nbsp;Linda Pieri,&nbsp;Erika Brattich,&nbsp;Silvia Parmeggiani,&nbsp;Francesca Ventura","doi":"10.1007/s10874-017-9365-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-017-9365-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study provides an analysis of a five-year time series chemical composition of the bulk deposition (2009–2013), collected within a farm surrounded by industrial and urban settlements in a semi-rural area of the Po Valley, with the aim of characterizing potential emission sources affecting precipitation composition at the site. Most monitoring efforts in this region, recognized as one of the most polluted in the world both due to the intense industrialisation and urbanisation as well as to frequent air stagnation conditions, are presently devoted more to gaseous and particulate pollutants than to precipitation chemistry. The bulk deposition samples were very concentrated in chemical species, both acidic and alkaline, high compared to other polluted sites in the world and to locations in the same district. The mean ions concentrations (in μeq l^?1) are: NO₃\u0000 ^? (243)?&gt;?SO₄\u0000 ^2? (220)?&gt;?PO₄\u0000 ^3? (176)?&gt;?Cl^? (153)?&gt;?NO₂\u0000 ^? (29)?&gt;?F^? (2.6); NH₄\u0000 ⁺ (504)?&gt;?Ca²⁺ (489)?&gt;?K⁺ (151)?&gt;?Na⁺ (127)?&gt;?Mg²⁺ (127). pH data shows a trend toward slightly alkaline conditions attributed to the large presence of ammonium and crustal elements, in spite of high concentrations of nitrates and sulphates. The relevant concentrations of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ further suggests that these alkaline conditions might be due to the correspondingly significant concentrations of carbonates/bicarbonates in our dataset. While back-trajectories analysis suggests the stronger importance of local resuspension over long-range transport, statistical analyses on ion composition highlight the key role exerted by agricultural activity, especially in the case of NH₄\u0000 ⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺ and PO₄\u0000 ^3? (especially linked to fertilisation practices and soil resuspension due to mechanical operations). Apart from Na⁺ and Cl^? ions which correlate well as expected, indicating their likely common origin from marine salt, the identification of the origin of the other ions is very complex due to the contribution of diverse local sources, such as industrial and residential settlements.</p>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"75 1","pages":"97 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10874-017-9365-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4431452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to special issue on natural halocarbons in the atmosphere","authors":"Lucy J. Carpenter,&nbsp;Yoko Yokouchi,&nbsp;Elliot L. Atlas","doi":"10.1007/s10874-017-9364-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-017-9364-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"74 2","pages":"141 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10874-017-9364-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4512959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurements of PM10 ions and trace gases with the online system MARGA at the research station Melpitz in Germany – A five-year study","authors":"B. Stieger,&nbsp;G. Spindler,&nbsp;B. Fahlbusch,&nbsp;K. Müller,&nbsp;A. Grüner,&nbsp;L. Poulain,&nbsp;L. Thöni,&nbsp;E. Seitler,&nbsp;M. Wallasch,&nbsp;H. Herrmann","doi":"10.1007/s10874-017-9361-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10874-017-9361-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>An hourly quantification of inorganic water-soluble PM₁₀ ions and corresponding trace gases was performed using the Monitor for AeRosols and Gases in ambient Air (MARGA) at the TROPOS research site in Melpitz, Germany. The data availability amounts to over 80% for the five-year measurement period from 2010 to 2014. Comparisons were performed for the evaluation of the MARGA, resulting in coefficients of determinations (slopes) of 0.91 (0.90) for the measurements against the SO₂ gas monitor, 0.84 (0.88), 0.79 (1.39), 0.85 (1.20) for the ACSM NO₃\u0000 ^?, SO₄\u0000 ^2? and NH₄\u0000 ⁺ measurements, respectively, and 0.85 (0.65), 0.88 (0.68), 0.91 (0.83), 0.86 (0.82) for the filter measurements of Cl^?, NO₃\u0000 ^?, SO₄\u0000 ^2? and NH₄\u0000 ⁺, respectively. A HONO comparison with a batch denuder shows large scatter (R² = 0.41). The MARGA HNO₃ is underestimated compared to a batch and coated denuder with shorter inlets (slopes of 0.16 and 0.08, respectively). Less NH₃ was observed in coated denuders for high ambient concentrations. Long-time measurements show clear daily and seasonal variabilities. Potential Source Contribution Function (PSCF) analysis indicates the emission area of particulate ions Cl^?, NO₃\u0000 ^?, SO₄\u0000 ^2?, NH₄\u0000 ⁺, K⁺ and gaseous SO₂ to lie in eastern European countries, predominantly in wintertime. Coarse mode sea salt particles are transported from the North Sea to Melpitz. The particles at Melpitz are nearly neutralised with a mean molar ratio of 0.90 for the five-year study. A slight increase of the neutralization ratio over the last three years indicates a stronger decrease of the anthropogenically emitted NO₃\u0000 ^? and SO₄\u0000 ^2? compared to NH₄\u0000 ⁺.</p>","PeriodicalId":611,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry","volume":"75 1","pages":"33 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1007/s10874-017-9361-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"5101142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}